Doğu Türkistan Tarihinde Kirgizlarin
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Birth of Uyghur National History in Semirech'ye
ORIENTE MODERNO Oriente Moderno 96 (�0�6) �8�-�96 brill.com/ormo Birth of Uyghur National History in Semirech’ye Näzärγoja Abdusemätov and His Historical Works Ablet Kamalov Institute of Oriental Studies and University Turan – Almaty [email protected] Abstract The article discusses the birth of a national historical discourse in Central Asia at the turn of the 20th century with special reference to the Taranchi Turks of Russian Semirech’ye (Zhetissu) and early example of Uyghur national history written by the Taranchi intellectual Näzärγoja Abdusemätov (d. 1951). The article shows how intel- lectuals among the Taranchi Turks, an ethnic group who settled in the Semirech’ye oblast of the Russian Empire in late 19th century, became involved in debates on nations and national history organized on the pages of the Tatar newspapers and jour- nals in the Volga region of Russia. Näzärγoja Abdusemätov’s published work Ili Taranchi Türklirining tarihi (‘History of the Taranchi Turks of Ili’) receives particular attention as part of an examination of the evolution of the author’s ideas about an Uyghur nation. Keywords Semirech’ye – Taranchi Turks – Kazakhstan – Uyghur – National history – Näzärγoja Abdusemätov Introduction As Nationalism studies show, history plays a very important role in shaping ethnic and national identity. The spread of nationalistic discourse in Europe was accompanied by the emergence of an ethnocentric vision on the historical past focusing on the real or imagined past of particular ethnic groups imagined now as a ‘nation’. This new vision on the past contrasted with previous narra- tions of history centred mainly on stories of dynasties, outstanding persons © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���6 | doi �0.��63/���386�7-��340099 182 Kamalov (‘history of big men’) or other wealthy people. -
First Contact Between Ya'qūb Beg and the Qing
Journal of Asian and African Studies, No., Article First Contact between Ya‘qūb Beg and the Qing e Diplomatic Correspondence of * Shinmen, Yasushi Onuma, Takahiro e collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei includes a Turkic let- ter sent to the Qing Dynasty in early 1871 by Ya‘qūb Beg (1820?–77), who established a political regime over the oasis cities of Xinjiang in the late 19th century. Here we introduce this Turkic document and consider the activities and intentions of Ya‘qūb Beg at that time. e aim of this paper is to reveal new facts about contacts between Ya‘qūb Beg and the Qing Dynasty. In 1870, Ya‘qūb Beg went on an expedition to Turfan and Urumchi and extended his territory to the east. During this campaign, Ya‘qūb Beg released and returned the Qing officials captured in Turfan and Urumchi by the Tungans and sent this letter to the Qing. e letter carefully explains how his conquest and rule of Xinjiang were legitimate; his actions were rationalized as the will of God and thus beyond human intellect. From the letter, we appreciate Ya‘qūb Beg’s desire to have the Qing acknowledge that his rule was an accom- plished fact. The Qing authorities in Hami immediately replied with the “Letter of Admonition,” in which clearly states that Xinjiang was part of the Qing’s “dynastic territory.” At the same time, the authorities began to explore possi- bilities for cooperation not only with the local Chinese militias, but also with the Tungans for defense against Ya‘qūb Beg. -
Mpub10110094.Pdf
