FAMILY Bleeker, 1859 - and allies [=Serrasalmi, Serrasalmoniformes, Mylesinae, Catoprionidi] Notes: Serrasalmi Swainson, 1838:256 [ref. 4302] (no family-group name) Serrasalmoniformes Bleeker, 1859d:XXXI [ref. 371] (subfamily) [as Serrasalmo, name must be corrected Article 32.5.3; corrected to Serrasalminae by Fowler 1907b:468 [ref. 1374], confirmed by Eigenmann 1907:772 [ref. 1220]] Mylesinae Eigenmann, 1903:147 [ref. 1218] (subfamily) Myleus [changed to Mylinae by Eigenmann in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:154 [ref. 1261]; corrected to Myleinae by Eigenmann 1907:771 [ref. 1220], confirmed by Fowler 1950:385 [ref. 18869] and by Géry 1972b:50 [ref. 1594]] Catoprionidi Fowler, 1958b:11 [ref. 1470] (tribe)

GENUS Acnodon Eigenmann, 1903 - [=Acnodon Eigenmann [C. H.] 1903:147] Notes: [ref. 1218]. Masc. Myleus oligacanthus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Acnodon Eigenmann, 1903 – (Géry 1972:196 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:50 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:275 [ref. 1597], Jégu & Santos 1990:189 [ref. 20145], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006]). Current status: Valid as Acnodon Eigenmann, 1903. Serrasalmidae.

Species Acnodon normani Gosline, 1951 - sheep- [=Acnodon normani Gosline [W. A.], 1951:43, Pl. 3; Fig. 5b] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 27 (no. 2); ref. 12353] Rio Santa Teresa, a western tributary of upper Rio Tocantins, Goiaz State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Acnodon normani Gosline, 1951. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon, Xingu and Tocantins River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acnodon oligacanthus (Müller & Trochel, 1844) - Suriname pacu (author) [=Myleus oligacanthus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:98] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Suriname. Current status: Valid as Acnodon oligacanthus (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Northern Guiana Shield rivers: French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acnodon senai Jégu & Santos, 1990 - Jari pacu (author) [=Acnodon senai Jégu [M.] & Santos [G. M. dos], 1990:195, Fig. 6D] Notes: [Cybium v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 20145] Beach at downstream of Rio Jari, Amapà, Carapatinho Island, Brazil, 0°35'45"S, 52°38'20"W. Current status: Valid as Acnodon senai Jégu & Santos, 1990. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Jari River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Catoprion Müller & Troschel, 1844 - piranhas [=Catoprion Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:96] Notes: [ref. 3070]. Masc. Serrasalmus mento Cuvier, 1819. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Catoprion Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Géry 1972:207 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:54 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:294 [ref. 1597], Taphorn 1992:149 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:58 [ref. 24147], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Freeman et al. 2007:1 et seq. [ref. 29167], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Hubert & Renno 2010:33 [ref. 31099], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Catoprion Müller & Troschel, 1844. Serrasalmidae.

Species Catoprion mento (Cuvier, 1819) - wimple [=Serrsalmus mento Cuvier [G.], 1819:369, Pl. 28 (fig. 3), Mylesinus macropterus Ulrey [A. B.], 1894:612] Notes: [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (N. S.) (Série A) Zoologie v. 5; ref. 1017] Brazil. Current status: Valid as Catoprion mento (Cuvier, 1819). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon, , Essequibo and upper basins: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (macropterus) [American Naturalist v. 28 (no. 331); ref. 12356] Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Catoprion mento (Cuvier, 1819). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Colossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 - tambaquis, black pacu, black-finned pacu, giant pacu, cachama, gamitana [=Colossoma Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903:530, Melloina Amaral Campos [A.], 1946:219, Waiteina (subgenus of Colossoma) Fowler [H. W.], 1907:473] Notes: [ref. 1260]. Neut. Myletes oculus Cope, 1872. Type by original designation (in footnote). Also appeared in Eigenmann 1903 (Dec.):148 [ref. 1218]. Colosoma is a misspelling. •Valid as Colossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 -- (Géry 1976:50 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:254 [ref. 1597], Géry 1986:97 [ref. 6012], Machado-Allison 1986:1 [ref. 12757], Taphorn 1992:161 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Minckley & Marsh 2009:103 [ref. 31114], Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685], Kottelat 2013:214 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Colossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Serrasalmidae. (Melloina) [ref. 107]. Fem. Melloina tambaqui Amaral Campos, 1946. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled Meloina on p. 217, everywhere else as Melloina. •Synonym of Colossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 -- (Géry 1976:50 [ref. 14199], Taphorn 1992:161 [ref. 23654] as Mellonina, Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Colossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Serrasalmidae. (Waiteina) [ref. 1374]. Fem. Myletes nigripinnis Cope, 1878. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Piaractus Eigenamnn, 1903 -- (Taphorn 1992:298 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Colossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 -- (Géry 1976:50 [ref. 14199] as Wateina, Taphorn 1992:161 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Colossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Serrasalmidae.

Species Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) - blackfin pacu [=Myletes macropomus Cuvier [G.], 1816:185, Pl. 10 (fig. 1), Myletes nigripinnis Cope [E. D.], 1878:693, Myletes oculus Cope [E. D.], 1872:268, Pl. 12 (fig. 2), Colossoma orbignyanum Kochetov [A. M.], 1989:101, Melloina tambaqui Amaral Campos [A.], 1946:220, Fig. 3, Salmo tambaqui Kner [R.] (ex Natterer), 1860:21 [13]] Notes: [Le Règne v. 2; ref. 993] Brazil. Current status: Valid as Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco basins, introduced elsewhere: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. Introduced or raised in Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Jamaica and Panama; introduced elsewhee. Habitat: freshwater. (nigripinnis) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Nauta, Peruvian Amazon, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (oculus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (orbignyanum) [ ref. 34351] •Probably a synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) [RVL]. Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (tambaqui A) [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 7 (no. 17); ref. 107] Rio Tapajós, Taperinha, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (tambaqui K) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816). Serrasalmidae.

GENUS Cope, 1878 - silver dollars [=Metynnis Cope [E. D.], 1878:692, Myleocollops (subgenus of Metynnis) Eigenmann [C. H.], 1903:147, Sealeina Fowler [H. W.], 1907:478] Notes: [ref. 945]. Masc. Metynnis luna Cope, 1878. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Metynnis Cope, 1878 -- (Géry 1972:188 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:50 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:270 [ref. 1597], Géry et al. 1987:447 [ref. 6001], Taphorn 1992:254 [ref. 23654], Zarske & Géry 1999:172 [ref. 23984], Britski et al. 1999:58 [ref. 24147], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:174 [ref. 29917], Pavanelli et al. 2009:141 [ref. 30246], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis Cope, 1878. Serrasalmidae. (Myleocollops) [ref. 1218]. Masc. Metynnis goeldii Eigenmann, 1903 (= Myletes lippencottianus of Ulrey, not Cope). Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Metynnis Cope, 1878, but a valid subgenus Myleocollops as described -- (Géry 1972:189 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Metynnis Cope, 1878 -- (Géry 1976:50 [ref. 14199], Taphorn 1992:254 [ref. 23654], Zarske & Géry 1999:172 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis Cope, 1878. Serrasalmidae. (Sealeina) [ref. 1374]. Fem. Myletes lippincottianus Cope, 1870. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled Sealina in Zoological Record for 1906, correctly spelled in 1907. •Synonym of Metynnis Cope, 1878 -- (Géry 1976:50 [ref. 14199], Taphorn 1992:254 [ref. 23654], Zarske & Géry 1999:172 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis Cope, 1878. Serrasalmidae.

