PAINTED STORK (Mycteria Leucocephala)

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) & PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

PREPARED FOR GALLANTT METAL LIMITED LOCATION: -AT SURVEY NO. 175/1, VILLAGE – SAMAKHIYALI, TEHSIL - BHACHAU, DISTRICT – KUTCH (GUJARAT)

PREPARED BY:

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT ENKAY ENVIRO SERVICES PVT. LTD., JAIPUR Accredited EIA Consultant Organization by NABET, QCI, New Delhi at S. No. 41 (MoEF&CC) List of Accredited EIA Consultant Organizations (as on April 05, 2018). Validity: -Up to 28.05.2018 Corporate Office: -# 92 Heera Nagar - A, Near Shalimar Bagh, Ajmer Road, Jaipur (Raj.). - 302 021 Phone: - 0141-2354997, 2353996, Fax No.: - 0141 – 4026996 Email: - [email protected], Website: - www.enkayenviro.com

FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERT (NABET/QCI APPROVED): DINESH BOHRA

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

TABLE OF CONTENT

Sr. No Particulars Page No

1 INTRODUCTION 2

2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY AND SCOPE OF 2 THE WORK

3 AREA DESCRIPTION 3

4 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY 4

5 SURVEY TECHNIQUES 7

6 LAND USE OF THE AREA 7

7 FOREST IDENTIFICATION 8

8 EXISTING IMPACTS & MITIGATION 10

9 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN 19-28 PEAFOWL (PAVO CRISTATUS) 10 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR PAINTED 29-38 STORK (MYCTERIA LEUCOCEPHALA)

1 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Gallantt Metal Limited (GML) is a large scale existing industrial unit which is situated at Survey No. 175/1, Village - Samkhaiyali, Tehsil- Bhachau, District - Kutch, Gujarat. The proposed expansion is for manufacturing- Sponge Iron, M.S. Billets, TMT Bars, M. S. Rolled Bar, Runner & Raiser and Captive Power Plant & WHRB. The proposed expansion is coming up within existing plant area 116.0 Acres (4, 73,325Sq.m). No additional land is required for the proposed expansion

N E Latitude 23°19’4.47” N Latitude 23°19’2.33” N Longitude 70°29’10.21” E Longitude 70°29’10.21” E S W Latitude 23°18’33.97” N Latitude 23°18’32.58” N Longitude 70°29’28.95” E Longitude 70°29’41.87” E

2.0 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY AND SCOPE OF THE WORK

As per ToR issued by committee of MOEF&CC the purpose of the study and scope are as follow:

 Reconnaissance survey of the study area i.e 10 km radius from the project site  To prepare digital maps by plotting all the sightings of species in various Schedules based on the priorities and conservation targets with regards to the proposed project  To identify faunal diversity based on the survey  To identify the available Schedule-I species within 10 km radius of the project boundary  To predict environmental impact on schedule-I animals  To prepare conservation plan for schedule-I animals found in the study area.  Submission of conservation plan to the Forest department for review and approval.

2 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

3.0 AREA DESCRIPTION

The project study area was delineated into two zones for biodiversity inventory. The existing project site boundary was considered as Core Zone, while, the area encompassing 10 km radius from the periphery of the project boundary was designated as Buffer Zone. To make inventories of floral and faunal components, the project area was categorized mainly in to three habitat types such as: Forest Habitat (FH), Riverine Habitat (RH) and Agricultural Habitat (AH). Field survey was carried out in all the three major habitat types covering both core and buffer zones.

Table 1: List of water bodies

S. No. Particulars Distance (Km) Direction (From Project Boundary) Water Bodies 1. KARA VOKRA 7.60 WSW 2. GUPT NADI 4.50 SW 3. AMLIYARA NADI 8.15 S 4. VANGO NADI 10.45 SE 5. KHARI RIVER 9.82 E 6. PIPLA TALAV 6.06 E 7. BABUDI NADI 13.50 E 8. ADHOI NADI 2.80 N 9. GORASAR TALAV 4.50 SSE Source: All distances are taken with respect to Google Earth.

Table 2: List of Highway/Railway station

S. No. Particulars Distance (Km) Direction (From Project Boundary) 1. NH-8A 750 m S 2. NH-15 2.90 E 3. SH-42 13.62 W 4. Railway Station- Samkhaiyali 1.04 SE Source: All distances are taken with respect to Google Earth.

3 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

Fig: 1: Map showing study area

4 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

4.0 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY

As a first step, our team members had discussions with the officials of project proponent and local forest officials about the broad idea of what the study team would intend to do at project site, this helped our team to gather more information in terms of what the local stakeholders perceived about the project and how they wanted this whole project to shape up in order to achieve the targets.

Secondly, the study team prepared digital maps by plotting all the sightings of species in various Schedules based on the priorities and conservation targets with regards to the proposed project. The company may encourage local conservation in carrying out studies in the core zone for peafowl.

Thirdly, our team has selected a list of species as focal conservation targets to be undertaken by proponent. Through there are many species such as Indian peafowl and leopard coming under the Schedule-I of the Indian wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, we have selected only a few species as because by conserving these flagship species, possibly we can conserve other dependent species. Entire area has been selected as one big target area within it all these species either reside permanently or visits only during certain part of the year(for example migratory season birds).The whole area (within 10 Km radius) has a variety of habitats from scrub forest, wetlands, rivers to dry-deciduous forest having set of species.

I. Flora

Floral status was assessed in different habitat types and project site of the study area. Quantitative data was collected using standard quadrate method followed by Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg 1967, Kershaw, 1973. Floral enumeration was done following standard sampling techniques. Random quadrates were laid in order to quantify the vegetation of the study area. Quadrate size for trees was

10 x 10 m, for shrubs it was 5 x 5 m and for herbs it was 1 x 1m. Plots of 1 x 1 m were laid within the tree quadrate at each corner to record grasses. In each of the quadrates, species and their number were recorded.

