The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) : an Historical

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Acquisitions List June 2013 New Books and Journal Articles

Liste d’acquisitions Juin 2013 Nouveaux livres et articles de revues

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Index

AFGHAN WAR, 2001-, 5, 15 ARAB SPRING, 2010-, 15 ARMS TRANSFERS--USA, 16 ASEAN, 16 ASTRONAUTICS, MILITARY--USA, 17

BALKAN PENINSULA--NATIONAL SECURITY, 5 BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSES--EUROPE, 6

CHINA--FOREIGN RELATIONS, 17 CHINA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--USA, 17 CLIMATIC CHANGES--AFRICA, 18 COMPUTER SECURITY, 6 CONTRACTING OUT--USA, 18 CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE--SECURITY MEASURES--USA, 7

DEMOCRATIZATION, 7, 19 DEMOCRATIZATION--SLOVAKIA, 19 DISASTER RELIEF, 8 DRONE AIRCRAFT--FRANCE, 20 DRONE AIRCRAFT--HISTORY, 8 DRUG TRAFFIC--AFRICA, WEST, 9

ENERGY POLICY--EGYPT, 20 ENERGY SECURITY--USA, 9 ETHNIC CONFLICT--FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS, 10 EU--GREAT BRITAIN, 20

HUMAN SECURITY, 20

INFORMATION WARFARE, 10, 21 INSURGENCY--WESTERN SAHARA, 10 INTERNAL SECURITY--AFGHANISTAN, 21 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, 21 INTERVENTION (INTERNATIONAL LAW)--FRANCE, 21 INTERVENTION (INTERNATIONAL LAW)--RUSSIA (FEDERATION), 11

JUST WAR DOCTRINE, 11

KOREA (NORTH)--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, 22

LIBYA--HISTORY--CIVIL WAR, 2011-, 22

MALI--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, 23 MILITARY BASES, AMERICAN--MEDITERRANEAN REGION, 23

NATO, 12

NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT--USA, 24 NUCLEAR DETERRENCE, 24 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS--SAFETY MEASURES--CHINA, 25 NUCLEAR TERRORISM--PAKISTAN, 25

ORGANIZED CRIME, 26 ORGANIZED CRIME--AFRICA, WEST, 26

PEACE-BUILDING--USA, 12 POWER RESOURCES, 12

ROBOTICS--MILITARY APPLICATIONS, 26 RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELALTIONS--ASIA, 26 RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELATIONS--EUROPE, 12 RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--NAVY, 27

SYRIA--HISTORY--PROTESTS, 2011-, 13, 27

TERRORISTS, 27 TREATY ON CONVENTIONAL ARMED FORCES IN EUROPE (1990), 28

UNITED NATIONS--PEACEKEEPING FORCES, 28 UNITED NATIONS--PEACEKEEPING FORCES--AFRICA, 13, 29 USA--ARMED FORCES--DEFENSE SPENDING, 29 USA--ARMY, 30 USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS, 14, 30 USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--ASIA, 30 USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--CHINA, 31

WMD NONPROLIFERATION, 31

New Books Nouveaux livres

AFGHAN WAR, 2001- Afghanistan from the Cold War through the War on Terror / by Barnett R. Rubin. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press, 2013. xxiii, 504 pages : ill.; 25 cm. ID number: 80024923 Type: M Call Number: 341.2 /00521 ISBN: 9780199791125 Author(s): 1. Rubin, Barnett R. Includes index. 'The author has gathered and updated here his most important essays from two decades of close study to offer a comprehensive portrait of that country's tumultuous recent history.'

BALKAN PENINSULA--NATIONAL SECURITY Shaping South East Europe's Security Community for the Twenty-First Century : Trust, Partnership, Integration. - Houndmills, UK : Palgrave MacMillan, 2013. xx, 225 pages ; 23 cm. (New Security Challenges) ID number: 80024927 Type: M Call Number: 355.4 /01826 ISBN: 9781137010193 Includes index. 'This book brings together leading academic specialists and policy practitioners from South East European countries, the United States and other interested regional parties, to explore and develop cooperative approaches for managing critical, contemporary and emerging security challenges for South East Europe and the wider international community. This collection focuses upon trust, partnership, and a striving for more effective regional integration, an antithesis to traditional approaches to national security driven by the illusions of power and national egotism. It explores a range of transnational challenges dominating the international security agenda including management of weapons of mass destruction, cybersecurity, organized crime, terrorism, energy and maritime security, economic development and demographic change.'

BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSES--EUROPE Defense antimissile et securite europeenne : variations conceptuelles, positionnements politico-strategiques et perspectives de mise en oeuvre / by Alain de Neve. - Bruxelles : Institut Royal Superieur de Defense, 2013. x, 105 pages : 25 cm. (Securite et Strategie ; 114) ID number: 80024942 Type: M Call Number: 623 /01177 Author(s): 1. Neve, Alain de Bibliography: p. 101-105. 'L'adoption lors du Sommet de Lisbonne de novembre 2010 par les chefs d'Etat et de gouvernement de l'Alliance atlantique d'une defense antimissile etendue a l'ensemble des territoires et populations de ses membres a fait suite a la reorientation du projet de Missile Defense des Etats-Unis en septembre 2009, elle-meme inscrite dans la politique du 'Reset' entre Washington et Moscou. Bien que les Europeens n'aient jamais considere la question de l'antimissile comme un theme de debat au niveau de l'UE, la decision de l'OTAN oblige ceux-ci a integrer cette dimension dans leurs perspectives programmatiques militaires. Quelles sont les implications d'une defense antimissile pour le continent europeen ? Quelles peuvent etre les modalites d'une participation europeenne au systeme envisage ? Quels sont les buts industriels, strategiques et politiques qui se situent a la base du projet ? Telles sont quelques-unes des questions qu'ambitionne d'explorer la presente etude.'

COMPUTER SECURITY Cyber Security Policy Guidebook. - Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2012. xvi, 270 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. ID number: 80024939 Type: M Call Number: 681 /00823 ISBN: 9781118027806 Bibliography: p. 255-265. Includes index. 'Drawing upon a wealth of experience from academia, industry, and government service, this book details and dissects current organizational cybersecurity policy issues on a global scale. Using simple language, it includes a thorough description of each issue, lists pros and cons, documents policy alternatives for the sake of clarity with respect to policy alone, and dives into organizational implementation issues. It also equips the reader with descriptions of the impact of specific policy choices, both positive and negative. This book gives students, scholars, and technical decision-makers the necessary knowledge of cybersecurity policy in order to make more informed decisions'.

CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE--SECURITY MEASURES--USA Cyber Infrastructure Protection. Volume II. - Carlisle, PA : US Army War College, 2013. viii, 267 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm. ID number: 80024921 Type: M Call Number: 681 /00818 ISBN: 1584875712 'Increased reliance on the Internet and other networked systems raise the risks of cyber attacks that could harm our nation's cyber infrastructure. The cyber infrastructure encompasses a number of sectors including : the nation's mass transit and other transportation systems; banking and financial systems; factories; energy systems and the electric power grid; and telecommunications, which increasingly rely on a complex array of computer networks, including the public Internet. However, many of these systems and networks were not built and designed with security in mind. Therefore, our cyber infrastructure contains many holes, risks, and vulnerabilities that may enable an attacker to cause damage or disrupt cyber infrastructure operations. Threats to cyber infrastructure safety and security come from hackers, terrorists, criminal groups, and sophisticated organized crime groups; even nation-states and foreign intelligence services conduct cyber warfare. Cyber attackers can introduce new viruses, worms, and bots capable of defeating many of our efforts. Costs to the economy from these threats are huge and increasing. Government, business, and academia must therefore work together to understand the threat and develop various modes of fighting cyber attacks, and to establish and enhance a framework to assess the vulnerability of our cyber infrastructure and provide strategic policy directions for the protection of such an infrastructure. This book addresses such questions as : How serious is the cyber threat ? What technical and policy-based approaches are best suited to securing telecommunications networks and information systems infrastructure security ? What role will government and the private sector play in homeland defense against cyber attacks on critical civilian infrastructure, financial, and logistical systems ? What legal impediments exist concerning efforts to defend the nation against cyber attacks, especially in preventive, preemptive, and retaliatory actions ?'

DEMOCRATIZATION Military Engagement : Influencing Armed Forces Worldwide to Support Democratic Transitions. Volume I : Overview and Action Plan / by Dennis C. Blair. - Washington : Brookings Institution Press, 2013. xii, 144 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. ID number: 80024928 Type: M Call Number: 321 /00878 ISBN: 9780815725053 Author(s): 1. Blair, Dennis C. Bibliography: p. 131-134. Includes index. 'The response of an autocratic nation's armed forces is crucial to the outcome of democratization movements throughout the world. But how can military officers and defense officials in democratic nations persuade their counterparts in autocratic regimes to favor democratic transitions ? The author confronts this hard-edged challenge with a primer on the factors that affect military behavior during democratic transitions. This book makes the strong case for why the armed forces of any country should favor democracy and why, contrary to conventional wisdom, many military leaders have supported democratic transitions in different regions of the world. Further, it explains why military support, active or tacit, is essential to the success of any democratic transition. The author provides incisive commentary on civil-military relations and outlines the foundational elements of armed forces in a democratic country. He presents sound advice to

defense officials and military leaders in established democracies that can be put into practice when interacting with colleagues in both autocratic regimes and those that have made the break with dictatorship. This succinct handbook analyzes democratic transitions in five major regions and surveys the internal power dynamics in countries such as Iran and North Korea, dictatorships that are hostile toward and fearful of democratic influences. The author juxtaposes the roles, values, and objectives of military leaders in autocratic nations with those in democracies. In turn, the book highlights how cross-networking with international military delegations can put external pressure on autocratic countries and persuade them that democracies are best not only for the country itself, but also for the armed forces.'

