Union Des Comores
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Migrant fishers and fishing in the Western Indian Ocean: Socio-economic dynamics and implications for management Februaryr , 2011 PIs: Innocent Wanyonyi (CORDIO E.A, Kenya / Linnaeus University, Sweden) Dr Beatrice Crona (Stockholm Resilience Center, University of Stockholm, Sweden) Dr Sérgio Rosendo (FCSH, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal / UEA, UK) Country Co‐Investigators: Dr Simeon Mesaki (University of Dar es Salaam)‐ Tanzania Dr Almeida Guissamulo (University of Eduardo Mondlane)‐ Mozambique Jacob Ochiewo (Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute)‐ Kenya Chris Poonian (Community Centred Conservation)‐ Comoros Garth Cripps (Blue Ventures) funded by ReCoMaP ‐Madagascar Research Team members: Steven Ndegwa and John Muturi (Fisheries Department)‐ Kenya Tim Daw (University of East Anglia, UK)‐ Responsible for Database The material in this report is based upon work supported by MASMA, WIOMSA under Grant No. MASMA/CR/2008/02 Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendation expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the WIOMSA. Copyright in this publication and in all text, data and images contained herein, except as otherwise indicated, rests with the authors and WIOMSA. Keywords: Fishers, migration, Western Indian Ocean. Page | 1 Recommended citation: WIOMSA (2011). Migrant fishers and fishing in the Western Indian Ocean: Socio‐economic dynamics and implications for management. Final Report of Commissioned Research Project MASMA/CR/2008/02. Page | 2 Table of Contents -
Centre Souscentreserie Numéro Nom Et Prenom
Centre SousCentreSerie Numéro Nom et Prenom MORONI Chezani A1 2292 SAID SAMIR BEN YOUSSOUF MORONI Chezani A1 2293 ADJIDINE ALI ABDOU MORONI Chezani A1 2297 FAHADI RADJABOU MORONI Chezani A4 2321 AMINA ASSOUMANI MORONI Chezani A4 2333 BAHADJATI MAOULIDA MORONI Chezani A4 2334 BAIHAKIYI ALI ACHIRAFI MORONI Chezani A4 2349 EL-ANZIZE BACAR MORONI Chezani A4 2352 FAOUDIA ALI MORONI Chezani A4 2358 FATOUMA MAOULIDA MORONI Chezani A4 2415 NAIMA SOILIHI HAMADI MORONI Chezani A4 2445 ABDALLAH SAID MMADINA NABHANI MORONI Chezani A4 2449 ABOUHARIA AHAMADA MORONI Chezani A4 2450 ABOURATA ABDEREMANE MORONI Chezani A4 2451 AHAMADA BACAR MOUKLATI MORONI Chezani A4 2457 ANRAFA ISSIHAKA MORONI Chezani A4 2458 ANSOIR SAID AHAMADA MORONI Chezani A4 2459 ANTOISSI AHAMADA SOILIHI MORONI Chezani D 2509 NADJATE HACHIM MORONI Chezani D 2513 BABY BEN ALI MSA MORONI Dembeni A1 427 FAZLAT IBRAHIM MORONI Dembeni A1 464 KASSIM YOUSSOUF MORONI Dembeni A1 471 MOZDATI MMADI ADAM MORONI Dembeni A1 475 SALAMA MMADI ALI MORONI Dembeni A4 559 FOUAD BACAR SOILIHI ABDOU MORONI Dembeni A4 561 HAMIDA IBRAHIM MORONI Dembeni A4 562 HAMIDOU BACAR MORONI Dembeni D 588 ABDOURAHAMANE YOUSSOUF MORONI Dembeni D 605 SOIDROUDINE IBRAHIMA MORONI FoumboudzivouniA1 640 ABDOU YOUSSOUF MORONI FoumboudzivouniA1 642 ACHRAFI MMADI DJAE MORONI FoumboudzivouniA1 643 AHAMADA MOUIGNI MORONI FoumboudzivouniA1 654 FAIDATIE ABDALLAH MHADJOU MORONI FoumbouniA4 766 ABDOUCHAKOUR ZAINOUDINE MORONI FoumbouniA4 771 ALI KARIHILA RABOUANTI MORONI FoumbouniA4 800 KARI BEN CHAFION BENJI MORONI FoumbouniA4 840 -
Comoros Business Profile
