Biological Forum – An International Journal 6(2): 273-299(2015)

ISSN No. (Print): 0975-1130 ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3239 Status and Conservation of Mammalian Diversity in Indian Himalaya Gaurav Sharma*, Kamalakannan M.*, Debashree Dam*and Akhlaq Husain** *Zoological Survey of , M Block, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata (WB) **41, Hari Vihar, Vijay Park, Dehra Dun (Uttarakhand). (Corresponding author: Gaurav Sharma) (Received 11 September, 2014, Accepted 14 November, 2014) ABSTRACT: The Himalaya is the great range of mountains that spreads over a west-northwest to east- southeast distance of about 2,500 km covering political administrative regions of , , India, , and . About 5,416 of have been reported from the globe and 428 species from India, in that about 291 species of recorded so far from Indian Himalaya. From the different zones of Himalaya, the studies reported 40 species of Mammals from Indian Trans-Himalaya, 77 species from North-West Himalaya, 102 species from Western Himalaya and 172 species from Eastern Himalaya. Most of the Mammalian species of India are given protection in different Schedules of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, listed in different categories of IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and CITES and these information are provided in this paper. In this paper, the efforts were made to provide status and conservation of Mammalian diversity in Himalaya, from studies conducted, past literature, museum records and other lesser-known sources of information. Key words: Mammals, Diversity, Himalaya, India. INTRODUCTION Eastern Himalaya, covering three biotic provinces viz., Central Himalaya (Sikkim and Darjeeling District, India is very rich in terms of Biodiversity due to its West Bengal), East Himalaya (Arunachal Pradesh) and unique biogeographic location, diversified climatic North-Eastern Hills (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, conditions and enormous ecodiversity and geodiversity. Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura) and these all comes The Indian landmass is bounded by the Himalaya in the under three biogeographic zones viz., Trans-Himalayan; North, the Bay of Bengal in the East, the Arabian Sea in Himalayan (part) and North-East India. the West, and Indian Ocean in the South. In terms of In this paper, the efforts were made to provide status landmass, it is the seventh largest country and one of and conservation of Faunal Diversity of India with the 17 mega biodiversity countries in the world. The special reference to Mammalian diversity in Himalaya, Himalaya is the great range of mountains that spreads from studies conducted, past literature, museum records over a west-northwest to east-southeast distance of and other lesser-known sources of information. about 2,500 km covering political administrative regions of Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and China. Considering both geographic and About 5,416 species of mammal have been reported biogeographic divisions, the Indian Himalaya is divided from the globe (Wilson and Reeder, 2005), in that 428 into four zones for the convenience of biodiversity species reported from India, which is about 7.81% of analysis of the mountain ecosystems of India i.e. Trans- the global mammalian species, representing 48 families Himalaya which includes upper region of Jammu and and 14 orders (Sharma et al., 2014). Out of 428 species, Kashmir (districts of Ladakh and Kargil) and Himachal about 291 species belongs to 39 families and 13 orders Pradesh (Spiti Valley, Lahaul Valley, district Kinnaur); of class Mammalia recorded so far from Indian North-West Himalaya which includes Jammu & Himalaya, in that 40 species of Mammals are known Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh excluding the Trans- from Indian Trans-Himalaya; 77 species from North- Himalayan part; Western Himalaya which includes West Himalaya, 102 species from Western Himalaya Himachal Pradesh (excluding the parts of Trans- and 172 species from Eastern Himalaya (Table 1). Himalaya and North-West Himalaya) and Uttarakhand; Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 274 Some of the representative, characteristic and Gibbon), Presbytis phayrei (Phayre’s Leaf Monkey), threatened species of Mammals of Indian Himalayas Ursus thibetanus laniger (Himalayan Black Bear), are Marmota himalayana and Marmota caudata Ursus acrtos (Brown Bear), Helarctos malayanus (Marmots), Petaurista petaurista (Red Giant Flying (Malayan Sun Bear), Melursus ursinus (Sloth Bear), Squirrel), Ochotona ladacensis (Ladakh ), Lepus Ailurus fulgens (Red Panda), Budorcas taxicolor tolai tibetanus (Tibet ), siberica (Siberian (), Macaca arctoides (Stump-tailed Macaque), Ibex), nayaur (Blue Sheep), orientalis Nycticebus bengalensis (Bengal Slow Loris), Hoolock vignei (Ladakh or Shapu), picticaudata hoolock (Western Hoolock Gibbon) and Hoolock (Tibetan ), mutus (Wild ), Equus kiang leuconedys (Eastern Hoolock Gibbon) etc. Platanista (Tibetan Wild Ass or Kiang), Panthera tigris (Tiger), gangetica gangetica (Ganges River Dolphin) is the only Panthera pardus (Leopard), Uncia uncial (Snow aquatic mammalian species of Eastern Himalaya and Leopard), Prionailurus benghalensis (Leopard Cat), confined to Brahmaputra River System. In the last few Manis crassicaudata (Indian Pangolin), Elephas decades Biswamoyopterus biswasi (Namdhapa Flying maximus (Asian Elephant), Vulpes vulpes flavescens Squirrel) and Trachypithecus geei (Gee’s Golden (Mountain Red Fox), Moschus chrysogaster (Alpine Langur) have been discovered. The current Musk ), Nemorhaedus (Goral), Muntiacus conservation status of the Indian mammals as per muntjak (Barking Deer), eldi eldi (Brow- Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, IUCN Red list antlered Deer), Caprolagus hispidus (), Sus of Threatened Species and CITES is provided in Table salvanius (), Rhinoceros unicornis (Great 1. One Horned Rhinoceros), Hylobatus hoolock (Hoolock