Species Metynnis altidorsalis Ahl, 1923 - Paramaribo (author) [=Metynnis altidorsalis Ahl [E.], 1923:22] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Paramaribo, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Metynnis altidorsalis Ahl, 1923. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: North and eastern Guiana Shield rivers: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metynnis argenteus Ahl, 1923 - silver dollar [=Metynnis argenteus Ahl [E.], 1923:24, Metynnis eigenmanni Ahl [E.], 1923:25] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Rio Tapajos, near de Borin, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Metynnis argenteus Ahl, 1923. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (eigenmanni) [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Rio Tapajos, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Metynnis argenteus Ahl, 1923. Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metynnis cuiaba Pavanelli et al., 2009 - Cuiaba silver dollar (author) [=Metynnis cuiaba Pavanelli [C. S.], Ota [R. P.] & Petry [P.], 2009:142, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 30246] Município de Barão de Melgaço and Santo Antônio do Leverger, baía Sinhá Mariana, rio Cuiabá, rio Paraguai basin, 16°20'20"S, 55°54'10"W, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Metynnis cuiaba Pavanelli, Ota & Petry, 2009. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Upper portions of rio Paraguai basin, Mato Grosso State, central Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Metynnis fasciatus Ahl, 1931 - Capiuru silver dollar (author) [=Metynnis fasciatus Ahl [E.], 1931:407, Fig.] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1930; ref. 16255] Rio Capiuru, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Metynnis fasciatus Ahl, 1931. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Capiuru River basin in middle drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metynnis guaporensis Eigenmann, 1915 - Guapore silver dollar (author) [=Metynnis guaporensis Eigenmann [C. H.], 1915:267, Pl. 54] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Rio Guaporé at Maciél, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Metynnis guaporensis Eigenmann, 1915. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Guaporé River basin: Bolivia (?) and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Müller & Troschel, 1844) - plain metynnis [=Myletes hypsauchen Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:97, Metynnis calichromus Ahl [E.], 1923:18, Fig. 1, Metynnis ehrhardti Ahl [E.], 1927:273, Metynnis calichromus schreitmuelleri Ahl [E.], in Schreitmüller & Ahl, 1922:265] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guyana. Current status: Valid as Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon and Paraguay River basins and northern Guiana Shield rivers: Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (calichromus) [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Lago de Faro, Jamunda, lower Amazon, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (ehrhardti) [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 69 (nos 11/12) (art. 1); ref. 15754] Mundurucú, Rio Manacapuru, Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (schreitmuelleri) [Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 19 (no. 14); ref. 21848] Amazon River, . Current status: Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870) - spotted silver dollar [=Myletes lippincottianus Cope [E. D.], 1870:561, Fig., Metynnis anisurus Ahl [E.], 1923:27, Fig. 2, Metynnis dungerni Ahl [E.], 1925:108, Metynnis goeldii Eigenmann [C. H.], 1903:147, Metynnis heinrothi Ahl [E.], 1923:29, Fig. 3, Myletes (Myleus) orbicularis Steindachner [F.], 1908:364, Metynnis roosevelti Eigenmann [C. H.], 1915:268, Pl. 55, Metynnis seitzi Ahl [E.], 1923:28, Metynnis snethlageae Ahl [E.], 1923:30] Notes: [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11; ref. 914] Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin and northeastern Guiana Shield rivers: Brazil and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater. (anisurus) [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Rio Tapajos, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (dungerni) [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin; ref. 15525] Amazon River at Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (goeldii) [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections v. 45; ref. 1218] Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (heinrothi) [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Amazon River (?). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (orbicularis) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 45 (no. 18); ref. 18800] Santarem, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (roosevelti) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Manaus, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (seitzi) [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Amazon River (?). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (snethlageae) [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Amazon River. Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Metynnis longipinnis Zarske & Gery, 2008 - silver dollar [=Metynnis longipinnis Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.], 2008:175, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 29917] Mündung rio Casiquiare -- rio Negro, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Metynnis longipinnis Zarske & Géry, 2008. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Casiquiare River drainage, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metynnis luna Cope, 1878 - luna silver dollar [=Metynnis luna Cope [E. D.], 1878:692] Notes: [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Amazon River basin, Peru. Current status: Valid as Metynnis luna Cope, 1878. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metynnis maculatus (Kner, 1858) - silver dollar, spotted metynnis [=Myletes maculatus Kner [R.], 1858:164 [4]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Metynnis maculatus (Kner, 1858). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon and Paraguay River basins: Bolivia (?), Brazil,,, Paraguay (?) and Peru (?). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metynnis melanogrammus Ota et al., 2016 - Parauari silver dollar (author) [=Metynnis melanogrammus Ota [R. P.], Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] & Jégu [M.], 2016:2, Figs. 1-7] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 14 (no. 4) e160023; ref. 35002] Rio Parauari, Monte Sinai community, Maués, Amazonas, Brazil, 4°21'28"S, 57°35'54"W. Current status: Valid as Metynnis melanogrammus Ota, Rapp Py-Daniel & Jégu, 2016. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: , Venezuela and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metynnis mola Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 - mola silver dollar (author) [=Metynnis mola Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903:528] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Metynnis mola Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Paraguay-Paraná River basin: Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metynnis orinocensis (Steindachner, 1908) - Orinoco silver dollar (author) [=Myletes (Myleus) orinocensis Steindachner [F.], 1908:365] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 45 (no. 18); ref. 18800] Río Orinoco at Cuidad Bolivar, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Metynnis orinocensis (Steindachner, 1908). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metynnis otuquensis Ahl, 1923 - Otuquis silver dollar (author) [=Metynnis otuquensis Ahl [E.], 1923:26] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Bahia Negra, Río Otuquis, Bolivia or Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Metynnis otuquensis Ahl, 1923. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Otuquis River in Paraguay River basin and Paraná River basin: Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metynnis polystictus Zarske & Gery, 2008 - silver dollar [=Metynnis polystictus Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.], 2008:184, Figs. 3-4] Notes: [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 29917] Lagune en bordure du Ribeiro Tuatuari, haut rio Zingu, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Metynnis polystictus Zarske & Géry, 2008. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Upper Zingu River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Mylesinus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - serrasalmids [=Mylesinus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:234] Notes: [ref. 1014]. Masc. Mylesinus schomburgkii Valenciennes, 1850. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Mylesinus Valenciennes, 1850 – (Géry 1972:187 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:49 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:275 [ref. 1597], Jégu & Santos 1988 [ref. 12838], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Andrade et al. 2013:297 [ref. 32757]). Current status: Valid as Mylesinus Valenciennes, 1850. Serrasalmidae.

