Nedîm Dîvâni'nda Renkler
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Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Eski Türk Edebiyatı NEDÎM DÎVÂNI’NDA RENKLER Muhammet Emre ÇAKICI Yüksek Lisans Tezi Ankara, 2018 NEDÎM DÎVÂNI’NDA RENKLER Muhammet Emre ÇAKICI Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Eski Türk Edebiyatı Yüksek Lisans Tezi Ankara, 2018 i ii v ÖZET ÇAKICI, Muhammet Emre. Nedîm Dîvânı’nda Renkler, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2018. Renkler sadece birer fizik olayı değildir. İnsan, toplum ve kültür üzerinde önemli etkileri bulunan, psikolojiden sanata, tarihten dine, siyasetten gelenek ve göreneklere kadar hayatın neredeyse her alanında doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak ilişkisi bulunan simge veya sembollerdir. Bunun için insan ve toplum hayatının daha iyi okunması, bilinmesi ve analiz edilmesinde renklerin ayrı ve önemli bir payı vardır. Duygu ve düşünceleri estetik haz doğrultusunda aktaran edebiyat da birçok alan gibi renklerle sıkı bir ilişki içerisindedir. Özellikle sanat kaygısının ve şairane üslubun esas alındığı Dîvân şiirinde renklerin özel bir yeri vardır. Dîvân şairleri mensubu oldukları estetik anlayış gereği, duygu ve düşüncelerini ifade ederken kullandıkları özgün veya klasik simge ve sembollerde, tasvir ve çağrışımlarda renklerden oldukça yararlanmışlardır. Bu sanat anlayışının en başarılı şairlerinden, döneminin ve anlayışının üzerinde bir üne sahip olan Nedîm de renkleri şiirlerine taşımıştır. O, renkler vasıtasıyla zengin hayallerinin aynı zamanda renkli hayaller olduğunu göstermiştir. Nedîm’in kendine has üslubunun, şairlik kudretinin ve renk kullanımının en iyi yansıması Dîvanı’nda görülür. Bu çalışmada; Nedîm Dîvânı’nda renkleri ilişkili oldukları unsurlar doğrultusunda doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak tespit etmeye çalıştık. Daha sonra tespit edilen ve Nedîm’in dîvânda renkleri en çok ilişkilendirdiği sevgili, tabiat, memduh ve âşık gibi ögelerin renklerle olan bağını ifade etmeye çalıştık. Anahtar Sözcükler Renkler, dîvân şiiri, Nedîm Dîvânı, sevgili, tabiat, âşık, kırmızı, siyah, beyaz vi ABSTRACT ÇAKICI, Muhammet Emre. Colours in Dîvân of Nedîm, Master’s Thesis, Ankara, 2018. Colors are not just physical phenomena. It is a symbol or sign that has important effects on people, society and culture and it is also directly or indirectly related to almost every part of life; from physiology to art, from history to religion and from politics to tradition and custom. So there is distinct and critical role of colors in better studying, knowing and analyzing of human and community life. Literature, which conveys emotion and thought in the direction of aesthetic pleasure, is also closely related to colors as in many fields. Especially in Dîvân poetry that art anxiety and poetic style is taken as a basis, the colors have a special place. The Dîvan poets have benefited from colors in original or classical symbols, portraits and associations they used while expressing their emotions and thoughts. Among the most successful poets of this understanding of art, Nedîm, who has a reputation over his period and understanding of that period had also put to use colors in his poems. He has shown by means of colors that rich dreams are colorful dreams at the