An Introduction to Chaghatay: A Graded Textbook for Reading Central Asian Sources Eric Schluessel Copyright © 2018 by Eric Schluessel Some rights reserved This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, California, 94042, USA. Published in the United States of America by Michigan Publishing Manufactured in the United States of America DOI: 10.3998/mpub.10110094 ISBN 978-1-60785-495-1 (paper) ISBN 978-1-60785-496-8 (e-book) An imprint of Michigan Publishing, Maize Books serves the publishing needs of the University of Michigan community by making high-quality scholarship widely available in print and online. It represents a new model for authors seeking to share their work within and beyond the academy, offering streamlined selection, production, and distribution processes. Maize Books is intended as a complement to more formal modes of publication in a wide range of disciplinary areas. http://www.maizebooks.org Cover Illustration: "Islamic Calligraphy in the Nasta`liq style." (Credit: Wellcome Collection, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/chengwfg/, licensed under CC BY 4.0) Contents Acknowledgments v Introduction vi How to Read the Alphabet xi 1 Basic Word Order and Copular Sentences 1 2 Existence 6 3 Plural, Palatal Harmony, and Case Endings 12 4 People and Questions 20 5 The Present-Future Tense 27 6 Possessive -
EAST 303 Borderlands of Modern China Fall 2021 T/TH 4:05-5:25 PM Location: 688 Sherbrooke, Room 491 Mcgill University
EAST 303 Borderlands of Modern China Fall 2021 T/TH 4:05-5:25 PM Location: 688 Sherbrooke, Room 491 McGill University INSTRUCTOR Dr. David Porter Office: Ferrier 330 Office Hours: Friday 1:45 PM – 3:45 – available in person OR by Zoom E-mail: [email protected] OVERVIEW This lecture course explores how China came to acquire its current shape and population through centuries of imperial conquest, colonial expansion, and cross-ethnic alliance building along its northwestern and southwestern borders. Beginning around 1600, with the rise of the Manchu- dominated Qing dynasty along the Ming state's northeastern frontiers, the course continues to the present day, as the People's Republic of China imposes new forms (but not without historical analogs) of forcible cultural assimilation and policies designed to suppress distinctive forms of ethnic, religious, and linguistic identity in regions like Xinjiang, Tibet, Hong Kong and Inner Mongolia. We will first investigate how and why the Qing empire extended its borders far into Inner Asia and deepened control of regions like Guizhou and Taiwan, with close cultural and historical links to Southeast Asia and largely non-Han populations. The course will then explore how Chinese intellectuals and political figures, mostly Han, in the late Qing and Republic of China, transformed territories conquered by the armies of a Manchu dynasty into integral parts of their idea of China. Finally, we will look at the development of the PRC as a self-consciously multiethnic state and the spread of revolutionary ideas under social and economic conditions far different from those that prevailed in the Han-dominated center. -
Theoretical-Methodological Basis of Studying of the History of Uighurs in Uzbekistan According to Diasporas
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 Theoretical-Methodological Basis Of Studying Of The History Of Uighurs In Uzbekistan According To Diasporas Khaynazarov Bahrom, Tursunov Ravshan, Urakov Dilshodbek Abstract: The article is devoted to the theoretical-methodological basis of studying, which is based on researching diasporas, of the history of Uigurs in Uzbekistan, who have the most diasporas all over the world. This issue has been lightened through some factors of diasporas such as forming stages of Uighurs in Uzbekistan as a diaspora, their migration, the number of the migrants, social structure, locative geography, ethnic factors affecting the migratory movement, transnational and trans-border features, the reasons of permanently living in the territory of Uzbekistan, their relations with the historical homeland and so on. Also, some specialties like in Uzbekistan, Uighur diaspora‘s assimilation, acculturation, transmission, transformation, their identity as tasks of the country where they live, and others points have been covered. Moreover, their contribution to the peace among different nations and folk in Uzbekistan because of suitable made social-political conditions has been highlighted. Index Terms: Uighur, diaspora, Uzbekistan, Eastern Turkestan, migration, Kashgarian. —————————— —————————— More than 130 nationalities living in Uzbekistan are supplied 1. INTRODUCTION with opportunities to preserve and develop their national The migration processes of the world‘s population became culture, traditions and ceremonies. The government policy globalized in 20th century, and immigrants did diasporas which is aimed at ensuring interethnic harmony is distinguishing with their culture, life style, language. emphasized upon the issue of ‗strengthening a single Nowadays, there are more than 200 countries in the world in multinational family atmosphere, respecting young people which over three thousand ethnicities live. -