Table 1. Mammals of Himalayas with their Distribution and Conservation Status. I. Order: Proboscidea 1. Family: ELEPHANTIDAE (Elephants) Species and Subspecies (Scientific and Distribution Conservation Status Sl. Common Names) References No. IUCN IW(P)A CITES India Elsewhere (Red list (Schedule) (Appendix) Category) Elephas maximus North East and South , China, 1. Linnaeus, 1758 Asiatic India, Bihar, Combodia, , EN I I Alfred et al., 2002, Elephant Jharkhand, Odisha, , , 2006; Prater, 1971; Uttarakhand, Uttar , , Wilson and Reeder, Pradesh and West and Viet Nam 2005 Bengal II. Order: Scandentia 2. Family: TUPAIIDAE (Tree shrews) Tupaia belangeri 2. (Wagner, 1841) North East India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, LC - II Alfred et al., 2002, Northern Tree shrew Sikkim and West , China, Laos, 2006; Srinivasulu and Bengal Malaysia, Myanmar, Srinivasulu, 2004; Thailand, Viet Nam and Wilson and Reeder, associated coastal islands 2005 III. Order: Primates 3. Family: LORISIDAE (Lorises) 3. Nycticebus bengalensis North East India and Bangladesh, China, VU I I Alfred et al., 2002, (Lacepede, 1800) West Bengal Malaysia, Myanmar, 2006; Pocock, 1939; Bengal Slow Loris , Thailand and Prater, 1971; Wilson Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005 4. Family: CERCOPITHECIDAE (Old World monkeys) Macaca arctoides (I. 4. Geoffroy, 1831) North East India Bangladesh east-wards to VU II II Alfred et al., 2002, Stump-tailed Viet Nam, North East to 2006; Wilson and Macaque China and Malaysia Reeder, 2005 Macaca assamensis North East India, Nepal to Viet Nam and Alfred et al., 2002, 5. (Mc Clelland, 1840) Sikkim and West China NT II II 2006; Pocock, 1939; Assam Macaque Bengal Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 275 Macaca leonina (Blyth, 1863) Bangladesh, Cambodia, Wilson and Reeder, 6. Northern -tailed Assam, Meghalaya China, Laos, Myanmar, VU II II 2005 Macaque Thailand and Viet Nam 7. Macaca mulatta Afghanistan, Nepal, Alfred et al., 2002, (Zimmermann, 1780) North and North East Pakistan, Bhutan to LC II II 2006; Pocock, 1939; Rhesus Macaque India Thailand including China Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Macaca munzala Sinha, Datta, 8. Madhusudan and Arunachal Pradesh Bhutan and China EN - II Mishra, 2005 Sinha et al.,2005 Arunachal Macaque Semnopithecus ajax 9. (Pocock, 1928) Nepal Wilson and Reeder, Kashmir Gray North West India, EN II I 2005 Langur Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir Semnopithecus entellus (Dufresne, 1797) Throughout India - Alfred et al., 2002, 10. Northern Plains Gray except North East LC II I 2006; Pocock, 1939; Langur India, Himalayas and Prater, 1971; Wilson Uttar Pradesh and Reeder, 2005 11. Semnopithecus hector Uttarakhand, Uttar Bhutan and Nepal Wilson and Reeder, (Pocock, 1928) Pradesh and West NT - I 2005 Tarai Gray Langur Bengal Semnopithecus schistaceus Hodgson, North East India, Wilson and Reeder, 12. 1840 Himachal Pradesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal and LC - I 2005 Nepal Gray Langur Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan Sikkim and Uttarakhand Trachypithecus geei Himalayan foothills 13. Khajuria, 1956 along Assam- Bhutan Bhutan EN I I Alfred et al., 2002, Gee’s Golden Langur border between 2006; Prater, 1971; Sankosh and Manas Wilson and Reeder, rivers 2005 Trachypithecus phayrei Alfred et al., 2002, 14. (Blyth, 1847) Bangladesh, China, Laos, EN I II 2006; Pocock, 1939; Phayre’s Leaf- Assam and Tripura Mynamar, Thailand and Wilson and Reeder, monkey Viet Nam 2005 Alfred et al.,2002, 2006; 15. Trachypithecus North East India Bangladesh, Bhutan and Pocock, 1939; Prater, pileatus (Blyth, 1843) Myanmar VU I I 1971; Wilson and Capped Langur Reeder, 2005 5. Family: HYLOBATIDAE (Gibbons) Hoolock hoolock (Harlan, 1834) Alfred et al., 2002, 16. Western Hoolock North East India Bangladesh and EN I I 2006; Pocock, 1939; Gibbon Myanmar Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Hoolock leuconedys (Groves, 2005) Wilson and Reeder, 17. Eastern Hoolock Arunachal Pradesh China and Myanmar VU - I 2005 Gibbon IV. Order: RODENTIA 6. Family: SCIURIDAE (Squirrels) Ratufa bicolor 18. (Sparrmann, 1778) Bangladesh, Bhutan, NT II II Black Giant Squirrel Arunachal Pradesh, Cambodia, China, Alfred et al., 2002, Assam, Meghalaya, Indonesia, Laos, 2006; Pradhan and Nagaland and West Malaysia,Myanmar, Talmale, 2011; Prater, Bengal Nepal, Thailand and Viet 1971; Wilson and Nam Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 276 Belomys pearsonii 19. (Gray, 1842) Hairy- Andhra Pradesh, Bhutan, China, Laos, DD II - Alfred et al., 2002, footed Flying Squirrel Assam, Manipur, Myanmar, Nepal, 2006; Pradhan and Mizoram, Nagaland, Taiwan, Thailand and Talmale, 2011; Prater, Sikkim and West Viet Nam 1971; Wilson and Bengal Reeder, 2005 * Biswamoyopterus 20. biswasi Saha, 1981 CR II - Namdhapa Flying Arunachal Pradesh Alfred et al., 2002, Squirrel 2006; Pradhan and - Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Eoglaucomys fimbriatus (Gray, 21. 1837) Himachal Pradesh, Afghanistan and Pakistan LC II - Alfred et al., 2002, Kashmir Flying Jammu & Kashmir,Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 2006; Pradhan and 264 Squirrel Punjab and Talmale, 2011; Prater, Uttarakhand 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 22. Eupetaurus cinereus Jammu & Kashmir and Afghanistan, China and LC II - Alfred et al., 2002, Thomas, 1888 Sikkim Pakistan 2006; Pradhan and Wooly Flying squirrel Talmale, 2011; Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 23. Hylopetes alboniger LC II - Alfred et al., 2002, (Hodgson, 1836) North East India, 2006; Pradhan and Parti-coloured Flying Sikkim and West Talmale, 2011; Prater, Squirrel Bengal Bhutan, China, Myanmar, 1971; Wilson and Nepal and Viet Nam Reeder, 2005 Petaurista elegans 24. (Muller, 1840) Spotted Assam, Sikkim and LC II - Alfred et al., 2002, Giant Flying Squirrel West Bengal Bhutan, China, Indonesia, 2006; Pradhan and Laos, Malaysia, Talmale, 2011; Prater, Myanmar, Nepal, 1971; Wilson and Thailand and Viet Nam Reeder, 2005 Petaurista magnificus 25. (Hodgson, 1836) Sikkim and West Bhutan, China and Nepal LC II - Alfred et al., 2002, Hodgson’s Giant Bengal 2006; Pradhan and flying Squirrel Talmale, 2011; Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Petaurista nobilis NT II - 26. (Gray, 1842) Bhutan Arunachal Pradesh, Bhutan and Nepal Alfred et al., 2002, Giant Flying Squirrel Sikkim and West 2006; Pradhan and Bengal Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Petaurista petaurista Afghanistan, Brunei (Pallas, 1766) Assam, Bihar, Darussalam, China, 27. Red Giant Flying Himachal Pradesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, LC II - Alfred et al., 2002, Squirrel Jammu & Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal and 2006; Pradhan and Meghalaya, Madhya Thailand Talmale, 2011; Prater, Pradesh, Gujarat, 1971; Wilson and Odisha, Nagaland, Reeder, 2005 Punjab, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal Petaurista philippensis China, Laos, Myanmar, (Elliot, 1839) South India, Assam, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, LC II - 28. Indian Giant Flying Bihar, Madhya Thailand and Viet Nam Alfred et al., 2002, Squirrel Pradesh, Maharashtra, 2006; Pradhan and Odisha, Gujarat, , Talmale, 2011; Prater, Rajasthan and West 1971; Wilson and Bengal Reeder, 2005 Callosciurus 29. erythraeus LC - - (Pallas, 1779) Bangladesh, Cambodia, Alfred et al., 2002, Pallas’s Squirrel North East India China, Laos, Malaysia, 2006; Pradhan and Myanmar, Taiwan, Talmale, 2011; Wilson Thailand and Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 277 Callosciurus pygerythrus 30. (I. Geoffroy Saint North East India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Alfred et al., 2002, Hilaire, 1833) Sikkim and West China. Myanmar and LC - - 2006; Pradhan and Irrawardy Squirrel Bengal Nepal Talmale, 2011; Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Dremomys lokriah 31. (Hodgson, 1836) LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Orange bellied North East India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, 2006; Pradhan and Himalayan Squirrel Sikkim and West China, Myanmar and Talmale, 2011;Prater, Bengal Nepal 1971;Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Dremomys pernyi (Milne- Edwards, 32. 1867) China, Myanmar, Taiwan LC - - Perny’s Long-nosed Manipur and Nagaland and Viet Nam Alfred et al., 2002, Squirrel 2006; Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Dremomys rufigenis 33. (Blanford, 1878) LC - - Asian Red-cheeked Arunachal Pradesh and China , Laos, Malaysia , Alfred et al., 2002, Squirrel Nagaland Myanmar, Thailand and 2006; Pradhan and Viet Nam Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 34. Funambulus layardi (Blyth, 1849) Layard’s Karnataka, Kerala and Sri Lanka VU - - Alfred et al., 2002, striped Squirrel Tamil Nadu 2006; Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Funambulus pennantii 35. Wroughton, 1905 Central, North and Alfred et al.,2002, 2006; Northern Palm North East India and Iran, Nepal and Pakistan LC IV - Pradhan and Talmale, Squirrel Andaman & Nicobar 2011; Prater, 1971; Is. Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Bhutan, Cambodia, 36. Tamiops macclellandii North East India, China, Loas, Malaysia, LC - - (Horsfield, 1840) Sikkim and West Myanmar, Nepal, Alfred et al., 2002, Himalayan Striped Bengal Thailand and Viet Nam 2006; Pradhan and Squirrel Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 37. Marmota caudata LC II - Alfred et al., 2002, (Geoffroy, 1844) Jammu & Kashmir Afghanistan, China, 2006; Pradhan and Long-tailed Marmot Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan and Talmale, 2011; Prater, Tajikistan 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 38. Marmota himalayana Nepal, China and (Hodgson, 1841) Himachal Pradesh, Pakistan LC II - Alfred et al., 2002, Himalayan Marmot Sikkim and Jammu & 2006; Pradhan and Kashmir Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

7. Family: DIPODIDAE (Birch mice) Sicista concolor 39. (Buchner, 1892) Jammu & Kashmir China and Pakistan LC V - Chinese Birch mouse Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

8. Family: SPALACIDAE (Spalacids) Alfred et al., 2002, 40. Cannomys badius Cambodia, Loas, LC V - 2006; Pradhan and (Hodgson, 1841) North East India and Myanmar, Nepal, Talmale, 2011; Prater, Lesser Bamboo Rat West Bengal Thailand and Viet Nam 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 278 Rhizomys pruinosus 41. Blyth, 1851 Hoary Cambodia, China, Loas, LC V - Bamboo Rat Meghalaya, Nagaland Malaysia, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, and Manipur Thailand and Viet Nam 2006; Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

9. Family: (New world ) albicaudus 42. (True, 1894) White- Jammu & Kashmir Pakistan DD - - tailed Mountain Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 43. Alticola argentatus Afghanistan, China, LC - - (Severtzov, 1879) Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Alfred et al., 2002, Silver Mountain Vole Himachal Pradesh and Pakistan, Tajikistan and 2006; Pradhan and Jammu & Kashmir Uzbekistan Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Alticola montosa 44. (True, 1894) Kashmir Jammu & Kashmir Pakistan VU - - Alfred et al., 2002, Mountain Vole 2006; Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 *Alticola roylei (Gray, 45. 1842) Royle’s Himachal Pradesh, NT - - Alfred et al., 2002, Mountain Vole Jammu & Kashmir and 2006; Pradhan and Uttarakhand - Talmale, 2011; Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Alticola stoliczkanus 46. (Blanford, 1875) Jammu & Kashmir China and Nepal LC - - Stoliczka’s Mountain Alfred et al., 2002, Vole 2006; Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 47. melanogaster (Milne- China, Myanmar, LC - - Edwards, 1871) Arunachal Pradesh Taiwan, China, Thailand Alfred et al., 2002, Père Davids Red- and Viet Nam 2006; Pradhan and backed Vole Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Hyperacrius fertilis 48. (True, 1894) Pakistan NT - - Subalpine Kashmir Alfred et al., 2002, Vole Himachal Pradesh and 2006; Pradhan and Jammu & Kashmir Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 49. Hyperacrius wynnei Pakistan LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, (Blanford, 1881) Himachal Pradesh and 2006; Pradhan and Conifer Kashmir Vole Jammu & Kashmir Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Neodon sikimensis Horsfield, 1841 LC - - 50. Sikkim Mountain Sikkim and West Bhutan, China and Nepal Alfred et al.,2002, 2006; Vole Bengal Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Phaiomys leucurus 51. Blyth, 1863 Blyth’s China and Nepal MountainVole Himachal Pradesh and LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Jammu & Kashmir 2006; Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Cricetulus alticola 52. Thomas, 1917 Ladak Jammu & Kashmir China and Nepal LC - - Dwarf Hamster Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 279 53. Cricetulus migratorius Distributed from eastern LC - - (Pallas, 1773) Jammu & Kashmir Europe through Russia Alfred et al., 2002, Gray Dwarf Hamster and central Asia to 2006; Pradhan and Mongolia and western Talmale, 2011; Wilson China and Reeder, 2005

10. Family: (Old world rodents) Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Tatera indica South India, Bihar, Kuwait, Nepal, Pakistan, Alfred et al.,2002, 2006; 54. (Hardwicke, 1807) Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab LC V - Pradhan and Talmale, Himachal Pradesh, Republic and Turkey 2011; Prater, 1971; Jammu & Kashmir, Wilson and Reeder, Madhya Pradesh, 2005 Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal Apodemus draco (Barret-Hamilton, 55. 1900) Arunachal Pradesh China and Myanmar LC V - South China Field Alfred et al., 2002, Mouse 2006; Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Apodemus latronum 56. Thomas, 1911 Large- Arunachal Pradesh China and Myanmar LC V - Srinivasulu and eared Field Mouse Srinivasulu, 2012; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Apodemus pallipes 57. (Barrett-Hamilton, Afghanistan, China, LC - - 1900) Himachal Pradesh, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Alfred et al., 2002, Himalayan Field Jammu & Kashmir and Pakistan and Tajikistan 2006; Pradhan and Mouse Uttar Pradesh Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Apodemus rusiges 58. Miller, 1913 Kashmir Pakistan LC V - Field Mouse Himachal Pradesh, Alfred et al., 2002, Jammu & Kashmir and 2006; Pradhan and Uttar Pradesh Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 59. Bandicota bengalensis Almost throughout the Malaysia, Myanmar, LC V - Alfred et al., 2002, (Gray, 1835) country Nepal, Pakistan, Sri 2006; Pradhan and Indian Mole Rat Lanka and Thailand Talmale, 2011; Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Bandicota indica 60. (Bechstein, 1800) Bangladesh, Cambodia, LC V - Alfred et al., 2002, Greater Bandicoot Almost throughout the China, Hong Kong, Loas, 2006; Pradhan and Rat country Malaysia, Myanmar, Talmale, 2011; Prater, Nepal, Sri Lanka, 1971; Wilson and Thailand and Viet Nam Reeder, 2005 61. Berylmys bowersi North East India China, Indonesia, Loas, LC V - Alfred et al., 2002, (Anderson, 1879) Malaysia, Myanmar, 2006; Pradhan and Bower’s Berylmys Thailand and Viet Nam Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 62. Berylmys mackenziei Assam, Manipur, China, Myanmar and Viet DD V - (Thomas, 1916) Meghalaya and Nam Alfred et al., 2002, Mackenzie’s Berylmys Nagaland 2006; Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 63. Berylmys manipulus Assam, Manipur and - (Thomas, 1916) Nagaland China and Myanmar DD V Alfred et al., 2002, Manipur Berylmys 2006; Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 64. Chiropodomys North East India Cambodia, China, LC V - gliroides (Blyth, 1856) Indonesia, Loas, Alfred et al., 2002, Indomalayan Pencil- Malaysia, Myanmar, 2006; Pradhan and tailed Tree Mouse Thailand and Viet Nam Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 280 Arunachal Pradesh, China, Loas, Nepal and DD V - Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; 65. Dacnomys millardi Assam, Nagaland and Viet Nam Pradhan and Talmale, Thomas, 1916 West Bengal 2011; Wilson and Reeder, Millard’s Dacnomys 2005