5 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

II. Fauna

Avifauna:

Standard methods were followed to survey the avifauna. The point count method was followed for counting the birds. Opportunistic surveys were also carried out with respect to avifaunal checklist. Identification by calls was also made for species which were not directly encountered or were hidden in the vegetation or canopy (Sridharan 1989, Bhupathy 1991, Bibby et al., 1992 and Hutto et al., 1986).

Herpetofauna:

Area searches were done in the circular plots of 10 m radius to inventory all terrestrial habitats for reptiles and amphibians. Area searches consisted of turning cover objects like logs, boulders etc (Welsh, 1987).Sampling for these species involved capturing individuals by hand or observation through binoculars and aural surveys.

Mammals:

Presence of mammals was documented by using both direct and indirect evidences. Opportunistic sightings were also included. Circular Plots were used to search indirect evidence i.e. animal burrows / holes, scat, pellets, feeding signs, and tracks. Photographic (colored pictorial guide) field guide were used for interviews with local residents (Burnham et al. 1980, Rodgers 1991, Sale and Berkmuller, 1988, Daniel, 1992)

Table: 3: Methods used for study of flora & fauna

Taxa Sampling Methods Plants Inventorization and quadrate sampling Butterflies Visual encounter survey (search) Amphibians Visual encounter survey (search) Reptiles Birds Point count, opportunistic observation Mammals Tracks and signs, and visual encounter survey

6 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

5.0 SURVEY TECHNIQUES

The visual encounter survey (VES) technique was used. The VES technique involves walking through the study site systematically searching for animals during a given time period. No Time Constrained Studies (TCS) were utilized and hence a varied amount of time was spent at the sites based on species diversity. Micro-habitats studied included terrestrial, arboreal and aquatic during the study. Given the elusive nature of animals, VES techniques are very effective to estimate the species richness. However, species counts of animals are very difficult, given the terrain and nocturnal habits of many species.

5.1 Equipment used

Measuring tape and Vernier calipers for measurements and a Nikon camera for photography and binocular for assessment of animal from safe distance.

5.2 Visibility of the study

The study team has conducted these surveys mainly to ascertain the occurrence of flora and fauna in the study area. As there are three/two/one protected areas in the vicinity of project site, the expert team studied the biodiversity associated with these areas. During our course of survey the expert team had meetings with the local forest officials at Chittorgarh to know about the species composition besides getting to know the details of management options currently practiced by the forest department.

6.0 LAND USE OF THE AREA

The following land use classes have been observed in the study area:-

S. No. Class Area (Sq.m.) Area (%) 1. PROJECT AREA 469957 0.149592 2. HABITATION 5155639 1.641091 3. RAILWAY 28546 0.009086 4. ROAD 200098 0.063693 5. AGRICULTURE LAND 14130134 4.497761 6. FALLOW LAND 275326769 87.63923 7. SCRUB LAND 9186628 2.924195

7 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

8. BAREN LAND 5939792 1.890695 9. INDUSTRIAL AREA 1372784 0.436971 10. RIVER/WATER BODY 2348918 0.747684 34159265 TOTAL 100.00

Agriculture: - It is spreads over 4.49% (14130134Sq.m.) of the geographical area. However, the agriculture in this area is primarily rain fed and also irrigation-based agriculture is practiced in this region.

Water Bodies: - For the present study, this land class is found to occupy nearly 0.74% (2348918Sq.m.)

Built-up - Industry - For the present study, this land class is found to occupy nearly 0.43% (1372784 Sq.m.)

7.0 FOREST IDENTIFICATION

Forest area of the state is 21664.99 km2 of which 14837.6 km2 area is reserved forest, 2888.85 km2 is protected forest and 4388.98 km2 area is un classed forest. This constitutes 11.05% of the geographical area of the state.

Gujarat state having total geographical area of 1, 96,024 sq Kms is located on the western most part of the country. The climatic condition of the State is tropical. Average annual rainfall varies from south to north with the former receiving the highest rainfall while the later getting the lowest rainfall in the State. According to the rainfall pattern, the state has been classified in to eight agro-climatic zones

Distribution of the forest area is extremely uneven in the state. Anand district is having minimum forest area (Nil) and Kachchh district has maximum forest area of 5598.83 sq. Kms

(Source: https://forests.gujarat.gov.in/forest-area.htm)

8 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

Table: 4: Reserved Forest/Protected Forest S. No. Particulars Distance (Km) Direction (From Project Boundary) 1. R.F. NEAR GAMDAU VILLAGE 11.50 NNE Source: All distances are taken with respect to Google Earth

9 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

Level of diversity Conservation of biodiversity Sustainable use of biodiversity Genetic diversity The intended activity will not result in The intended activity will not cause a extinction of a population of a localized local loss of varieties/ cultivars/ breeds endemic species of scientific, ecological, or of cultivated plants and /or Cultural value. domesticated animals and their relatives, genes or genomes of social, scientific and economic importance. Species diversity The intended activity will not cause a The intended activity will not affect direct or indirect loss of a population of a sustainable use of a population of a species. However, indirect loss is species. unpredictable, thus the conservation plan for the peafowl is given. Ecosystem diversity The intended activity will not lead, either The intended activity will not affect the directly or indirectly, to serious damage or sustainable human exploitation of total loss of ecosystem, however slight ecosystem or land-use type(s) in such changes in land-use change is expected As manner that the exploitation becomes the site is not a ecosystem services of destructive or non-sustainable (i.e. the scientific/ ecological value. Thus leading loss of ecosystem services of social and/ to a no loss of, or ecological/ cultural or economic value). value.

