Northern Powerhouse factsheet Key figures on the city regions in the Northern Powerhouse June 2015
Introduction
The idea of a ‘Northern Powerhouse’ was first introduced in June 2014 by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, in a speech in Manchester. He made the case that the lack of economic and physical connections between the cities and city regions of the North of England was holding back their growth, with significant implications for the national economy. In the Chancellor’s own words: “the whole is less than the sum of its parts…so the powerhouse of London dominates more and more.”
For Osborne, the solution to this challenge is the creation of a Northern Powerhouse – “not one city, but a collection of northern cities - sufficiently close to each other that combined they can take on the world.”
Since the Chancellor’s initial speech, a raft of interventions have been announced to help turn the rhetoric of a Northern Powerhouse into reality – including the Greater Manchester Devolution Deal, Transport for the North, and the Northern Transport Strategy.
With the creation of a Northern Powerhouse set to be a key priority for the new Government, this briefing sets out the current economic profile of the key city regions across the North and compares their performance with that of London and of the UK as a whole. Reflecting the policy pledges contained within the Conservative manifesto, for the purposes of this analysis the Northern Powerhouse is made up of the city regions of Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield, Hull and the North East.1 Figure 1: Northern Powerhouse key facts UK population (%) 16.7 Share of GB jobs, 2013 (%) 16.0 Share of total UK GVA, 2013 (%) 13.3 Share of jobs that are knowledge-intensive, 2013 (%) 12.7 Number of universities 23
1 Liverpool City Region Combined Authority; Greater Manchester Combined Authority; West Yorkshire Combined Authority; Sheffield Combined Authority; Humber Local 1 Enterprise Partnership; North East Combined Authority Northern Powerhouse Factsheet • June 2015 Centre for Cities
Population
The Northern Powerhouse is home to 10.2 million people, a quarter of which live in the Manchester City Region, and 21 per cent in Leeds City Region.
Figure 2: Population share in city-regions in the Northern Powerhouse, 2013
18
16 Sheffield City Region 14 North East City Region 12 10 Manchester City Region 8 6 Liverpool City Region 4 Leeds City Region 2 Share of UK population, 2013 (%) 2013 population, UK Share of Hull City Region 0 Northern London Powerhouse
Source: NOMIS, 2015. ONS mid-year population estimates, 2013 data.
Over the last 10 years the Northern Powerhouse has had far slower population growth than the rest of the UK. Between 2004 and 2013, London grew more than twice as fast as the Northern Powerhouse. Figure 3: Population growth, 2004-2013
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Population growth, 2004-2013 (%) 2004-2013 growth, Population UK London Hull City Region Leeds City Region Leeds Sheffield City Region Liverpool City Region Northern Powerhouse North East City Region Manchester City Region Manchester
Source: NOMIS, 2015. ONS mid-year population estimates, 2004 and 2013 data.
2 Northern Powerhouse Factsheet • June 2015 Centre for Cities
Commuting
The Northern Powerhouse has a high level of containment: 92 per cent of people who work in the Northern Powerhouse also live within the Northern Powerhouse, and 96 per cent of those working in the North East City Region also live there. 15 per cent of people working in Manchester City Region, however, travel in from elsewhere in the Northern Powerhouse or from beyond.
Figure 4: Commuting across the Northern Powerhouse
! City centre Commuting pattern
North East City Region City Region boundary
!
0.4%
0.1% Hull City Region Leeds City Region ! 3% ! 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% Liverpool City Region 4% ! 3% ! !
Manchester City Region Sheffield City Region
Source: NOMIS (2015), Census 2011 data Economy
The Northern Powerhouse accounts for 13.3 per cent of all UK’s Gross Value Added, compared to the 25.3 per cent that is contributed by London. Figure 5: Share of total UK GVA, 2013
22.2%
3.7% 2.2%
13.3% 1.5% 1.8% 1.1% 64.5% 3.0%
London Hull City Region Northern Powerhouse Leeds City Region Rest of UK Liverpool City Region Manchester City Region North East City Region Sheffield City Region
Source: ONS, 2014. Regional, Sub-regional and Local Gross Value Added 2013 data. Note: For total GVA figures, London refers to Greater London rather than the Primary Urban Area owing to data limitations 3 Northern Powerhouse Factsheet • June 2015 Centre for Cities
Over the last 10 years, the Northern Powerhouse has performed below the UK’s average for GVA growth, while London has outstripped the region, growing nearly twice as fast as the Northern Powerhouse. Figure 6: Total GVA Growth, 2004-2013
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 Total GVA Growth, 2004-2013 (%) 2004-2013 Growth, GVA Total UK London Hull City Region Leeds City Region Leeds Sheffield City Region Liverpool City Region Northern Powerhouse North East City Region Manchester City Region Manchester
Source: ONS 2014.Regional, Sub-regional and Local Gross Value Added 2004, 2013 data. Note: For total GVA figures, London refers to Greater London rather than the Primary Urban Area owing to data limitations
Looking at GVA output per worker, although there is little difference in productivity between the city regions of the Northern Powerhouse, the average GVA output per worker is £44,850; 10 per cent behind the GB average, and 29 per cent behind that of London. Figure 7: GVA per worker, 2013
70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000
GVA per worker, 2013 (£) 2013 worker, per GVA 10,000 0 London Great Britain Hull City Region Leeds City Region Leeds Sheffield City Region Liverpool City Region Northern Powerhouse North East City Region Manchester City Region Manchester
Source: ONS, 2014. Regional, Sub-regional and Local Gross Value Added. BRES, Employees, 2013 data.