Species Mylesinus paraschomburgkii Jégu et al., 1989 - Trombetas serrasalmid (author) [=Mylesinus paraschomburgkii Jégu [M.], Santos [G. M. dos] & Ferreira [E.], 1989:53, Pl. 1] Notes: [Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 17683] Rio Trombetas, downstream of Cachoeira Vira-Mundo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Mylesinus paraschomburgkii Jégu, Santos & Ferreira, 1989. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Left tributaries of lower Amazon River, Araguari River: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Mylesinus paucisquamatus Jégu & Santos, 1988 - Tocantins serrasalmid (author) [=Mylesinus paucisquamatus Jégu [M.] & Santos [G. M. dos], 1988:332, Pl. 1] Notes: [Cybium v. 12 (no. 4); ref. 12838] Jatobal, Rio Tocantins, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Mylesinus paucisquamatus Jégu & Santos, 1988. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Mylesinus schomburgkii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - Essequibo serrasalmid (author) [=Mylesinus schomburgkii Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:235, Pl. 644] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Essequibo River, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Mylesinus schomburgkii Valenciennes, 1850. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Essequibo and Orinoco River basins: Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844 - serrasalmids, myleus [=Myleus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:98] Notes: [ref. 3070]. Masc. Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel, 1844. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Eigenmann 1910:443 [ref. 1224]. See also discussion of Cartaba Hilhouse, 1825 in Whitehead 1973:6, footnote [ref. 13755]. •Valid as Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Géry 1972:157 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:49 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:259 [ref. 1597], Géry et al. 1987:446 [ref. 6001], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654], Jégu & Santos 2002:33 [ref. 26050], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Andrade et al. 2013:297 [ref. 32757]). Current status: Valid as Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Serrasalmidae.

Species Myleus altipinnis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - altipinnis serrasalmid (author) [= altipinnis Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:230, Pl. 643] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Myleus altipinnis (Valenciennes, 1850). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: São Franciso River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myleus knerii (Steindachner, 1881) - Moroni serrasalmid (author) [=Myletes knerii Steindachner [F.], 1881:127 [27], Pl. 7 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 43; ref. 14290] Maroni River, Guiana. Current status: Valid as Myleus knerii (Steindachner, 1881). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Maroni River basin, French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myleus micans (Lütken, 1875) - Taquarucu serrasalmid (author) [=Myletes (Tometes) micans Lütken [C. F.] (ex Reinhardt), 1875:137 [11]] Notes: [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Rio das Velhas, Rio Taquarucu, Rio São Francisco system, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Myleus micans (Lütken, 1875). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myleus pacu (Jardine, in Schomburgk, 1841) - pacu [=Myletes pacu Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1841:236, Pls. 20-21] Notes: [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Essequibo River, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Myleus pacu (Jardine, 1841). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel, 1844 - setiger serrasalmid (author) [=Myleus setiger Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:98, Myletes divaricatus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:215, Myletes doidyxodon Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:222, Myletes filosus Kner [R.] (ex Heckel), 1860:27 [19]] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guiana. Current status: Valid as Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Tributaries of lower and middle Amazon River basin, orinoco River basin, upper Orinoco River and tributaries, and northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers: Brazil, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (divaricatus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Essequibo River, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel, 1844. Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (doidyxodon) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazon River. Current status: Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel, 1844. Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (filosus) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] Current status: Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel, 1844. Serrasalmidae.

GENUS Gill, 1896 - serrasalmids [=Myloplus Gill [T. N.], 1896:214, Orthomyleus (subgenus of Myleus) Eigenmann [C. H.], 1903:148, Paramyloplus Norman [J. R.], 1929:828, Prosomyleus (subgenus of Myleus) Géry [J.], 1972:182] Notes: [ref. 1740]. Masc. Myletes asterias Müller & Troschel, 1844. Type by subsequent designation. Proposed by Gill for the subgenus Myletes as treated by Müller & Troschel 1844, not Myletes Cuvier; no type mentioned. First technical addition of species not researched; type as given by Jordan 1920:467 [ref. 4905]. •Synonym of Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844, but a valid subgenus Myloplus -- (Géry 1972:161 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:49 [ref. 14199], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061] as Mylopius). •Valid as Myloplus Gill, 1896 -- (Britski et al. 1999:58 [ref. 24147], Jégu et al. 2003:833 [ref. 27668], Jégu et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27829], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus Gill, 1896. Serrasalmidae. (Orthomyleus) [ref. 1218]. Masc. Myletes ellipticus Günther, 1864. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Géry 1972:161 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:49 [ref. 14199], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus Gill, 1896 by placement of type species. Current status: Synonym of Myloplus Gill, 1896. Serrasalmidae. (Paramyloplus) [ref. 3218]. Masc. Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman, 1929. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844, but a valid subgenus Paramyloplus -- (Géry 1972:170 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:49 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:266 [ref. 1597]). •Synonym of Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus Gill, 1896 -- (Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307] by placement of type species). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus Gill, 1896. Serrasalmidae. (Prosomyleus) [ref. 1594]. Masc. Myletes rhomboidalis Cuvier, 1817. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844, but a valid subgenus as described -- (Géry 1972:182 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Géry 1976:49 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:266 [ref. 1597], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus Gill, 1896 by placement of type species. Current status: Synonym of Myloplus Gill, 1896. Serrasalmidae.

Species Myloplus arnoldi Ahl, 1936 - Arnold's serrasalmid (author) [=Myloplus arnoldi Ahl [E.], 1936:25] Notes: [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 114 (nos 1/2); ref. 13683] Amazon River Current status: Valid as Myloplus arnoldi Ahl, 1936. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon, Xingú and Tocantins River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myloplus asterias (Muller & Troschel, 1844) - Guyana serrasalmid (author) [=Myletes asterias Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:98, Myletes ellipticus Günther [A.], 1864:375, Myleus gurupyensis Steindachner [F.], 1911:342, Tomete maculatus Amaral Campos [A.], 1944:211, Fig., Myloplus schulzei Ahl [E.], 1938:191] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Essequibo River, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers: Argentina, Brazil and Guyana. Habitat: freshwater. (ellipticus) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (gurupyensis) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 48 (no. 16); ref. 14816] Rio Gurupi at Chatão, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (maculatus) [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 4 (no. 14); ref. 13164] Amazon River, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (schulzei) [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 124 (no. 7); ref. 17129] South America (specific locality unknown). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myloplus levis (Eigenmann & McAtee, in Eigenmann et al., 1907) - Bahia Negra serrasalmid (author) [=Myleus levis Eigenmann [C. H.] & McAtee [W. L.], in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward, 1907:142, Pl. 42 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Bahia Negra, Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Myloplus levis (Eigenmann & McAtee, 1907). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Paraguay-Paraná River basin: Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - lobed serrasalmid (author) [=Myletes lobatus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:212, Myletes discoideus Kner [R.] (ex Heckel), 1860:30 [22], Myletes parma Günther [A.], 1864:374] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazon River, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes, 1850). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Brazil, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (discoideus) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] Bananeira, Rio Branco, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes, 1850). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (parma) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Capin [= Capim], Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes, 1850). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myloplus lucienae Andrade et al., 2016 - Carabinani serrasalmid (author) [=Myloplus lucienae Andrade [M. C.], Ota [R. P.], Bastos [D. A.] & Jégu [M.], 2016:572, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa 4205 (no. 6); ref. 34960] Rio Carabinani, Novo Airão, Amazonas, Brazil, 2°01'25"S, 61°32'35"W. Current status: Valid as Myloplus lucienae Andrade, Ota, Bastos & Jégu, 2016. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Rio Negro basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myloplus planquettei Jegu et al., 2003 - Moroni serrasalmid (author) [=Myloplus planquettei Jégu [M.], Keith [P.] & Le Bail [P.-Y.], 2003:835, Figs. 2-5] Notes: [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 110 (no. 4); ref. 27668] Maroni River, Twenke, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Myloplus planquettei Jégu, Keith & Le Bail, 2003. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Mana and Maroni basins, French Guiana and Suriname, and Essequibo basin, Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myloplus rhomboidalis (Cuvier, 1818) - rhomboid serrasalmid (author) [=Myletes rhomboidalis Cuvier [G.], 1818:451, Pl. 22 (fig. 3), Myletes latus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:97, Salmo pacupeba Kner [R.] (ex Natterer), 1860:23 [15]] Notes: [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 1016] Brazil. Current status: Valid as Myloplus rhomboidalis (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin and northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (latus) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Current status: Synonym of Myloplus rhomboidalis (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. (pacupeba) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 15 of separate. Current status: Synonym of Myloplus rhomboidalis (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae.