COMOROS BUSINESS PROFILE Country official Name Union of the COMOROS Area 1 861 km² Population 0.851 Million Inhabitants Time UTC+3 Capital Moroni Comoros Franc (KMF) Currency 1 KMF = 0,0024 USD, 1 USD = 417,5767 KMF Language Arabic, French Major cities Moutsamoudou, Fomboni, Domoni, Tsimbeo, Adda-Douéni, Sima, Ouani, Mirontsi Member since 1976 OIC Member State Date Bilateral Investment Treaties Within OIC United Arab Emirates, Burkina Faso, Egypt Member States TPSOIC and protocols (PRETAS and Rules of Signed, not Ratified Origin) WTO Observer Regional and bilateral trade Agreements Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) GDP growth (annual %) 2.50 % in 2019 The country mainly exports cloves (45%), vanilla (32.3%), essential oils (12.3%), machines for cleaning or Economic sectors grading seeds (2%), and motor vehicles (1.7%). Its main imports include motor vehicles (11.9%), electric sound or visual signalling apparatus (11.6%), rice (9.3%), cement (7.1%), and meat (5%). 2019 World Exports USD 49 Millions World Imports USD 204 Millions Market Size USD 253 Millions Intra-OIC Exports USD 3.7 Millions Intra-OIC Exports share 7.43% UAE, Pakistan, Benin, Sudan, Oman, Turkey, Malaysia, Uganda, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Morocco, Egypt, Top OIC Customers Mozambique, Tunisia, Bangladesh Cloves, whole fruit, cloves and stems, Vanilla, Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, incl. chassis with engine and cab, Containers, incl. containers for the transport of fluids, specially designed and equipped for . Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, cold-rolled "cold- reduced", Trunks, suitcases, vanity cases, executive-cases, briefcases, school satchels, spectacle Major Intra-OIC exported products cases, Fuel wood, in logs, billets, twigs, faggots or similar forms; wood in chips or particles; sawdust . -
CEPF Final Project Completion Report
CEPF Final Project Completion Report Organization Legal Name: Blue Ventures Conservation Towards a Blueprint for Locally-Managed Marine Conservation in the Comoros: Building the Project Title: Knowledge Base and Capacity for Monitoring and Management Grant Number: 65776 CEPF Region: Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands 2 Enable civil society to mainstream biodiversity and Strategic Direction: conservation into political and economic decision- making. Grant Amount: $149,846.00 Project Dates: October 01, 2015 - March 31, 2018 Date of Report: May 31, 2018 Implementation Partners List each partner and explain how they were involved in the project • Dahari (Comorian NGO): Dahari is leading the implementation of the activities on Anjouan through its technical staff (one socio-economic researcher, one marine ecologist and a team of community field technicians). Blue Ventures has been providing Dahari with technical support and training in ecological monitoring, project management and community-based participatory approaches to marine conservation via the Project Manager. • Moheli Marine Park (MMP) (Comorian institution and national park): Blue Ventures and MMP have exchanged experiences and shared learning around community-based fisheries management, especially around octopus closures. Blue Ventures has also provided technical support to MMP in planning and designing a methodology for fisheries monitoring, as well as an introduction to the use of smartphone-based data collection methods (Open Data Kit). Conservation Impacts Summarize the overall impact of your project, describing how your project has contributed to the implementation of the CEPF ecosystem profile • One temporary reef closure is now being managed by the community. Template version: September 10, 2015 Page 1 of 16 • The creation of a fisherwomen’s association is filling the previous lack of representation of reef gleaning fisheries. -
Mission 1 Cadre Institutionnel