same time. Nedîm's unique style, poetry power and the use of color are well reflected in his Dîvan. In this study; In Dîvan of Nedîm , we tried to determine the colors directly and indirectly in terms of the elements they are related to. Later on, we tried to express the ties between colors and the elements like lovers, nature, memduh and lover that Nedîm associates with colors mostly. Keywords Colors, dîvan poetry, The Dîvan of Nedîm, lover, nature, red, black, white vii İÇİNDEKİLER KABUL VE ONAY……………………………………………………………………….………………..i BİLDİRİM……………………………………………………………………………...…………..………ii YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI…………….……………..………………iii ETİK BEYAN……………………………………………………………….……..………...……………iv ÖZET…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..v ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………….………………vi İÇİNDEKİLER…………………………………………………………………………...…………….…vii KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ ………..……………………………………………………………..………..xiii ÖNSÖZ ……………….………………………………………………………….……………………...xiv GİRİŞ…………………………………………………………………….…………………………...……1 1.BÖLÜM : NEDÎM’İN HAYATI, ESERLERİ VE SANATI………………………………………….30 1.1. Hayatı……………………………………………………..………………………………30 1.2. Eserleri…………………………………………………………………………………...32 1.3. Sanatı……………………………………………………………………………………...33 2. BÖLÜM : NEDÎM DÎVÂNI’NDA RENKLER……………………………………………………….42 2. 1. Nedîm Dîvânı’nda Renk Kavramı………………………………………………………42 2. 2. Doğrudan İfade Edilen Renkler………………………………………………………..45 2. 2. 1. Beyaz…………………………………………………………….46 2. 2. 1. 1. Beyaz Renkle İlgili Kelime ve Benzetmeler…………………………….47 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. Sevgilinin Vücudu…………………………………………………..47 2. 2. 1. 1. 2. Sevgilinin Boynu/Gerdanı………………………………………….47 2. 2. 1. 1. 3. Sevgilinin Gözü……………………………………………………..48 2. 2. 1. 1. 4. Sevgilinin Kıyafetleri………………………………………………..48 viii 2. 2. 1. 1. 5. Âşığın Gözyaşı……………………………………………………...50 2. 2. 1. 1. 6. Âşığın Bahtı…………………………………………………………50 2. 2. 1. 1. 7. Âşığın Vücudu………………………………………………………50 2. 2. 1. 1. 8. Ay…………………………………………………………………….51 2. 2. 1. 1. 9. Ayna………………………………………………………………….51 2. 2. 1. 1. 10. Nergis………………………………………………………………52 2. 2. 1. 1. 11. Hz. Musa’nın Eli…………………………………………………...52 2. 2. 1. 1. 12. Tuğra……………………………………………………………….52 2. 2. 1. 1. 13. Müslüman Milletler………………………………………………..53 2. 2. 1. 2. Beyaz Renkle İlgili Kalıplaşmış Sözler…………………………………54 2. 2. 2. Siyah………………………………………………..……………………………..55 2. 2. 2. 1. Siyah Renkle İlgili Kelime ve Benzetmeler……………………………….56 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. Sevgilinin Saçı………………………………………………………..56 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. Sevgilinin Ayva Tüyü…………………………………………………59 2. 2. 2. 1. 3. Sevgilinin Gözü………………………………………………………60 2. 2. 2. 1. 4. Sevgilinin Yüzü……………………………………………………….62 2. 2. 2. 1. 5. Sevgilinin Kaşı……………………………………………………….64 2. 2. 2. 1. 6. Sevgilinin Beni………………………………………………………..64 2. 2. 2. 1. 7. Sevgilinin Kıyafetleri………………………………………………….65 2. 2. 2. 1. 8. Âşığın Bahtı……………………………………………………………66 2. 2. 2. 1. 9. Ayın Halesi…………………………………………………………….67 2. 2. 2. 1. 10. Toprak………………………………………………………………...67 2. 2. 2. 1. 11. Yazı-Kalem…………………………………………………………68 2. 2. 2. 1. 12. Körkütük Sarhoş…………………………………………………….70 2. 2. 2. 1. 13. Âh……………………………………………………………………71 2. 2. 2. 1. 