Species Myloplus rubripinnis (Muller & Troschel, 1844) - redhook myleus [=Myletes rubripinnis Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:97, Myletes luna Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:221] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guyana. Current status: Valid as Myloplus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Guyana. Habitat: freshwater. (luna) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Cayenne, French Guiana. Current status: Synonym of Myloplus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine, in Schomburgk, 1841) - Schomburgk's serrasalmid (author) [=Tetragonopterus schomburgkii Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1841:243, Pl. 22, Myletes palometa Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:214, Myletes schomburgkii Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:212] Notes: [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Negro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine, 1841). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Middle and lower Amazon River basin, Xingu River, Nanay River, upper Orinoco River basin: Brazil, Peru, Suriname (?) and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (palometa) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine, 1841). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (schomburgkii) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Suriname (?). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine, 1841). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myloplus ternetzi (Norman, 1929) - Maparu serrasalmid (author) [=Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman [J. R.], 1929:828, Pl. 1, Myleus (Paramyloplus) ternetzi goslinei Géry [J.], 1972:171, Pl. 4 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [v. 98] (pt 4) (no. 52)(art. 30) (for 1928); ref. 3218] Maparú Rapids, Approuague River, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Myloplus ternetzi (Norman, 1929). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: French Guiana and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (goslinei) [Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 122; ref. 1594] Brokopondo, Suriname River, Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Myloplus ternetzi (Norman, 1929). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myloplus tiete (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) - Piracicaba serrasalmid (author) [=Myletes tiete Eigenmann [C. H.] & Norris [A. A.], 1900:359] Notes: [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 4; ref. 1264] Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Myloplus tiete (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Paraguay-Paraná River basin: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myloplus torquatus (Kner, 1858) - Branco serrasalmid (author) [=Myletes torquatus Kner [R.], 1858:164 [4]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Branco, Marabitanos, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Myloplus torquatus (Kner, 1858). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon, Negro and Orinoco River basins: Brazil, Bolivia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myloplus zorroi Andrade et al., 2016 - Aripuana serrasalmid (author) [=Myloplus zorroi Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.] & Giarrizzo [T.], 2016:155, Figs. 1, 2 and 4] Notes: [ZooKeys No. 571; ref. 34307] Rio Aripuanã, Corredeira dos Periquitos, Apuí, Amazonas, Brazil, 07°17'19.8"S, 60°38'10.0"W. Current status: Valid as Myloplus zorroi Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo, 2016. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Rio Madeira basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 - serrasalmids [=Mylossoma Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903:530, Starksina Fowler [H. W.], 1907:476] Notes: [ref. 1260]. Neut. Myletes albiscopus Cope, 1872. Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Eigenmann 1903 (Dec.):148 [ref. 1218]. Misspelled Mylosoma by Eigenmann 1910:444 [ref. 1224] and Mylosomma by Norman 1929:814 [ref. 3218]. •Valid as Mylossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 -- (Géry 1976:50 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:258 [ref. 1597], Géry et al. 1987:443 [ref. 6001], Taphorn 1992:284 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:60 [ref. 24147], Jégu in Reis et al 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Mylossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Serrasalmidae. (Starksina) [ref. 1374]. Fem. Myletes herniarius Cope, 1872. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Mylossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 -- (Géry 1976;50 [ref. 14199], Taphorn 1992:284 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Serrasalmidae.

Species Mylossoma acanthogaster (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - Maracaibo mylossoma (author) [=Myletes acanthogaster Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:209] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Lake de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Mylossoma acanthogaster (Valenciennes, 1850). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818) - Brazilian mylossoma (author) [=Myletes duriventris Cuvier [G.], 1818:451, Pl. 22 (fig. 2), Myletes albiscopus Cope [E. D.], 1872:267, Pl. 12 (fig. 1), Mylossoma argenteum Ahl [E.], 1928:192, Fig., Mylosoma ocellatum Eigenmann [C. H.], 1915:265, Myletes orbignyanus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:220, Mylosomma paraguayensis Norman [J. R.], 1929:814, Fig. 19, Salmo trigintaradiatus Larrañaga [D. A.], 1923:388, Metynnis unimaculatus Steindachner [F.], 1908:326] Notes: [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 1016] Brazil. Current status: Valid as Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon, Orinoco and Paraguay-Paraná River basins: Argentina, Bolovia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (albiscopus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Ambyiacu River, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (argenteum) [Das Aquarium; ref. 20506] Amazon River. Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (ocellatum) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Río Confuso at Villa Hays, Paraguay. Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (orbignyanus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Corrientes, Rio Paraná, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (paraguayensis) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [v. 98] (pt 4) (no. 30); ref. 3218] Río Paraguay. Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (trigintaradiatus) [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (unimaculatus) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 45 (no. 17); ref. 18805] Lake at Rio Medonho, tributary of Rio Parnahyba north of Santa Filomena, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) - Spix's mylossoma (author) [=Myletes aureus Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:74, Pl. 31, Myletes herniarius Cope [E. D.], 1872:268, Pl. 12 (fig. 3), Mylosomma ventriosa Norman [J. R.], 1929:815, Fig. 20] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Equatorial rivers of Brazil. Current status: Valid as Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (herniarius) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (ventriosa) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [v. 98] (pt 4) (no. 30); ref. 3218] Rio Solimões, Amazon River basin. Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Ossubtus Jegu, 1992 - serrasalmids [=Ossubtus Jégu [M.], 1992:240] Notes: [ref. 20009]. Neut. Ossubtus xinguense Jégu, 1992. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Ossubtus Jégu, 1992 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Andrade et al. 2013:298 [ref. 32757]). Current status: Valid as Ossubtus Jégu, 1992. Serrasalmidae.

Species Ossubtus xinguense Jegu, 1992 - beaked ossubtus (author) [=Ossubtus xinguense Jégu [M.], 1992:240, Figs. 4, 11] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 20009] Rio Xingu, Altamira, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Ossubtus xinguense Jégu, 1992. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Xingú River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Piaractus Eigenmann, 1903 - pacus, pirapatingas [=Piaractus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1903:148, Reganina Fowler [H. W.], 1907:475] Notes: [ref. 1218]. Masc. Myletes brachypomus Cuvier, 1817. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled Piarctus by Eigenmann & Allen 1942:247 [ref. 1246]. •Synonym of Colossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903, but a valid subgenus Piaractus -- (Géry 1976:50 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:255 [ref. 1597]). •Valid as Piaractus Eigenmann, 1903 -- (Géry 1986:97 [ref. 6012], Géry et al. 1987:441 [ref. 6001], Machado-Allison 1986:1 [ref. 12757], Taphorn 1992:298 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Piaractus Eigenmann, 1903. Serrasalmidae. (Reganina) [ref. 1374]. Fem. Myletes bidens Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Colossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 -- (Géry 1976:50 [ref. 14199], Taphorn 1992:161 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Piaractus Eigenamnn, 1903 -- (Taphorn 1992:298 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Piaractus Eigenmann, 1903. Serrasalmidae.

