DOCSLIB.ORG

Mycteria Cinerea Milky Stork

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

WILDLIFE MONITORING AT PREK TOAL RAMSAR SITE, TONLE SAP GREAT LAKE 2013 and 2014 December 2015 Sun Visal and Simon Mahood, Suggested Citation: Sun Visal and Mahood, S. (2015) Wildlife Monitoring at Prek Toal Ramsar Site, Tonle Sap Great Lake, 2013 and 2014. Wildlife Conservation Society, Cambodia Program, Phnom Penh. Sun Visal and Mahood, S. (2015) Wildlife Monitoring at Prek Toal Ramsar Site, Tonle Sap Great Lake, 2013 and 2014 . Wildlife Conservation Society, Cambodia Program, Phnom Penh. Sun Visal Mobile: (855-12) 708 836 E-mail: [email protected] Simon Mahood Mobile: (855-89) 519 936 E-mail:[email protected] Design and Print by Sot Sorphorn Khmer Design Group #168H, St. 45BT, Boeung Tompun, Meanchey, Phnom Penh (855) 012 618 771 / 086 858 575 [email protected] Facebook: Khmer Design Group www.khmerdesigngroup.co Copies Availablo from: Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Cambodia Program, #21, Street 21, Tonle Bassac, PO . Box 1620 Phnom Penh Tel/Fax: 023 217 205 Email: [email protected] www.wcs.org 2015 Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank H. E. Say Samal, the Minister of Environment for his commitment to wetland conservation on the Tonle Sap Great Lake, and in particular Prek Toal Core Area. We also thank H. E. Chay Samith, Delegate of the Royal Government of Cambodia in charge of the General Department of Administration for Nature Conservation and Protection (GDANCP) of the Ministry of Environment (MoE), Dr. Srey Sunleang the Director of the Department of Fresh- water Wetland Conservation (DoFWC) and Mr. Long Kheng the Director of Prek Toal Core Area. Mr. Long Kheng and all of the conservation rangers are to be credited with the management and protection of the wildlife at Prek Toal, which has led to the increase in the populations of large waterbirds documented here. During the reporting period the project was funded by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF), USAID through a subcontract from Fintrac, Fixed Price Subcontract # 25 between Fintrac, Inc. and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) for work to be performed under: Helping Address Rural Vulnerabilities and Ecosystem STability Recovery Program (Cambodia HARVEST) (under Prime Contract #AID-442-C-11-00001), a grant from the Margaret A. Cargill Foundation, as well as an anonymous foundation. We wish to thank all of our supporters past and present for their financial support to the project. Photographs are credited to Eleanor Briggs, Sun Visal, Ashish John and Simon Mahood. Table of CONTENTS 1 Executive Summary 3 ខ䮛ឹម羶រសង䮁េប 5 Introduction 9 Success despite changing conditions 13 Impact of cancellation of the fishing lot in 2012 15 Number and locations of waterbird colonies 19 Timing of peak waterbird counts 20 Trends in timing of peak counts 21 Greater Adjutant Leptoptilos dubius 25 Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus 27 Painted Stork Mycteria Leucocephala 29 Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea 31 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans 35 Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis 39 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster 43 Grey-headed Fish Eagle Ichthyophaga icthyaetus 47 Masked Finfoot Heliopais personata 48 Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia epicopus 49 Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhychus asiaticus 51 Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus 53 Hairy-nosed Otter Lutra sumatrana 53 Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata 57 Small Carnivores 59 Germain’s Silvered Langur Trachypithecus germaini 61 Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis 63 Future opportunities 65 References 67 Appendix 1. Monitoring methods 73 Appendix 2. Sightings of otter species at Prek Toal in 2013 and 2014. 