The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History
THE SACRED ROUTES OF UYGHUR HISTORY THE SACRED ROUTES OF UYGHUR HISTORY Rian Thum Cambridge, Massachusetts London, En gland 2014 Copyright © 2014 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First Printing Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Thum, Rian Richard. The sacred routes of Uyghur history / Rian Thum. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 674- 59855- 3 (alkalne paper) 1. Uighur (Turkic people)— Historiography. 2. Uighur (Turkic people)— Travel. 3. Uighur (Turkic people)— Intellectual life. 4. Uighur (Turkic people)— Religion. 5. Manuscripts, Uighur—History. 6. Islam— China— Takla Makan Desert Region— Manuscripts—History. 7. Pilgrims and pilgrimages— China—Takla Makan Desert Region— History. 8. Sacred space—China—Takla Makan Desert Region— History. 9. Takla Makan Desert Region (China)— History, Local. 10. Nationalism— China—Takla Makan Desert Region— History. I. Title. DS731.U4T48 2014 951'.60072—dc23 2014006244 CONTENTS Note on Orthography vii INTRODUCTION 1 1. THE HISTORICAL CANON 16 2. MANUSCRIPT TECHNOLOGY 52 3. THE SHRINE 96 4. HISTORY IN MOTION 133 5. SAINTS OF THE NATION 163 6. THE STATE 210 CONCLUSION 245 Notes 257 Ac know ledg ments 311 Index 313 NOTE ON ORTHOGRAPHY American Library Association— Library of Congress (ALA- LC) roman- ization systems are used for Persian, Uyghur, Rus sian, and Arabic. For the Turki dialect used in Altishahr before the development of the mod- ern Uyghur alphabet, I have used the ALA-LC Persian transliteration system, with some vowel changes, mainly in words of Turkic origin. Pin- yin is used for Chinese. -
1 Racism, Religion and Governmentality In
Racism, religion and governmentality in China the Muslim rebellion in the 19th century Yuehua Dong Field of study: Religion in Peace and Conflict Level: Master Credits: 30 credits Thesis Defense: Spring 2016 Supervisor: Mattias Gardell Department of Theology Uppsala University 1 Abstract: This thesis consists of historical narratives on Muslim rebellion (1864-1877) in Xinjiang together with several parts of theoretical applications on racial-culturalism, nationalism, governmentality and further discussion on colonialism in the 19th century of China. By taking this 14 years’ historical event as a prototype, with analysis on historical archives, thesis has explored lots of issues which reflect ethnic conflicts on religion, racial-culturalism and governmentality on Xinjiang. With discourse analysis as leading method in analyzing original archives, this thesis depicts racial notions as “shengfan (raw barbarian)”, “shufan (cooked barbarian)” as core opinions in rulers’ political colonial view, hence formed Chinese unification and national identity and even influenced on governmentality in Xinjiang in Qing dynasty. And this vigilance of Qing rulers came from a mixed political consideration which combined islamophobia with frontier security issues. The results of the analysis indicate that there are three features from the events within the empiric materials’ analysis: there was strong evidence to present Qing rulers’ political discourse on ethnocentric view also with racial cultural superiority; the formation of Chinese nationalism was changed with enlarging territory; defects in Qing’s governmentality in Xinjiang became a blasting fuse which led to rebellion. By this researching conclusion, this paper provides more inspirations and indications on perspectives like cultural differences, Qing’s governmentality, frontier security and unification thought in rulers since ancient times. -
Les Beg Musulmans Du Turkestan Oriental (1759-1864)
