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ABSTRACTS of PRESENTATIONS from PACLIM2007 (May 13-16, 2007)

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ABSTRACTS of PRESENTATIONS from PACLIM2007 (May 13-16, 2007) ABSTRACTS OF PRESENTATIONS FROM PACLIM2007 (May 13-16, 2007) CHARACTERIZING REGIONAL MODES OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN CALIFORNIA JOHN T. ABATZOGLOU, KELLY T. REDMOND, AND LAURA M. EDWARDS Western Regional Climate Center, Desert Research Institute, Reno NV 89512 [email protected] A novel approach is presented to identify regional patterns of climate variability in California. Coherent regions of climate variability across the state are identified using principal component analysis of monthly precipitation and temperature data from a wide network of climate stations and the gridded PRISM dataset. This multivariate analysis results in the division of California into 11 homogeneous regions with respect to variations in climate. Although large- scale modes of climate variability dominate patterns statewide, the complex interplay between circulation patterns and maritime and topographic influences leads to a number of important regional modes of variability. These climate regions are useful in exploring mechanisms for regional climate variability as well as for tracking variations in climate from 1895 to the present. THE COLD EVENT 8,200 YEARS AGO: COSMOPOLITAN CONSEQUENCES OF A PROVINCIAL PERTURBATION DON BARBER Geology Department, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 [email protected] NO ABSTRACT SUBMITTED 1 SANTA BARBARA BASIN DIATOM RECORD SUGGESTS COINCIDENCE OF COOLER SST WITH WIDESPREAD OCCURENCE OF DROUGHT IN THE WEST DURING THE PAST 2,200 YEARS JOHN A. BARRON U.S. Geological Survey, MS 910, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 [email protected] Diatom assemblages from the upper 4.50 m of sediment from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 893A in the Santa Barbara Basin were studied every 5 cm. The varve chronology of Arndt Schimmelman (written comm., 2006) suggests that this interval covers the period from ca. 2,240 cal yr B.P. to A.D. 1880 with sampling intervals ranging between 12 and 43 years. The diatom assemblages in these 1-cm-thick samples are assumed to represent a composite of between 2.5 and 8 years of deposition. The ratio of the subtropical diatom Fragilariopsis doliolus to the more cosmopolitan diatom Thalassionema nitzschioides (Fd/Tn) has been used successfully as a sea surface temperature (SST) proxy in Holocene paleoclimatic studies off northern California. Cooler intervals probably represent times when spring upwelling conditions were dominant over summer conditions during the interval sampled. In the ODP 843A record Fd/Tn generally varies between 0.0 and 0.5 with cooler intervals (< 0.20) more common than warmer (> 0.30) intervals. Throughout the record of the past 2,200 years, a strong correspondence exists between lower Fd/Tn (< 0.20) values and heavier oxygen isotope values in the Globigerina bulloides record of Kennett and Kennett (2000), suggesting that diatoms and planktonic foraminifers record periods of enhanced upwelling. These cooler intervals, including the Medieval Warm Period between ca. A.D. 1000 and 1250, correspond with intervals of wider geographic occurrence of long-term drought in the West, according to the tree ring studies of Cook and others (2004). The relationship between cooler SST in the Santa Barbara Basin and more widespread drought in the West is consistent with the hypothesis that long-term drought in the West is associated with La Niña-like conditions in the Pacific Ocean. Cook, E.R., Woodhouse, C.A., Eakin, C.M., Meko, D.M., and Stahle, D.W., 2004, Long-term aridity changes in the western United States: Science, v. 306, p. 1015-1018. Kennett, D.J., and Kennett, J.P., 2000, Competitive and cooperative responses to climatic instability in coastal southern California: American Antiquity , v. 65, no. 2, p. 379-395. 2 THE RELATION OF GREAT BASIN LATE QUATERNARY HYDROLOGIC AND CRYOLOGIC VARIABILITY TO NORTH ATLANTIC CLIMATE OSCILLATIONS L.V. BENSON (1), R.J. SPENCER (2), D. RHODE (3), L. LOUDERBACK (4), AND R. RYE (5) (1) U. S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, CO 80303 (2) Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada (3) Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512 (4) Anthropology Department, University of Nevada,1664 North Virginia Street, MS 096, Reno, NV 89557 (5) U.S. Geological Survey, MS 963, Denver Federal Center, Lakewood, CO 80225 [email protected] New data from the Lake Bonneville basin and previously published data from four western Great Basin lakes indicates that some Heinrich events were associated with periods of relative aridity in Great Basin lake basins and that Dansgaard-Oeschger stades were associated with periods of alpine glacier advance in the Sierra Nevada. The climatically induced highstands of Lake Bonneville, Mono Lake, and Pyramid Lake terminate shortly after Heinrich event 1. Glacial recession in the Sierra Nevada and Wasatch Mountains appears to have occurred during the climate warming that began at the end of Heinrich event 1 and that culminated in the Bølling-Allerød