66. Almost throughout the LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; Golunda ellioti Gray, country Iran, Nepal, Pakistan Pradhan and Talmale, 1837 and Sri Lanka 2011; Prater, 1971; Indian Bush Rat Wilson and Reeder, 2005

67. Assam and Manipur EN - - Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; * Hadromys humei Pradhan and Talmale, (Thomas, 1886) 2011; Wilson and Reeder, Hume’s Hadromys - 2005

Leopoldamys Arunachal Pradesh, Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; 68. edwardsi (Thomas, Meghalaya, Nagaland, China, Loas, Malaysia, LC V - Pradhan and Talmale, 1882) Sikkim and West Bengal Myanmar, Thailand and 2011; Wilson and Reeder, Edward’s Viet Nam 2005 Leopoldamys

69. Micromys minutus Assam, Meghalaya and Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; (Pallas, 1771) Nagaland Range in the Europe LC - - Pradhan and Talmale, Harvest Mouse and Asia 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

Millardia meltada South India, Bihar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri LC V - Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; 70. (Gray, 1837) Gujarat, Haryana, Lanka Pradhan and Talmale, Common Metad Himachal Pradesh, Jammu 2011; Prater, 1971; & Kashmir, Madhya Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal

Mus booduga (Gray, Almost throughout the Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; 71. 1837) country LC V - Pradhan and Talmale, Little Indian Field Bangladesh, Myanmar, 2011; Prater, 1971; Mouse Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Lanka

Andaman & Nicobar Is., Cambodia, Loas, LC V - Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; 72. Mus cervicolor Assam, Gujarat, Jammu & Myanmar, Nepal, Pradhan and Talmale, Hodgson, 1845 Fawn- Kashmir, Karnataka, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, colored Mouse Manipur, Madhya Pradesh, Thailand and Viet Nam 2005 Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal

Arunachal Pradesh, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; Mus cookii Ryley, Assam, Karnataka, China, Loas, Myanmar, LC V - Pradhan and Talmale, 73. 1914 Maharashtra, Manipur, Nepal, Thailand and 2011; Wilson and Reeder, Cook’s Mouse Meghalaya, Nagaland, Viet Nam 2005 Tamil Nadu and West Bengal

Mus musculus Almost throughout the Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; 74. Linnaeus, 1758 country Spread throughout most Pradhan and Talmale, House Mouse of world association LC - - 2011; Prater, 1971; with human beings Wilson and Reeder, 2005

Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Nepal and Pakistan Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; Mus saxicola Elliot, Himachal Pradesh, LC V - Pradhan and Talmale, 75. 1839 Jharkhand, Karnataka, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, Elliot’s Spiny Mouse Madhya Pradesh, 2005 Maharashtra Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Punjab and West Bengal Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 281 11. Family: HYSTRICIDAE (Old world porcupines) Atherurus macrourus(Linnaeus, 88. 1758) Assam, Arunachal Bangladesh, China, Loas, LC II - Asiatic Brush-tailed Pradesh and Malaysia, Myanmar, Alfred et al.,2002, 2006; Porcupine Meghalaya Thailand, Viet Nam Pradhan and Talmale, 2011; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Hystrix brachyura 89. Linnaeus, 1758 North East India and Bangladesh, China, LC II - Alfred et al., 2002, Sikkim and West Indonesia, Loas, 2006; Pradhan and Bengal Malaysia, Myanmar, Talmale, 2011; Prater, Nepal, Thailand and Viet 1971; Wilson and Nam Reeder, 2005 Hystrix indica Kerr, 1792 Almost throughout the Afghanistan, Armenia , 90. Indian Creasted country Azerbaijan, China, LC IV - Porcupine Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Alfred et al., 2002, Jordan, Kazakhstan, 2006; Pradhan and Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Talmale, 2011; Wilson Arabia, Sri Lanka, and Reeder, 2005 Turkey, Turkmenistan and Yemen I. Order: 12. Family: OCHOTONIDAE () Ochotona curzoniae 91. (Hodgson, 1858) Sikkim China and Nepal LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Pleteau Pika 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Ochotona forresti 92. Thomas, 1923 Assam, Arunachal Bhutan, China and LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Forrest’s Pika Pradesh and Sikkim Myanmar 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Ochotona ladacensis 93. (Günther, 1875) Jammu & Kashmir China and Pakistan LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Ladakh Pika 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Ochotona macrotis Afghanistan, Bhutan, 94. (Günther, 1875) Jammu & Kashmir China, Kazakhstan, LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Large-eared Pika Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, 2006; Wilson and Pakistan and Tajikistan Reeder, 2005 Ochotona nubrica 95. Thomas, 1922 Jammu & Kashmir China LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Nubra Pika 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Ochotona roylei Himachal Pradesh, China, Nepal and Alfred et al., 2002, 96. (Ogilby, 1839) Jammu & Kashmir and Pakistan LC - - 2006; Prater, 1971; Royle’s Pika Uttar Pradesh Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Ochotona thibetana 97. (Milne-Edwards, Sikkim Bhutan, China and LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, 1871) Myanmar 2006; Wilson and Moupin Pika Reeder, 2005

13. Family: ( and ) Lepus nigricollis F. Almost throughout the Bangladesh, Indonesia, Alfred et al., 2002, 98. Cuvier, 1823 country Mauritius, Réunion, LC IV - 2006; Prater, 1971; Indian Hare Pakistan, Nepal, Wilson and Reeder, and Sri Lanka 2005 Lepus oiostolus 99. Hodgson, 1840 Woolly Jammu & Kashmir and China, Nepal and LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Hare Sikkim Pakistan 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Lepus tolai Pallas, 1778 Afghanistan, China, Iran, Alfred et al., 2002, 100. Tolai Hare Jammu & Kashmir and Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, LC - - 2006; Wilson and Sikkim Mongolia, Russian Reeder, 2005 Federation, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 282 I. Order: Erinaceomorpha 14. Family: ERINACEIDAE (Hedgehogs) Hemiechinus collaris Alfred et al., 2002, 101. (Gray, 1830) Indian Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Pakistan LC IV - 2006; Prater, 1971; Long-eared Hedgehog Himachal Pradesh, Wilson and Reeder, Jammu & Kashmir and 2005 Maharashtra II. Order: Soricomorpha 15. Family: SORICIDAE (Shrews) Crocidura attenuate Cambodia, China, Loas, 102. Milne-Edwards, 1872 Assam, Jammu & Malaysia, Myanmar, LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Asian Gray Shrew Kashmir, Punjab, Philippines, Taiwan, 2006; Wilson and Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh Thailand and Viet Nam Reeder, 2005 and West Bengal Crocidura fuliginosa 103. (Blyth, 1855) Sotheast North India, Assam Cambodia, China, Loas, LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Asian Shrew and Meghalaya Malaysia, Myanmar, 2006; Wilson and Thailand and Viet Nam Reeder, 2005 104. Crocidura horsfieldii Jammu & Kashmir and China, Nepal and Sri DD - - Alfred et al., 2002, (Tomes, 1856) Karnataka Lanka 2006; Wilson and Horsefield’s Shrew Reeder, 2005 Crocidura pullata 105. Miller, 1911 Kashmir Jammu & Kashmir China, Pakistan and DD - - Alfred et al., 2002, White-toothed Shrew Thailand 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Crocidura rapax G. 106. Allen, 1923 Chinese Jammu & Kashmir China and Taiwan DD - - Alfred et al., 2002, White-toothed Shrew 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Crocidura vorax G. 107. Allen, 1923 Voracious North East India China, Loas, Thailand Wilson and Reeder, Shrew and Viet Nam LC - - 2005 Widespread from Southern Europe and Alfred et al., 2002, 108. Suncus etruscus (Savi, Almost throughout the North Africa, through LC - - 2006; Wilson and 1822) Etruscan Shrew country parts of the Near East and Reeder, 2005 Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia, South Asia and mainland , to the island of Borneo in the east Suncus murinus Widespread, mainly Alfred et al., 2002, 109. (Linnaeus, 1766) Almost throughout the found in South Asia but LC - - 2006; Prater, 1971; Asian Musk Shrew country introduced widely Wilson and Reeder, throughout Asia 2005 * Anourosorex assamensis Anderson, Wilson and Reeder, 110. 1875 Assam, Meghalaya, - LC - 2005 Assam Mole Shrew Manipur and Nagaland - Anourosorex schmidi 112. Petter, 1963 Giant Arunachal Pradesh and Wilson and Reeder, Mole Shrew Sikkim Bhutan DD - - 2005 Anourosorex China, Loas, Myanmar, 113. squamipes Milne- North East India Thailand and Viet Nam LC - - Alfred et al.,2002, 2006; Edwards, 1872 Wilson and Reeder, Chinese Mole Shrew 2005 Chimarrogale himalayica (Gray, 1842) China, Loas, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, 114. Himalayan Water Himachal Pradesh, Nepal, Taiwan and Viet LC - - 2006; Wilson and Shrew Jammu & Kashmir, Nam Reeder, 2005 Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim and West Bengal Episoriculus caudatus 115. (Horsefield, 1851) Sikkim, Uttarakhand China, Myanmar, Nepal LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Hodgson’s Brown- and West Bengal 2006; Wilson and toothed Shrew Reeder, 2005 Episoriculus leucops 116. (Horsefield, 1855) Sikkim China, Myanmar, Nepal, LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Long-tailed Brown- Viet Nam 2006; Wilson and toothed Shrew Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 283 Episoriculus macrurus (Blanford, 1888) 117. Long-tailed Mountain Sikkim and West China, Myanmar and Viet LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Shrew Bengal Nam 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Nectogale elegans 118. Milne-Edwards, 1870 Sikkim China, Myanmar and LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Elegant Water Shrew Nepal 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Soriculus nigrescens Sikkim, West Bengal, Alfred et al., 2002, 119. (Gray, 1842) Assam and Arunachal Bhutan, China and Nepal LC - - 2006; Wilson and Himalayan Shrew Pradesh Reeder, 2005 Sorex minutus Europe to Yenesei river 120. Linnaeus, 1766 and Lake Baikal, south to LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Eurasian Pygmy Jammu & Kashmir Altai and Tienshan Mtns, 2006; Wilson and Shrew Nepal, Pakistan and Reeder, 2005 Turkey Sorex planiceps 121. Miller, 1911 Kashmir North West India and China and Pakistan LC - - Wilson and Reeder, Pygmy Shrew Jammu & Kashmir 2005