UNION DES COMORES --------------------- VICE –PRESIDENCE EN CHARGE DU MINISTERE DE LA PRODUCTION, DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT, DE L’ENERGIE, DE L’INDUSTRIE ET DE L’ARTISANAT ------------------- DIRECTION GENERALE DE L’ENERGIE, DES MINES ET DE L’EAU (DGEME) UNITE DE GESTION DU PROJET ALIMENTATION EN EAU POTABLE ET ASSAINISSEMENT --------------------- PROJET D ’A LIMENTATION EN EAU POTABLE ET D SSAINISSEMENT DANS LES ILES DE ’A (AEPA) 3 L’U NION DES COMORES (F INANCEMENT BAD) ETUDES TECHNIQUES, DU CADRE INSTITUTIONNEL ET DU PROGRAMME NATIONAL D’AEPA Mission 1 : Elab oration du cadre institutionnel, o rganisationnel et financier du s ecteur d’AEPA Edition définitive JUIN 2013 71, Avenue Alain Savary Bloc D – 2ème étage - App 23 ENTREPRISE D’ETUDES DE DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL 1003 Cité El Khadra - Tunis EEDR MAMOKATRA S.A. Tél : (216) 71 809 686 Société Anonyme au capital de 20.000.000 d’Ariary Fax : (216) 71 806 313 Siège social : Villa Mamokatra Nanisana E-mail : [email protected] 101 ANTANANARIVO Site web : www.hydroplante.com …: (261.20) 22 402-14 ; 22 403-78 * 961 E-mail : [email protected] 1 Elaboration du cadre institutionnel, organisationnel et financier du secteur de l’AEPA des Comores PAEPA PREFACE L’élaboration du cadre institutionnel, organisationnel et financier du secteur d’eau potable et d’Assainissement s’inscrit dans le cadre de la composante 1 du Projet d’Alimentation en Eau Potable et d’Assainissement (PAEPA – Comores – projet n : P-KM-EA0-001) financé par un don de la Banque Africaine de Développement. Tel que défini par le rapport d’évaluation du projet, le PAEPA comprend quatre (4) composantes: (i) l’Etude du Cadre institutionnel, organisationnel et financier ainsi que l’élaboration d’un plan stratégique à l’horizon 2030; (ii) le développement et la réhabilitation des infrastructures d’alimentation en eau potable et d’assainissement (AEPA) de plusieurs localités dont Moroni, Ouani, Mutsamudu, Fomboni et Mbéni; (iii) l’Appui Institutionnel et (iv) la Gestion du Projet. -
Comoro Archipelago
GROUP STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY RHYTHM IN LEMUR MONGOZ (PRIMATES, LEMURIFORMES) ON ANJOUAN AND MOHELI ISLANDS, COMORO ARCHIPELAGO IAN TATTERSALL VOLUME 53: PART 4 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NEW YORK :1976 4 .4.4.4.4 .4.4 4.4.4 .4.4 4.4 - . ..4 ..4.4.4 o -Q ¼' 11 I, -_7 Tf., GROUP STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY RHYTHM IN LEMUR MONGOZ (PRIMATES, LEMURIFORMES) ON ANJOUAN AND MOHELI ISLANDS, COMORO ARCHIPELAGO IAN TATTERSALL Associate Curator, Department ofAnthropology TheAmerncan Museum ofNatural History VOLUME 53: PART 4 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NEW YORK: 1976 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 53, Part 4, pages 367-380, figures 1-6, tables 1, 2 Issued December 30, 1976 Price. $1.1 5 ISSN 0065-9452 This Part completes Volume 53. Copyright i The American Museum of Natural History 1976 ABSTRACT A previous study in Madagascar revealed the day. This difference appears to be environ- Lemur mongoz to be nocturnal and to exhibit mentally linked. Further, on Anjouan L. mongoz pair-bonding. Subsequent work in the Comoro Is- exhibits pair-bonding and the formation of lands has shown that, whereas in the warm, "family" groups, but on Moheli there is variation seasonal lowland areas of Moheli and Anjouan L. in group structure. It is possible that group com- mongoz is likewise nocturnal, in the humid high- position of L. mongoz on Moheli undergoes lands of Anjouan these animals are active during seasonal change. RItSUMI! Une premiere etude de Lemur mongoz de jour. -
Socmon Comoros NOAA