DISASTER RELIEF The Incremental Role of the Military in Disaster Relief : Future Prospects / by Bart Smedts. - Brussels : Royal Higher Institute for Defense, 2012. 33 pages : illustrations ; 30 cm. (Focus Paper ; 27) ID number: 80024944 Type: M Call Number: 361 /00018 Author(s): 1. Smedts, Bart 'The occurrence of natural, technological and man-made disasters tends to increase in frequency and intensity, which could result in national and international security issues. This paper analyses how continental Europe has tools at its disposal which could benefit from a coordinated approach to face upcoming challenges. The unique set of characteristics of the military is reviewed as a possible added value in disaster management.'

DRONE AIRCRAFT--HISTORY Histoire des drones : de 1914 a nos jours / by Oceane Zubeldia. - Paris : Perrin, 2012. 238 pages ; 20 cm. ID number: 80024925 Type: M Call Number: 623 /01176 ISBN: 9782262034481 Author(s): 1. Zubeldia, Oceane Bibliography: p. 227-232. Includes index. 'Alors que les drones, ces aeronefs sans pilote humain a bord, prennent une place determinante dans les conflits de notre temps et sont au centre des reflexions menees par les etats-majors de toutes les grandes puissances militaires, aucune etude globale ne leur avait ete consacree. C'est chose faite avec ce livre accessible qui repond, au-dela des questions purement strategiques et tactiques, aux interrogations politiques, juridiques et sociologiques que pose cette evolution majeure dans l'art de la guerre. Du renseignement aux missions d'attaque et de destruction, l'auteur montre que les drones sont aujourd'hui un outil indispensable pour toute campagne militaire. A titre d'exemple, leur poids dans la guerre d'Afghanistan ou dans la revolution libyenne, et particulierement dans la localisation de Kadhafi, a ete considerable. Par cette synthese unique et fondatrice, l'auteur dresse ainsi le bilan d'un siecle d'histoire des drones et nous laisse entrevoir ce que seront les guerres du XXIe siecle.'

DRUG TRAFFIC--AFRICA, WEST The Challenge of Drug Trafficking to Democratic Governance and Human Security in West Africa / by David E. Brown. - Carlisle, PA : US Army War College, 2013. xv, 84 pages ; 23 cm. (Letort Papers) ID number: 80024937 Type: M Call Number: 343 /00090 ISBN: 1584875682 Author(s): 1. Brown, David E. 'International criminal networks mainly from Latin America and Africa - some with links to terrorism - are turning West Africa into a key global hub for the distribution, wholesaling, and production of illicit drugs. These groups represent an existential threat to democratic governance of already fragile states in the sub-region because they are using narco-corruption to stage coups d'etat, hijack elections, and co-opt or buy political power. Besides a spike in drug-related crime, narcotics trafficking is also fraying West Africa's traditional social fabric and creating a public health crisis, with hundreds of thousands of new drug addicts. While the inflow of drug money may seem economically beneficial to West Africa in the short-term, investors will be less inclined to do business in the long-term if the sub-region is unstable. On net, drug trafficking and other illicit trade represent the most serious challenge to human security in the region since resource conflicts rocked several West African countries in the early 1990s. International aid to West Africa's 'war on drugs' is only in an initial stage; progress will be have to be measured in decades or even generations, not years and also unfold in parallel with creating alternative sustainable livelihoods and addressing the longer-term challenges of human insecurity, poverty, and underdevelopment.'

ENERGY SECURITY--USA Petropoly : The Collapse of America's Energy Security Paradigm / by Anne Korin, Gal Luft. - [s.l.] : CreateSpace, 2012. 176 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm. ID number: 80024933 Type: M Call Number: 620 /00170 ISBN: 9781478324867 Author(s): 1. Korin, Anne 2. Luft, Gal 'America's energy security paradigm has collapsed. For decades, politicians have been barking up the wrong tree when it comes to oil. Over the last decade, domestic oil production has increased, vehicle fuel efficiency has increased, oil imports have decreased, and yet the amount Americans spend on oil imports - not just per barrel but in total - has skyrocketed. We drill more, we use less, and yet we spend more. In the wake of the Arab Spring, we can expect OPEC to keep turning the screws to drive prices higher. On the bright side, a revolution in extraction technologies has opened the door to unconventional natural gas. There is a light at the end of the tunnel, but only if we wake up, wise up, and send a message to Washington to shift gears from pork laden no-lobbyist-left-behind energy bills to Teddy Roosevelt style trust-busting. The authors spell out here the pitfalls of an oil market dominated by a cartel and sketch a clear blueprint for getting America out from under its thumb.'

ETHNIC CONFLICT--FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS Post-Soviet Conflicts Revisited. - Frankfurt : Peter Lang, 2012. 253 pages ; 22 cm. (ICEUR Insight Studies ; 2) ID number: 80024929 Type: M Call Number: 323 /01334 ISBN: 9783631626382 'Despite the efforts of the international community, most of the armed conflicts triggered by the breakup of the Soviet Union have not been resolved. This volume strives to cast a fresh look at the protracted conflicts and to identify factors promoting or preventing their settlement or transformation. The authors analyze the conflicts from the vantage point of critical citizens of their home countries and draw on their experience as participants in the peace process. The lessons learned from successes and failures of the international community are galvanized into a package of policy recommendations that heed the specific character of each conflict.'