74 Appendix 3. Germain’s Silvered Langur sightings at Prek Toal in 2013 and 2014 75 Appendix 4. Long-tailed Macaque sightings at Prek Toal in 2013 and 2014 Executive SUMMARY Prek Toal Core Area is the premier freshwater wetland site on the Tonle Sap Great Lake. In recognition of the incredible biological, social and economic value of the resources that it supports, it was designated a Ramsar Site by Sub-decree in October 2015. WCS have provided financial and technical support to the Ministry of Environment to manage Prek Toal for more than one decade. This report showcases the success of that collaboration. The report documents the status and trends of large waterbirds and globally threatened mammals in Prek Toal during the 2012/13 and 2013/14. The period covered by this report was one of massive institutional change at Prek Toal. The fishing lot that overlapped completely with the core area, and had been there for many years, was cancelled in 2012. This brought a sharp increase in illegal activity within the core area, and an increase in disturbance to the waterbird colony. Extra protection measures were required, and these were developed during 2012/13 and rolled out completely during 2013/14. Platform-based waterbird monitoring provides an indicator of the impacts of the increased threat level, and the conservation response. During 2013 the number of breeding pairs of a range of waterbird species declined significantly. However, for almost all species, numbers recovered to or above their pre-2012 levels. Numbers of Lesser Adjutants increased dramatically during 2014 to al- 1 most 400 breeding pairs, although the Greater Adjutant population remained around 150 pairs. Painted and Milky Stork numbers dropped in 2013, making only a small recovery in 2014. However, although numbers of Spot-billed Pelican and Asian Openbill were very low in 2013, the following year was a record year for both species. Oriental Darters followed a similar pattern to the pelicans. A range of other bird species was recorded, including Masked Finfoot. Monitoring of primates indicated that populations are recovering, with mean group size for Silvered Langur and Long-tailed Macaque increasing annually. Particularly exciting was the upsurge in otter sightings. Camera trapping confirmed that both Hairy-nosed and Smooth-coated Otter occur throughout the core area in good numbers, as a result of protection of the bird colony and dry-season streams. 2 ខ䮛ឹម羶រសង䮁េប តំបន់ស䮓ូលពេេក䞶ល់ គឺᾶតំបន់ដីសើមទឹក羶បសំ޶ន់បំផុតនេបឹងទន䮛េ羶ប ដេល掶នζរទទួល 羶䮂េល់䎶ᾶធន䮶នដេល掶នតំលេ ផ䮓េកជីវចមេុះ សង䮂ម និងសេដ䮋កិច䮅 ដេលមិន讶ចζត់ថ䮛េាន ហើយតំបន់ស䮓ូលពក䞶ល់នេះត្រ េូវានកំណត់䟅ᾶតំបន់រ៉ម羶រេ ដលᾶតំបន់ដីសើម掶ន羶រៈេ សំ޶ន់ᾶអន䮏រᾶតិ ⯄យអនុកេឹតេយζលពីខេតុ澶 ឆ䮓េំ២០១៥។ អង䮂ζរស掶គមអភិរកេសសត䮜ពេេ (WCS) ានផ䮏ល់នូវζរគោំទេផ䮓េកហិរញ䮉វត䮐ុ និងបចេ䮅កទេស ដល់កេសួងបរិ羶䮐េន ដើមេបីគេប់គេង តំបន់ពេេក䞶ល់នេះ អស់រយៈពេលᾶងមួយទសេសវតេសមកហើយ ហើយរាយζរណ៍នេះាន បង䮠េញពី徶ពῄគជ័យ នេកិច䮅សហបេតិបត䮏ិζរណ៍ដេលានធ䮜ើឡើង侶ពេលកន䮛ងមក។ រាយ ζរណ៌នេះផងដេរᾶឯក羶រស䮏ីពី羶䮐េន徶ព និងបមេេបមេួលចំនួន នេបេភេទសត䮜羶䮛េបទឹកធំៗ និង 羶䮐េន徶ពថនិកសត䮜ដេលᾶបេភេទទទួលរងζរគំរមកំហេងលើពិភព濄ក