8.0 EXISTING IMPACTS Impacts due to proposed expansion may be changes in ambient air quality and degradation of vegetation, due to gaseous emission and pollutants deposited on the leaflet of plant which affects the photosynthesis rate of flora and ultimately decrease the growth of vegetation of surrounding area of buffer zone. Impact of Noise due to machinery and transportation of raw materials and finish good increases the accidental mortality of fauna and also chances to decrease of habitation of local residential faunal groups of the study area. No major impact is identified, as the unit is nicely planned and also having good plantation. As the unit is going into expansion in production capacity, workings will be going deeper and less laterally so that there will be less impact anticipated on biodiversity. However few impacts were indentified due to mining activity are as follows:- 10 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

Table: 5: Impact and Mitigation Plan

S. No. Activity Impact Observed Mitigation/ Management 1. Site Clearing and  Dust emission rremoval of As the expansion is proposed in Loss of adjacent vegetation on the Site. the same existing plant area (core forest habitats zone) therefore, the proposed  The expansion is coming up in and Biodiversity. Expansion project activities will the same existing plant. The not have any impacts like loss of increase in the production floral species and associated faunal capacity may affect the diversity. However 24.20 % area surrounding habitats & (28.08 acre) of the existing plant biodiversity. site is already covered under the green belt. Further impacts due to the expansion activities can be mitigated through effective and additional plantation with variety of species in the existing site, earmarked proposed sites. Its existing project and it’s already cleared the soil.

RECOMMENDATION Overall 17 plants species have been suggested to grow in and around the plant area and earmarked locations S. No. Species Name Local Name Species Characters Location 1 2 3 4 1. Albizzia lebbek Shiris WT * * * 2. Annona squamosa. Amrood CT, FT, ST * * 3. Azadirachta indica Neem CT, MT * * * * 4. Cassia fistula Amaltash MT,LT * * 5. Dalbergia sissoo Sisam WT, ST * * * * 6. Pongamia pinnata Karanj MT, CT * * 7. Emblica officinalis Ambla CT, ST, FT *

11 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

8. Ficus bengalensis Bad or Vad CT, LT, FT * * * 9. Ficus religiosa Pipal CT, LT, FT * * 10. Holoptelea integrifolia Churel WT, LT * * 11. Mangifera indica Aam CT, LT, FT * 12. Pithecolobium dulce Jungal Jalebi CT, MT * * * 13. Syzygium cumini Jamun WT, FT * * 14. Tamarindus indica Imli CT,MT, FT * 15. Terminalia arjuna Arjun WT, LT * * 16. Boganvelia spp. Boganvelia Sh * * * 17. Acacia nilotica Desi Babul WT, ST * * * LOCATIONS: 1-Boundries of existing plant; 2-Along the roads & office 3- plant residential area and 4- Open land within Plant area. Species Characters: SH=Shrub; WT sp= Wild Tree species; CT sp= Common Tree species; FT = Fruit Tree; ST = Small Tree; LT = Large Tree and MT = Medium Tree.

2. Emissions of NOx  Due to the proposed expansion  Greenbelt development and other gasses transportation of material with the programs with specific plant due to Burning of movement Vehicles will increase. species which can act as bio- diesel in Heavy vehicle movements in the filters can further reduce the transportation of plant side roads expected to increase level of pollutant vehicles. Dust concentration in the area. The concentration and also will surrounding agro-ecosystem will be improve the overall Ambient

effected air quality in and around the

project environment.

 It is proposed to include Neem (Azadirachta indica), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Pongamia glabra and Ficus recimosa in the plantation program as they serve as

12 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

sinks for emissions.

RECOMMENDATION S. No. Scientific Name Common & %of Location Local Name DC 1 2 3 4 1. Acacia nelotica Desi Babul 6.12 * * 2. Ficus bengalensis Bad or Vad 7.72 * * * * 3. Annona squamosa Amrood 12.09 * * 4. Mangifera indica Aam 12.25 * * 5. Thevetia peruviana (sh) Peeli Kaner 12.56 * * 6. Ipomoea carnea (sh) Beshram/Behaya 14.87 * * * 7. Hibiscus rosa- sinensis (Sh) Gurhal 21.09 * 8. Bougainvillea glavra (St) Bougainvillea 21.35 * 9. Ficus religiosa Peepal 12.94 * * * * 10. Syzygium cumini Jamun 14.39 * * 11. Citrus limon Nimboo 15.96 * 12. Delbergia sissoo Shisham 17.02 * * * 13. Delonix regia Gulmohar 18.05 * * 14. Moringa olieifera Sahajan 18.79 * * 15. Aegle marmelos Bel 18.9 * * 16. Pithecolobium dule Jungle Jalebi 19.21 * * 17. Cassia fistula Amaltash 23.03 * * * * 18. Butea monosperma Palas, Dhak 24.44 * * * * 19. Azadirachta indica Neem 25.54 * * * * 20. Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka 29.84 * * * * 21. Terminalia catalpa Desi Badam 30.12 * * 22. Terminalia arjuna Arjun 30.54 * * LOCATIONS: 1- Haul roads within the plant area, 2- Road which connecting plant and Residential colony, 3- Roads passing through nearest villages 4- Area around different offices and administration block.