16. Family: TALPIDAE (Moles) Euroscaptor micrura North East India, Bhutan, China, Malaysia Alfred et al., 2002, 122. (Hodgson, 1841) Sikkim and West and Nepal LC - - 2006; Prater, 1971; Himalayan Mole Bengal Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Parascaptor leucura 123. (Blyth, 1850) White- North East India Bangladesh, China and LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, tailed Mole Myanmar 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 III. Order: Chiroptera 17. Family: PTEROPODIDAE (Old world fruit ) This widespread species Cynopterus brachyotis ranges from South Asia, 124. (Müller, 1838) Andaman & Nicobar through parts of southern LC V - Lesser Short‐nosed Is., South India, Bihar, China to parts of Alfred et al., 2002, Fruit Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Southeast Asia 2006; Talmale and Pradesh, Maharashtra, Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Reeder, 2005 Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal Central, North East This species is widely Cynopterus sphinx and South India, distributed from much of 125. (Vahl, 1797) Greater Andaman & Nicobar South Asia, through LC V - Short‐nosed Fruit Bat Is., Bihar, Goa, southern China, most of Alfred et al., 2002, Gujarat, Jammu & mainlandand insular 2006; Talmale and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Southeast Asia Pradhan, 2009;Prater, Odisha, Rajasthan, 1971; Wilson and Uttarakhand and West Reeder, 2005 Bengal Eonycteris spelaean Brunei Darussalam, 126. (Dobson, 1871) Andaman & Nicobar Cambodia, China, LC V - Lesser Dawn Bat Is., Andhra Pradesh, Indonesia, Loas, North East India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Alfred et al.,2002, 2006; Karnataka, Sikkim, Philippines, , Talmale and Pradhan, Tamil Nadu and Thailand, Timor-Leste 2009; Wilson and Uttarakhand and Viet Nam Reeder, 2005 Cambodia, China, 127. Macroglossus sobrinus Indonesia, Loas, LC V - K. Andersen, 1911 Arunachal Pradesh, Malaysia, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, Greater Long‐nosed Meghalaya, Tripura Thailand and Viet Nam 2006; Talmale and Fruit Bat and West Bengal Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Megaerops niphanae Yenbutra and Felten, LC V - 128. 1983 Arunachal Pradesh, Cambodia, Loas, Alfred et al., 2002, Ratanaworabhan’s Manipur, Mizoram, Thailand and Viet Nam 2006; Talmale and Fruit Bat Nagaland and West Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bengal and Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 284 Pteropus giganteus 129. (Brünnich, 1782) Almost throughout the Bangladesh, Bhutan, LC V II Alfred et al., 2002, Indian Flying Fox country China, Maldives, 2006; Talmale and Myanmar, Nepal, Pradhan, 2009; Prater, Pakistan and Sri Lanka 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Rousettus Bangladesh, Bhutan, 130. leschenaultia Cambodia, China, LC V - (Desmarest, 1820) Almost throughout the Indonesia, Loas, Alfred et al., 2002, Leschenault’s country Malaysia, Myanmar, 2006; Talmale and Rousette Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Pradhan, 2009; Prater, Lanka, Thailand and Viet 1971; Wilson and Nam Reeder, 2005 131. Sphaerias blanfordi LC V - (Thomas, 1891) Arunachal Pradesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, Blanford’s Fruit Bat Mizoram, Uttar Nepal, Thailand and Viet 2006; Talmale and Pradesh and West Nam Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bengal and Reeder, 2005

18. Family: RHINOLOPHIDAE (Horseshoe bats) Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823 Andaman & Nicobar Bangladesh, Bhutan, 132. Intemediate Horseshoe Is., Arunachal Pradesh, Cambodia, China, Hong LC - - Bat Assam, Sikkim, Kong, Indonesia, Loas, Alfred et al., 2002, Tamil Nadu, Malaysia, Myanmar, 2006; Talmale and Uttarakhand and West Nepal, Singapore, Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bengal Thailand and Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005 This species has a wide Rhinolophus range in Europe, Africa, 133. ferrumequinum Jammu & Kashmir, South Asia, China, LC - - (Schreber, 1774) Sikkim and Uttar Korea, Japan and Alfred et al., 2002, Greater Horseshoe Bat Pradesh Australia 2006; Talmale and Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Rhinolophus 134. hipposideros (Bechstein, Widely distributed in the 1800) Jammu & Kashmir western and central LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Lesser Horseshoe Bat Palaearctic 2006; Talmale and Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Rhinolophus Afghanistan, Bangladesh, 135. luctusBlyth, 1844 Almost throughout the Cambodia, China , Blyth’s Horseshoe Bat country Indonesia, Malaysia, LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Myanmar, Nepal, 2006; Talmale and Pakistan, Thailand and Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005 Andhra Pradesh, Bangladesh, Cambodia, 136. Rhinolophus luctus Assam, Madhya China, Indonesia, Loas, LC - - Temminck, 1834 Pradesh, Meghalaya, Malaysia, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, Woolly Horseshoe Bat Nagaland, Nepal, Singapore, 2006; Talmale and Uttarakhand, Sikkim Thailand and Viet Nam Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and West Bengal and Reeder, 2005 Rhinolophus macrotis Bangladesh, China, 137. Blyth, 1844 Big‐eared Indonesia, Loas, LC - - Horseshoe Bat Andhra Pradesh, Malaysia, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, Meghalaya, Nepal, Pakistan, 2006; Talmale and Uttarakhand and West Philippines, Thailand and Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bengal Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005 Rhinolophus pearsonii LC - - 138. Horsfield, 1851 Assam, Meghalaya Bangladesh, Bhutan, Alfred et al., 2002, Pearson’s Horseshoe Mizoram, Sikkim, China, Loas, Malaysia, 2006; Talmale and Bat Uttarakhand and West Myanmar, Nepal, Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bengal Thailand and Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005 139. Rhinolophus pusillus South India, Arunachal Cambodia, China, LC - - Temminck, 1834 Pradesh, Assam, Indonesia, Japan, Loas, Alfred et al.,2002, 2006; Least Horseshoe Bat Meghalaya, Sikkim, Malaysia, Myanmar, Talmale and Pradhan, Uttarakhand and West Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand 2009; Wilson and Bengal and Viet Nam Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 285 Rhinolophus rouxii North and South India, China, Myanmar, Nepal - Alfred et al., 2002, 140. Temminck, 1835 Chhattisgarh, Goa, and Sri Lanka LC - 2006; Talmale and Rufous Horseshoe Bat Himachal Pradesh, Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Madhya Pradesh, and Reeder, 2005 Maharashtra, Odisha, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and West Bengal

Rhinolophus shortridgei North India, Myanmar K. Andersen, 1918 China and Myanmar Wilson and Reeder, 141. Shortridge’s Horseshoe LC - - 2005 Bat Rhinolophus sinicus Andhra Pradesh, 142. K. Andersen, 1905 Himachal Pradesh, China, Myanmar, Nepal LC - - Wilson and Reeder, Chinese Rufous Meghalaya Nagaland, and Viet Nam 2005 Horseshoe Bat Sikkim, Uttarakhand and West Bengal Rhinolophus Arunachal Pradesh and 143. subbadiusBlyth, 1844 Meghalaya Bangladesh, China, Little Nepalese Myanmar and Nepal LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Horseshoe Bat 2006; Talmale and Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 144. Rhinolophus trifoliatus Assam and West China, Indonesia, LC - - Temminck, 1834 Bengal Malaysia, Myanmar and Alfred et al., 2002, Trefoil Horseshoe Bat Thailand 2006; Talmale and Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 145. Rhinolophus Arunachal Pradesh and yunanensis Dobson, Mizoram China, Myanmar and LC - - 1872 Thailand Alfred et al., 2002, Dobson’s Horseshoe 2006; Talmale and Bat Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 19. Family: HIPPOSIDERIDAE (Old world leaf-nosed bats)

Coelops frithii Blyth, Meghalaya and West 146. 1848 Bengal Bangladesh, China, LC - - East Asian Tailess Indonesia, Loas, Alfred et al., 2002, Leaf-nosed Bat Malaysia, Myanmar, 2006; Talmale and Taiwan, Thailand and Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005 147. Hipposideros armiger Assam, Manipur, Cambodia, China, Hong LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, (Hodgson, 1835) Meghalaya, Sikkim Kong, Loas, Malaysia, 2006; Talmale and Great Leaf‐nosed Bat Uttarakhand and West Myanmar, Nepal, Pradhan, 2009; Prater, Bengal Taiwan, Thailand and 1971; Wilson and Viet Nam Reeder, 2005 148. Hipposideros ater South India, Madhya Australia, Indonesia, LC - - Templeton, 1848 Pradesh, Maharashtra, Malaysia, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, Dusky Leaf‐nosed Bat Meghalaya, Andaman Papua New Guinea, 2006; Talmale and & Nicobar Is., Odisha Philippines, Sri Lanka Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Thailand and Reeder, 2005 Arunachal Pradesh, Indonesia, Loas, 149. Hipposideros Assam, Haryana, Malaysia, Myanmar, LC - - cineraceus Blyth, 1853 Meghalaya, Mizoram, Pakistan, Thailand and Alfred et al., 2002, Ashy Leaf‐nosed Bat Tamil Nadu, Viet Nam 2006; Talmale and Uttarakhand and West Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bengal and Reeder, 2005 150. Hipposideros larvatus Arunachal Pradesh, LC - - (Horsfield, 1823) Assam and Meghalaya Bangladesh, Cambodia, Alfred et al., 2002, Intermediate China, Indonesia, Loas, 2006; Talmale and Leaf‐nosed Bat Malaysia, Myanmar, Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Thailand and Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005 Andaman & Nicobar Alfred et al., 2002, Hipposideros Pomona Is., Andhra Pradesh, Bangladesh, Cambodia, 2006; Talmale and K. Andersen, 1918 Assam, Arunachal China, Loas, Malaysia, LC - - Pradhan, 2009; Wilson 151. Pomona Leaf‐nosed Pradesh, Karnataka, Myanmar, Nepal, and Reeder, 2005 Bat Kerala, Meghalaya, Thailand and Viet Nam Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, Sikkim and West Bengal Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 286

20. Family: MEGADERMATIDAE (False-vampire bats) Megaderma lyra É. Geoffroy, 1810 North East and South Afghanistan, Bangladesh, 152. Greater False India, Bihar, Cambodia, China, Loas, Vampire Bat Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Malaysia, Myanmar, LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Himachal Pradesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri 2006; Talmale and Jammu & Kashmir, Lanka, Thailand and Viet Pradhan, 2009; Prater, Jharkhand, Madhya Nam 1971; Wilson and Pradesh, Maharashtra, Reeder, 2005 Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal Megaderma spasma Bangladesh, Brunei 153. (Linnaeus, 1758) Darussalam, Cambodia, Lesser False Vampire South India, Andaman Indonesia, Loas, LC - - Bat & Nicobar Is., Assam, Malaysia, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, Goa, Maharashtra, Philippines, Singapore, 2006; Talmale and Meghalaya, Mizoram Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and West Bengal Nam and Reeder, 2005