INFORMATION WARFARE A Fierce Domain : Conflict in Cyberspace, 1986 to 2012. - Vienna, VA : CCSA, 2013. 354 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. ID number: 80024941 Type: M Call Number: 355.4 /01827 ISBN: 9780989327404 Includes index. 'This book reaches back to look at the major 'wake-up calls', the major conflicts that have forced the realization that cyberspace is a harsh place where nations and others contest for superiority. It identifies the key lessons for policymakers, and, most importantly, where these lessons greatly differ from popular myths common in military and political circles.'

INSURGENCY--WESTERN SAHARA War and Insurgency in the Western Sahara / by Geoffrey Jensen. - Carlisle, PA : US Army War College, 2013. xii, 89 pages ; 23 cm. ID number: 80024938 Type: M Call Number: 355.4 /01828 ISBN: 1584875690 Author(s): 1. Jensen, Geoffrey, 1965- 'At a crucial crossroads between Africa and Europe, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, and the 'Arab World' and the West, Morocco has long had a special place in U.S. diplomacy and strategic planning. Since September 11, 2001, Morocco's importance to the United States has only increased, and the more recent uncertainties of the Arab Spring and Islamist extremism have further increased the value of the Moroccan-American alliance. Yet one of the pillars of the legitimacy of the Moroccan monarchy, its claim to the Western Sahara, remains a point of violent contention. Home to the largest functional military barrier in the world, the Western Sahara has a long history of colonial conquest and resistance, guerrilla warfare and counterinsurgency, and evolving strategic thought, and its future may prove critical to U.S. interests in the region.'

INTERVENTION (INTERNATIONAL LAW)--RUSSIA (FEDERATION) Russia, the West, and Military Intervention / by Roy Allison. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press, 2013. x, 307 pages ; 25 cm. ID number: 80024931 Type: M Call Number: 341.2 /00520 ISBN: 9780199590636 Author(s): 1. Allison, Roy Bibliography: p. 277-296. Includes index. 'Russia has been embroiled in bitter disputes with major Western powers over high-profile military interventions - over Kosovo (1999), Iraq (2003), Georgia (2008), and even Libya (2011) which had a UN Security Council mandate. Moscow and the West reached much more agreement over the Gulf War (1990) and intervention in Afghanistan (2001), but these cases are exceptional. This interdisciplinary study explores the persistent differences between Russian and Western leaders about most Western-led military campaigns and about Russia's own use of force in the CIS region. What does this tell us about emerging norms on the use of force in humanitarian crises ? How and why has there been such controversy over the legal justifications for these military operations ? Has greater consensus been possible over force in global counterterrorism ? What do all these controversies tell us about international rule-making ? More specifically, how can we understand Russian political and diplomatic responses during international crises around major interventions ? This book argues that Russia has been influential in these debates on norms and law as a permanent United Nations Security Council member and as a major military power. Moscow's approach to these questions has reflected distinctive and quite entrenched attitudes to international order and sovereignty, as well as a preoccupation with its own status. The book draws deeply on Russian sources to show how these attitudes are expressed among the Russian leadership and the political elite. This raises challenging questions about the ability of Russia and Western states to cooperate in emerging crises, in Syria, Iran, or elsewhere and about Russia's role in international society.'

JUST WAR DOCTRINE Ethics and the Laws of War : The Moral Justification of Legal Norms / by Antony Lamb. - Abingdon, UK : Routledge, 2013. 158 pages ; 24 cm. (Contemporary Security Studies) ID number: 80024934 Type: M Call Number: 341.3 /00234 ISBN: 9780415622653 Author(s): 1. Lamb, Antony, 1962- Bibliography: p. 147-154. Includes index. 'This book is an examination of the permissions, prohibitions and obligations found in just war theory, and the moral grounds for laws concerning war. Pronouncing an action or course of actions to be prohibited, permitted or obligatory by just war theory does not thereby establish the moral grounds of that prohibition, permission or obligation; nor does such a pronouncement have sufficient persuasive force to govern actions in the public arena. So what are the moral grounds of laws concerning war, and what ought these laws to be ? Adopting the distinction between jus ad bellum and jus in bello, the author argues that rules governing conduct in war can be morally grounded in a form of rule-consequentialism of negative duties. Looking towards the public rules, the book argues for a new interpretation of existing laws, and in some cases the implementation of completely new laws. These include recognising rights of encompassing groups to necessary self-defence; recognising a duty to rescue; and considering all persons neither in uniform nor bearing

arms as civilians and therefore fully immune from attack, thus ruling out 'targeted' or 'named' killings.'

NATO The World in 2020 : Can NATO Protect Us ? The Challenges to Critical Infrastructure : Conference Report. - Brussels : NATO, 2012. 39 pages : illustrations ; 30 cm. ID number: 80024946 Type: M Call Number: 496.3 /00432 Conference Report, 10 December 2012, Brussels. 'The conference was organized around three panels. The first identified the key challenges to critical infrastructure. The second discussed the responsibilities of the major actors and their relationship to each other. The third assessed NATO's role in the protection of critical infrastructure. A closing session provided an overview of the findings.'