© C3 Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands Programme 2010 C3 Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands Programme is a collaborative initiative between Community Centred Conservation (C3), a non-profit company registered in England no. 5606924 and local partner organizations. The study described in this report was funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. Suggested citation: C3 Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands Programme (2010) SOCIO- ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL SITES FOR COMMUNITY-BASED CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT IN THE COMOROS. A Report Submitted to the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, USA 22pp FOR MORE INFORMATION C3 Madagascar and Indian Ocean NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program Islands Programme (Comoros) Office of Response and Restoration BP8310 Moroni NOAA National Ocean Service Iconi 1305 East-West Highway Union of Comoros Silver Spring, MD 20910 T. +269 773 75 04 USA CORDIO East Africa Community Centred Conservation #9 Kibaki Flats, Kenyatta Beach, (C3) Bamburi Beach www.c-3.org.uk PO BOX 10135 Mombasa 80101, Kenya [email protected] [email protected] Cover photo: Lobster fishers in northern Grande Comore SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL SITES FOR COMMUNITY-BASED CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT IN THE COMOROS Edited by Chris Poonian Community Centred Conservation (C3) Moroni 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is the culmination of the advice, cooperation, hard work and expertise of many people. In particular, acknowledgments are due to the following for their contributions: COMMUNITY CENTRED -
Niveaux D'anticorps Contre La Protéine Circumsporozoïtique De
Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp., Mots-clés : Épidémiologie du paludisme. Anticorps anti-CS pro 1991, 66 : n° 4, 179-184. téine de Plasmodium falciparum. Anopheles gambiae. Anopheles funestus. Comores. Mémoire. Key-words: Malaria epidemiology. Plasmodium falciparum CS- protein antibodies. Anopheles gambiae. Anopheles funestus. Comoros. NIVEAUX D’ANTICORPS CONTRE LA PROTÉINE CIRCUMSPOROZOÏTIQUE DE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM ET LEUR UTILISATION EN TANT QU’INDICATEURS ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIQUES DE LA TRANSMISSION DU PALUDISME EN RFI DES COMORES G. SABATINELLI*, R. ROMI*, S. BLANCHY** R ésumé -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Une enquête épidémiologique pour déterminer les niveaux d’anti Les prévalences d’Ac-CS dans l’échantillon de population examinée corps contre la protéine circumsporozoïtique de Plasmodium fal passe de 5,5 % chez les enfants de 3-4 ans à 40 % chez ceux ciparum (Ac-CS) a été menée au début de la saison des pluies de 5 ans. Dès 6-7 ans, on enregistre une augmentation progressive 1988, dans 21 villages de la RFI des Comores, conjointement à de la prévalence qui atteint un plateau après 30 ans. La détermi une évaluation des densités résiduelles anophéliennes. Des préva nation des niveaux d’Ac-CS se révèle une méthode très utile pour lences d’Ac-CS très différentes ont été relevées dans la population évaluer les niveaux de transmission du paludisme, particulièrement des villages choisis, comme l’ont été les densités moyennes d’Ano dans les situations épidémiologiques où une évaluation entomolo- pheles gambiae et d’Anopheles funestus par chambre. Les diffé gique fiable est difficile à effectuer. rences sont conditionnées par les situations écologiques locales. Summary: Antibodies levels to Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoitic protein as epidemiological indicators of malaria transmission in the FIR of Comoros. -