13 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

Sh- shrub, St – Straggler. %DC – Percent of Dust Control efficiency

3. Impact of Noise on The main sources of noise in the The development of green belt faunal groups: manufacturing activities will be of around the noise polluting area is a equipment, machineries and vehicular useful measure in order to reduce Increase in noise movement associated. The standard noise pollution level (Aylor, 1972, level in the project prescribed by the Occupational Safety Tyagi, 2006). Different researchers area may affect the and Health Administration (OSHA) is90 have already studied the efficiency faunal groups in db not more than 8 hrs. Exposures for of green belt in the mitigation of term of their normal the worker However, no such conditions noise pollution (Rao et al., 2004, behaviors like; and any standard limitations have been Krag, 1979, Cook, 1977). The main feeding, resting and available For any animal group. mechanism associated in the breeding/ nesting However, intensive afforestation mitigation of noise level by the (Especially program with appropriate plant species plants. Some of the plant species avifauna). listed in below table perform vital can take care of this localized and short role as controller of noise pollution term disturbance in the long run.

14 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

RECOMMENDATION Total nine species are suggested which are able to controlling the noise pollution due to their thick and fleshy leaves and vibrating nature (Sexena 1991).

Table 4.9 : List of plant species to control Noise pollution and absorb gas (SO2 emission) S. No. Scientific Name Common & Performance Location Local Name CN OGE 1 2 1. Azadirachta indica Neem * + *+ *+ 2. Butea monosperma Palas * * 3. Diospyros melanoxylon Tendu * * 4. Ficus bengalensis Banyan, Vad * * * 5. Ficus religiosa Peepal * + *+ *+ 6. Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka * + + *+ 7. Terminalia catalpa Desi Badam * * * 8. Terminalia arjuna Arjun * + *+ + 9. Mangifera indica Aam * +

* CN –Control Noise level, OGE – Absorb Gas emission (+ SO2), LOCATIONS: 1- roads crossing villages, 2 All around the Parking of trucks (out side)

4. Impact due to 95% of pollunents enters a plant Some trees species are good in emissions of gasses through the routes of gaseous exchange. tolerance of gaseous emitting from So2 upsets the critical balance between existing plant. Ficus religiosa,

inorganic and organic sulphur in plant Polyalthia longifolia, Terminalia and affecting several processes. Due to arjuna and Mangifera indica tree NoX emission absorption by leaves it species were identified as species

react on cell wall to form HNo3 and due which are able to absorb gaseous to that discolored spots of gray-green or emissions. Apart this Emission of light brown color can seen visually. particulate matter and gaseous in

during operation phase are already Once Due to existing manufacturing unit controlling at source by using and proposed expansion gaseous particulate matter control and Accidental mortality emissions are produce in different gaseous emission control devises of faunal groups sources and therefore effect can see in as per CPCB guidelines to arrest the study area i.e. affects the growth of

15 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

vegetation by reducing of stomatal the gaseous emission due to activities. existing plant.

One of the likely impacts that would Faunal survey in the study area affect the animal species is road reported low abundance and mortality due to vehicle movements / species richness of all faunal transportation. Low abundance status of groups, therefore increasing mainly amphibians and mammals, the vehicle movements due to existing as well as proposed expansion and expected impact in the form of road kill transportation may not have high on these faunal groups may not be very impact. However the following high. implication will further reduce possibility of this type of impacts:

1. It is suggested to dugout 1m width and depth of trenches on either side of the roads which are under intensive use and these trenches can be connected with culverts at regular intervals (at 0.5 km distance) to facilitate lesser vertebrates to cross the road without any accidental kill. 2. The rain water stagnated in the trenches will also retain moisture level for longer period to support the road side plantation to gain faster growth rate. 3. Further it is suggested to put sign boards and provide strict instructions to the drivers to maintain speed limits of the

16 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

vehicles which will reduce the road mortality rate as well as spillage of raw material.

5 Impact to 4. Among faunal species, present 5. Due to expansion of project threatened floral survey reported Indian peafowl from habitat of peafowl will not be species buffer zone of the project area. This degraded. Conservation plan species may be affected due to for Indian peafowl is prepared habitat degradation and separately and incorporated fragmentation which will ultimately with This draft EIA report. have impact on population status. However; this species is very common and usually uses wide variety of habitat types like agriculture areas, orchards, and open fallow land including urban human dominated areas which are widely available in the study area and beyond it. RECOMMENDATION Species have been suggested by considering various biological and environmental roles of the various plant species like Dust Control, Noise Control, Absorptions of Gases, Drought resistance, Fire Resistance etc. Some flowering herbs and shrubs have been suggested to enhance aesthetic beauty of the project site area.

Table 4.10:Recommended Plant species for Plantation Plant Spices Common Name Ecological and Environmental Performances of Plant Species Trees Annona squamosa Amrud DC, DR, SR, FR Azadirachta indica Neem DC, NC, AG, DR, FR. Cassia fistula Amaltash DC, DR, FR. Delbergia sissoo Shisham DC, DR, FR. Delonix regia Gulmohar DC. Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka DC, NC, AG.

17 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

Source: Anon 2007, Saxena 1991, Anon 2006, Hocking, 1993.

DC- Dust Control, NC - Noise Control, AG – Absorptions of Gases, DR - Drought resistance, SR - Salinity resistance, FR - Fire Resistance

Shrubs Croton oblongifolius Croton To enhance aesthetic beauty/ DC* Tabernaemontana divaricata Chandni To enhance aesthetic beauty/ DC* Withania somnifera Ashwagandh To enhance aesthetic beauty/ DC* Herbs Tagetese minuta Genda To enhance aesthetic beauty/ DC* Chrysanthamum Crown Daisy To enhance aesthetic beauty/ DC* Rosa indica Rose To enhance aesthetic beauty/ DC* *Source: phytoremediation of particulate matter from ambient environment through dust capturing plant species, CPCB 2007.

It is worth mentioning that the direction of prevailing wind direction of the area in study period is usually coming from N to S carrying lots of dusty winds. Therefore the direction of prevailing winds has influence on the deposition of dust particles in the study area

The process of prediction of ecological impacts was based on straight forward approach of relating sources of stress, i.e. activities related to manufacturing unit and its ecological receptors, i.e. the floral and faunal components, identified in the project area.