21. Family: RHINOPOMATIDAE (Mouse-tailed bats) Andhra Pradesh, Widespread across Rhinopoma hardwickii Assam, Bihar, central and northern 154. Gray, 1831 Lesser Gujarat, Jammu & Africa through Arabia LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Mouse-tailed Bat Kashmir, Karnataka, and southern Asia 2006; Talmale and Madhya Pradesh, Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Maharashtra, Manipur, and Reeder, 2005 Nagaland, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal Rhinopoma microphyllum Extends from northern (Brünnich, 1792) Bihar, Gujarat, Africa through southwest 155. Greater Mouse-tailed Madhya Pradesh, Asia to Afghanistan and LC - - Bat Maharashtra, Odisha, Pakistan Alfred et al., 2002, Rajasthan, Uttar 2006; Talmale and Pradesh and West Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bengal and Reeder, 2005

22. Family: EMBALLONURIDAE (Sheath-tailed bats) Saccolaimus Australia, Bangladesh, saccolaimus Andaman & Nicobar Brunei Darussalam, 156. (Temminck, 1838) Is., Gujarat, Karnataka, Cambodia, Indonesia, LC - - Naked-rumped Kerala, Madhya Malaysia, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, Pouched Bat Pradesh, Maharashtra, Papua New Guinea, 2006; Talmale and Meghalaya, Odisha, Philippines, Solomon Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Uttar Pradesh and Islands, Sri Lanka, and Reeder, 2005 West Bengal Thailand and Viet Nam

23. Family: MOLOSSIDAE (Free-tailed bats) Chaerephon plicatus Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Cambodia, China, Hong 157. (Buchannan, 1800) Karnataka, Madhya Kong, Loas, Malaysia, LC - - Wrinkle‐lipped Pradesh, Maharashtra, Philippines, Sri Lanka Alfred et al., 2002, Free‐tailed Bat Meghalaya, Punjab, and Viet Nam 2006; Talmale and Rajasthan, Tamil Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Reeder, 2005 and West Bengal 158. Otomops wroughtoni (Thomas, 1913) Cambodia DD - - Alfred et al., 2002, Wroughton’s Giant Karnataka, Meghalaya 2006; Talmale and Mastiff Bat Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

24. Family: (Vesper bats) 159. circumdatus LC - - (Temminck, 1840) Assam, Meghalaya, Cambodia, China, Alfred et al., 2002, Bronze Sprite Mizoram and Sikkim Indonesia, Malaysia, 2006; Talmale and Myanmar, Nepal, Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Thailand and Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 287 160. pachyotis Meghalaya and Bangladesh, China, LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, (Dobson, 1871) Mizoram Myanmar and Thailand 2006; Talmale and Thick‐eared Bat Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Widely distributed Eptesicus serotinus through the Palaearctic 161. (Schreber, 1774) Himachal Pradesh, from the Atlantic to the LC - - Common Serotine Jammu & Kashmir and Pacific seaboards, across Alfred et al., 2002, Rajasthan the Mediterraneanfrom 2006; Talmale and Portugal eastwards to Pradhan, 2009; Prater, Turkey, and is marginal 1971; Wilson and to North Africa Reeder, 2005 Scotomanes ornatus Arunachal Pradesh, LC - - 162. (Blyth, 1851) Assam, Manipur, Bangladesh, China, Loas, Alfred et al., 2002, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Myanmar, Nepal, 2006; Talmale and Sikkim and West Thailand and Viet Nam Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bengal and Reeder, 2005 heathii North East, South Afghanistan, Bangladesh, 163. (Horsfield, 1831) India, Bihar, Gujarat, Cambodia, China, LC - - Greater Asiatic Haryana, Jharkhand, Indonesia, Loas, Alfred et al., 2002, Yellow House Bat Madhya Pradesh, Myanmar, Nepal, 2006; Talmale and Maharashtra, Odisha, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Pradhan, 2009; Prater, Punjab, Rajasthan, Lanka, Thailand and Viet 1971; Wilson and Uttarakhand, Uttar Nam Reeder, 2005 Pradesh and West Bengal Bangladesh, Cambodia, Scotophilus kuhlii South India, Andaman China, Hong Kong, 164. Leach, 1821 Lesser & Nicobar Is., Assam, Indonesia, Loas, LC - - Asiatic Yellow Bat Bihar, Gujarat, Malaysia, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, Jharkhand, Madhya Pakistan, Philippines, Sri 2006; Talmale and Pradesh, Maharashtra, Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Meghalaya, Odisha, Timor-Leste and Viet and Reeder, 2005 Rajasthan, Tripura, Nam Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal Largely a western Palaearctic species, with leisleri (Kuhl, scattered records in the 165. 1817) Leisler’s western parts of the LC - - Alfred et al.,2002, 2006; Noctule Jammu & Kashmir, eastern Palaearctic Talmale and Pradhan, Punjab (Pakistan, Afghanistan, 2009; Wilson and the Himalayas) Reeder, 2005 166. Nyctalus montanus Alfred et al., 2002, (Barrett‐Hamilton, Himachal Pradesh and Afghanistan and Nepal LC - - 2006; Talmale and 1906) Mountain Uttarakhand Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Noctule and Reeder, 2005

Nyctalus noctula 167. (Schreber, 1774) Himachal Pradesh, Throughout Europe, Asia, Noctule Jammu & Kashmir, and North Africa LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Nagaland, Sikkim, 2006; Talmale and Uttar Pradesh, West Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bengal and Reeder, 2005 abramus China, Japan, Korea, Wilson and Reeder, 168. (Temminck, 1838) Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Loas, Myanmar, Taiwan LC - - 2005 Japanese Pipistrelle Bihar, Jammu & and Viet Nam Kashmir, Manipur and Nagaland Pipistrellus coromandra (Gray, Andaman & Nicobar 169. 1838) Is., North East and LC - - Indian Pipistrelle South India, Bihar, Alfred et al., 2002, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu 2006; Talmale and & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Pradhan, 2009; Prater, Madhya Pradesh, 1971; Wilson and Maharashtra, Odisha, Reeder, 2005 Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and - West Bengal Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 288 Pipistrellus javanicus Andaman & Nicobar Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Alfred et al., 2002, (Gray, 1838) Is., Assam, Himachal Brunei Darussalam, 2006; Talmale and 170. Javan Pipistrelle Pradesh, Madhya Cambodia, China, LC - - Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Pradesh, Maharashtra, Indonesia, Loas, and Reeder, 2005 Manipur, Meghalaya, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nagaland, Sikkim, Nepal, Pakistan, Uttarakhand and West Philippines, Singapore, Bengal Thailand and Viet Nam

Pipistrellus kuhlii Jammu & Kashmir Africa, Europe and Asia Alfred et al., 2002, 171. (Kuhl, 1817) Kulh’s LC - - 2006; Talmale and Pipistrelle Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

172. Pipistrellus paterculus Assam, Bihar, Jammu China, Loas, Myanmar Alfred et al., 2002, Thomas, 1915 & Kashmir, Manipur and Viet Nam LC - 2006; Talmale and Mount Popa and Nagaland - Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Pipistrelle and Reeder, 2005

173. Pipistrellus pipistrellus Jammu & Kashmir Range extends across LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, (Schreber, 1774) most of Europe,North 2006; Talmale and Common Pipistrelle Africa, Pradhan, 2009; Wilson southwestern Asia, and and Reeder, 2005 possibly into Korea 174. Pipistrellus savii North East India Distributed across North LC Alfred et al., 2002, (Bonaparte, 1837) (from Khasia Hills in West Africa, the - - 2006; Talmale and Savi’s Pipistrelle Assam and Mediterranean region and Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Meghalaya) the Middle East and Reeder, 2005

175. Pipistrellus tenuis Almost throughout the Throughout much of LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, (Temminck, 1840) country South Asia, southeastern 2006; Talmale and China and Southeast Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Asia. and Reeder, 2005

Scotozous dormeri Almost throughout the Bangladesh and Pakistan Alfred et al., 2002, 176. Dobson, 1875 country LC - - 2006; Talmale and Dormer’s Pipistrelle Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

Barbastella leucomelas Himachal Pradesh, The main distribution Alfred et al., 2002, 177. (Cretzschmar, 1826) Jammu & Kashmir, occurs from the Caucasus LC - - 2006; Talmale and Eastern Barbastelle Meghalaya, Sikkim, eastwards including Iran, Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Uttar Pradesh, West Afghanistan and India, and Reeder, 2005 Bengal and onwards to China, Japan and North Africa auritus Himachal Pradesh, European countries Alfred et al., 2002, 178. (Linnaeus, 1758) Jammu & Kashmir, LC - - 2006; Talmale and Brown Long‐eared Meghalaya, Sikkim, Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bat Uttar Pradesh, West and Reeder, 2005 Bengal

Falsistrellus affinis Kerala, Maharashtra, China, Myanmar, Nepal Alfred et al., 2002, 179. (Dobson, 1871) Tamil Nadu, and Sri Lanka LC - - 2006; Talmale and Chocolate Pipistrelle Uttarakhand and West Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bengal and Reeder, 2005

180. io Thomas, 1902 Assam and Meghalaya China, Loas, Myanmar, LC - - Alfred et al.,2002, 2006; Great Evening Bat Nepal, Thailand and Viet Talmale and Pradhan, Nam 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

Tylonycteris pachypus Andaman & Nicobar Bangladesh, Brunei Alfred et al., 2002, (Temminck, 1840) Is., Karnataka, Kerala, Darussalam, Cambodia, 2006; Talmale and Lesser Bamboo Bat Manipur, Meghalaya, China, Hong Kong, LC - - Pradhan, 2009; Wilson 181. Mizoram, Sikkim, Indonesia, Loas, and Reeder, 2005 Tripura and West Malaysia, Myanmar, Bengal Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 289 robustula Mizoram Brunei Darussalam, Wilson and Reeder, Thomas, 1915 Cambodia, China, - 2005 182. Greater Bamboo Bat Indonesia, Loas, LC - Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam 183. Myotis annectans Nagaland and West Cambodia, China, Loas LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, (Dobson, 1871) Bengal and Thailand 2006; Talmale and Hairy‐faced Myotis Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

Myotis daubentonii Assam Distributed from Alfred et al., 2002, 184. (Kuhl, 1817) Portugal, Ireland and LC - - 2006; Talmale and Daubenton’s Bat Norway through Europe Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and northern Asia to the and Reeder, 2005 Far East (Korea and Japan) Myotis blythii (Tomes, Himachal Pradesh, Southern Europe, Alfred et al., 2002, 185. 1857) Lesser Jammu & Kashmir, southern parts of central LC - - 2006; Talmale and Mouse‐eared Myotis Rajasthan Europe, and non-arid Pradhan, 2009; Wilson parts of southwestern and Reeder, 2005 Asia