PEACE-BUILDING--USA Peace Operations. - [s.l.] : US Department of the Air Force, 2012. xviii, var. pag. : illustrations ; 30 cm. (Joint Publication ; 3-07.3) ID number: 80024943 Type: M Call Number: 341.2 /00522 'This publication provides joint doctrine for planning and executing peace operations.'

POWER RESOURCES World Energy Outlook : 2012. - Paris : OECD, 2012. 668 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm. ID number: 80024936 Type: M Call Number: 620 /00171 ISBN: 9789264180840 Bibliography: p. 655-668. 'This book presents authoritative projections of energy trends through 2035 and insights into what they mean for energy security, environmental sustainability and economic development. Oil, coal, natural gas, renewables and nuclear power are all covered, together with an update on climate change issues. Global energy demand, production, trade, investment and carbon-dioxide emissions are broken down by region or country, by fuel and by sector.'

RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELATIONS--EUROPE National Perspectives on Russia : European Foreign Policy in the Making ?. - Abingdon, UK : Routledge, 2013. xx, 276 pages ; 24 cm. (Routledge Advances in European Politics ; 94) ID number: 80024924 Type: M Call Number: 327 /01649 ISBN: 9780415538329 Includes index. 'This book presents a ground-breaking comparative study of the bilateral relations of all 27 EU member states with Russia and an assessment of their impact on the EU's efforts to conduct a coherent and effective policy towards its most important neighbour. While there has been a lot of research on European foreign policy, there has been much less on the role that national foreign policies play in it. Based on a common analytical framework, this book offers a detailed analysis of 'national perspectives on Russia' and how they interact with and affect policymaking at the EU-level. The authors provide deep insights

into the relationship between individual states and Russia looking at a range of policy areas : economics, trade, energy, security, culture and education. They are not only interested in examining policy failure but also probing the possibilities of seeing national foreign policies and the bilateralism with third parties that they often entail as a potentially positive resource for the European Union. As Russia is an example of a particularly hard case for EU foreign policy, this book yields important insights concerning the possibilities as well as limits of developing a common EU policy in the future.'

SYRIA--HISTORY--PROTESTS, 2011- Syria's Uprising and the Fracturing of the Levant / by Emile Hokayem. - Abingdon, UK : Routledge, 2013. 211 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. (Adelphi ; 438) ID number: 80024940 Type: M Call Number: 323 /01335 ISBN: 9780415717380 Author(s): 1. Hokayem, Emile 'As an upbeat and peaceful uprising quickly and brutally descended into a zero-sum civil war, Syria crumbled from a regional player into an arena in which a multitude of local and foreign actors compete. The volatile regional fault lines that run through Syria have ruptured during this conflict, and the course of events in this fragile yet strategically significant country will profoundly shape the future of the Levant. The author's first-hand experience and sober analysis provide up-to-date insight into the myriad opposition groups, the conflicting external interests and the murky calculations of the Assad regime. Tracking the seeds of dissent that laid the groundwork for rebellion, he looks at how Syria's largely apolitical society mobilised and at the unpredictable dynamics that have been unleashed as the protest movement has radicalised and militarised. in the face of such profound challenges to its four decades of authoritarian rule, the author also assesses the continued resilience of a regime that has escalated beyond the point of return.'

UNITED NATIONS--PEACEKEEPING FORCES--AFRICA Responding to Conflict in Africa : The United Nations and Regional Organizations. - 2nd edition. - Houndmills, UK : Palgrave MacMillan. vi, 340 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. ID number: 80024932 Type: M Call Number: 40 /00199 ISBN: 9781137272003 Includes index. 'Driven by religious and ethnic disputes and situated within a constantly evolving global security environment, the African continent has been the site of some of the international community's most devastating failures and important successes in conflict management. Taking as its point of departure the influential 2003 volume 'Dealing with Conflict in Africa', this new book offers a wide-ranging exploration of both systemic issues and local factors that the United Nations and regional organizations face in their efforts to address conflict in Africa. With an overview of the latest developments at the institutional level along with case studies ranging from Cote d'Ivoire to South Sudan, this is an essential survey of some of the most significant conflict zones active today.'

USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS Sharing Power ? : Prospects for a U.S. Concert-Balance Strategy / by Patrick Porter. - Carlisle, PA : US Army War College, 2013. viii, 82 pages ; 23 cm. ID number: 80024930 Type: M Call Number: 327 /01650 ISBN: 1584875666 Author(s): 1. Porter, Patrick, 1976- 'The subject of U.S. grand strategy has been getting increasing attention from the policy and academic communities. However, too often the debate suffers from being too reductionist, limiting America's choices to worldwide hegemony or narrow isolation. There is a wide spectrum of choices before Washington that lie 'somewhere in the middle'. Frequently, not enough thought is given to how such alternative strategies should be designed and implemented. The future cannot be known, and earlier predictions of American decline have proven to be premature. However, there is a shift in wealth and power to the extent that America may not be able to hold on to its position as an unrivaled unipolar superpower. Therefore, it is worth thinking about how the United States could shape and adjust to the changing landscape around it. What is more, there are a number of interlocking factors that mean such a shift would make sense : transnational problems needing collaborative efforts, the military advantages of defenders, the reluctance of states to engage in unbridled competition, and 'hegemony fatigue' among the American people. Alternative strategies that are smaller than global hegemony, but bigger than narrow isolationism, would be defined by the logic of 'concerts' and 'balancing', in other words, some mixture of collaboration and competition. Can the United States adjust to a concert-balance grand strategy that made space for other rising powers without sacrificing too much of its forward military presence, without unleashing too much regional instability, and without losing the domestic political will ? It is not certain that a cumulative shift to a new grand strategy would necessarily succeed, since other powers might turn down the chance to cooperate. But with soaring budget deficits and national debt, increasing burdens on social security, and possible agonizing choices in the future between guns and butter, it is surely worth a try.'

Journal Articles Articles de revues

AFGHAN WAR, 2001- Afghanistan : depasser le piege du defaitisme ? / by Mathieu Novotny., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 760, mai 2013, p. 89-92.) ID Number: JA029429 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Novotny, Mathieu A la veille du retrait des forces occidentales, l'actualite du dossier afghan reste marquee par de nombreux rapports evoquant l'ecroulement rapide de ce pays, le retour de la guerre civile et celui des taliban au pouvoir. Ces propos pessimistes occultent les efforts et resultats des forces de la coalition depuis plus de douze annees.

ARAB SPRING, 2010- The Role of the Military in the Arab Tumult., 2013. (JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES, vol. 36, no. 2, April 2013, Special Issue.) ID Number: JA029439 Type: ART This issue on the role of armed forces focuses on what explains the considerable variation in both how these uprisings played themselves out and their political outcomes. At least along three basic dimensions - duration, political intensity and the magnitude of violence - the variation between the six states covered in this issue - Egypt, Syria, Libya, Tunisia, Yemen and Bahrain - has been considerable even on a proportionate basis. The range of political outcomes within these six cases has been considerable, ranging from a more or less stable transition to democracy in Tunisia to the Syrian case where there is considerable fear that Syria will break up into sectarian mini-states.

Arab Uprisings, Armed Forces, and Civil-Military Relations / by Derek Lutterbeck., 2013. (ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY, vol. 39, no. 1, January 2013, p. 28-52.) ID Number: JA029417 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Lutterbeck, Derek Since late 2010, an unprecedented wave of protests demanding greater political freedoms, and in several countries even regime change, has swept across much of the Arab world. In Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya, long-standing autocrats have been toppled, and in other countries of the region seemingly well-established authoritarian regimes also appeared increasingly shaky in the face of growing opposition movements. The aim of this article is to examine the role of the armed forces in these popular uprisings. While military forces have been key

actors in these Arab uprisings, they have responded quite differently across the region to prodemocracy movements, ranging from openness to protest movements, to internal fracturing, to firm support for the regime in power. This article argues that these differences can be explained with reference to different forms of civil-military relations and different characteristics of the military apparatus. It claims in particular that the degree of institutionalization of the armed forces and their relationship to society at large can account for the divergent responses to pro-reform movements.

ARMS TRANSFERS--USA Rethink Plans to Loosen U.S. Controls on Arms Exports / by Brittany Benowitz, Barry Kellman., 2013. (ARMS CONTROL TODAY, vol. 43, no. 3, April 2013, p. 14-19.) ID Number: JA029426 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Benowitz, Brittany 2. Kellman, Barry In an effort to promote exports, Obama administration officials have proposed that the Department of Commerce assume responsibility for reviewing licenses to export certain military equipment and services now regulated by the Department of State. The goal of the initiative, as described by the State Department, is to take advantage of the flexibility inherent in the Commerce Department's system to ease the export of less-sensitive equipment.

ASEAN ASEAN and Human Rights Norms : Constructivism, Rational Choice, and the Action-Identity Gap / by Mathew Davies., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC, vol. 13, no. 2, 2013, p. 207-231.) ID Number: JA029405 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Davies, Mathew ASEAN's engagement with human rights is characterized by an action-identity gap; member states have created impressive regional commitments while continually violating rights domestically. This gap suggests that member states of ASEAN have used rights for political ends, the enhancement of ASEAN's legitimacy in the eyes of critics, not because they are understood as morally correct. The strategic use of norms indicates that existing recourse to constructivist accounts of norms in ASEAN, currently the dominant explanatory framework, is incorrect. This article argues that an alternative, rational choice, framework for appraising norms within ASEAN offers greater explanatory insight into how and why human rights emerged into ASEAN after 1997. This argument suggests a revised approach to understanding norm violation within ASEAN and through that a more accurate appraisal of the nature of contemporary ASEAN.