Projet De Collecte Et De Commercialisation De Cafe : Cas De Barakani, Region De Ouani, Anjouan Comores »
UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO Faculté de Droit, d’Economie, de Gestion et de Sociologie (DEGS) DEPARTEMENT ECONOMIE 3em cycle MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES EN VUE DE L’OBTENTION DU DIPLOME D’ETUDES SUPERIEURES SPECIALISEES (DESS) Option : Entreprise-Coopérative-Association (ECA) Thème « PROJET DE COLLECTE ET DE COMMERCIALISATION DE CAFE : CAS DE BARAKANI, REGION DE OUANI, ANJOUAN COMORES » Présenté par : Monsieur MIFTAHOU Bacar Encadreur Pédagogique: Monsieur LAZAMANA Pierre André, Maitre de conférences à l’Université d’Antananarivo Encadreur Professionnel : Monsieur RANDRIANARIJAONA Luis Jensen, Enseignant à l’Institut Privé des Novateurs de Madagascar Année Universitaire 2012-2013 Date de soutenance : 05 Octobre 2015 UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO Faculté de Droit, d’Economie, de Gestion et de Sociologie (DEGS) DEPARTEMENT ECONOMIE 3em cycle MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES EN VUE DE L’OBTENTION DU DIPLOME D’ETUDES SUPERIEURES SPECIALISEES (DESS) Option : Entreprise-Coopérative-Association (ECA) Thème « PROJET DE COLLECTE ET DE COMMERCIALISATION DE CAFE : CAS DE BARAKANI, REGION DE OUANI, ANJOUAN COMORES » Présenté par : Monsieur MIFTAHOU Bacar Encadreur Pédagogique: Monsieur LAZAMANA Pierre André, Maitre de conférences à l’Université d’Antananarivo Encadreur Professionnel : Monsieur RANDRIANARIJAONA Luis Jensen, Enseignant à l’Institut Privé des Novateurs de Madagascar Année Universitaire 2012-2013 REMERCIEMENTS Nous tenons d’ abord à remercier le seigneur Dieu, le Tout puissant, qui nous a donné la santé, le courage et la force de réaliser ce présent ouvrage. -
21 3 223 225 Golovatch Comores.P65
Arthropoda Selecta 21(3): 223225 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2012 New records of millipedes from the Comoro Islands (Diplopoda) Íîâûå íàõîäêè ìíîãîíîæåê-äèïëîïîä ñ Êîìîðñêèõ îñòðîâîâ (Diplopoda) C. Rollard1 & S.I. Golovatch2 Ê. Ðîëëàð1, Ñ.È. Ãîëîâà÷2 1 Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, Département Systématique & Evolution, UMR 7205 OSEB, Section Arthropodes, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 53, 75005 Paris, France. 2 Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. 2 Èíñòèòóò ïðîáëåì ýêîëîãèè è ýâîëþöèè ÐÀÍ, Ëåíèíñêèé ïð. 33, Ìîñêâà 119071 Ðîññèÿ. KEY WORDS: Diplopoda, fauna, Comoros. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Diplopoda, ôàóíà, Êîìîðñêèå îñòðîâà. ABSTRACT. A small collection of diplopods from MW05, Lake Dziani Boundouni, degraded dry forest (60 m), the Comoros contains nine species, two of which repre- 31.10.2008.; 1 juv.: Mohéli, MW16, Chalet St Antoine, natural sent new island records. The fauna (16 species) is forest on crest (700 m), 4.11.2008. confirmed to be depauperate and dominated by anthro- REMARKS. This pantropical species is quite com- pochore species, but several seem to be local endemics mon on all of the islands of the Comoro Archipelago (4) or subendemics (3). [VandenSpiegel & Golovatch, 2007]. ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Íåáîëüøîé ìàòåðèàë äèïëîïîä ñ Êî- ìîðñêèõ îñòðîâîâ ñîäåðæèò äåâÿòü âèäîâ, äâà èç Family Pachybolidae êîòîðûõ âïåðâûå óêàçàíû äëÿ îäíîãî èç îñòðîâîâ. Ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ, ÷òî ôàóíà (16 âèäîâ) îáåäíåíà è â íåé äîìèíèðóþò àíòðîïîõîðíûå âèäû, íî â åå ñî- Leptogoniulus sorornus (Butler, 1876) ñòàâå, î÷åâèäíî, åñòü è ìåñòíûå ýíäåìèêè (4) è ñóáýíäåìèêè (3). MATERIAL. 1 juv.: Anjouan, ND16, Hajoho Bay, back beach, degraded forest (2 m), 16.11.2010; 1 $: Grande Comore, NG01, Mt Dima Kora, Lake Hantsangoma, banana plants (1000 m), Introduction 19.10.2008. -