18 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus)

1.0 INTRODUCTION This conservation plan is a planning document that ensures that the anticipated take of the listed species Peacock will be minimized or mitigated by conserving the habitat upon which the species depend, thereby contributing to the recovery of the species as a whole. The purpose of this plan is not only to protect this specie that have been listed as threatened or endangered, but also to conserve the ecosystems upon which these depends. This conservation plan for peacock has been formulated in consultation of the respective Forest Department

CLASSIFICATION KINGDOM Animalia SCIENTIFIC NAME Pavo cristatus PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Ave ORDER Galliformes FAMILY Phasianidae GENUS Pavo SPECIES cristatus

2.0 HABITAT, LIFE CYCLE AND DIET SIZE & HABITAT BODY 180 – 230 cm LENGTH WEIGHT 2,750 – 6,000 gm HABITAT In the undergrowth in deciduous forests near streams. Tall/ medium size trees for roosting Semi-feral in villages and fields.

19 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

Size of the male tail feathers, its coloration, and numbers of “eyes” present, determine the dominance of the male in peacock hierarchy. The females are believed to be attracted towards the male with longest and most colorful tail feathers.

3.0 BEHAVIOR Peacocks are gregarious by nature. In the breeding season they are usually seen in small parties of one male with three to five females, whereas in the non breeding season they remain in separate parties of adult males and females with juveniles. Peacocks roost in tall trees and emerge from the dense thickets to feed in fields and openings in forests and fields.

Reproduction & life cycle CALL kee -ow, kee-ow, kee-ow, ka-an, ka-an, ka-an, kok-kok, kok-kok, cain-kok BREEDING July -September NEST SITE On ground in undergrowth (wild) On buildings by semi-feral birds in villages CLUTCH 4 to 6 SIZE INCUBATION 28 days.

4.0 DIET Peacocks are ground-feeders. Indian Peafowl do most of their foraging early in the morning, and shortly before sunset. They retreat to the shade and security of the trees for the hottest portion of the day. Peacocks are omnivorous and eat not only creatures like ticks, termites, ants, locusts, mice, scorpions, reptiles, worms and frogs, but also the green shoots of plants, flower petals, seed heads, vegetables, grass, wheat, cracked corn, rice, etc. In fact they will eat almost anything reasonable that they can get their beaks.

5.0 CONSERVATION AND RELATIONSHIP WITH MAN The great beauty and popularity of the Indian Peafowl has ensured its protection throughout most of its native ranges. It is the national bird of India. The peafowl is prominent in the mythology and folklore of the Indian people. The Hindus consider the bird to be sacred because of its association with Lord Krishna who used to wear its feather as crown (Mormukut). It is also associated with the God Kartikeya, son of the Lord Shiva and Parvati and brother of Lord Ganesh. It is “vaahan” (transport) of Lord Kartikeya. This 20 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

long and close association with humans has proven the peafowl’s adaptability to human-altered landscapes. In villages where it is protected it becomes quite tame, but is very shy and secretive where hunted.

CONSERVATION STATUS

IUCN Others

WL(P)Act Schedule I

CITES Not listed

Extinct Threatened least concern

EX EW CR EN VU NT LC

6.0 PERCEIVED THREATS

Threats to the peacocks in the area are:-  Habitat loss, specially the shortage of tall trees in and around the project for roosting and for providing shade during hot summer months  Shortage of drinking water for the birds, during the hot summer days  Illegal hunting by some persons.  The Indian Peafowl is under threat from various quarters that include the demand for feathers and wild meat. An adult peacock has about 200 tail feathers, which it sheds from August onwards; fully-developed new feathers appear in February (Sharma 1974; Ali & Ripley 1980). The fallen feathers are collected and sold in local markets and the birds are also reportedly killed to increase revenue return.  Conflict with farmers during cropping season, increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

21 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

 Poisoning to counter crop damage, consumption of eggs and fat extracts for alleged medicinal values, and killing for wild meat (Del Hoyo et al. 1994; Chakkaravarthy 2002). Peacock conservation plan has to address these threats.

7.0 CONSERVATION MEASURES NEEDED In view of the above threats to the peacocks in the area the measures needed for their conservation in the area were discussed with the officers of Forest and Wildlife Department. Written suggestions of the Forests and Wildlife Department for conservation of the peacocks in the buffer areas were also obtained. Accordingly it is proposed to take the following conservation measures in the buffer area of the project.

i Increase in tree cover Increasing the tree cover in the buffer area for shelter and roosting of peacocks. This will be achieved by planting of tree groves (a group of trees that grow close together, generally without many bushes or other plants) in core zone and in buffer area. Some local species such as Neem, Amaltash, Ardu, Sheesham, Dhak, Ber, Peepal tree etc. will be planted. Planting of tree groves in school compounds in the villages of buffers area will be planted as per the plantation programme. In the premises (core zone) company also developed the habitation for peafowl with tree, grass and shrubs between the trees to attract the peafowl.

ii Publicity For generating public awareness for conservation of Peacocks in the area a) Amongst cultivators to avoid using chemically treated crop seeds. b) Generating awareness in school children by organizing competitions during Wildlife Week and Van Mahotsavas celebrations.

22 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

iii Strengthening of anti-poaching measures. Giving cash rewards to the people/ informers who provide information about the poaching of peacocks and get the poachers arrested.