ASTRONAUTICS, MILITARY--USA Le recentrage politique du secteur spatial de defense aux Etats-Unis / by Xavier Pasco., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 760, mai 2013, p. 44-49.) ID Number: JA029436 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Pasco, Xavier C'est un retour de l'espace militaire dans les ambitions americaines sur la scene internationale que prevoit le second mandat du president Obama. Innovation politique, maitrise budgetaire, dissuasion spatiale et expansion economique prudente marquent desormais cette posture plus resolue des Etats-Unis.

CHINA--FOREIGN RELATIONS How New and Assertive Is China's New Assertiveness ? / by Alastair I. Johnston., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, vol. 37, no. 4, Spring 2013, p. 7-48.) ID Number: JA029401 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Johnston, Alastair I. There has been a rapidly spreading meme in US pundit and academic circles since 2010 that describes China's recent diplomacy as 'newly assertive'. This 'new assertiveness' meme suffers from two problems. First, it underestimates the complexity of key episodes in Chinese diplomacy in 2010 and overestimates the amount of change. Second, the explanations for the new assertiveness claim suffer from unclear causal mechanisms and lack comparative rigor that would better contextualize China's diplomacy in 2010. An examination of seven cases in Chinese diplomacy at the heart of the new assertiveness meme finds that, in some instances, China's policy has not changed; in others, it is actually more moderate; and in still others, it is a predictable reaction to changed external conditions. In only one case - maritime disputes - does one see more assertive Chinese rhetoric and behavior. The speed and extent with which the newly assertive meme has emerged point to an understudied issue in international relations - namely, the role that online media and the blogosphere play in the creation of conventional wisdoms that might, in turn, constrain policy debates. The assertive China discourse may be a harbinger of this effect as a Sino-U.S. security dilemma emerges.

CHINA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--USA First Things First : The Pressing Danger of Crisis Instability in U.S.-China Relations / by Avery Goldstein., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, vol. 37, no. 4, Spring 2013, p. 49-89.) ID Number: JA029402 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Goldstein, Avery Since the mid-1990s, much has been written about the potentially disruptive impact of China if it emerges as a peer competitor challenging the United States. Not enough attention has been paid, however, to a more immediate danger - that the United States and a weaker China will find themselves locked in a crisis that could escalate to open military conflict. The long-term prospect for a new great power rivalry ultimately rests on uncertain forecasts about big shifts in national capabilities and debatable claims about the motivations of the two countries. By contrast, the danger of crisis instability involving these two nuclear-armed states is a tangible near-term concern. An analysis that examines the current state of US-China relations and compares it with key aspects of US-Soviet relations during the Cold War indicates that a serious Sino-American crisis may be more likely and more dangerous than expected. The

capabilities each side possesses, and specific features of the most likely scenarios for US-China crises, suggest reasons to worry that escalation pressures will exist and that they will be highest early in a crisis, compressing the time frame for diplomacy to avert military conflict.

CLIMATIC CHANGES--AFRICA Climate Change and Insecurity : Mapping Vulnerability in Africa., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, vol. 37, no. 4, Spring 2013, p. 132-172.) ID Number: JA029404 Type: ART Many experts argue that climate change will exacerbate the severity and number of extreme weather events. Such climate-related hazards will be important security concerns and sources of vulnerability in the future regardless of whether they contribute to conflict. This will be particularly true where these hazards put large numbers of people at risk of death, requiring the diversion of either domestic or foreign military assets to provide humanitarian relief. Vulnerability to extreme weather, however, is only partially a function of physical exposure. Poor, marginalized communities that lack access to infrastructure and services, that have minimal education and poor health care, and that exist in countries with poor governance are likely to be among the most vulnerable. Given its dependence on rainfed agriculture and its low adaptive capacity, Africa is thought to be among the most vulnerable continents to climate change. That vulnerability, however, is not uniformly distributed. Indicators of vulnerability within Africa include the historic incidence of climate-related hazards, population density, household and community resilience, and governance and political violence. Among the places in Africa most vulnerable to the security consequences of climate change are parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Somalia, and South Sudan.

CONTRACTING OUT--USA Ambivalence on the Front Lines : Perceptions of Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan / by Ryan Kelty, Alex Bierman., 2013. (ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY, vol. 39, no. 1, January 2013, p. 5-27.) ID Number: JA029416 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Kelty, Ryan 2. Bierman, Alex In the past several decades, the US military has increasingly relied on civilian contractors to provide a variety of core functions. Lagging behind this increased reliance on contractors is an understanding of how the presence of contractors influences civilian and military personnel. This research addresses this question using a unique study of US Department of Army civilians and military personnel serving in Iraq and Afghanistan. The authors find a substantial degree of ambivalance among both groups regarding the impact of contractors on the military and comparisons with contractors, but they also find a noticeable trend of comparative discontent beneath this apparent ambivalence. Results are discussed in the context of using ambivalance as a starting point for building a theoretical approach to more systematically understanding the role and effects of contractor integration in the military.