កំពុង掶នវត䮏掶នក䮓ុង តំបន់ស䮓ូលពេេក䞶ល់ក䮓ុងកំឡុងឆ䮓េំ ២០១២-១៣ និង២០១៣-១៤។ ក䮓ុងកំឡុងពេលនរេ ាយζរណ៍នេះᾶពេលដល掶នζរផ䮛េ ស់ប䮏ូរយ៉េ ងេ ޶ង䮛េំ ៅក䮓ុងតំបន់ព្រែកល់។ ឡូត�នេ羶ទដេលតេួតគ䮓េ䞶ំងសេុង ᾶមួយតំបន់ស䮓ូល ហើយដេល掶នៅទី俄ះអស់រយៈពេល ᾶចេើនឆ䮓េំកន䮛ងមកហើយ俄ះ តេូវានលប់ោលζលពីឆ䮓េំ២០១២។ 䞶ំងនេះហើយ侶ំោយ 掶នζរកើនឡើងយ៉ងេ ޶䮛េំងនូវសកម្មភ徶ពខុសច厶ប់ក䮓ុងតំបន់ស䮓ូលេ និង掶នζរកើនឡើងនូវζររំ޶ន ដល់ប侶䮑េយពងកូនសត䮜羶䮛េបទឹក។ ហេតុដូចនេះហើយាំាច់តេូវ掶នវិ䮶នζរបន䮐េមដើមេបីζរ家រ ោយានបេសើរ ហើយវិ䮶នζរ䞶ំង俄ះតេូវានរៀបចំឡើងៅឆ䮓េំ ២០១២/១៣ និងានអនុវត䮏 䞶ំងសេុងៅឆ䮓េំ ២០១៣/១៤។ ζរអង䮀េតាម⮶នសត䮜羶䮛េបទឹកៅាមប侶䮑េយពងកូនᾶសូច䮅侶ករ បង䮠េញពីផលប៉ះ家ល់⯄យ羶 ζរកើនឡើងនូវζរគំរមកំហេង និងាំាច់តេូវធ䮜ើζរទប់羶䮀េត់ ជោបន�ោន់ាមរយៈζរអភិរកេស។ ៅក䮓ុងឆ䮓េំ២០១៣ ចំនួនសត䮜羶䮛េបទឹកសំ޶ន់ៗគេប់បេភេទ䞶ំងអស់ ានថយចុះគួរោយកត់ ស掶䮂េល់។ ប៉ុន䮏េ䟄ះᾶយ៉េង㮶ក៏⯄យស�ើរតេគេប់បេភេទ䞶ំងអស់ ចំនួនរបស់玶掶នζរកើន ឡើងវិញ ដេលបេភេទមួយចំនួន掶នចំនួនស្មភើរ និងមួយចំនួនទៀត掶នចំនួនលើសនឹងចំនួនសត䮜 ζលពីឆ䮓េំ២០១២។ ចំនួនសត䮜បេភេទតេដក់តូច 掶នζរកើនឡើង޶䮛េំងៅឆ䮓េំ២០១៤ ដេល掶នចំនួន ជិតដល់ ៤០០គូ រឺឯបេភេទតេដក់ធំៅតេ掶នចំនួន ១៥០គូដដេល។ ចំនួនសត䮜បេភេទរ侶លពណ៍ 3 និងរ侶លស 掶នζរថយចុះៅរដូវបន䮏ពូជឆ䮓េំ២០១៣ ហើយានកើនឡើងវិញតិចតួចៅឆ䮓េំ២០១៤។ 䟄ះᾶយ៉េង㮶ក៏⯄យ បេភេទទុងបេផេះ និងចេង��លខេយង 掶នចំនួនតិចៅឆ䮓េំ២០១៣ ហើយៅឆ䮓េំ ប侶䮑េប់ចំនួននេបេភេទ䞶ំងពីនេះ ានកើនឡើងវិញគួោយកត់ស掶䮂េល់។ ចំណេកឯបមេេបមេួលចំនួន សត䮜បេភេទស䮘េញ 掶នលក䮁ណៈបេាក់បេហេលនឹងបេភេទទុងបេផេះដេរ។ បេភេទសត䮜羶䮛េបទឹក សំ޶ន់ៗមួយចំនួនទៀត ដល掶នវតេ ្តនៅក䮓ុងតំបន់ តវេូ ានធ䮜ើករកត់តផងដ្រ ររួម䞶ំងបេ ភេទសត䮜េ ពពូលទឹក។ ζរអង䮀េតាម⮶នពពួកអំបូរ家ននរ ានបង䮠េញោយឃើញ䎶 ពួក玶掶នចំនួនចេើនឡើងវិញ ដេល ទំហំកេុមបេភេទ羶䮜េពេេម និង羶䮜េζ䮏េម 掶នζរកើនឡើងᾶរងរល់ឆ䮓េំ។ ពិសេសᾶងនេះទៀត俄ះគឺ ζរកត់តេេនូវវត䮏掶នពពួកថន�កសត䮜បេភេទភេៅក䮓ុងតំបន់ ⯄យានធ䮜ើζរបញ䮇េក់ាមរយៈζរ⮶ក់ 掶៉េសុីនថតស䮜័យបេវត䮏 ដេលានរកឃើញ掶នវត䮏掶នភេពីរបេភេទគឺ ភេ毄មចេមុះ និងភេខ䮛ួនរ濄ង ដេល掶នវត䮏掶នទូ䞶ំងតំបន់ស䮓ូល និង掶នចំនួនចេើន ដេលᾶលទ䮒ផលានមកពីζζរ家រប侶䮑េយ ពងកូនសត䮜羶䮛េប និងζរζរ家រពេេកសំ޶ន់ៗៅក䮓ុងតំបន់ស䮓ូលៅរដូវបេេំង។ 4 IntroductionIntroduction The Tonle Sap Great Lake in central Cambodia is the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. It is one of the most productive freshwater ecosystems in the world and is extremely important for Cambodian people as a source of food and income. Its unique cultural, social and environmental values were recognized by its designation as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1997. Prek Toal, the most important of three core areas, is the last significant breeding stronghold in mainland South-east Asia for many globally threatened and near-threatened large waterbird species. The Prek Toal bird colonies are the only remaining breeding sites in mainland South-east Asia for two Globally Threatened species, Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis and Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea. They are also the largest remaining breeding site in the region for six more globally threatened or near-threatened species, namely the Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster, Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilus javanicus, Greater Adjutant Leptoptilus dubius, Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus, Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala and Grey-headed Fish Eagle Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus. For these reasons Prek Toal Core Area was designated as a Ramsar Site in 2015. 5 6 The conservation significance of these activities and to monitor the success of colonies led the Prek Toal Core Area to be ongoing conservation and protection selected for the creation of a comprehensive strategies.
Recommended publications
  • NEW BIRDS in the PHILATELIC AVIARY Charles E. Braun

