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Manchester City Region Manchester City Region - Demand and Aspirations of Minority Ethnic communities Final Report Manchester City Region - Demand and Aspirations of Minority Ethnic communities Final Report December 2006 ECOTEC Tower Business Centre Portland Tower Portland Street Manchester M1 3LF T +44 (0)161 238 4965 F +44 (0)161 238 4966 www.ecotec.com Acknowledgements This report has been commissioned as one part of the Making Housing Count in the Manchester City Region research project. It has been overseen by the Making Housing Count Project Sponsors' Group (PSG) as well as a Technical Sounding Board and these have provided useful feedback on findings. Particular thanks are due to all those who have helped to set up, or participated in the interviews and focus groups, without which this research would not have been possible. Census output used in this report is Crown Copyright 2003. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland. Click-use License No. C2006010569 Contents PAGE Executive Summary............................................................................................. 1 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................... 6 2.0 Scope and Methodology ....................................................................... 8 3.0 National Context.................................................................................. 12 3.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................12 3.2 National patterns of settlements.............................................................................12 4.0 Current Issues in the Housing Market Position of Minority Ethnic Communities........................................................................................ 15 4.1 National Evidence on Housing Options .................................................................15 4.2 Changing settlement patterns.................................................................................17 4.3 Dispersal patterns of newly arrived immigrants and asylum seekers.................17 4.4 Central and Eastern European Migrants in Low Wage Employment in the UK ..19 4.5 Market Position of Minority Ethnic Groups............................................................19 4.6 The Changing Face of the Social Housing Sector.................................................21 5.0 Shifting Patterns of Settlement in the Manchester City-Region....... 24 5.1 National change........................................................................................................24 5.2 City Region Analysis................................................................................................24 5.3 Spatial Analysis........................................................................................................27 5.3.1 Comparisons between 1991 and 2001 – Ward Level.................................................29 5.3.2 Comparisons between 1991 and 2001 – small area level ..........................................31 5.3.3 Black population .........................................................................................................32 5.3.4 Indian population ........................................................................................................35 5.3.5 Pakistani population ...................................................................................................39 5.3.6 Bangladeshi population ..............................................................................................42 5.3.7 Other Asian population...............................................................................................45 5.3.8 Chinese population.....................................................................................................48 5.3.9 Further Census analysis.............................................................................................51 5.3.10 Summary of Census analysis .....................................................................................60 5.4 Trends post 2001......................................................................................................64 5.4.1 Asylum Seekers & Refugees......................................................................................67 Minority Ethnic Report. December 2006 i ECOTEC 5.5 Economic Migration from the European Union .....................................................73 6.0 Local Authority Findings .................................................................... 77 6.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................77 6.2 Key findings from local authority research............................................................78 6.2.1 The Diversity of Experience........................................................................................78 6.2.2 Community Safety ......................................................................................................79 6.2.3 Housing quality and type ............................................................................................80 6.2.4 Aspirations to Home Ownership .................................................................................85 6.2.5 Generational differences ............................................................................................87 6.2.6 The location of asylum seekers and refugees ............................................................88 6.2.7 Residential Mobility and Stability ................................................................................91 7.0 Demand and aspirations ..................................................................... 93 7.1 Attachment to neighbourhood ................................................................................93 7.2 Perception of neighbourhoods ...............................................................................95 7.3 Impact of new communities ....................................................................................96 7.4 Aspirations of newly arrived communities ............................................................98 7.5 Inter-generational links............................................................................................99 7.6 Changing housing markets ...................................................................................100 7.7 Housing products...................................................................................................102 7.8 Tenure choices .......................................................................................................103 7.9 Housing Association providers ............................................................................104 8.0 From Analysis to Intervention .......................................................... 106 8.1 A Multi-level Approach...........................................................................................106 8.2 Interventions at Neighbourhood Level.................................................................107 8.1.1 Reception Localities .................................................................................................107 8.1.2 Pioneer Localities .....................................................................................................108 8.1.3 Dynamic Localities ...................................................................................................108 8.1.4 Transforming Localities ............................................................................................108 8.1.5 Eroding Localities .....................................................................................................109 8.3 A Targeted Community Cohesion Strategy .........................................................110 9.0 Conclusions and recommendations ................................................ 111 9.1 Headline recommendations...................................................................................114 Annex One: Definitions & Data Analysis ............................................. 1 Minority Ethnic Report. December 2006 ii ECOTEC 9.2 Definitions...................................................................................................................2 9.3 Data analysis ..............................................................................................................3 Annex Two: Neighbourhoods experiencing change........................... 4 Annex Three: Local Authority Profiles................................................. 6 List of figures Figure 3.1 Local authorities with a Minority Ethnic population over 10 percent 2001 ...........................................................................................................................13 Figure 5.1 Minority Ethnic population in the City Region – 2001 Census ..................26 Figure 5.2 Location of Minority Ethnic Communities .................................................28 Figure 5.3 Wards with over 10% Minority Ethnic Population 1991 and 2001 ............30 Figure 5.4 1991 – Black Population...........................................................................33 Figure 5.5 2001 Black Population...............................................................................34 Figure 5.6 1991 – Indian Population..........................................................................36
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