4 Northern Powerhouse Factsheet • June 2015 Centre for Cities
Jobs
The Northern Powerhouse contains 4.5 million jobs, accounting for 16 per cent of all Britain’s jobs. These jobs are not evenly spread across the region; 27 per cent of all jobs within the Northern Powerhouse are in Manchester City Region, and 22 per cent in Leeds City Region.
Figure 8: Share of all GB jobs, 2013
20
15 Sheffield City Region
North East City Region 10 Manchester City Region
Liverpool City Region 5 Leeds City Region Share of GB jobs, 2013 (%) 2013 GB jobs, Share of 0 Hull City Region Northern London Powerhouse
Source: NOMIS, 2015. BRES Public/private employment. 2013 data.
The map below illustrates, these jobs tend to be focused in city centres, particularly Manchester, Leeds and Newcastle.
Figure 9: The geography of jobs across the Northern Powerhouse Number of jobs, 2011
Newcastle city centre
North East City Region
Hull City Region Manchester city centre Leeds city centre
Leeds City Region Hull city centre
Liverpool City Region
Liverpool city centre
Manchester City Region Sheffield city centre Sheffield City Region
Source: NOMIS, 2015. Census 2011, occupation. MSOA level.
5 Northern Powerhouse Factsheet • June 2015 Centre for Cities
Knowledge Intensity
20 per cent of all businesses in the Northern Powerhouse can be classed as knowledge intensive business services (KIBS), in comparison to London, where knowledge intensive businesses represent over 30 per cent of the total business base. Figure 10: KIBS as share of all businesses, 2013
35 30 25 20 15 10
KIBS as share of all as share of KIBS (%) 2013 business, 5 0 London Hull City Region Leeds City Region Leeds Sheffield City Region Liverpool City Region Northern Powerhouse North East City Region Manchester City Region Manchester
Source: NOMIS, 2015. ONS UK Business Counts – Enterprises, 2014 data. KIBS are defined based on 2007 SIC codes.
The same is true of jobs in KIBS. 12.7 per cent of all jobs in the Northern Powerhouse are in KIBS – in London, the figure is 24.3 per cent. However, significant differences can be observed between the city regions of the Northern Powerhouse – the share of jobs in KIBS in Manchester City Region is more than twice that of Hull City Region.
Figure 11: KIBS jobs as share of all jobs, 2013
30 25 20 15 10
jobs, 2013 (%) 2013 jobs, 5 KIBS as share of all as share of KIBS 0 London Hull City Region Leeds City Region Leeds Liverpool City Region Sheffield City Region Northern Powerhouse
North East City Region Manchester City Region Manchester
Source: NOMIS, 2015. BRES Employment, 2013 data. KIBS are defined based on 2007 SIC codes.
6 Northern Powerhouse Factsheet • June 2015 Centre for Cities
Skills
The difference in the proportion of KIBS jobs in the Northern Powerhouse compared to London can be partly explained by the skill levels of their respective labour markets. 36 per cent of working age residents in the Northern Powerhouse are high-skilled, the same as Britain’s average; in London, that figure rises to 48 per cent.
Figure 12: Share of working age population with NVQ4+ qualifications, December 2014
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50
40
30
20
10
0 qualifications, Dec 2014 (%) Dec 2014 qualifications, London Share of working age population with NVQ4+ population with NVQ4+ working age Share of Great Britain Hull City Region Leeds City Region Leeds Sheffield City Region Liverpool City Region Northern Powerhouse North East City Region Manchester City Region Manchester Source: NOMIS, 2015, Annual Population Survey, December 2014 data. Universities
The Northern Powerhouse is well catered for by higher education institutions. The region contains 23 universities, six of which rank in the top 20 for research excellence nationally.
Figure 13: Universities located in the Northern Powerhouse
University of Newcastle upon Tyne University of Northumbria at Newcastle ! Research score !University of Sunderland ! 3,976 - 5,454 (top 10 nationally) ! 2,578 - 3,975 (11-20) University of Durham ! ! 1,856 - 2,577 (21-30) ! 909 - 1,855 (31-50) ! 1 - 908 (51-154) ! No score
! City centre
City region boundary
Leeds College of Music
Leeds Trinity University ! University of Leeds ! University of Hull University of Bradford ! !! ! Leeds Beckett University !
! University of Bolton University of Huddersfield Note: The research score refers to ! Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine the number of submissions made University of Liverpool University of Salford !! to the 2014 Research Excellence !! ! University of Sheffield Liverpool John Moores University ! !! Royal Northern Framework that are of 4* (world ! ! Manchester Metropolitan !! College of Music ! leading) and 3* (internationally Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts University Sheffield Hallam University excellent) standard Liverpool Hope University University of Manchester
7 Northern Powerhouse Factsheet • June 2015 Centre for Cities
Figure 14: Research score of universities in the Northern Powerhouse
Research universities within the Northern Powerhouse National research score rank (/154) University of Manchester 5 University of Leeds 9 University of Sheffield 13 Newcastle University 16 University of Durham 19 University of Liverpool 20 University of Hull 50 Manchester Metropolitan University 52 University of Northumbria at Newcastle 53 Liverpool John Moores University 62 Sheffield Hallam University 66 University of Huddersfield 67 University of Salford 68 University of Bradford 79 University of Sunderland 103 Liverpool Hope University 109 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 113 University of Bolton 128 Royal Northern College of Music 136 Leeds Trinity University 147
Source: REF, 2015. Research Excellence Framework Results. 2014 data.
Contact
For more information on the facts and figures within the Chancellor’s Northern Powerhouse, contact:
Elli Thomas Researcher [email protected] / 020 7803 4307
Or for press enquiries, contact:
Rita Beden External Affairs Manager [email protected] / 020 7803 4303
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