1887-08-JA2008-1_03_Papas 07-04-2009 11:44 Pagina 23 FONCTIONNAIRES DES FRONTIÈRES DANS L'EMPIRE MANDCHOU: LES BEG MUSULMANS DU TURKESTAN ORIENTAL (1759-1864) PAR ALEXANDRE PAPAS «Jadis j’ai écrit cette phrase ‘déterminé à anéantir les brigands, faisant tout pour parvenir à mes fins’. Maintenant Galdan est mort, et ses parti- sans nous font à nouveau allégeance. Ma grande tâche est terminée. En deux ans, j’ai réalisé trois voyages, à travers les déserts fouettés par le vent et inondés par les pluies, mangeant un jour sur deux, dans les déserts arides et inhabités – on pourrait appeler ceci une épreuve mais je ne l’ai jamais appelé ainsi; les gens évitent ce genre de choses mais je ne les ai jamais évitées. Le voyage incessant et l’épreuve ont mené à cette grande réussite. Je n’aurais jamais dit une telle chose si cela n’avait été pour Gal- dan. Or le Ciel, la Terre et les Ancêtres m’ont protégé et ont permis cette réussite. Quant à ma vie, disons qu’elle est heureuse. Disons qu’elle est accomplie. Disons que j’ai obtenu ce que je voulais. Dans quelques jours, au palais, je vous parlerai de tout ceci en personne (…)»1 C’est ainsi que l’empereur Kangxi (r. 1662-1722) s’exprime au prin- temps 1697 dans une lettre adressée à son eunuque en chef Ku Wenxing. Ces mots sont écrits quelques jours après le suicide du puissant Djoun- gar Galdan Boshogtu Khan (1632?-1697), et quelques mois après une traque sans merci menée par l’empereur lui-même à travers les steppes * Je remercie Françoise Aubin pour sa relecture attentive et pour avoir établi les caractères chinois. -
Central Asia
Central Asia The Library of Dr. Eden Naby including books from the Library of Prof. Richard Nelson Frye 1,041 titles in ca. 1,150 volumes Central Asia The Library of Dr. Eden Naby Dr. Eden Naby (PhD 1975, Columbia University) is a distinguished Iranian-Assyrian cultural historian of Central Asia and the Middle East. A contributing editor on modern Assyria for the "Encyclopædia Iranica," she is the widow of Professor Richard Nelson Frye. Dr. Naby has conducted research, taught and published on minority issues in countries from Turkey to Tajikistan. Her work on Afghanistan and on the Assyrians is outstanding in the field of cultural survival. Dr. Naby was born in the once-important Assyrian village of Golpashan, near Urmia, in Iran. After taking her undergraduate degree at Temple University in 1964, she served in the Peace Corps in Afghanistan, and on receiving her PhD, she taught in Iran. In 1980 she led a CBS 60 Minutes team for the first ever filming of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Dr. Naby was also featured in Charlie Wilson's War (2008) with Dan Rather. In addition to her scholarly work as a lecturer and publishing writer, Dr. Naby has devoted much of her time since 1979 to establishing endowments at United States universities to promote the preservation of Assyrian archives. These endowments, especially at Harvard University, are providing a basis for the preservation of research materials, especially now in the diaspora. Dr. Naby’s husband, the late Professor Richard Nelson Frye, was a renowned scholar of Iranian and Central Asian Studies, and Aga Khan Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Harvard University. -
Bukhara and the Muslims of Russia Brill’S Inner Asian Library
Bukhara and the Muslims of Russia Brill’s Inner Asian Library Editors Michael R. Drompp Devin DeWeese VOLUME 26 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bial Bukhara and the Muslims of Russia Sufism, Education, and the Paradox of Islamic Prestige By Allen J. Frank LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 Cover illustration: A tombstone of the Ming Bashkirs with the mausoleum of Husayn-Bek Turkistani in the background, near Chishmy, Bashkortostan, 1994. Photo by ‑Allen J. Frank. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Frank, Allen J., 1964‑ Bukhara and the Muslims of Russia : Sufism, education, and the paradox of islamic prestige / By Allen J. Frank. p. cm. — (Brill’s inner Asian library ; v. 26) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978‑90‑04‑23288‑4 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978‑90‑04‑23490‑1 (e‑book) 1. Islam—Russia (Federation) 2. Muslims—Russia (Federation) 3. Sufism—Russia (Federation) I. Title. BP63.R8F73 2012 305.6’9709587—dc23 2012025551 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill‑typeface. ISSN 1566‑7162 ISBN 978 90 04 23288 4 (hardback) ISBN 978 90 04 23490 1 (e‑book) Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. -