Species Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) - pirapatinga [=Myletes brachypomus Cuvier [G.], 1818:452, Pl. 22 (fig. 1), Myletes bidens Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:75, Pl. 32, Wateina fowleri Amaral Campos [A.], 1946:219, Fig. 2, Myletes paco Humboldt [F. H. A. von], in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821:175, Pl. 47 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 1016] Brazil. Current status: Valid as Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater. (bidens) [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Rivers of equatorial Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (fowleri) [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 7 (no. 17); ref. 107] Rio Tapajós, Santarém, Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (paco) [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Upper Río Marañon, Amazon River basin, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) - pacu [=Myletes (Myleus) mesopotamicus Holmberg [E. L.], 1887:387, Colosoma canterai Devincenzi [G. J.], in Devincenzi & Teague, 1942:74, fig., Myletes edulis Castelnau [F. L.], 1855:68, Myletes mitrei Berg [C.], 1895:149] Notes: [Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Córdoba) v. 10; ref. 27229] Rio Paraná, Uruguay. Current status: Valid as Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Paraguay-Paraná River basin: Argentina, Boliva, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater. (canterai) [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo (Serie 2) v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 12268] Río Uruguay, Uruguay. Current status: Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (edulis) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Current status: Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887). Serrasalmidae. (mitrei) [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires v. 4; ref. 14575] Río Paraná, San Pedro, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Eigenmann, 1915 - piranahas [=Pristobrycon Eigenmann [C. H.], 1915:245] Notes: [ref. 1232]. Masc. Serrasalmo () calmoni Steindachner, 1908. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Serrasalmus Lacepède, 1803, but a valid subgenus Pristobrycon -- (Géry 1972:210 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:52 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:278 [ref. 1597]). •Valid as Pristobrycon Eigenmann, 1915 -- (Taphorn 1992:305 [ref. 23654], Machado-Allison 2002:45 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], Freeman et al. 2007:2 et seq. [ref. 29167], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Hubert & Renno 2010:33 [ref. 31099]). Current status: Valid as Pristobrycon Eigenmann, 1915. Serrasalmidae.

Species Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) - aureus piranaha (author) [=Serrasalmo aureus Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:72, Pl. 29, Salmo erythrophthalmus Kner [R.] (ex Natterer), 1860:43 [35], Serrasalmo gymnogenys Günther [A.], 1864:371] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Equatorial lakes and rivers of Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Lower portions of tributaries of lower Amazon River and Guyana rivers: Brazil and Guyana. Habitat: freshwater. (erythrophthalmus) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] Current status: Synonym of Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Serrasalmidae. (gymnogenys) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Steindachner, 1908) - Para piranaha [=Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) calmoni Steindachner [F.], 1908:361, Pygocentrus bilineatus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:47, Serrasalmus coccogenis Fowler [H. W.], 1911:428, Fig. 4, Pygopristis gibbosus Starks [E. C.], 1913:17, Pl. 3] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 45 (no. 18); ref. 18800] Rio Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner, 1908). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Middle and lower Amazon and Orinoco River basins; coastal rivers of Guyana: Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (bilineatus) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Aruka River, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner, 1908). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (coccogenis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 63; ref. 1383] La Pedrita, Caño Uracoa, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner, 1908). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (gibbosus) [Leland Stanford Jr. University Publications, University Series; ref. 4197] Market at Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner, 1908). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pristobrycon careospinus Fink & Machado-Allison, 1992 - Atabapo piranaha (author) [=Pristobrycon careospinus Fink [W. L.] & Machado-Allison [A.], 1992:69, Fig. 20] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14548] El Loro lagoon, Río Atabapo, 1 kilometer from San Fernando De Atabapo, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela, 4°00'N, 67°50'W. Current status: Valid as Pristobrycon careospinus Fink & Machado-Allison, 1992. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Atabapo River in Orinoco River basin: Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pristobrycon maculipinnis Fink & Machado-Allison, 1992 - Pamoni piranaha (author) [=Pristobrycon maculipinnis Fink [W. L.] & Machado-Allison [A.], 1992:66, Fig. 19] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14548] Caño Doyotomoni, tributary of Río Pamoni, 4 kilometers south of the confluence with Río Casiquiare, Venezuela, 2°48'N, 64°54'W. Current status: Valid as Pristobrycon maculipinnis Fink & Machado-Allison, 1992. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Blackwater areas in tributary of Casiquiare River, a tributary of Atabapo River, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species (Steindachner, 1908) - Steindachner's piranaha (author) [=Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) striolatus Steindachner [F.], 1908:360, Pygopristis antoni Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1965:[1], Fig., Pristobrycon baratai Amaral Campos [A.], 1946:218, Fig. 1, Serrasalmo scapularis Günther [A.], 1864:368] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 45 (no. 18); ref. 18800] Rio Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner, 1908). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins and northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (antoni) [Evencias No. 17; ref. 17534] Río San José, Estado Guárico, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner, 1908). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (baratai) [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 7 (no. 17); ref. 107] Rio Tapajós, Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner, 1908). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (scapularis) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Essequibo River, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner, 1908). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pygocentrus Müller & Troschel, 1844 - piranhas [=Pygocentrus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:94, Gastropristis Eigenmann [C. H.], 1915:238, Rooseveltiella Eigenmann [C. H.], 1915:240, Taddyella Ihering [H. von], 1928:45] Notes: [ref. 3070]. Masc. Serrasalmus piraya Cuvier, 1819. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Eigenmann 1910:442 [ref. 1224]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus Lacepède, 1803, but a valid subgenus Pygocentrus -- (Géry 1976:52 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:290 [ref. 1597]). •Valid as Pygocentrus Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Taphorn 1992:308 [ref. 23654], Fink 1993 [ref. 20937], Machado-Allison & Fink 1991:109 [ref. 22050], Fink & Zelditch 1997:179 [ref. 22686], Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], Machado-Allison 2002:55 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Freeman et al. 2007:1 et seq. [ref. 29167], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Hubert & Renno 2010:33 [ref. 31099], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Pygocentrus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Serrasalmidae. (Gastropristis) [ref. 1232]. Fem. Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) ternetzi Steindachner, 1908. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Serrasalmus Lacepède, 1803, but as a synonym of the later subgenus Taddyella von Ihering, 1928 -- (Géry 1976:52 [ref. 14199]). •Synonym of Pygocentrus Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Taphorn 1992:308 [ref. 23654], Fink 1993:668 [ref. 20937], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Serrasalmidae. (Rooseveltiella) [ref. 1232]. Fem. Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858. Type by original designation. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Rooseveltiella Fox in Siphonaptera [not investigated]; replaced by Taddyella Ihering, 1928. •In the synonymy of Serrasalmus Lacepède, 1803, subgenus Taddyella Ihering, 1928 -- (Géry 1972:226 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:52 [ref. 14199]). •In the synonymy of Pygocentrus Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Taphorn 1992:308 [ref. 23654], Fink 1993:668 [ref. 20937], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Serrasalmidae. (Taddyella) [ref. 5011]. Fem. Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Rooseveltiella Eigenmann, 1915, preoccupied by Rooseveltiella Fox, 1914 in Siphonaptera. •Synonym of Serrasalmus Lacepède, 1803, but a valid subgenus Taddyella -- (Géry 1972:237 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:52 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:291 [ref. 1597]). •Synonym of Pygocentrus Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Fink 1993:669 [ref. 20937], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Serrasalmidae.