    NEW BIRDS in the PHILATELIC AVIARY Charles E. Braun

    NEW BIRDS IN THE PHILATELIC AVIARY Charles E. Braun, BU1364 New Species HENDERSON PETREL, Pterodoma atrata Procellariidae Pitcairn, 2011, not yet cataloged, $1.50 Length: 35 inches, sexes alike, marine. Uniform grayish brown with a pale spot above the eye. Habitat: Breeds in subtropical scrub. Range: Breeds on Henderson atoll, Pitcairn. Reference: Brooke, M, Albatrosses and Petrels across the World. Not in the Handbook of the Birds of the World. MASKED FINFOOT, Heliopais personatus Heliornithidae Bangladesh, 2011, not yet cataloged, 10t Length: 17 to 22 inches, resident. The male (shown on the stamp) is brown above and pale below with a white-bordered black face and throat. The female has white patches on the chin, throat and forehead. Habitat: Well-vegetated wetlands. Range: Northeastern India to Vietnam and Sumatra. Reference: del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott, and J. Sargatal, Eds. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 3. BUFF-STREAKED LORY, Eos reticulate Psittacidae Mozambique, 2011, not yet cataloged, 92mt Length: 12 inches, sexes alike, resident. Red with a broad blue stripe from the eyes to mantle and black primaries, thighs, and flanks. Habitat: Forest, plantations, and mangroves. Range: Tanimbar Islands, Indonesia. Reference: del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott, and J. Sargatal, Eds. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 4. OLIVE-HEADED LORIKEET, Trichoglossus euteles Psittacidae Mozambique, 2011, not yet cataloged, 92mt Length: 10 inches, sexes alike, resident. Green with an olive-mustard head, orange-red bill, and greenish yellow breast. Habitat: Primary montane forest, secondary growth, and savanna woodland. Range: Timor, Indonesia. Reference: del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott, and J.
  • First Record of an Extinct Marabou Stork in the Neogene of South America

    First Record of an Extinct Marabou Stork in the Neogene of South America

    First record of an extinct marabou stork in the Neogene of South America JORGE IGNACIO NORIEGA and GERARDO CLADERA Noriega, J.I. and Cladera, G. 2008. First record of an extinct marabou stork in the Neogene of South America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 (4): 593–600. We describe a new large species of marabou stork, Leptoptilus patagonicus (Ciconiiformes, Ciconiidae, Leptoptilini), from the late Miocene Puerto Madryn Formation, Chubut Province, Argentina. The specimen consists mainly of wing and leg bones, pelvis, sternum, cervical vertebrae, and a few fragments of the skull. We provisionally adopt the traditional system− atic scheme of ciconiid tribes. The specimen is referred to the Leptoptilini on the basis of similarities in morphology and intramembral proportions with the extant genera Ephippiorhynchus, Jabiru,andLeptoptilos. The fossil specimen resembles in overall morphology and size the species of Leptoptilos, but also exhibits several exclusive characters of the sternum, hu− merus, carpometacarpus, tibiotarsus, and pelvis. Additionally, its wing proportions differ from those of any living taxon, providing support to erect a new species. This is the first record of the tribe Leptoptilini in the Tertiary of South America. Key words: Ciconiidae, Leptoptilos, Miocene, Argentina, South America. Jorge I. Noriega [[email protected]], Laboratorio de Paleontología de Vertebrados, CICYTTP−CONICET, Matteri y España, 3105 Diamante, Argentina; Gerardo Cladera [[email protected]], Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Avenida Fontana 140, 9100 Trelew, Argentina. Introduction Institutional abbreviations.—BMNH, Natural History Mu− seum, London, UK; CICYTTP, Centro de Investigaciones The stork family (Ciconiidae) is a well−defined group of Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción, waterbirds, traditionally divided into three tribes: the Myc− Diamante, Argentina; CNAR−KB3, collections of locality 3 of teriini, the Ciconiini, and the Leptoptilini (Kahl 1971, 1972, the Kossom Bougoudi area, Centre National d’Appui à la 1979).
  • Detailed Species Accounts from The