Myotis formosus Assam, Bihar, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Alfred et al., 2002, (Hodgson, 1835) Himachal Pradesh, China, Indonesia, Korea, 2006; Talmale and 186. Hodgson’s Myotis Jammu & Kashmir, Loas, Nepal, Philippines LC - - Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Jharkhand, and Taiwan and Reeder, 2005 Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and West Bengal Myotis laniger Peters, Meghalaya China and Viet Nam Wilson and Reeder, 187. 1871 Chinese Water 2005 Myotis LC - - Myotis longipes Jammu & Kashmir and Afghanistan, China and Alfred et al., 2002, 188. (Dobson, 1873) Meghalaya Nepal DD - - 2006; Talmale and Kashmir Cave Myotis Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

Myotis montivagus Andhra Pradesh, China, Loas, Malaysia, Alfred et al., 2002, 189. (Dobson, 1874) Karnataka, Kerala, Myanmar and Viet Nam LC - - 2006; Talmale and Burmese Whiskered Maharashtra, Mizoram Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Myotis and Tamil Nadu and Reeder, 2005

Myotis muricola Assam, Himachal Afghanistan, Bhutan, Alfred et al., 2002, (Gray, 1846) Nepalese Pradesh, Jammu & Brunei Darussalam, 2006; Talmale and 190. Whiskered Myotis Kashmir, Jharkhand, Cambodia, China, LC - - Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Meghalaya Mizoram, Indonesia, Loas, and Reeder, 2005 Sikkim, Uttarakhand Malaysia, Myanmar, and West Bengal Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Viet Nam Myotis sicarius Sikkim and West Nepal Alfred et al., 2002, 191. Thomas, 1915 Bengal 2006; Talmale and Mandelli’s VU - - Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Mouse‐eared Myotis and Reeder, 2005

192. Myotis siligorensis Meghalaya, Sikkim, Cambodia, China, LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, (Horsfield, 1855) Uttarakhand and West Indonesia, Loas, 2006; Talmale and Himalayan Whiskered Bengal Malaysia, Myanmar, Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Myotis Nepal and Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005

193. Miniopterus magnate North East India China, Indonesia, LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Sanborn, 1931 Myanmar and Papua 2006; Talmale and Western New Guinea Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Long‐fingered Bat and Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 290 Miniopterus Karnataka, From south-western Alfred et al., 2002, 194. schreibersii Maharashtra, Europe and north and NT - - 2006; Talmale and (Kuhl, 1817) Meghalaya, Uttar west Africa through Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Schreibers’s Pradesh and West Anatolia and the Middle and Reeder, 2005 Long‐fingered Bat Bengal East to the Caucasus

195. Harpiocephalus harpia Assam, Kerala, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, (Temminck, 1840) Meghalaya, Mizoram, Loas, Philippines, 2006; Talmale and Lesser Hairy‐winged Sikkim, Tamil Nadu Taiwan, Thailand and Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bat and West Bengal Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005

196. Harpiocephalus North East India Loas, Malaysia, DD - - Alfred et al., 2002, mordax Thomas, 1923 Myanmar, Thailand and 2006; Talmale and Greater Hairy‐winged Viet Nam Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bat and Reeder, 2005

197. Murina aurata Sikkim China, Loas, Myanmar, LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Milne‐Edwards, 1872 Nepal, Thailand and Viet 2006; Talmale and Little Tube‐nosed Bat Nam Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

Murina cyclotis Andhra Pradesh, Bangladesh, Brunei Alfred et al., 2002, Dobson, 1872 Meghalaya, Mizoram, Darussalam, Cambodia, 2006; Talmale and 198. Round‐eared Andaman & Nicobar China, Loas, Malaysia, LC - - Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Tube‐nosed Bat Is., Sikkim, Tamil Myanmar, Nepal, and Reeder, 2005 Nadu and West Bengal Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam

Murina huttoni Arunachal Pradesh, China, Loas, Malaysia, Alfred et al., 2002, 199. (Peters, 1872) Assam, Jammu & Myanmar, Nepal, LC - - 2006; Talmale and Hutton’s Tube‐nosed Kashmir, Meghalaya, Pakistan, Thailand and Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bat Uttarakhand and West Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005 Bengal

200. Murina leucogaster North East India and Bhutan, China, Japan, DD - - Alfred et al., 2002, Milne‐Edwards, 1872 West Bengal Nepal and Thailand 2006; Talmale and Greater Tube‐nosed Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bat and Reeder, 2005

201. Murina tubinaris Jammu & Kashmir Cambodia, Loas, LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, (Scully, 1881) Scully’s Myanmar, Pakistan, 2006; Talmale and Tube‐nosed Bat Thailand and Viet Nam Pradhan, 2009; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

Kerivoula hardwickii Assam, Jammu & This widespread species Alfred et al., 2002, (Horsfield, 1824) Kashmir, Karnataka, ranges from southern and 2006; Talmale and 202. Hardwicke’s Woolly Meghalaya, Mizoram, northern South Asia, LC - - Pradhan, 2009; Wilson Bat Nagaland and West southern China, and and Reeder, 2005 Bengal throughout continental and insular Southeast Asia Kerivoula picta Andhra Pradesh, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Alfred et al.,2002, 2006; (Pallas, 1767) Painted Assam, Goa, China, Indonesia Loas, LC - - Talmale and Pradhan, 203. Woolly Bat Karnataka, Kerala, Malaysia, Myanmar, 2009; Prater, 1971; Maharashtra, Odisha, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Wilson and Reeder, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Thailand and Viet Nam 2005 Tamil Nadu and West Bengal IX. Order: Pholidota 25. Family: MANIDAE (Pangolins) Manis crassicaudata Widely distributed Bangladesh, Pakistan and Alfred et al., 2002, 204. E. Geoffroy, 1803 from the plains and Sri Lanka NT I II 2006; Srinivasulu and Indian Pangolin lower hills south of the Srinivasulu, 2004; Himalayas to South Prater, 1971; Wilson India and Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 291 205. Manis pentadactyla North East India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, EN I II Alfred et al., 2002, Linnaeus, 1758 Sikkim China, Hong Kong, Loas, 2006; Srinivasulu and Chinese Pangolin Myanmar, Nepal, Srinivasulu, 2004; Taiwan, Thailand and Prater, 1971; Wilson Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005

X. Order: Carnivora 26. Family: FELIDAE (Cats) Catopuma temminckii North East India and Bangladesh, Bhutan, Alfred et al., 2002, 206. (Vigors and Horsfield, Sikkim Cambodia, China, 2006; Pocock, 1939; 1827) Indonesia, Loas, NT I I Prater, 1971; Wilson Asiatic Golden Cat Malaysia, Myanmar, and Reeder, 2005 Nepal, Thailand and Viet Nam Felis chaus Schreber, South India, Gujarat, Egypt, West and Central Alfred et al., 2002, 207. 1777 Jammu & Kashmir, Asia, South and 2006; Pocock, 1939; Jungle Cat Madhya Pradesh, Southeast Asia LC II II Prater, 1971; Wilson Rajasthan, Sikkim, and Reeder, 2005 Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal 208. Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, Jammu & Kashmir From western Europe LC - II Alfred et al., 2002, 1758) Eurasian Lynx through the boreal forests 2006; Pocock, 1939; of Russia, and down into Prater, 1971; Wilson central Asia and the and Reeder, 2005 Tibetan plateau Otocolobus manul Jammu & Kashmir Central Asia Alfred et al., 2002, 209. Pallas, 1776 Pallas’s NT I II 2006; Pocock, 1939; Cat Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Pardofelis marmorata North East India Bhutan, Brunei Alfred et al., 2002, 210. (Martin, 1837) Darussalam, Cambodia, 2006; Pocock, 1939; Marbled Cat China, Indonesia, Loas, VU I I Prater, 1971; Wilson Malaysia (Malaysia, and Reeder, 2005 Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam Prionailurus Central, North East South and East Asia Alfred et al., 2002, 211. bengalensis (Kerr, and North West India 2006; Pocock, 1939; 1792) LC I II Wilson and Reeder, Leopard Cat 2005

Prionailurus Andhra Pradesh, Sri Lanka Alfred et al., 2002, rubiginosus Gujarat, Jammu & 2006; Pocock, 1939; 212. (I. Geoffroy Kashmir, Madhya VU I I Wilson and Reeder, Saint‐Hilaire, 1831) Pradesh and Tamil 2005 Rusty‐spotted Cat Nadu

Neofelis nebulosa North East India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Alfred et al., 2002, 213. (Griffith, 1821) Sikkim and West Cambodia, China, Loas, VU I I 2006; Pocock, 1939; Clouded Leopard Bengal Malaysia, Myanmar, Prater, 1971; Wilson Nepal, Thailand and Viet and Reeder, 2005 Nam Panthera pardus Throughout India in Spread over some parts Alfred et al., 2002, 214. (Linnaeus, 1758) suitable habitats of Africa and NT - I 2006; Pocock, 1939; Leopard tropical Asia, from Prater, 1971; Wilson Siberia, South and West and Reeder, 2005 Asia to across most of sub-Saharan Africa Panthera tigris Throughout country in Asian range states: Alfred et al., 2002, (Linnaeus, 1758) suitable habitats except Bangladesh, Bhutan, 2006; Pocock, 1939; 215. Tiger desert and extreme Cambodia, China, EN I I Prater, 1971; Wilson cold region Indonesia, Laos , and Reeder, 2005 Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Thailand and Viet Nam Uncia uncial Himachal Pradesh, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Alfred et al., 2002, (Schreber, 1775) Snow Jammu & Kashmir, China, Kazakhstan, 2006; Pocock, 1939; 216. Leopard Sikkim and Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, EN I I Prater, 1971; Wilson Uttarakhand Nepal, Pakistan, Russian and Reeder, 2005 Federation, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 292

27. Family: VIVERRIDAE (Civets and Palm civets) Bangladesh, Bhutan, Arctictis binturong North East India and Brunei Darussalam, 217. (Raffles, 1821) Sikkim Cambodia, China, VU I III Alfred et al., 2002, Binturong Indonesia, Loas, 2006; Prater, 1971; Malaysia, Myanmar, Wilson and Reeder, Nepal, Philippines, 2005 Thailand and Viet Nam Bangladesh, Bhutan, 218. Brunei Darussalam, LC II - Arctogalidia trivirgata North East India Cambodia, China, (Gray, 1832) Indonesia, Loas, Alfred et al., 2002; Small‐toothed Palm Malaysia, Myanmar, Pocock, 1939; Prater, Civet Nepal, Philippines, 1971; Wilson and Thailand and Viet Nam Reeder, 2005 Bhutan, Brunei Paguma larvata (C. E. North East India, Darussalam, Cambodia, 219. H. Smith, 1827) Andaman & Nicobar China, Indonesia , Loas, LC II III Alfred et al., 2002, Masked Palm Civet Is., Himachal Pradesh, Malaysia, Myanmar, 2006; Pocock, 1939; Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh Nepal, Thailand and Viet Prater, 1971; Wilson and West Bengal Nam and Reeder, 2005 Paradoxurus Bangladesh, Bhutan, hermaphroditus Brunei Darussalam, 220. (Pallas, 1777) Cambodia, China, LC II III Alfred et al., 2002, Asian Palm Civet Almost throughout the Indonesia, Loas, 2006; Pocock, 1939; country except desert Malaysia, Myanmar, Prater, 1971; Wilson part of Rajasthan and Nepal, Philippines, and Reeder, 2005 Gujarat Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam Cambodia, China, Loas, 221. Prionodon pardicolor Sub Himalayan region Myanmar, Nepal, LC I I Alfred et al., 2002, Hodgson, 1842 in the North East Thailand and Viet Nam 2006; Prater, 1971; Spotted Linsang India, Sikkim and Pocock, 1939; Wilson West Bengal and Reeder, 2005 Bhutan, Cambodia, 222. Viverra zibetha China, Loas, Malaysia, NT II III Alfred et al., 2002, Linnaeus, 1758 Large North East India, Myanmar, Nepal, 2006; Pocock, 1939; Indian Civet Sikkim and West Singapore, Thailand and Prater, 1971; Wilson Bengal Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005 Viverricula indica (E. Bangladesh, Bhutan, 223. Geoffroy Throughout the Cambodia, China, Saint‐Hilaire, 1803) country in suitable Indonesia, Loas, LC II III Alfred et al., 2002, Small Indian Civet habitats Malaysia, Myanmar, 2006; Pocock, 1939; Nepal, Sri Lanka, Prater, 1971; Wilson Thailand and Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005