Species Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt, in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821) - black spot piranha [=Serrasalmo cariba Humboldt [F. H. A. von], in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821:216, [173], Pl. 47 (fig. 1), Serrasalmo albus Humboldt [F. H. A. von], in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821:173, Pl. 47 (fig. 1), Serrasalmus caribe Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:279, Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) notatus Lütken [C. F.], 1875:238 [49], Pygocentrus stigmaterythraeus Fowler [H. W.], 1911:424, Fig. 3] Notes: [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Apuré and Orinoco rivers, South America. Current status: Valid as Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt, 1821). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Apuré and Orinoco rivers, South America. Habitat: freshwater. (albus) [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt, 1821). Serrasalmidae. (caribe) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Orinoco River, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt, 1821). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (notatus) [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Aaret 1874 (nos 12-16); ref. 17563] Caracas, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt, 1821). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (stigmaterythraeus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 63; ref. 1383] La Pedrita, Caño Uracoa, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt, 1821). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 - red piranha, red-bellied piranha [=Pygocentrus nattereri Kner [R.], 1858:166 [6], Pygocentrus altus Gill [T. N.], 1870:93, Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) ternetzi Steindachner [F.], 1908:359] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Cuiabá and Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Paraguay-Paraná River basin, northeastern Brazilian coastal rivers and Essequibo River basin: Argentina, Bolovia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater. (altus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 22; ref. 17630] Río Marañon or Río Napo, Amazon system, Peru or Ecuador. Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858. Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (ternetzi) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 45 (no. 18); ref. 18800] Rio Paraguay at Descalvados, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858. Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pygocentrus palometa Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - palometa piranha (author) [=Pygocentrus palometa Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:296] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Río Apuré, Río Guerico, Lower Río Orinoco, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Pygocentrus palometa Valenciennes, 1850. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier, 1819) - blacktail piranha, San Francisco piranha [=Serrasalmus piraya Cuvier [G.], 1819:368, Pl. 28 (fig. 4), Pygocentrus bidorsalis Kner [R.] (ex Heckel), 1860:36 [28], Serrasalmo ferox Swainson [W.], 1838:254, Serrasalmo piranha Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:71, Pl. 28] Notes: [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (N. S.) (Série A) Zoologie v. 5; ref. 1017] Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier, 1819). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (bidorsalis) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier, 1819). Serrasalmidae. (ferox) [The natural history and classification v. 1; ref. 4302] Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier, 1819). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (piranha) [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Rio São Francisco lakes, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier, 1819). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pygopristis Müller & Troschel, 1844 - piranhas [=Pygopristis Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:95] Notes: [ref. 3070]. Fem. Pygopristis fumarius Müller & Troschel, 1844. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Eigenmann 1910:441 [ref. 1224]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus Lacepède, 1803, but a valid subgenus Pygopristes -- (Géry 1972:209 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:52 [ref. 14199]). •Valid as Pygopristes Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Taphorn 1992:312 [ref. 23654], Machado-Allison 2002:42 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Hubert & Renno 2010:33 [ref. 31099]). Current status: Valid as Pygopristis Müller & Troschel, 1844. Serrasalmidae.

Species Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier, 1819) - lobetoothed piranha [=Serrasalmus denticulatus Cuvier [G.], 1819:371, Pygopristis fumarius Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:95, Serrasalmus punctatus Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1841:223, Pl. 17] Notes: [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (N. S.) (Série A) Zoologie v. 5; ref. 1017] Locality unknown [Guyana]. Current status: Valid as Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier, 1819). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers; tributaries of lower Amazon: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (fumarius) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guiana [Guyana]. Current status: Synonym of Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier, 1819). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (punctatus) [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier, 1819). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Serrasalmus Lacepède, 1803 - piranhas, pirambebas, "typical" piranhas [=Serrasalmus Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1803:283, Serrasalmo Duméril [A. M. C.], 1806:146, 342] Notes: [ref. 4930]. Masc. Salmo rhombeus Linnaeus, 1766. Type by monotypy. Serrasalmo is a misspelling or unjustified emendation. •Valid as Serrasalmus Lacepède, 1803 -- (Géry 1972:208 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:52 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:278 [ref. 1597], Géry et al. 1987:449 [ref. 6001], Taphorn 1992:328 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:66 [ref. 24147], Machado-Allison 2002:61 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Freeman et al. 2007:16 [ref. 29167], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Hubert & Renno 2010:33 [ref. 31099], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus Lacepède, 1803. Serrasalmidae. (Serrasalmo) [ref. 1151]. Masc. Salmo rhombeus Linnaeus, 1766. Type by subsequent designation. Latinized on p. 342. Type designated by Fowler 1950:279 [not researched]. Not intended as a new name -- serrasalmo La Cep. in parentheses; regarded as an incorrect subsequent spelling of Serrasalmus. •Objective synonym of Serrasalmus Lacepède, 1803 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:19089 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus Lacepède, 1803. Serrasalmidae.

Species Serrasalmus altispinis Merckx et al., 2000 - Pitinga piranha (author) [=Serrasalmus altispinis Merckx [A.], Jégu [M.] & Santos [G. M. dos], 2000:191, Figs. 3, 4B, 5B, 7B, 8A] Notes: [Cybium v. 24 (no. 2); ref. 24718] Quarenta Ilhas rapids, Pitinga River, Uatumã basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus altispinis Merckx, Jégu & Santos, 2000. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Uatumã River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus altuvei Ramírez, 1965 - caribe azul [=Serrasalmus altuvei Ramírez [M. V.], 1965:1, Fig. (p. 3)] Notes: [Evencias No. 14; ref. 20769] El Polvero, Río San José, Guárico, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus altuvei Ramírez, 1965. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus auriventris (Burmeister, 1861) - golden-bellied piranha (author) [=Serrasalmo auriventris Burmeister [H. K.], 1861:536] Notes: [Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten v. 2; ref. 23859] Río Paraná, near the Quinta [small farm west of city of Paraná right at the bank of the Paraná], Argentina. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus auriventris (Burmeister, 1861). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus brandtii Lutken, 1875 - white piranha [=Serrasalmo brandtii Lütken [C. F.] (ex Reinhardt), 1875:137 [11]] Notes: [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus brandtii Lütken, 1875. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus compressus Jégu et al., 1991 - compressus piranha (author) [=Serrasalmus compressus Jégu [M.], Leão [E. L. M.] & Santos [G. M. dos], 1991:102, Figs. 2 (a-b)] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 13589] Laguna Mocovi, Río Mocovi, Béni Province, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus compressus Jégu, Leão & Santos, 1991. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Middle Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus eigenmanni Norman, 1929 - Eigenmann's piranha (author) [=Serrasalmus eigenmanni Norman [J. R.], 1929:804, Fig. 16] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [v. 98] (pt 4) (no. 30); ref. 3218] Rockstone, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus eigenmanni Norman, 1929. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin and northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus elongatus Kner, 1858 - slender piranha [=Serrasalmus elongatus Kner [R.], 1858:167 [7], Serrasalmus pingke Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1951:[1], Fig. on 3rd unnumbered p.] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus elongatus Kner, 1858. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (pingke) [Evencias No. 12; ref. 17533] Río Apure, La Defensa, suroeste de San Fernando de Apure, Estado Apure, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus elongatus Kner, 1858. Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus geryi Jégu & Santos, 1988 - violet-line piranha [=Serrasalmus geryi Jégu [M.] & Santos [G. M. dos], 1988:248, Pl. 8] Notes: [Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 16245] Rio Araguaia, Araguacema, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus geryi Jégu & Santos, 1988. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus gibbus Castelnau, 1855 - Araguay piranha (author) [=Serrasalmus gibbus Castelnau [F. L.], 1855:71, Pl. 38 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio Araguay, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus gibbus Castelnau, 1855. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus gouldingi Fink & Machado-Allison, 1992 - blue tiger piranha [=Serrasalmus gouldingi Fink [W. L.] & Machado-Allison [A.], 1992:58, Figs. 2, 12, 13-14] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14548] Anavilhanas, Río Negro, Brazil, 2°50'S, 61°00'W. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus gouldingi Fink & Machado-Allison, 1992. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus hastatus Fink & Machado-Allison, 2001 - Branco piranha (author) [=Serrasalmus hastatus Fink [W. L.] & Machado-Allison [A.], 2001:4, Figs. 2-8] Notes: [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 730; ref. 25510] Rio Branco, Marara beach, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus hastatus Fink & Machado-Allison, 2001. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Negro River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus hollandi Eigenmann, 1915 - Holland's piranha (author) [=Serrasalmo hollandi Eigenmann [C. H.], 1915:251, Pl. 48] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Rio Guaporé at Maciél, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus hollandi Eigenmann, 1915. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Madeira River basin and ? Guyana rivers: Brazil and Guiana (?). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - pirambeba [=Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:279, Salmo tizoura Kner [R.] (ex Natterer), 1860:40 [32]] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazonas, Brazil [evidently in error for Araguay River, Tocantins basin]. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes, 1850. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (tizoura) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes, 1850. Serrasalmidae.