Annotated UNDP-GEF Project Document Template
United Nations Development Programme Project Document Least Developed Country Fund (LDCF) Project title: Strengthening Comoros resilience against climate change and variability related disaster. Country: Implementing Partner: Management Arrangements: National Implementation Modality Union of Comoros UNDP (NIM) UNDAF/Country Programme Outcome: Outcome 4 – By 2019, the most vulnerable populations ensure their resilience to climate change and crises. UNDP Strategic Plan Output: insert either 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 or 2.5 see item 5 under further information in the opening section of the annotated template UNDP Social and Environmental Screening Category: UNDP Gender Marker: 2. Low Atlas Project ID/Award ID number: 00103394 Atlas Output ID/Project ID number: 00105390 UNDP-GEF PIMS ID number: 5445 GEF ID number: 6912 Planned start date: this is defined as the expected Planned end date: 60 months project document signature date LPAC date: Brief project description: The Union of Comoros (Comoros) is comprised of four islands, namely Ngazidja (or Grande Comore), Mwali (Mohéli), Ndzuani (Anjouan) and Maoré (Mayotte). However, the project will only focus on three of the four islands, excluding Maoré from the project area. Comoros is a small island developing state (SIDS) with a population of ~8000 and is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa. Being a SIDS, the Comoros is characterised by limited resources and poor economic resilience. The Comorian population is predominantly dependent upon subsistence livelihoods based on traditional crops and reliant upon natural resources. Existing land use practices connected to natural resource management are poorly managed resulting in food and water insecurity. Furthermore, because of its geographical position and climatic factors, the Comoros is vulnerable to natural disasters such as tropical storms, floods, rising sea level, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and landslides. -
Union Des Comores)
COLLOQUE DEGEZOI Les obstacles à la gestion de l'eau sur l'île d'Anjouan (Union des Comores) Le cas du projet AEP Sima Nicolas WALZER Docteur en sciences sociales Laboratoire ORACLE (Université de La Réunion) 1. Le projet AEP Sima et ses difficultés Dans le cadre du projet « Eco-gestes et éco-savoirs dans l’Océan Indien » financé par la Région Réunion et que nous dirigeons, nous avons eu le plaisir d’effectuer deux missions sur l’île d’Anjouan (Union des Comores), la première en juillet 2013 et la seconde en septembre 2013 pour un total de près d’un mois. Notre activité présentait un volet recherche et un volet enseignement. L’ensemble s’intitulait Pérennité de la gestion de l’eau par les usagers. Péninsule de Sima (six villages) sur l'île d'Anjouan (Union des Comores) / Projet d'Acheminement en Eau Potable. Nous assurâmes quatre-vingts heures d’enseignement à Mutsamudu ; il s’agissait de former les cinq animateurs du Projet d'Acheminement en Eau Potable à Sima via des cours de communication, de gestion et résolution de conflits, d’argumentation, des jeux de rôles et des mises en situation. Sur le plan de la recherche, nous fîmes soutenir quatre mémoires1 (l’un des animateurs n’ayant pas pu mener à son terme son travail). Grâce à ces mémoires, nos journées sur le terrain ont été grandement facilitées. Le 1 Mohamed Maenrouf Issiaka a soutenu avec succès en septembre 2013 un mémoire intitulé : Les risques liés au maintien d’un réseau parallèle dans le village de Bimbini.