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Bacteriological and Histopathological Investigation of Pneumonia in Black Bengal Goat

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Bacteriological and Histopathological Investigation of Pneumonia in Black Bengal Goat Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 2573-2196 Research Article Dairy and Vet Sci J Volume 6 Issue 4 - July 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Mohammed Rashed Chowdhury DOI: 10.19080/JDVS.2018.06.555695 Bacteriological and Histopathological Investigation of Pneumonia in Black Bengal Goat Sukanta Kumar Sen1,3, Mohammed Rashed Chowdhury2*, ATM Mahbub-E-Elahi1 and Abu Bakr Siddique1 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Bangladesh 2Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Bangladesh 3Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock, Bangladesh Submission: May 13, 2018; Published: July 16, 2018 *Corresponding author: Mohammed Rashed Chowdhury, Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh, Email: Abstract test with isolated bacteria, gross and histopathological changes to determine the types of pneumonia. A total of 210 Black Bengal goat carcasses wereThe subjected study was to gross designed examination to evaluate and the infected isolation with and pneumonia identification were of collected causative for bacteria bacteriological from caprine and pneumonichistopathologica lungs, study. antibiotics Pneumonia sensitivity was Staphylococcus spp. (35%), Escherichia coli (25%), Pasteurella spp. (20%), Streptococcus spp. (15%), and Klebsiella spp. (5%). The antibiogram study indicated that the most effective detected in 40 carcasses. Bacteriological examinations revealed the presence of ovine pathogens, such as the treatment of pneumonia in Black Bengal goats. The gross lesions were recorded as hemorrhage (25%), congestion (20%), hemorrhage and antimicrobial agents against all the tested isolates were ciprofloxacin; ceftriaxone; and oxytetracycline; could be the choice of antibiotics for withcongestion purulent (30%), bronchopneumonia. emphysema (15%), Both and gross hepatization and histopathological (10%) of lungs. lesions Based of above on the diseases histopathological were enunciated. study, However, 30% of affected other etiology carcasses may were also havebronchopneumonia, a considerable effect25% onwith the fibrinous occurrence bronchopneumonia, of pneumonia in Black 20% Bengalwith hemorrhagic goat of Bangladesh. pneumonia, 15% with interstitial pneumonia, and 10% Keywords: Antibiogram; Black Bengal goat; Histopathology; Isolates; pneumonia; Livestock; Etiology; Mortality; Morbidity; Shipping fever; Ciprofloxacin; Ceftriaxone; Oxytetracycline; Bronchopneumonia; Capsules; Bacteria; Virus; Parasites; Fungi Introduction Therefore, early diagnosis and proper treatment are necessary Black Bengal goats called as a “poor man’s cow” is the sec- ond important livestock in Bangladesh. Goat rearing is easy, less for effectivePneumonia control caused of the by diseasesthe interaction [5]. of several pathogens seriously hampered due to various diseases. The diseases af- (bacteria, virus, parasites, fungi), host defence, environmental expensive, less laborious and highly profitable business [1], is fecting the respiratory tract: Pesti Des Petits Ruminants (PPR), Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and Pasteurellosis causal agents are responsible for the goat pneumonia, the factors [6], and stress [7,8]. Though viral, fungal and other impose a substantial loss through high morbidity and mortality present study conducted to investigate pneumonia caused by bacterial pathogens. Some bacteria as like Pasteurella spp. and the respiratory disease is ubiquitous in nature and are nor- Staphylococcus spp. normally found in the respiratory tract of [2,3]. Furthermore, most of the infectious agents that because healthy goat, however, they sometimes cause pneumonia during number of goat and lamb population die due to pneumonia the stress conditions or in association with other pathogens. mal inhabitants of the nasopharynx [2]. Unfortunately, a large at the early stage of their lives including reduced growth rate, Klebsiella spp. causing pneumonia, while it produces virulence carcass condemnation and consequent substantial econom- factors such as smooth lipopolysaccharide, pili for adhesion to ic impact on animal husbandry because of the need of medi- host cells, capsules (K antigen) that are antiphagocytic aid the called goat “shipping fever” is one of the most common prob- The respiratory problem in kids less than one year thought to cine and vaccination programs [3,4]. Pneumonia sometimes bacterium in its competition with the host for iron uptake [9,10]. lem encountered today associated with expensive treatments. be an association with Pasteurella spp. and Parainfluenza-3 [11]. Dairy and