5.0 DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED CONSERVATION MEASURES For increasing the tree cover it is proposed to:- A. The farmers in the buffer area will be motivated to plant fruit and local species of trees on the boundaries of their agricultural fields and near their homes etc. Benefits of planting these trees would be explained to them by distribution of printed pamphlets or posters designed for the purpose. Cash awards of Rs.2, 000/- is proposed to be given to those farmers who are able to maintain and grow at least eight out of ten plants supplied to them for five years, provided these plants have attained a height of ten feet and have a proportionately developed girth and crown. Ten such farmers will be rewarded each year. Selection of the farmers for cash awards each year will be done jointly by the project proponent and money for the awards will be provided by project proponent.

B. The school campuses existing in the buffer zone are proposed to be developed as roosting places for peacocks by planting trees. Plants will be planted each year in the selected schools of the buffer area. The planting work will be done by the active participation of school children during Van Mahotsava, national festivals. The estimated cost of planting including the transport of plants, digging of pits, planting of seedlings, watering etc. will be around Rs. 300/- per sapling. The children of the schools will be motivated to look after the plants later on. To induce a spirit of competition in protection and development of these plants, the school having the best maintained plants/trees in the third year of the planting would be given a trophy and a cash prize of Rs 5,000/- by the Company.

C. Wide publicity for the conservation of peacocks would be done in the surrounding villages and schools of the area. This would include distribution of pamphlets and posters for peacock protection, and generating awareness in masses for making drinking water available to peacocks and other birds by hanging earthen pots under trees and filling them with water. Following further activities are proposed to be undertaken for publicity purposes:-

23 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

 As suggested by the Forest Department the Wildlife Week and “Van Mahotsavas” would be annually organised in the schools of the buffer area. These will be organised by the school teachers in respective schools. Programmes like debate competitions, essay writing, and painting competitions, etc. could be organised. Prizes worth Rs. 5,000/- will be distributed to the students in each school. These prizes will be distributed in the schools for five years.

 Publishing and distributing posters/ pamphlets in the buffer area, urging the cultivators to protect their fields from peacocks feeding on their chemically treated seeds.

 Occasionally some people indulge in poaching of peacocks for its meat and feathers. To curb this occasional poaching it is proposed to give a cash reward of Rs. 5,000/- to anyone who would help the forest department in apprehending and prosecution such poacher. With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives the government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The act was amended in January 2003 and punishment for offences under the Act has been made more stringent.

 Peacocks roam freely in the wild, taking cover up in the trees at night to sleep and avoid predators. A peacock that has access to water, food and shelter will not leave its immediate area. Peafowl are familiar with villagers and their family members.

 These birds are sometimes kept as companion animals. The males are brightly colored and the females are monotone. Peacocks like peace and harmony, and can become stressed if they don’t have it. They also need companionship, and can become depressed – even heartbroken – if obliged to live alone

24 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

6.0 BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR PEACOCK In addition to development, following activities will be also implemented. Budget for the conservation of peacock is given below:- Year wise budgetary provision in Lakhs S.No Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total 1 Construction of five small tree groves in a different habitation area with planting of 200 sapling of Neem, Siris, Ardu, Bad, Pipal and suitable shady 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 ------3.0 trees in each grove and creation of meadows(Grass land) @Rs.300 per plant( one grove per year for five years) 2 Construction of small water holes, creation of salt licks in each grove and watering facilities & maintaining the 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 5.0 water quality in each grove. (Rs. 50,000/- per year for 10 years) 3 Maintenance of 200 Plants including causality replacement (20% of total 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 4.0 plants species) @Rs.200 per plant per year. 4 Awareness programme (Minimum 2 camps per year for organizing play, Posters and question 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 5.0 competitions, brochures for conservation of peafowl (Rs. 50,000 per year for 10 years) 5 The farmers in the buffer 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 2.0

25 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

area will be motivated to plant fruit and local species of trees on the boundaries of their agriculture fields and near by their houses 6 Providing of One rescue vehicle for needful wildlife ( First year 5.0 lakh for 5.0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 7.30 purchasing and next rest 9 years company will provide maintenance for the same 7 Help for Rescue with veterinary medicine, required equipment. Also provide fund for the 1.0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 2.80 veterinary essential required medicine for 10 years. Total Rupees Twenty Nine lacs & Ten Thousand only 29.10 Note:-  Suggested villages and government schools of buffer zone for plantation and development of groove i.e. Samakhiali, Near Gorasar Talav, Lakhpat, Vondh near Talab, Near Amliyara Nadi  Provision for regular monitoring and evaluation of implementation of conservation plan.  Provision for modification of conservation plan if need arises.

7.0 SUGGESTED PLANT SPECIES FOR DEVELOPING HABITATION Some plant species should be prorogate for attract the bird and developing of habitation in the study area as follows:-

Trees suggested for Peacock and other birds S.No. Common Name Binominal Name Family 1 Gulmohar Delonix regia Fabaceae 2 Aam Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 3 Jamun Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae 4 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae

26 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

Trees suggested for Peacock and other birds S.No. Common Name Binominal Name Family 5 Karanj Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae

6 Kadam Anthocephalus cadamba Rubiaceae

7 Aanvla Indian goosberry Phyllanthus emblica Phyllanthaceae 8 Peacock flower Caesalpinia pulcherrima Fabaceae

9 peacock plant Calathea makoyana Marantaceae

10 Arjun Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae

11 Sitaphal Annona squamosa Annonaceae 12 Amaltas Cassia fistula Fabaceae 13 Banyan tree Ficus benghalensis Moraceae 14 Pipal ficusreligiosa Moraceae 15 Ashok Polyalthia longifolia Fabaceae Shrubs and Creepers

1 Bougainvillea Bougainvillea glabra Nyctaginaceae 2 Ber Ziziphussppecies Rhamnaceae

3 Marigold Tagetes erecta Asteraceae 4 Gudhal Hibiscus rosasinesis Malvaceae 5 Fire brush Hamelia patens Rubiaceae 6 Kaner Nerium oleander Apocynaceae 7 Tulip heart Tradescantia pallida Commelianaceae 8 Champa/Frangipani Plumeria,magnoliachampa Apocynaceae

9 Raimuniya/Lantana bush Lantana camara Verbenaceae

10 Curry tree/ Kaddipatta Murraya koenigii Rutaceae

Limitation, Exclusion & Recommendation  National and International assessment of threatened taxa is restricted to well known groups, e.g. mammals, birds and plants.  Assessment of project actions and their impacts have been done in isolation. Unforeseen cumulative impacts resulting from similar project in the region may therefore occur.