Species Serrasalmus irritans Peters, 1877 - caribe pinche [=Serrasalmo irritans Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1877:472, Serrasalmus fernandezi Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1965:[1], Fig.] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preuss[ischen] Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1877; ref. 18538] San Fernando Apure, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus irritans Peters, 1877. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (fernandezi) [Evencias No. 16; ref. 17535] El Polvero, Río San José, Estado Guárico, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus irritans Peters, 1877. Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 1858 - spotted piranha [=Serrasalmus maculatus Kner [R.], 1858:166 [6], Serrasalmo aesopus Cope [E. D.], 1872:269, Pygocentrus melanurus Kner [R.] (ex Heckel), 1860:42 [34]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 1858. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon and Paraguay-Paraná River basin: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater. (aesopus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Marañon between mouths of Rio Negro, Brazil and Rio Huallaga, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 1858. Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (melanurus) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 1858. Serrasalmidae.

Species Serrasalmus manueli (Fernández-Yépez & Ramírez, 1967) - green tiger piranha [=Pygocentrus manueli Fernández-Yépez [A.] & Ramírez [M. V.], 1967:11, Fig. 4] Notes: [Los Caribes (serrasalmidos) de Venezuela y las pesquerias; ref. 21018] Río Paraguaza, Middle Orinoco River, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus manueli (Fernández-Yépez & Ramírez, 1967). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1837 - Parana piranha (author) [=Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes [A.], 1837:no p., Pl. 10 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale; ref. 20720] Rio Paraná, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1837. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Paraguay-Paraná River basin: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus medinai Ramírez, 1965 - red-throated piranha [=Serrasalmus medinai Ramírez [M. V.], 1965:1, Fig. on p. 2] Notes: [Evencias No. 15; ref. 20768] El Polvero, Río San José, Guárico, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus medinai Ramírez, 1965. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Serrasalmus nalseni Fernández-Yépez, 1969 - caribe pintado [=Serrasalmus nalseni Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1969:unnumbered p. 3] Notes: [Evencias No. 23; ref. 21207] Río Uracoa, 9°10'N, 62°27'W, Estado Monagas, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus nalseni Fernández-Yépez, 1969. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus neveriensis Machado-Allison et al., 1993 - Querecual piranha (author) [=Serrasalmus neveriensis Machado-Allison [A.], Fink [W. L.], López Rojas [H.] & Rodenas [R.], 1993:48, Figs. 4-7] Notes: [Acta Biologica Venezuelica v. 14 (no. 4); ref. 20770] Río Querecual, tributary Río Neveri, Querechual, Estado Anzoálegui, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus neveriensis Machado-Allison, Fink, López Rojas & Rodenas, 1993. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus nigricans Spix & Agassiz, 1829 - Spix's piranha (author) [=Serrasalmo nigricans Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:72, Pl. 30] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Equatorial rivers of Brazil. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus nigricans Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus nigricauda (Burmeister, 1861) - Rosario piranha (author) [=Serrasalmo nigricauda Burmeister [H. K.], 1861:536] Notes: [Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten v. 2; ref. 23859] Río Paraná, near Rosario, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus nigricauda (Burmeister, 1861). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Argentina. Habitat: freshwater. Species Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766) - black piranha [=Salmo rhombeus Linnaeus [C.], 1766:514, Serrasalmus boekeri Ahl [E.], 1931:406, Fig., Serrasalmo humeralis var. gracilior Eigenmann [C. H.], 1915:257, Fig. 9, Serrasalmo immaculatus Cope [E. D.], 1878:692, Serrasalmus niger Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1841:225, Pl. 18, Serrasalmus (Taddyella) normani Géry [J.], 1964:614, Figs. 4, 5a] Notes: [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Brokopondo, Suriname River, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, northern and eastern Guiana Shield, and northeastern Brazilian coastal rivers: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (boekeri) [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1930; ref. 16255] Amazon River. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (gracilior) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Rio Guaporé at Maciél, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (immaculatus) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. (niger) [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Guyana. No types known. •Valid as Serrasalmus niger Jardine 1841 -- (Géry1972:239 [ref. 1594]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Guyana and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (normani) [Vie et Milieu v. 14 (fasc. 3) [for 1963]; ref. 10056] Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus odyssei Hubert & Renno, 2010 - Itenez piranha (author) [=Serrasalmus odyssei Hubert [N.] & Renno [J.-F.], 2010:49, 52] Notes: [Evolution of the Neotropical Ichthyofauna; ref. 31099] Rio Itenez, Bella vista, 13°31.1'S, 61°33.2'W, Madeira, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus odyssei Hubert & Renno, 2010. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Rio San Martin and Rio Paragá, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus sanchezi Géry, 1964 - Sanchez's piranha (author) [=Serrasalmus (Serrasalmus) sanchezi Géry [J.], 1964:27, Fig. 22] Notes: [Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 1580] "Caño Yarina", on edge of Río Pacaya, tributary of Puinahua Canal, branch of lower Río Ucayali, Peru. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus sanchezi Géry, 1964. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Ucayali River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus serrulatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - caribe cortador [=Pygopristis serrulatus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:300] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus serrulatus (Valenciennes, 1850). Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin and ? Essequibo River basin: Amazon (?), Brazil, Guyana (?) and Peru; Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner, 1858 - dark-banded piranha [=Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner [R.], 1858:166 [6], Pygocentrus dulcis Kner [R.] (ex Heckel), 1860:44 [36]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Bobota, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner, 1858. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Guaporé River basin, Paraná River basin: Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (dulcis) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner, 1858. Serrasalmidae. GENUS Tometes Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - rheophilic serrasalmids [=Tometes Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:225] Notes: [ref. 1014]. Masc. Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes, 1850. Type by subsequent designation. Type apparently first designated by Jordan 1919:242 [ref. 2410]. •Synonym of Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Géry 1972:157 [ref. 1594], Géry 1976:49 [ref. 14199], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Tometes Valenciennes, 1850 -- (Jégu et al. 2002:24 [ref. 26274], Jügu et al. 2002:253 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685], Andrade et al. 2013:297 [ref. 32757]). Current status: Valid as Tometes Valenciennes, 1850. Serrasalmidae.