Vet Sci J 6(4): JDVS.MS.ID.555695 (2018) 001 Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences For the prevention and control of goat pneumonia, isolation used. The names and concentrations of the antibacterial discs were mentioned in Table 3. The interpretation on antibiotic isolates are essential. Thus, a present study was undertaken to susceptibility was recorded according to the guidelines of and characterization of causal agents and antibiogram study of isolate the pathogen responsible for pneumonia in Black Bengal Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. goat with their antibiogram and histopathological study. Pathological study of pneumonic lungs Materials and Methods All the positive (infected) lung samples carefully examined Sample Collection and Processing for gross abnormalities. The gross tissue lesions were observed and recorded carefully, and representative part of tissue samples A total of 210 lung samples was obtained from different slaughterhouses of Bangladesh subjected to gross examination Afterward, the preserved samples were dehydrated in alcohol, for the presence of pneumonic lesions. No details of sex breed was fixed in Bouin’s fluid for further histopathological studies. or husbandry conditions of goat were available. Lungs with microscopic pneumonic lesions were attained by excluding cleared in xylene, impregnated and embedded in paraffin wax, and eosin (H&E) for histopathological examination as described parasitic lesions. Following the gross inspection, all the samples sectioned at seven (7)μm and finally stained with hematoxylin of apparently affect lungs transferred to the Microbiology and Pathology laboratory for bacteriological and histopathological Resultsby Luna [18]. examination. Samples of affected areas aseptically collected Isolation and Identification of Causative Bacteria and placed in sterile plates. The outer surface of the pneumonic The prevalence of Klebsiella spp. 5%, Streptococcus spp. surface of lungs. The lung swabs aseptically collected from the 15%, Pasteurella spp. 20%, Escherichia coli 25%, Staphylococcus lungs first seared with a heated spatula before cutting the inner inner core of lungs by cotton bud and immediately placed into spp. 35%. Klebsiella spp. was isolated from bronchopneumonia the Falcon tube containing 10ml nutrient broth for isolation of and interstitial pneumonia. Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococ- causative bacteria. cus spp. Isolated from bronchopneumonia, hemorrhagic pneu- monia, and purulent bronchopneumonia. Pasteurella spp. and Isolation and Identification of Causative Bacteria Escherichia coli were isolated from hemorrhagic pneumonia, Primary culture was performed in both nutrient agar and broth media. For sub-culturing, suspected bacteria were bronchopneumoniaTable 1: Prevalence of and isolated fibrinous bacteria bronchopneumonia in affected pneumonic (Table lungs 1). inoculated separately into different bacteriological agar media (n=40). under the aseptic condition and subsequently incubated at Types of No. of % of Isolated Pneumonia No. Lungs Bacteria Bacteria observed in 370C for 24 hours. Pure culture was made as per the procedures affected Isolation to identify the isolated bacteria, cultural, morphological, and Pneumonic Lungs described by Cheesbrough, Buxton & Fraser [12,13]. In order biochemical characteristics were performed. The cultural characteristics or colonial morphology of the bacteria grown Bronchopneumonia, hemorrhagic Streptococcus on the nutrient and blood agar media was recorded. Gram 1 pneumonia 6 15 spp. staining method was performed to study the morphology and and purulent staining characteristics of bacteria according to the technique bronchopneumonia described by Merchant and Packer. Motility test was executed to Bronchopneumonia, differentiate motile bacteria from the non-motile one. Hemolytic interstitial Staphylococcus 2 pneumonia 35 activity of the bacteria has done according to the procedure spp. and purulent bronchopneumonia 14 fermentation, catalase, methyl red, indole production, the Voges- mentioned by Carter [14]. Biochemical tests, such as- sugar Bronchopneumonia, reaction, lysine iron agar, oxidation fermentation was performed hemorrhagic Proskauer, citrate utilization, TSI (Triple sugar iron) agar slant 3 Escherichia coli pneumonia 10 25 bronchopneumonia according to the standard methods [13]. The classification and and fibrinous specification of the organisms were done by following the scheme Bronchopneumonia Klebsiella spp. and interstitial 2 5 presented in Animal Microbiology [12]. The stock culture was pneumonia maintainedAntimicrobial based Sensitivity on the procedures Test of Carter et al. [15]. 4 Bronchopneumonia, hemorrhagic susceptibility of the bacterial isolates against antibiotic agents. 5 Pasteurella spp.
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