27 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

 Due to these limitations it has been necessary to adopt a precautionary approach when assessing faunal & floral distributions and potential project impacts.  It is possible that threatened or sensitive species known to occur at site areas may be present. Confirmation of the presence of these species must be brought to the attention of local conservation authorities so that suitable action can be taken.  During clearance; trees important for frugivorous birds (Shrikes, pigeons, Munia, barbets, & others.) where possible, protected.  Environmental education of local communities will highlight the impacts (including both positive & negative as well) resulting from industry.  It is recommended to plant more trees of local habitat, rather than new.

************************

28 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This conservation plan is a planning document that ensures that the anticipated take of the listed species painted stork will be minimized or mitigated by conserving the habitat upon which the species depend, thereby contributing to the recovery of the species as a whole. The purpose of this plan is not only to protect this specie that have been listed as threatened or endangered, but also to conserve the ecosystems upon which these depends. This conservation plan for Mycteria leucocephala has been formulated in consultation of the respective Forest Department

CLASSIFICATION Kingdom Animalia Scientific Name Mycteria leucocephala Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Ciconiiformes Family Ciconiidae Genus Mycteria Species leucocephala

29 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

2.0 RANGE DESCRIPTION IN THE STUDY AREA:

Among the sighted fauna, Painted Storks (Mycteria leucocephala) are recorded near shallow water bodies, trees near water bodies of following locations:-

Table: Location of Painted Storks (Mycteria leucocephala) Species Habitat Location Coordinates Distance nearest from project village in Kms Painted Stork Shallow water Jangi 23°13'23.84"N 11.55, SE (Mycteria bodies, 70°33'49.15"E leucocephala) Trees near Amliyara 23°14'57.73"N 6.55 , S water bodies 70°29'26.39"E Vondh 23°18'5.17"N 8.74, WSW 70°24'39.59"E

Water Bodies Recorded in the study area S. No. Particulars Distance (Km) Direction (From Project Boundary) Water Bodies 1. Kara Vokra 7.60 WSW 2. Gupt Nadi 4.50 SW 3. Amliyara Nadi 8.15 S 4. Vango Nadi 10.45 SE 5. Khari River 9.82 E 6. Pipla Talav 6.06 E 7. Babudi Nadi 13.50 E 8. Adhoi Nadi 2.80 N 9. Gorasar Talav 4.50 SSE

30 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

Fig: 1 RANGE DESCRIPTION OF PAINTED STORK IN THE STUDY AREA

Fig: 1 STUDY AREA

31 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

3.0 HABITAT, LIFE CYCLE AND DIET

SIZE & HABITAT Medium-sized, standing about 93–102 cm (36.5–40 in) tall, 150–160 cm Body length (59–63 in) in wingspan. Males and females appear alike but the males of a pair are usually larger than the female. Weight 2–3.5 kg (4.4–7.7 lb). It frequents freshwater marshes, lakes and reservoirs, flooded fields, rice Habitat paddies, irrigation canals, freshwater swamp forest, river banks, intertidal mudflats and saltpans.

4.0 BEHAVIOR

Painted storks are voiceless and the only sound they produce bill-clattering at the nest. Like all birds, they perceive their environment through visual, auditory, tactile, and chemical stimuli. Painted storks are colonial tree nesting birds, nesting in 5 to 6 trees with often 70 to 100 nests. The New World mesquites trees (Prosopis juliflora) are chiefly utilized by painted Painted storks are a monogamous species. Little is known about mate selection however, there is evidence that females prefer to mate with relatively large males.

Painted storks are colonial nesters and can often be found in large flocks of up to two hundred individuals. Flock sizes tend not to alter seasonally in this species. Painted storks forage in groups ranging from 1 to 18 individuals at a time. They are generally non-migratory and thus most stay in the same area. These birds often nest with other water birds such as herons and egrets. They are also often seen soaring in thermals with other stork-like birds. (Ali and Ripley, 1968; Grewal, et al., 2002; Kalam and Urfi, 2007; Sundar, 2006; Ali and Ripley, 1968; Grewal, et al., 2002; Kalam and Urfi, 2007; Sundar, 2006)

32 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

Communication and Perception Painted storks are voiceless and the only sound they produce bill-clattering at the nest. Like all birds, they perceive their environment through visual, auditory, tactile, and chemical stimuli. (Grewal, et al., 2002)

Reproduction & life cycle Life expectancy 28 years maximum Breeding interval: Painted storks breed once a year. Range eggs per season 3 to 4.

Average time to hatching 30 days.

Average fledging age 60 days.