    Detailed Species Accounts from The

    Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book Editors N. J. COLLAR (Editor-in-chief), A. V. ANDREEV, S. CHAN, M. J. CROSBY, S. SUBRAMANYA and J. A. TOBIAS Maps by RUDYANTO and M. J. CROSBY Principal compilers and data contributors ■ BANGLADESH P. Thompson ■ BHUTAN R. Pradhan; C. Inskipp, T. Inskipp ■ CAMBODIA Sun Hean; C. M. Poole ■ CHINA ■ MAINLAND CHINA Zheng Guangmei; Ding Changqing, Gao Wei, Gao Yuren, Li Fulai, Liu Naifa, Ma Zhijun, the late Tan Yaokuang, Wang Qishan, Xu Weishu, Yang Lan, Yu Zhiwei, Zhang Zhengwang. ■ HONG KONG Hong Kong Bird Watching Society (BirdLife Affiliate); H. F. Cheung; F. N. Y. Lock, C. K. W. Ma, Y. T. Yu. ■ TAIWAN Wild Bird Federation of Taiwan (BirdLife Partner); L. Liu Severinghaus; Chang Chin-lung, Chiang Ming-liang, Fang Woei-horng, Ho Yi-hsian, Hwang Kwang-yin, Lin Wei-yuan, Lin Wen-horn, Lo Hung-ren, Sha Chian-chung, Yau Cheng-teh. ■ INDIA Bombay Natural History Society (BirdLife Partner Designate) and Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History; L. Vijayan and V. S. Vijayan; S. Balachandran, R. Bhargava, P. C. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhupathy, A. Chaudhury, P. Gole, S. A. Hussain, R. Kaul, U. Lachungpa, R. Naroji, S. Pandey, A. Pittie, V. Prakash, A. Rahmani, P. Saikia, R. Sankaran, P. Singh, R. Sugathan, Zafar-ul Islam ■ INDONESIA BirdLife International Indonesia Country Programme; Ria Saryanthi; D. Agista, S. van Balen, Y. Cahyadin, R. F. A. Grimmett, F. R. Lambert, M. Poulsen, Rudyanto, I. Setiawan, C. Trainor ■ JAPAN Wild Bird Society of Japan (BirdLife Partner); Y. Fujimaki; Y. Kanai, H.
  • Western Ghats & Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot

    Western Ghats & Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot

    Ecosystem Profile WESTERN GHATS & SRI LANKA BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT WESTERN GHATS REGION FINAL VERSION MAY 2007 Prepared by: Kamal S. Bawa, Arundhati Das and Jagdish Krishnaswamy (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology & the Environment - ATREE) K. Ullas Karanth, N. Samba Kumar and Madhu Rao (Wildlife Conservation Society) in collaboration with: Praveen Bhargav, Wildlife First K.N. Ganeshaiah, University of Agricultural Sciences Srinivas V., Foundation for Ecological Research, Advocacy and Learning incorporating contributions from: Narayani Barve, ATREE Sham Davande, ATREE Balanchandra Hegde, Sahyadri Wildlife and Forest Conservation Trust N.M. Ishwar, Wildlife Institute of India Zafar-ul Islam, Indian Bird Conservation Network Niren Jain, Kudremukh Wildlife Foundation Jayant Kulkarni, Envirosearch S. Lele, Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Environment & Development M.D. Madhusudan, Nature Conservation Foundation Nandita Mahadev, University of Agricultural Sciences Kiran M.C., ATREE Prachi Mehta, Envirosearch Divya Mudappa, Nature Conservation Foundation Seema Purshothaman, ATREE Roopali Raghavan, ATREE T. R. Shankar Raman, Nature Conservation Foundation Sharmishta Sarkar, ATREE Mohammed Irfan Ullah, ATREE and with the technical support of: Conservation International-Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Assisted by the following experts and contributors: Rauf Ali Gladwin Joseph Uma Shaanker Rene Borges R. Kannan B. Siddharthan Jake Brunner Ajith Kumar C.S. Silori ii Milind Bunyan M.S.R. Murthy Mewa Singh Ravi Chellam Venkat Narayana H. Sudarshan B.A. Daniel T.S. Nayar R. Sukumar Ranjit Daniels Rohan Pethiyagoda R. Vasudeva Soubadra Devy Narendra Prasad K. Vasudevan P. Dharma Rajan M.K. Prasad Muthu Velautham P.S. Easa Asad Rahmani Arun Venkatraman Madhav Gadgil S.N. Rai Siddharth Yadav T. Ganesh Pratim Roy Santosh George P.S.
  • Jabiru Mycteria (Jabiru Stork)

    Jabiru Mycteria (Jabiru Stork)

    UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Jabiru mycteria (Jabiru Stork) Family: Ciconiidae (Storks) Order: Ciconiiformes (Storks, Herons and Ibises) Class: Aves (Birds) Fig. 1. Jabiru stork, Jabiru mycteria. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabiru#/media/File:Jabiru_(Jabiru_mycteria)_2.JPG, downloaded 1 March 2017] TRAITS. Jabiru mycteria is one of the largest flying birds on earth, being the largest in the Americas and one of the three stork species found there. Adult jabiru storks can reach 1.2m tall with a wing span of 2.6m. Their bill is large and black, somewhat upturned, with lengths of up to 30cm (Fig. 1). Males are larger than females, and both sexes can be identified by the band of red skin at the base of the neck. Adult storks possess all-white plumage on the body. The head and neck lacks feathers except for a cluster of grey feathers on the back of the head. The juveniles have white feathers with greyish-brown edges (McKinley, 2006; Borjas, 2004). DISTRIBUTION. Jabiru mycteria is native to South American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Belize, Colombia, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua and Venezuela (Fig. 2). Jabirus can have also been sighted in Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, United States and Uruguay (IUCN, 2016). UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. Jabiru storks are diurnal birds and often feed singly or in pairs but can also be found feeding in large groups (Kahl, 1973). They can be found around coastal lagoons, savannas, marshes and also ponds (Belize Zoo, 2017; Pantanal, 2006).
  • Updating the Seabird Fauna of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

    Updating the Seabird Fauna of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

    Tirtaningtyas & Yordan: Seabirds of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, update 11 UPDATING THE SEABIRD FAUNA OF JAKARTA BAY, INDONESIA FRANSISCA N. TIRTANINGTYAS¹ & KHALEB YORDAN² ¹ Burung Laut Indonesia, Depok, East Java 16421, Indonesia ([email protected]) ² Jakarta Birder, Jl. Betung 1/161, Pondok Bambu, East Jakarta 13430, Indonesia Received 17 August 2016, accepted 20 October 2016 ABSTRACT TIRTANINGTYAS, F.N. & YORDAN, K. 2017. Updating the seabird fauna of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Marine Ornithology 45: 11–16. Jakarta Bay, with an area of about 490 km2, is located at the edge of the Sunda Straits between Java and Sumatra, positioned on the Java coast between the capes of Tanjung Pasir in the west and Tanjung Karawang in the east. Its marine avifauna has been little studied. The ecology of the area is under threat owing to 1) Jakarta’s Governor Regulation No. 121/2012 zoning the northern coastal area of Jakarta for development through the creation of new islands or reclamation; 2) the condition of Jakarta’s rivers, which are becoming more heavily polluted from increasing domestic and industrial waste flowing into the bay; and 3) other factors such as incidental take. Because of these factors, it is useful to update knowledge of the seabird fauna of Jakarta Bay, part of the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. In 2011–2014 we conducted surveys to quantify seabird occurrence in the area. We identified 18 seabird species, 13 of which were new records for Jakarta Bay; more detailed information is presented for Christmas Island Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi. To better protect Jakarta Bay and its wildlife, regular monitoring is strongly recommended, and such monitoring is best conducted in cooperation with the staff of local government, local people, local non-governmental organization personnel and birdwatchers.
  • Spread-Wing Postures and Their Possible Functions in the Ciconiidae