28. Family: HERPESTIDAE (Mongooses) Herpestes edwardsii Afghanistan, Bahrain, 224. (É. Geoffroy Throughout the Bhutan, Indonesia, Iran, Saint‐Hilaire, 1818) country in suitable Japan, Kuwait, Malaysia, LC II III Alfred et al., 2002, Grey Mongoose habitats Mauritius, Nepal, 2006; Pocock, 1941; Pakistan, Saudi Arabia Prater, 1971; Wilson and Sri Lanka and Reeder, 2005 Herpestes javanicus Andhra Pradesh, Wide range from Iran Alfred et al., 2002, 225. (É. Geoffroy Gujarat, Jammu & through northern and LC - III 2006; Pocock, 1941; Saint‐Hilaire, 1818) Kashmir and North into Indochina Prater, 1971; Wilson Javan Mongoose East India and Reeder, 2005 Herpestes urva (Hodgson, 1836) Bangladesh, Cambodia, 226. Crab‐eating North East India and China, Loas, Malaysia, LC IV III Alfred et al., 2002, Mongoose West Bengal Myanmar, Nepal, 2006; Pocock, 1941; Taiwan, Thailand and Prater, 1971; Wilson Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005

29. Family: HYAENIDAE (Hyena) South to the Nilgiri North and East Africa, Hyaena hyaena hills, west to Gujarat, the Caucasus, the Middle 227. (Linnaeus, 1758) north to lowland of East, Middle and Central NT III III Alfred et al., 2002, Striped Hyena Jammu & Kashmir and Asia and the Indian 2006; Pocock, 1941; Kumaon, east to West Subcontinent Prater, 1971; Wilson Bengal and Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 293

30. Family: CANIDAE (Dogs, Wolves, Jackals, Foxes) 228. Canis aureus Almost throughout the Afghanistan, Central, Alfred et al., 2002, Linnaeus, 1758 country South western and South 2006; Pocock, 1941; Asia, North and East LC II II Prater, 1971; Wilson Africa, Southeastern and Reeder, 2005 Europe, Iran, Nilgeria, Tangania, Thailand, Transcaucasus and Sri Lanka 229. Canis lupus Linnaeus, Throughout the Throughout the northern Alfred et al., 2002, 1758 country except hemisphere, North LC - I 2006; Pocock, 1941; Grey Wolf extreme south America south to 20 ° N. Prater, 1971; Wilson in Oaxaca (Mexico), and Reeder, 2005 Europe, Asia, including the Arabian peninsula and Japan excluding Indo-China 230. Cuon alpinus (Pallas, South of river ganges, Alfred et al., 2002; 1811) peninsula from Coorg Bangladesh, Bhutan, EN II II Pocock, 1941; Prater, and Nilgiri hills Cambodia, China, 1971; Wilson and northwards to Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Reeder, 2005 Kashmir, Sikkim and Kyrgyzstan, Loas, Uttar Pradesh Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Thailand and Viet Nam 231. Vulpes bengalensis Throughout the Alfred et al., 2002, (Shaw, 1800) Bengal country Bangladesh, Nepal and LC II III 2006; Prater, 1971; Fox Pakistan Wilson and Reeder, 2005 232. Vulpes ferrilata Jammu & Kashmir Alfred et al., 2002, Hodgson, 1842 China and Nepal LC I - 2006; Wilson and Tibetan Sand Fox Reeder, 2005

233. Vulpes vulpes Gujarat, Himachal Entire northern Alfred et al., 2002, (Linnaeus, 1758) Pradesh, Jammu & hemisphere from the LC II - 2006; Pocock, 1941; Red Fox Kashmir, Punjab, Arctic Circle to North Prater, 1971; Wilson Rajasthan, Sikkim and Africa, Central America, and Reeder, 2005 Uttar Pradesh and the Asiatic steppes 31. Family: URSIDAE (Bears) 234. Helarctos malayanus South east of Bangladesh, Brunei (Raffles, 1821) Brahmaputra river in Darussalam, Cambodia, Alfred et al., 2002, Sun Bear North East India China, Indonesia, Loas, VU I I 2006; Pocock, 1941; Malaysia, Myanmar, Prater, 1971; Wilson Thailand, Viet Nam and Reeder, 2005 235. Melursus ursinus Throughout in suitable Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Alfred et al., 2002, (Shaw, 1791) habitats Lanka VU I I 2006; Pocock, 1941; Sloth Bear Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 236. Ursus arctos Linnaeus, Jammu & Kashmir and Alfred et al., 2002, 1758 Brown Bear Himachal Pradesh Worldwide LC I I 2006; Pocock, 1941; Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 237. Ursus thibetanus G. Himachal Pradesh, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Alfred et al., 2002, [Baron] Cuvier, 1823 Jammu & Kashmir, Bhutan, Cambodia, 2006; Pocock, 1941; Asiatic Black Bear North East India, China, Iran, Japan, Prater, 1971; Wilson Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh Korea, , Korea, Republic VU I I and Reeder, 2005 and West Bengal of, Loas, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Taiwan, Thailand and Viet Nam 32. Family: MUSTELIDAE (Badgers, Otters, Weasels) 238. Aonyx cinerea (Illiger, Arunachal Pradesh, Bangladesh, Bhutan, 1815) Oriental Assam, Himachal Brunei Darussalam, Small‐clawed Otter Pradesh, Karnataka, Cambodia, China, VU I II Alfred et al., 2002, Kerala, Tamil Nadu Indonesia, Loas, 2006; Pocock, 1941; and West Bengal Malaysia, Myanmar, Prater, 1971; Wilson Nepal, Philippines, and Reeder, 2005 Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 294 Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, North East and South Europe, Asia and Africa Alfred et al., 2002, 1758) European Otter India, Himachal 2006; Pocock, 1941; 239. Pradesh, Jammu & NT - I Prater, 1971; Wilson Kashmir, Maharashtra, and Reeder, 2005 Punjab, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and West Bengal Lutrogale perspicillata Throughout the Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Alfred et al., 2002, 240. (I. Geoffroy country except high Darussalam, Cambodia, VU II II 2006; Pocock, 1941; Saint‐Hilaire, 1826) regions of Himalayas China, Indonesia, Iraq, Loas, Prater, 1971; Wilson Smooth‐coated Otter Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, and Reeder, 2005 Pakistan, Thailand and Viet Nam Arctonyx collaris F.G. North East India, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Alfred et al., 2002, 241. Cuvier, 1825 Sikkim and West Indonesia, Loas, Mongolia, NT I - 2006; Pocock, 1941; Hog‐badger Bengal Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Prater, 1971; Wilson Nam and Reeder, 2005 Martes flavigula Along foothills of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Alfred et al., 2002, (Boddaert, 1785) Himalaya from Darussalam, Cambodia, 2006; Pocock, 1941; 242. Yellow‐throated Kashmir to North east, China, Indonesia, Korea, , LC II III Wilson and Reeder, Marten Karnataka, Kerala and Korea, Republic of, Loas, 2005 Tamil Nadu Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam

Martes foina Himachal Pradesh, Europe and central Asia Alfred et al., 2002, 243. (Erxleben, 1777) Jammu & Kashmir and LC II III 2006; Pocock, 1941; Beech Marten Uttar Pradesh Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Mellivora capensis Throughout the Most of sub-Saharan Africa Alfred et al., 2002, (Schreber, 1776) country except North from the Western Cape, 2006; Pocock, 1941; 244. Honey Badger East India and Jammu South Africa, to southern LC I III Prater, 1971; Wilson & Kashmir Morocco and south-western and Reeder, 2005 Algeria, and outside of Africa through Arabia, Iran and western Asia to Turkmenistan and the Indian peninsula. Melogale moschata North East India China, Loas, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, 245. (Gray, 1831) Chinese Taiwan and Viet Nam LC II - 2006; Prater, 1971; Ferret‐badger Pocock, 1941; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Melogale personata North East India and China, Loas, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, 246. I. Geoffroy West Bengal Nepal, Thailand and Viet 2006; Pocock, 1941; Saint‐Hilaire, 1831 Nam DD II - Prater, 1971; Wilson Burmese Ferret and Reeder, 2005 Badger Mustela altaica Pallas, Himachal Pradesh, Bhutan, China, Kazakhstan, Alfred et al., 2002, 247. 1811 Mountain Jammu & Kashmir, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, 2006; Pocock, 1941; Weasel Sikkim and Uttar Pakistan, Russian Federation NT II III Prater, 1971; Wilson Pradesh and Tajikistan and Reeder, 2005

Mustela erminea Jammu & Kashmir North America, Europe, and Alfred et al., 2002, 248. Linnaeus, 1758 Asia, from Greenland and LC - - 2006; Pocock, 1941; Ermine the Canadian and Siberian Wilson and Reeder, Arctic islands south to about 2005 35°N Mustela kathiah North East India, Bhutan, China, Loas, Alfred et al., 2002; 249. Hodgson, 1835 Jammu & Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand LC II III Pocock, 1941; Prater, Yellow-bellied Weasel Himachal Pradesh, and Viet Nam 1971; Wilson and Sikkim and Uttar Reeder, 2005 Pradesh Mustela sibirica Himalayas from Bhutan, China, Japan, Alfred et al., 2002, 250. Pallas, 1773 Siberian Jammu & Kashmir to Korea, , Korea, Republic of, LC - - 2006; Pocock, 1941; Weasel North East India Loas, Mongolia, Myanmar, Prater, 1971; Wilson Nepal, Pakistan, Russian and Reeder, 2005 Federation, Taiwan, Thailand and Viet Nam Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 295 Mustela strigidorsa 251. Gray, 1853 Sikkim, North East China, Loas, Myanmar, LC II - Alfred et al., 2002, Back‐striped Weasel India Thailand and Viet Nam 2006; Pocock, 1941; Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