5.0 DIET Painted storks have been known to feed on fish, insects, crustaceans, amphibians and reptiles. Painted storks have been known to feed on fish, insects, crustaceans, amphibians and reptiles. Painted storks in the Delhi region have been observed to be largely piscivorous. In order to catch their prey, storks employ a mode of foraging known as tactile foraging. Tactile foraging involves a bird holding its open beak underwater and waiting for movement near the bill before clamping shut on the prey. Foraging group size ranges from 1 to 18 individuals. Nestlings are fed by adults via regurgitation. (Kahl, 1987; Kalam and Urfi, 2007)

6.0 CONSERVATION AND RELATIONSHIP WITH MAN

Painted storks have been classified as near threatened by the IUCN Red list of Threatened species and their population continues to decline throughout southern and southeast China. In recent years they have faced local extirpation in southern China where they are often confronted with local exploitation. Intensification of agriculture and commercial fish farms are contributing to loss of habitat and food resources. Wetland preservation is an important factor in sustaining

33 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

populations in developing agricultural regions to maintain adequate feeding grounds as well as nesting colonies. (Kalam and Urfi, 2007; Khan, 1987; Luthin, 1987; Sundar, 2006)

CONSERVATION STATUS

Extinct Threatened least concern

EX EW CR EN VU N LC

7.0 PERCEIVED THREATS

 Habitat loss, specially the shortage of tall trees in and around the project for roosting and for providing shade during hot summer months

 The painted stork is considered to be threatened as the result of hunting, habitat destruction and agricultural pollution, which degrades its foraging habitat

 Its meat is traded in local markets and its nesting trees, such as tamarind trees, are felled for agriculture and fuel.

 It has also been noted that disturbance from human activities has caused the painted stork to flee from feeding and breeding area

 Trees used by the birds during the breeding season were found to be destroyed some times

34 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

8.0 CONSERVATION MEASURES NEEDED

In view of the above threats to the Painted stork in the area the measures needed for their conservation in the area were discussed with the officers of Forest and Wildlife Department. The primary focus for future conservation efforts for the painted stork is to preserve wetlands in agricultural areas, by encouraging farming systems that create, rather than destroy, suitable feeding grounds for this species. It has also been recommended that awareness campaigns should be carried out, to encourage local people to take pride in the painted stork and other large water birds and to deter hunting. This species may also need greater legal protection, and its nesting colonies require greater protection from disturbance.

Accordingly it is proposed to take the following conservation measures in the buffer area of the project.

DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED CONSERVATION MEASURES

A. Increasing the tree cover in the buffer area for shelter and nesting of stork. This will be achieved by planting of tree groves (a group of trees that grow close together, generally without many bushes or other plants) in buffer area. Some local species such as Neem, Amaltash, Ardu, Sheesham, Ber, Peepal tree etc. will be planted. Planting of tree groves in water bodies in the villages of buffers area will be planted as per the plantation programme. The planting work will be done by the active participation of school children during Van Mahotsava, national festivals. The estimated cost of planting including the transport of plants, digging of pits, planting of seedlings, watering etc. will be around Rs. 300/- per sapling

B. As suggested by the Forest Department the Wildlife Week and “Van Mahotsavas” would be annually organised in the schools of the buffer area. These will be organised by the school teachers in respective schools. Programmes like debate competitions, essay writing, and painting competitions, etc. could be organised. Prizes worth Rs. 5,000/- will be distributed to the students in each school. These prizes will be distributed in the schools for ten years.

35 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

 Publishing and distributing posters/ pamphlets in the buffer area, urging the cultivators to protect nesting in their areas.

C. Strengthening of anti-poaching measures.

 Giving cash rewards to the people/ informers who provide information about the poaching of painted stork and get the poachers arrested.

 Occasionally some people indulge in poaching for its meat and feathers. To curb this occasional poaching it is proposed to give a cash reward of Rs. 5,000/- to anyone who would help the forest department in apprehending and prosecution such poacher. With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives the government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The act was amended in January 2003 and punishment for offences under the Act has been made more stringent.

36 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

9.0 BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR PAINTED STORK In addition to development, following activities will be also implemented. Budget for the conservation of Painted stork is given below:- Year wise budgetary provision in Lakhs S.No Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total 1 Construction of small tree groves at all around the different water bodies present in the study area with planting of 200 sapling of Neem, Siris, Ardu, Bad, 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 ------3.0 Pipal and suitable shady trees in each grove. @Rs.300 per plant (one grove per year for five years) 2 Maintenance of 200 Plants including causality replacement (20% of total 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 3.00 plants species) @Rs.150 per plant per year. 4 Awareness programme (Minimum 2 camps per year for organizing play, Posters and question competitions, brochures for conservation of Painted stork and 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 5.00 farmers in the buffer area will be motivated to care & aware the nesting of stork in the area(Rs. 50,000 per year for 10 years) Total Rupees Eleven Lakhs only 11.00 Note:-  Provision for modification of conservation plan if need arises.  Following water bodies are selected for plantation at : Gorasar, Adhoi, Vondh, Jangi and Amiliyara

37 | P a g e

CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) AND PAINTED STORK (Mycteria leucocephala)

7.0 SUGGESTED PLANT SPECIES FOR DEVELOPING HABITATION Some plant species should be prorogate for attract the bird and developing of habitation in the study area as follows:-

Trees suggested for Painted stork and other birds S.No. Common Name Binominal Name Family 1 Gulmohar Delonix regia Fabaceae 2 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 3 Karanj Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae 4 Amaltas Cassia fistula Fabaceae 5 Desi Babool Acacia nilotica Fabaceae 6 Khejari Prosopis cineraria Fabaceae 7 Jhal Salvadora oleiodes Salvadoraceae 8 Banyan tree Ficus benghalensis Moraceae 9 Pipal ficusreligiosa Moraceae 10 Ashok Polyalthia longifolia Fabaceae

11 Arjun Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae

12 Ardu Ailanthus excelsa Simaroubaceae Shrubs

1 Bougainvillea Bougainvillea glabra Nyctaginaceae 2 Ber Ziziphussppecies Rhamnaceae 3 Gudhal Hibiscus rosasinesis Malvaceae 4 Kaner Nerium oleander Apocynaceae 5 Champa/Frangipani Plumeria,magnoliachampa Apocynaceae

6 Morning glories Ipomea spp. Convolvulaceae

************************

38 | P a g e