    Spread-Wing Postures and Their Possible Functions in the Ciconiidae

    THE AUK A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY Von. 88 Oc:roBE'a 1971 No. 4 SPREAD-WING POSTURES AND THEIR POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS IN THE CICONIIDAE M. P. KAI-IL IN two recent papers Clark (19'69) and Curry-Lindahl (1970) have reported spread-wingpostures in storks and other birds and discussed someof the functionsthat they may serve. During recent field studies (1959-69) of all 17 speciesof storks, I have had opportunitiesto observespread-wing postures. in a number of speciesand under different environmentalconditions (Table i). The contextsin which thesepostures occur shed somelight on their possible functions. TYPES OF SPREAD-WING POSTURES Varying degreesof wing spreadingare shownby at least 13 species of storksunder different conditions.In somestorks (e.g. Ciconia nigra, Euxenuragaleata, Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis, and ]abiru mycteria) I observedno spread-wingpostures and have foundno referenceto them in the literature. In the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) I observedonly a wing-droopingposture--with the wings held a short distanceaway from the sidesand the primaries fanned downward--in migrant birds wetted by a heavy rain at NgorongoroCrater, Tanzania. Other species often openedthe wingsonly part way, in a delta-wingposture (Frontis- piece), in which the forearmsare openedbut the primariesremain folded so that their tips crossin front o.f or below the. tail. In some species (e.g. Ibis leucocephalus)this was the most commonly observedspread- wing posture. All those specieslisted in Table i, with the exception of C. ciconia,at times adopted a full-spreadposture (Figures i, 2, 3), similar to those referred to by Clark (1969) and Curry-Lindahl (1970) in severalgroups of water birds.
  • 2018 Cambodia & South Vietnam Species List

    2018 Cambodia & South Vietnam Species List

    Cambodia and South Vietnam Leader: Barry Davies Eagle-Eye Tours January 2018 Seen/ Common Name Scientific Name Heard DUCKS, GEESE, AND WATERFOWL 1 Lesser Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna javanica s 2 Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos s 3 Cotton Pygmy-Goose Nettapus coromandelianus s 4 Indian Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha s 5 Garganey Anas querquedula s PHEASANTS, GROUSE, TURKEYS, ALLIES 6 Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus s 9 Scaly-breasted Partridge Arborophila chloropus s 11 Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus s 13 Siamese Fireback Lophura diardi s 14 Germain's Peacock-Pheasant Polyplectron germaini s 16 Green Peafowl Pavo muticus s GREBES 17 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis s STORKS 18 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans s 19 Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus s 21 Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala s CORMORANTS AND SHAGS 22 Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis s 23 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo s 24 Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger s ANHINGAS 25 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster s PELICANS 26 Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis s HERONS, EGRETS, AND BITTERNS 28 Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus s 30 Gray Heron Ardea cinerea s 31 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea s 32 Eastern Great Egret Ardea (alba) modesta s 33 Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia s 34 Little Egret Egretta garzetta s 35 (Eastern) Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis coromandus s IBISES AND SPOONBILLS 41 White-shouldered Ibis Pseudibis davisoni s 42 Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephallus s 43 Giant Ibis Pseudibis gigantea s OSPREY 44 Osprey
  • Bird Checklists of the World Country Or Region: Myanmar

    Bird Checklists of the World Country Or Region: Myanmar

    Avibase Page 1of 30 Col Location Date Start time Duration Distance Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World 1 Country or region: Myanmar 2 Number of species: 1088 3 Number of endemics: 5 4 Number of breeding endemics: 0 5 Number of introduced species: 1 6 7 8 9 10 Recommended citation: Lepage, D. 2021. Checklist of the birds of Myanmar. Avibase, the world bird database. Retrieved from .https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?lang=EN&region=mm [23/09/2021]. Make your observations count! Submit your data to ebird.
  • India: Kaziranga National Park Extension