33. Family: AILURIDAE (Red panda) Ailurus fulgens F.G. Arunachal Pradesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar Alfred et al., 2002, 252. Cuvier, 1825 Red Sikkim and West and Nepal VU I I 2006; Pocock, 1941; Panda Bengal Prater, 1971; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 XI. Order: Perissodactyla 34. Family: EQUIDAE (Asses) Equus kiang 253. Moorcroft, 1841 Jammu & Kashmir and China, Nepal and LC I II Alfred et al., 2002, Kiang Sikkim Pakistan 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

34. Family: RHINOCEROTIDAE (Rhinoceroses) ** Dicerorhinus Indonesia, Malaysia, 254. sumatrensis Bangladesh, Bhutan, - I (G.Fischer, 1814) In past it used to occur Brunei Darussalam, CR Prater, 1971; Wilson Sumatran Rhinoceros in North East India Cambodia, Loas, and Reeder, 2005 Thailand and Viet Nam ** Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, Indonesia, Viet Nam, 255. 1822 In past it used to occur Bangladesh, Cambodia, CR - I Prater, 1971; Wilson Javan Rhinoceros in North East India China, Loas, Malaysia, and Reeder, 2005 Myanmar and Thailand Rhinoceros unicornis Assam, Uttar Pradesh Bangladesh, Bhutan and Alfred et al., 2002, 256. Linnaeus, 1758 and West Bengal Nepal VU I I 2006; Prater, 1971; Indian Rhinoceros Wilson and Reeder, 2005 XII. Order: Artiodactyla 35. Family: () Porcula salvania South of the 257. Hodgson, 1847 Pygmy Himalayan foothills Bangladesh and Nepal CR I I Alfred et al., 2002, Hog from north-western 2006; Wilson and Uttar Pradesh and Reeder, 2005 Assam Sus scrofa Linnaeus, All continents except 258. 1758 Throughout the Antarctica, and on many LC III - Alfred et al., 2002, Wild Pig country oceanic islands 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005

36. Family: () Moschus chrysogaster Jammu & Kashmir, Alfred et al., 2002, 259. (Hodgson, 1839) Himachal Pradesh, Bhutan, China and Nepal EN I I 2006; Prater, 1971; Uttar Pradesh and Wilson and Reeder, Sikkim 2005 Moschus cupreus 260. Grubb, 1982 Kashmir Jammu & Kashmir Afghanistan and Pakistan EN I I Wilson and Reeder, Musk Deer 2005 Moschus fuscus Li, Arunachal Pradesh and Bhutan, China, Myanmar 261. 1981 Sikkim and Nepal EN I I Alfred et al., 2002, 2006; Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Moschus leucogaster Hodgson, 1839 North India and Bhutan, China and Nepal Wilson and Reeder, 262. Himalayan Musk Sikkim EN I I 2005 Deer 37. Family: CERVIDAE (Deer) Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777) or Spotted Peninsular India, 263. Deer northwards Kumaon Nepal, Sri Lanka, and LC III - and Sikkim including introduced many parts of Alfred et al.,2002, 2006; Andaman & Nicobar the world Prater, 1971; Wilson Is.and West Bengal and Reeder, 2005 Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 296 Axis porcinus Bangladesh, Bhutan, 264. (Zimmermann, 1780) Himachal Pradesh, Cambodia, Nepal, EN III - Alfred et al., 2002, Hog Deer North East India, Pakistan, Thailand, 2006; Prater, 1971; Punjab, Uttar Pradesh Australia, Sri Lanka and Wilson and Reeder, and West Bengal United States 2005 Cervus elaphus Wide distribution 265. Linnaeus, 1758 Red Jammu & Kashmir and extending from Europe LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, Deer Himachal Pradesh and North Africa through 2006; Prater, 1971; central Asia, Siberia, the Wilson and Reeder, Far East and North 2005 America Almost throughout the Bangladesh, Bhutan, Alfred et al., 2002, 266. Muntiacus muntjak country except Jammu China, Indonesia, LC III - 2006; Prater, 1971; (Zimmermann, 1780) & Kashmir and desert Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan Wilson and Reeder, Indian region and Sri Lanka 2005 Muntiacus putaoensis 267. Amato, Egan and Arunachal Pradesh Myanmar DD - - Wilson and Reeder, Rabinowitz, 1999 2005 Leaf Deer duvaucelii Assam, Madhya Alfred et al., 2002, 268. (G. Cuvier, 1823) Pradesh and Uttar Nepal VU I I 2006; Prater, 1971; Swamp Deer Pradesh Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Rucervus eldii (Mc Alfred et al., 2002, 269. Clelland, 1842) Eld’s Manipur Cambodia, China, Loas EN I I 2006; Prater, 1971; Deer and Myanmar Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, 270. unicolor (Kerr, Indonesia, Loas, VU III - 1792) Sambar Tamil Nadu, Malaysia, Myanmar, Alfred et al., 2002, northwards to Uttar Nepal, Sri Lanka, 2006; Prater, 1971; Pradesh, east to North Taiwan, Thailand and Wilson and Reeder, East India Viet Nam 2005

38. Family: (, Antelope, Sheep, ) 271. Procapra picticaudata Jammu & Kashmir, China NT I - Alfred et al., 2002, Hodgson, 1846 Sikkim and Uttar 2006; Wilson and Tibetan Gazelle Pradesh Reeder, 2005 EN 272. ** Bos javanicus In past it used to occur Cambodia, Indonesia, Prater, 1971; Wilson d'Alton, 1823 in Manipur Laos, Malaysia, EX - - and Reeder, 2005 Myanmar, Thailand and (India) Viet Nam Bos gaurus C.H. Smith, 1827 South India, Assam, Bangladesh, Bhutan, 273. Arunachal Pradesh, Cambodia, China, Loas, VU I I ICZN, 2003; Gentry et Bihar, Goa, Madhya Malaysia, Myanmar, al., 1996 & 2004; Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nepal, Thailand and Viet Prater, 1971 Odisha and West Nam Bengal Bos mutus 274. (Przewalski, 1883) Jammu & Kashmir and China and Nepal VU I I ICZN, 2003; Gentry et Himachal Pradesh al.,1996; Prater, 1971 Boselaphus From base of Alfred et al., 2002, 275. tragocamelus Himalayas to Andhra Nepal, Pakistan and 2006; Prater, 1971; (Pallas, 1766) Pradesh, Bihar, introduced in United LC III - Wilson and Reeder, Gujarat, Haryana, States 2005 Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh arnee (Kerr, Bhutan, Cambodia, 1792) Arunachal Pradesh and Myanmar, Nepal and EN I - ICZN, 2003; Gentry et 276. Indian Assam, Madhya Thailand al., 1996, 2004; Prater, Pradesh, Maharashtra, 1971 Meghalaya, Odisha and West Bengal Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 297 Tetracerus Alfred et al., 2002, 277. quadricornis From the Himalayan Nepal VU I - 2006; Prater, 1971; (de Blainville, 1816) foothills to peninsular Wilson and Reeder, Four‐horned Antelope India 2005 Alfred et al., 2002, 278. Budorcas taxicolor Arunachal Pradesh and Bhutan, China and VU I II 2006; Prater, 1971; Hodgson, 1850 Takin Sikkim Myanmar Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Alfred et al., 2002, 279. Capra falconeri Himachal Pradesh, Afghanistan, Pakistan, EN I I 2006; Prater, 1971; (Wagner, 1839) Jammu & Kashmir and Tajikistan and Uzbekistan Wilson and Reeder, Uttar Pradesh 2005 280. Capra sibirica (Pallas, Himachal Pradesh, Pakistan LC - - Alfred et al., 2002, 1776) Jammu & Kashmir and 2006; Wilson and Uttar Pradesh Reeder, 2005 Capricornis thar 281. (Hodgson, 1831) Northern India and Bangladesh, Bhutan, Prater, 1971; Wilson Himalayan Sikkim China and Nepal NT I I and Reeder, 2005 Hemitragus jemlahicus China, Nepal introduced Alfred et al., 2002, 282. (C.H. Smith, 1826) Himachal Pradesh, New Zealand and South NT I - 2006; Prater, 1971; Himalayan Jammu & Kashmir, Africa Wilson and Reeder, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh 2005 and West Bengal Naemorhedus baileyi 283. Pocock, 1914 Red Arunachal Pradesh China and Myanmar VU III I Wilson and Reeder, Goral 2005

Naemorhedus goral 284. (Hardwicke, 1825) Himachal Pradesh, Alfred et al., 2002, Jammu & Kashmir, Bhutan, China, Nepal and NT III I 2006; Prater, 1971; North East India, Pakistan Wilson and Reeder, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh 2005 and West Bengal Naemorhedus griseus (Milne‐Edwards, North East India (east China, Myanmar, Wilson and Reeder, 285. 1871) and south of the Thailand and Viet Nam VU III I 2005 Chinese Goral Brahmaputra) * Nilgiritragus hylocrius (Ogilby, Alfred et al., 2002, 286. 1838) Kerala and Tamil EN I - 2006; Prater, 1971; Nadu - Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Ovis ammon Afghanistan, China, 287. (Linnaeus, 1758) Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, NT - II Alfred et al., 2002, Jammu & Kashmir, Mongolia, Nepal, 2006; Prater, 1971; Himachal Pradesh, Pakistan, Russian Wilson and Reeder, Sikkim and Uttar Federation, Tajikistan 2005 Pradesh and Uzbekistan Ovis orientalis Gmelin, Armenia, Azerbaijan, 288. 1774 Jammu & Kashmir and Iran, Kazakhstan, Oman, VU I I Alfred et al., 2002, Urial Punjab Pakistan, Tajikistan, 2006; Prater, 1971; Turkey, Turkmenistan Wilson and Reeder, and Uzbekistan 2005 Alfred et al., 2002, 289. Pantholops hodgsonii Jammu & Kashmir China EN I I 2006; Prater, 1971; (Abel, 1826) Chiru Wilson and Reeder, 2005 Pseudois nayaur Alfred et al., 2002, 290. (Hodgson, 1833) Himachal Pradesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, LC - I 2006; Prater, 1971; Jammu & Kashmir and Nepal and Pakistan Wilson and Reeder, Sikkim 2005 XIII. Order: CETACEA 39. Family: PLATANISTIDAE (River dolphins) Platanista gangetica The rivers 291. (Roxburgh, 1801) Brahmaputra, Ganges, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Alfred et al., 2002, South Asian River Hoogley Karnaphuli, Nepal EN - I 2006; Prater, 1971; Dolphin Meghna and their Wilson and Reeder, tributaries and Indian 2005 seas Where * Species Endemic to India; ** Species Extinct from India. Abbreviations:IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; EX: Extinct; CR: Critically Endangered; EN: Endangered; VU: Vulnerable; NT: Near Threatened; LC: Least Concern; DD: Data Deficient. IW(P)A: Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Sharma, Kamalakannan, Dam and Husain 298 Biological resources have traditionally been a major source Alfred, J. R. B., A. K. Das and A. K. Sanyal. 2002. Ecosystems of of food for local inhabitants and of major economic value India. Published by the ENVIS Centre, Zool. Surv. in terms of commercial exploitation. 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