Species Tometes ancylorhynchus Andrade et al., 2016 - Cachoeira piranha (author) [=Tometes ancylorhynchus Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.] & Giarrizzo [T.], 2016:479, Figs. 3b, 4b, 12-14] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 89 (no. 1); ref. 34140] Cachoeira do Jericoá, Vitória do Xingu, Rio Xingu, Pará, Brazil, 3°21'52.3"S, 51°44'02.7"W. Current status: Valid as Tometes ancylorhynchus Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo, 2016. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Xingu River and Tocantins-Araguaia River basins, Pará and Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tometes camunani Andrade et al., 2013 - Trombetas piranha (author) [=Tometes camunani Andrade [M. C.], Giarrizzo [T,] & Jégu [M.], 2013:298, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 32757] Pará, Trombetas basin, rio Erepecuru, upstream of Cachoeira do Chuvisco, 00°59'59"S, 56°04'42"W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Tometes camunani Andrade, Giarrizzo & Jégu, 2013. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Upper drainages of the rio Trombetas basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tometes kranponhah Andrade et al., 2016 - Xingu piranha (author) [=Tometes kranponhah Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.] & Giarrizzo [T.], 2016:469, Figs. 1-5, 7-9] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 89 (no. 1); ref. 34140] Cachoeira do Espelho, Rio Xingu, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 3°38'49.9"S, 52°22'54.5"W. Current status: Valid as Tometes kranponhah Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo, 2016. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Xingu River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tometes lebaili Jégu et al., 2002 - Litany piranha (author) [=Tometes lebaili Jégu [M.], Keith [P.] & Belmont-Jégu [E.], 2002:26, Figs. 2-5, 7-12] Notes: [Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture v. 364; ref. 26274] Rapids upstream of the Litany River at Antecume Pata village, 3°18'06.4"N, 54°04'54.1"W, Maroni River system, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Tometes lebaili Jégu, Keith & Belmont-Jégu, 2002. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Guianas and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tometes makue Jégu et al., 2002 - makue piranha (author) [=Tometes makue Jégu [M.], Santos [G. M. dos] & Belmont-Jégu [E.], 2002:254, Figs. 2, 4 (A-B), 5 (A-C), 6-12, 13 (A), 14-16] Notes: [Cybium v. 26 (no. 4); ref. 26654] Downstream of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, rio Negro, Ile d'Acara, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Tometes makue Jégu, Santos & Belmont-Jégu, 2002. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Middle and upper Negro River and Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tometes siderocarajensis Andrade et al., 2017 - Itacaiunas River piranha (author) [=Tometes siderocarajensis Andrade [M. C.], Machado [V. N.], Jégu [M.], Farias [I. P.] & Giarrizzo [T.], 2017:4, Figs. 1, 2a-b, 3, 4] Notes: [PLoS ONE v. 12 (no. 4) e0170053; ref. 35291] Itacaiúnas River, nearby Paulo Fontelles Road, Caldeirão, Serra dos Carajás, Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil, 5°52'38.2"S, 50°29'27.8"W. Current status: Valid as Tometes siderocarajensis Andrade, Machado, Jégu, Farias & Giarrizzo, 2017. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - Cayenne piranha (author) [=Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:226, Tometes unilobatus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:228] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Cayenne, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes, 1850. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Northeastern Guiana Shield rivers: Brazil and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater. (unilobatus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Cayenne, French Guiana. Current status: Synonym of Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes, 1850. Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Utiaritichthys Miranda Ribeiro, 1937 - serrasalmids [=Utiaritichthys Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1937:58] Notes: [ref. 20799]. Masc. Utiaritichthys sennaebragai Miranda Ribeiro, 1937. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Utiaritichlys on p. 58. Species originally sennae-bragai (correction mandatory). •Valid as Utiaritichthys Miranda Ribeiro, 1937 -- (Géry 1976:51 [ref. 14199], Géry 1977:267 [ref. 1597], Jégu et al. 1992:105 [ref. 19734], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Serrasalmidae, Mirande 2010:471 [ref. 31006], Pereira & Castro 2014:397 [ref. 33385]). Current status: Valid as Utiaritichthys Miranda Ribeiro, 1937. Serrasalmidae.

Species Utiaritichthys esguiceroi Pereira & Castro, 2014 - Juruena piranha (author) [=Utiaritichthys esguiceroi Pereira [T. N. A.] & Castro [R. M. C.], 2014:398, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 33385] Mato Grosso State, rio Tapajós drainage, rio Juruena, nearby the município de Sapezal, 12°51’29"S, 58°55’23"W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Utiaritichthys esguiceroi Pereira & Castro, 2014. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Upper portions of rio Juruena, Rio Tapajós drainage, Brazil Habitat: freshwater. Species Utiaritichthys longidorsalis Jégu et al., 1992 - Aripuana piranha (author) [=Utiaritichthys longidorsalis Jégu [M.], Tito de Morais [L.] & Santos [G. M. dos], 1992:114, Figs. 1, 7a, 7b, 8] Notes: [Cybium v. 16 (no. 2); ref. 19734] Rio Aripuana, 3 kilometers from above the Dardanellos Fall, Madeira basin, 60°40'W, 9°10'S, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Utiaritichthys longidorsalis Jégu, Tito de Morais & Santos, 1992. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Madeira River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Utiaritichthys sennaebragai Miranda Ribeiro, 1937 - Papagaio piranha (author) [=Utiaritichthys sennaebragai Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1937:58] Notes: [O Campo Rio de Janeiro No. 8; ref. 20799] Upstream of Salto Utiarity falls, 13°S, 58°15'W, Affluent of Rio Papagaio, Mato Grosso, northeastern Brazil. Current status: Valid as Utiaritichthys sennaebragai Miranda Ribeiro, 1937. Serrasalmidae. Distribution: Right tributaries of middle and lower Amazon River and lower Orinoco River basin: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. ****************************************************************************** Unavailable names, uncertain taxa unimaculatus, Metynnis Kochetov [A. M.] 1989:101 [ ref. 34351] Also a primary homonym of Metynnis unimaculatus Steindachner 1908. Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. latus, Tetragonopterus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:241 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rivers of Guyana. No types known. Myletes latus Muller & Troschel 1844:97 mentioned by Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 as described as a synonym of Tetragonopterus latus Jardin & Schomburgk 1841 -- latus of Muller & Troschel is therefore a name in synonymy and not available; based on specimens mentioned, Jégu placed as a synonym of Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). •Synonym of Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Géry 1972:183 [ref. 1594]). •Species inquirenda in family , subfamily Serrasalminae -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:193 [ref. 27061]). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. emarginatus, Serrasalmo Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:231, Pl. 19 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Not available, name in text under Salmo emarginatus. •Questionably in the synonymy of Serrasalmus aureus gymnogenys (Günther 1864) -- (Géry 1972:218 [ref. 1594]). •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus. Serrasalmidae. iridopsis, Serrasalmo Cope [E. D.] 1872:268, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 7913. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:49 [ref. 13621]. •Questionably a synonym of Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Uncertain as Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. paraense, Serrasalmo (Serrasalmo) Steindachner [F.] 1908:362 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Rio Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 10587 (1), 57067 (1). •Questionably a synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Uncertain as Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. scotopterus, Serrasalmo Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:233 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Branco, South America. No types known. •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061]). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. stagnatilis, Serrasalmo Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:222 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Upper Essequibo River, Guyana. No types known. •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061]). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater. undulatus, Serrasalmo Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:232 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Padauiri. No types known. Genus name in account as S., presumed to be an abbreviation of Serrasalmo. •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061]). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.