14. Bulut…………………………………………………………………..71 2. 2. 2. 1. 15. Kâse…………………………………………………………………..72 2. 2. 2. 2. Siyah Renkle İlgili Kalıplaşmış İfadeler…………………….……………..72 2. 2. 3. Kırmızı……………………………………………………………….……………..74 ix 2. 2. 3. 1. Kırmızı Renkle İlgili Kelime ve Benzetmeler……………………………...74 2. 2. 3. 1. 1. Sevgilinin Yüzü ve Yanağı…………………………………………..75 2. 2. 3. 1. 2. Sevgilinin Gözü………………………………………………………76 2. 2. 3. 1. 3. Sevgilinin Dudağı…………………………………………………….79 2. 2. 3. 1. 4. Sevgilinin Kıyafetleri………………………………………………...80 2. 2. 3. 1. 5. Çiçekler……………………………………….………………………83 2. 2. 3. 1. 6. Bezm Unsurları………………………………………………………85 2. 2. 3. 1. 7. Kan……………………………………………….……………………88 2. 2. 3. 1. 8. Âyet……………………………………………………………………89 2. 2. 3. 1. 9. Mürekkep…………….………………………….……………………89 2. 2. 3. 1. 10. Sürme………………………………………….…………………….89 2. 2. 4. Yeşil...……………………………………………………………………………….90 2. 2. 4. 1. Yeşil Renkle İlgili Kelime ve Benzetmeler…………………………………91 2. 2. 4. 1. 1. Sevgilinin Kıyafetleri…………………………………………………91 2. 2. 4. 1. 2. Sevgilinin Ayva Tüyü……………………………………………….93 2. 2. 4. 1. 3. Ayna…………………………………………………………………..94 2. 2. 5. Sarı…………………………………………………………….……………………95 2. 2. 5. 1. Sarı Renkle İlgili Kelime ve Benzetmeler…………………………………..95 2. 2. 5. 1. 1. Sevgilinin Saçı………………………………………………………...96 2. 2. 5. 1. 2. Âşığın Yüzü……………………………………………………………97 2. 2. 6. Mavi……………………………………………………….…………………...…..98 2. 2. 6. 1. Mavi Renkle İlgili Kelime ve Benzetmeler………………………………..98 2. 2. 6. 1. 1. Sevgilinin Gözü………………………………………………..……..98 2. 2. 6. 1. 2. Sevgilinin Dudağı…………………………………………………..100 2. 2. 6. 1. 3. Çiçekler………………………………………..…………………….100 2. 2. 6. 1. 4. Kadeh………………………………………………………………..101 2. 2. 6. 1. 5. Lacivert………………………………………………………………101 2. 2. 7. Mor………………………………………………………………………………..102 2. 2. 7. 1. Mor Renkle İlgili Kelime ve Benzetmeler…………………………………102 x 2. 2. 7. 1. 1. Sevgilinin Kıyafeti……………………………………………………..102 2. 2. 7. 1. 2. Çiçekler……………………………………………………………….103 2. 2. 8. Pembe……………………………………………………………………………..104 2. 2. 8. 1. Pembe Renkle İlgili Kelime ve Benzetmeler…………………………….104 2. 2. 8. 1. 1. Sevgilinin Yüzü……………………………………………………….104 2. 2. 8. 1. 2. Sevgilinin Kıyafeti…………………………………………………….105 2. 3. Dolaylı Olarak İfade Edilen Renkler………………………………………………….106 2. 3. 1. Beyaz……………………………………………………………………………….107 2. 3. 1. 1. Dolaylı Olarak Renkle İlgili Kelime ve Benzetmeler……………………..107 2. 3. 1. 1. 1. İnci…………………………………………………………………….107 2. 3. 1. 1. 2. Yasemin………………………………………………………………109 2. 3. 1. 1. 3. Diş……………………………………………………………………..109 2. 3. 1. 1. 4. Nur…………………………………………………………………….110 2. 3. 1. 1. 5. Yıldız…………………………………………………………………..111 2. 3. 1. 1. 6. Ay…………………………...…………………………………………113 2. 3. 1. 1. 7. İman…………………………………………………………………...116 2. 3. 1. 1. 8. Gerdan-Kâfur…………………………………………………………116 2. 3. 1. 1. 9. Beyaz Gül…………………………………………………………….118 2. 3. 1. 1. 10. Sarık…………………………………………………………………118 2. 3. 1. 2. Beyaz Renkle İlgili Simgesel Anlamlar………………………………….119 2. 3. 1. 2. 1. Saf/Temiz/Berrak…………………………………………………….119 2. 3. 1. 2. 2. Kutsiyet……………………………………………………………….119 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Baht Açıklığı/Uğur……………………………………………………120 2. 3. 2. Gri/Gümüş………………………………………………………………………...121 2. 3. 2. 1. Dolaylı Olarak Gümüş/Gri Renkle İlgili Kelime ve Benzetmeler………121 2. 3. 2. 1. 1. Sevgilinin Bedeni/Vücudu…………………………………………121