    India: Kaziranga National Park Extension

    INDIA: KAZIRANGA NATIONAL PARK EXTENSION FEBRUARY 22–27, 2019 The true star of this extension was the Indian One-horned Rhinoceros (Photo M. Valkenburg) LEADER: MACHIEL VALKENBURG LIST COMPILED BY: MACHIEL VALKENBURG VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM INDIA: KAZIRANGA NATIONAL PARK EXTENSION February 22–27, 2019 By Machiel Valkenburg This wonderful Kaziranga extension was part of our amazing Maharajas’ Express train trip, starting in Mumbai and finishing in Delhi. We flew from Delhi to Guwahati, located in the far northeast of India. A long drive later through the hectic traffic of this enjoyable country, we arrived at our lodge in the evening. (Photo by tour participant Robert Warren) We enjoyed three full days of the wildlife and avifauna spectacles of the famous Kaziranga National Park. This park is one of the last easily accessible places to find the endangered Indian One-horned Rhinoceros together with a healthy population of Asian Elephant and Asiatic Wild Buffalo. We saw plenty individuals of all species; the rhino especially made an impression on all of us. It is such an impressive piece of evolution, a serious armored “tank”! On two mornings we loved the elephant rides provided by the park; on the back of these attractive animals we came very close to the rhinos. The fertile flood plains of the park consist of alluvial silts, exposed sandbars, and riverine flood-formed lakes called Beels. This open habitat is not only good for mammals but definitely a true gem for some great birds. Interesting but common birds included Bar-headed Goose, Red Junglefowl, Woolly-necked Stork, and Lesser Adjutant, while the endangered Greater Adjutant and Black-necked Stork were good hits in the stork section.
  • Landscape, Legal, and Biodiversity Threats That Windows Pose to Birds: a Review of an Important Conservation Issue

    Landscape, Legal, and Biodiversity Threats That Windows Pose to Birds: a Review of an Important Conservation Issue

    Land 2014, 3, 351-361; doi:10.3390/land3010351 OPEN ACCESS land ISSN 2073-445X www.mdpi.com/journal/land/ Review Landscape, Legal, and Biodiversity Threats that Windows Pose to Birds: A Review of an Important Conservation Issue Daniel Klem, Jr. Acopian Center for Ornithology, Department of Biology, Muhlenberg College, 2400 Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, USA; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-484-664-3259 Received: 31 December 2013; in revised form: 12 March 2014 / Accepted: 13 March 2014 / Published: 24 March 2014 Abstract: Windows in human residential and commercial structures in urban, suburban, and rural landscapes contribute to the deaths of billions of birds worldwide. International treaties, federal, provincial, state, and municipal laws exist to reduce human-associated avian mortality, but are most often not enforced for bird kills resulting from window strikes. As an additive, compared to a compensatory mortality factor, window collisions pose threats to the sustainability and overall population health of common as well as species of special concern. Several solutions to address the window hazard for birds exist, but the most innovative and promising need encouragement and support to market, manufacture, and implement. Keywords: bird-window collisions; collision prevention; building and landscape architecture; conservation 1. Introduction Clear and reflective windows in human structures of all sizes in urban, suburban, and rural settings are unintentionally killing vast numbers of birds the world over [1–3]. The annual toll of bird deaths from striking windows range from 100 million to 1 billion (latest quantitative estimate based on available data is 365–988 million) in the United States (U.S.), from 16 to 42 million in Canada [4–7].
  • Are You Suprised ? F…

    Are You Suprised ? F…

    1.0 INTRODUCTION The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 has been aimed to fulfill the water quality requirement of designated-best-uses of all the natural aquatic resources. Loss of bio-diversity on account of degradation of habitat has become the cause of major concern in recent years. Central Pollution Control Board, while executing the nation wide responsibility for water quality monitoring and management has established water quality monitoring network in the country. The Water Quality Monitoring Network constitutes 784 monitoring stations located on various water bodies all over the country. However, wetland areas have not been included as part of regular water quality monitoring network in the country. Keeping in view the importance of water quality of wetland areas, Central Pollution Control Board has initiated studies on Bio-monitoring of selected wetlands in wildlife habitats of the country. Bio monitoring of wetlands in wild life sanctuaries has been considered as most suitable measure to evaluate the health of wildlife ecosystem. Further, the monitoring of environmental variables will be immensely helpful in protecting and restoring the ecological status in these threatened habitats. 2.0 CPCB’S INITIATIVES FOR BIO-MONITORING OF WETLANDS Under the Indo-Dutch collaborative project, the development of bio- monitoring methodology for Indian river water quality evaluation was initiated during 1988. The Central Pollution Control Board carried out a pilot study on the River Yamuna for a selected stretch from Delhi upstream to Etawah downstream. The main objective of this study was to formulate strategic methods, which can be accepted in scientific and legislative framework for water quality evaluation.