warm period. Lake level oscillations occur in the Bonneville and Owens Lake basins during the Preboreal oscillation and Younger Dryas interval; however, the wet period does not appear to occupy the entire Younger Dryas interval. In general, a clear correlation between the hydrologic balances of Great Basin lakes and Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) oscillations can not be made; however, the δ18O records for Lake Bonneville and Pyramid Lake, in a smoothed sense, resemble the GISP2 δ18O record. This suggests the possibility, that whatever the nature of the climate mechanism involved in producing DO oscillations, it also affected the hydrologic balances of some, if not all, Great Basin lakes. The lack of obvious coherence between the GISP2 and Great Basin hydrologic records suggests that the DO signal was shifted in time and(or) space when it reached the Great Basin. We offer the hypothesis that the change in size and shape of the Laurentide ice sheet associated with a Heinrich event caused a shift in the mean position of the polar jetstream away from the catchment areas of some of the Great Basin lakes. The coherence of Sierra Nevada glacial oscillations with DO events also suggests the existence of a teleconnection between the western Great Basin and the North Atlantic. ON TELECONNECTIONS OF THE TREE RING RECORD IN THE TORREY PINE: 3 ENSO, NAO, AND DROUGHT IN THE SOUTHWEST W. H. BERGER Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0244 [email protected] The Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana) in northern San Diego County is restricted to a small area along the coast, near Del Mar, with one other population existing on Santa Rosa Island. The reasons for the restricted distribution is not known. Likewise, the history of the connection between the two populations is obscure. What is known is that the tree-ring record of the San Diego population largely reflects winter precipitation in southern California, which is in turn informed by southwestern precipitation patterns that are linked to sea surface temperatures in the tropical eastern North Pacific through (El Niño – Southern Oscillation) ENSO variations (Biondi and others, 1997). Also, and rather surprisingly, southwestern patterns of precipitation are linked to sea surface temperatures in the northern North Atlantic Ocean (Cayan and others, 1998); that is, to the dynamics of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The dual linkage implies that the Torrey pine record – and indeed all such records in the southwest – should bear a combination signal from ENSO and (North Atlantic Oscillation) sources. If the ENSO and NAO contain periodicities that are well defined (e.g., through linkage to astronomical forcing) the tree-ring records should show the appropriate interference patterns in addition to the primary stimulation periods. Thus, it should be possible to obtain some notion of the relative importance of the ENSO and NAO linkage through history, as concerns the precipitation patterns in the southwest. Clearly, such changes in linkage patterns greatly influence shifts in the distribution of floras and faunas; that is, the ‘migration’ of plants and animals. Biondi, F., Cayan, D.R., and Berger, W.H., 1997, Dendroclimatology of Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana Parry ex Carr.): American Midland Naturalist, v. 138, p. 237-251. Cayan, D.R., Dettinger, M.D., Diaz, H.F., Graham, N.E., 1998, Decadal variability of precipitation over western North America: Journal of Climate, v. 11, p. 3148-3166. AN EXTREME TURN-OF-THE-CENTURY HYDROLOGIC EVENT RECORDED IN δ18O FROM BRISTLECONE PINE TREE-RING CELLULOSE 4 MAX B. BERKELHAMMER and LOWELL D. STOTT Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0740 [email protected] The bristlecone pine chronology from the White Mountains of California has provided important insight into the climate of the last two millennia. Ring-width chronologies from the species have been shown to record subtle changes in climate, showing a strong correlation with the Palmer Drought Severity Index, an integrated climate index incorporating both changes in temperature and humidity. Previous studies have shown that the D/H and δ13C in the tree-ring cellulose of bristlecone pines respond to low frequency changes in temperature (Feng and Epstein, 1994) and soil moisture (Leavitt, 1994), respectively. This demonstrates the potential to reconstruct climate characteristics otherwise hidden in the integrated ring-width data. Due perhaps to the diminutive size of its rings, no previous study has attempted to create an annually resolved stable oxygen isotope chronology for this species. Some studies suggest that at mid- latitude locations tree cellulose δ18O can record changes in atmospheric circulation patterns that influence the source of precipitation. Such a reconstruction from the bristlecone pines would be a useful tracer of environmental history in California. Here we present preliminary δ18O (cellulose) results from bristlecone pines from the White Mountains. The δ18O chronology follows a distinctive bidecadal oscillation throughout the 20th century with peak excursions being on the order of 4‰.
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