The Formation of Modern Uyghur Historiography and Competing Perspectives Toward Uyghur History
China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Volume 6, No. 3 (2008) p. 87-100 © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program ISSN: 1653-4212 The Formation of Modern Uyghur Historiography and Competing Perspectives toward Uyghur History Nabijan Tursun* ABSTRACT Uyghur historiography has been subject to widely disparate interpretations in the past century. Turko-Islamic, Russian-European, and Chinese influences have all competed for primacy in understanding the ethnogenesis of Uyghurs. This article focuses on the key issues in this debate, its politicization, and the roles played by Uyghur and Chinese historians in shaping it. The author argues that the political ideologies underpinning it should not diminish its value for Uyghur historiography and the context in which these histories has been written (Eds.). Keywords • Uyghur Historiography • Ethnogenesis • Xinjiang • Turko-Islamic Civilization Introduction Just as Uyghur regions have been a battleground for competing powers, twentieth-century Uyghur historiography has been the site of an ideological battle between the competing nationalist projects of the Uyghurs and the Chinese state. This article outlines the factors that influenced Uyghur historiography in the last century and discusses Uyghur and Chinese perspectives toward the history of Xinjiang (East Turkistan) and the Uyghur people. The first half of the article highlights the roles of Turco-Islamic historiographical traditions, Soviet methodologies, and Chinese research practices in the writing of Uyghur history. The latter half of the article contrasts the views of Uyghur historians and key figures in twentieth-century Uyghur nationalist movements, with those of Han Chinese scholars and Chinese government-generated versions of Uyghur history. The article uses 1949 as a dividing point for the two phases of twentieth-century Uyghur historiography. -
Univerza V Ljubljani Filozofska Fakulteta Oddelek Za Bibliotekarstvo, Informacijsko Znanost in Knjigarstvo
UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA BIBLIOTEKARSTVO, INFORMACIJSKO ZNANOST IN KNJIGARSTVO Primerjava Encyclopædie Britannice in Wikipedie glede pokritosti vsebinskega področja X Mogul (Mughal) dinasty in India Profesor: doc. dr. Jure Dimec Študentka: Anja Jerše Ljubljana, december 2009 Izvleček: V seminarski nalogi je predstavljena primerjava med dvema spletnima enciklopedijama: Wikipedijo ter Encyclopædijo Britannico. Najprej je primerjava izvedena opisno – s primerjanjem njunih nemerljivih lastnosti, nato pa s pomočjo štetja tematik (ki jih predstavljajo hiperpovezave). Kot osnova sta bila izbrana dva nivoja spletnih strani tematike Mughal dynasty. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da imata obe enciklopediji pozitivne in negativne lastnosti. Wikipedija vsebuje veliko več hiperpovezav, ki pa so uporabljene precej nedosledno. Veliko pojmov je napačno zapisanih, povezave so nedelujoče ipd. Encyclopædija Britannica vsebuje hiperpovezave, ki so v veliki meri povezane z izbrano tematiko ter se od nje pretirano ne oddaljujejo. Povezave so ustvarjene dosledno, so delujoče ter pravilno zapisane, tematiko predstavi z vseh vidikov, Wikipedija pa pretirava s hiperpovezavami, ki bralca prehitro odvrnejo od osnovne tematike. Ključne besede: Wikipedia, Encyclopædia Britannica, hiperpovezave 2 KAZALO 1. Uvod............................................................................................................................... 4 2. Prednosti in slabosti .......................................................................................................