DEMOCRATIZATION Forced to Be Free ? Why Foreign-Imposed Regime Change Rarely Leads to Democratization / by Alexander B. Downes, Jonathan Monten., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, vol. 37, no. 4, Spring 2013, p. 90-131.) ID Number: JA029403 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Downes, Alexander B. 2. Monten, Jonathan Is military intervention effective in spreading democracy ? Existing studies disagree. Optimists point to successful cases, such as the transformation of West Germany and Japan into consolidated democracies after World War II. Pessimists view these successes as outliers from a broader pattern of failure typified by cases such as Iraq and Afghanistan. Those in between agree that, in general, democratic military intervention has little liberalizing effect in target states, but contend that democracies can induce democratization when they explicitly pursue this objective and invest substantial effort and resources. Existing studies, however, often employ overly broad definitions of intervention, fail to grapple with possible selection effects in countries where democracies choose to intervene, and stress interveners' actions while neglecting conditions in targets. A statistical examination of seventy instances of foreign-imposed regime change (FIRC) in the twentieth century shows that implementing pro-democratic institutional reforms, such as sponsoring elections, is not enough to induce democratization; interveners will meet with little success unless conditions in the target state - in the form of high levels of economic development and societal homogeneity, and previous experience with representative governance - are favorable to democracy. Given that prospective regime change operations are likely to target regimes in poor, diverse countries, policymakers should scale back their expectations that democracy will flourish after FIRC.

DEMOCRATIZATION--SLOVAKIA The International Dimensions of Democratization in Slovakia and Croatia / by Jana Grittersova., 2013. (SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN AND BLACK SEA STUDIES, vol. 13, no. 1, March 2013, p. 1-24.) ID Number: JA029419 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Grittersova, Jana International influences were instrumental in the shaping of democratic outcomes in post-communist countries. The cases of Slovakia and Croatia demonstrate that international actors can play a transformative role during crucial moments in a country's trajectory (or 'critical junctures') by de-legitimizing support for the authoritarian alternatives, shaping choices and resources available to elites, and building consensus on the democratic course at the elite and societal levels. Slovak and Croatian politics show the impact of external factors on the September 1998 and January 2000 parliamentary elections, respectively, that ended the legacy of a previous critical juncture and began a new path-dependent process.

DRONE AIRCRAFT--FRANCE Les armees francaises doivent-elles se doter de drones armes ? / by Eric Juillot., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 760, mai 2013, p. 114-118.) ID Number: JA029432 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Juillot, Eric Dans ce plaidoyer pour refuser l'utilisation par les armees francaises de drones armes, on analyse la place de l'ethique dans l'exposition aux risques du combat. Elle differencie les armees americaines dont l'approche de l'ennemi s'enracine dans la culture essentialiste americaine et les armees francaises dont le code du soldat de l'Armee de terre exprime bien la necessaire relation morale qui lie risque et honneur.

ENERGY POLICY--EGYPT Egypt's Energy Outlook : Opportunities and Challenges / by Gawdat Bahgat., 2013. (MEDITERRANEAN QUARTERLY, vol. 24, no. 1, Winter 2013, p. 12-37.) ID Number: JA029412 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Bahgat, Gawdat

EU--GREAT BRITAIN Cameron et l'Europe / by Sonia Delesalle-Stolper., 2013. (POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE, no. 139, printemps 2013, p. 161-175.) ID Number: JA029421 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Delesalle-Stolper, Sonia What's got into David Cameron ? Why did he announce on January 23, 2013 that he would hold a referendum in 2017 on the United Kingdom staying in the European Union ? Cameron's pledge is perceived as a dangerous one, even among conservatives, and could push the country further to the sidelines of the EU. The truth is that it was guided entirely by domestic concerns. Cameron has chosen to pander to the wishes of the hard-lines Tories after being spooked by the rise in the polls of the small Euroskeptic party, the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), which could cost him the 2015 election. But he's forgotten that Europe is not the main concern of the British people. They will judge their governments on the economy. And they are are still waiting to see any results ...

HUMAN SECURITY The Place of Human Security in Collective Security / by Hitoshi Nasu., 2013. (JOURNAL OF CONFLICT AND SECURITY LAW, vol. 18, no. 1, Spring 2013, p. 95-129.) ID Number: JA029408 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Nasu, Hitoshi Human security is a human- or people-centred and multi-sectoral approach to security, emphasizing the empowerment of people to enhance their potential through concerted efforts to develop norms, processes and institutions that systematically address insecurities. Since the UN Development Programme introduced the concept of human security into the policy discourse in 1994, the UN Security Council has indicated its readiness to embrace human security when it refers to, for example, the impact of HIV/AIDS on peace and security in Africa, food

security, climate change, children in armed conflict, women and peace and security, and the protection of civilians more generally. Human security has also provided a theoretical foundation for the development of the responsibility to protect concept as a policy agenda, which was officially endorsed in the 2005 World Summit Outcome. However, these developments often involved heated debates over the Security Council's mandate and competence under the UN collective security system and to what extent jurisdictional, normative and operational challenges to the Security Council have been addressed in dealing with human security issues within its legal framework.

INFORMATION WARFARE Cyberwar and Ethics., 2013. (JOURNAL OF MILITARY ETHICS, vol. 12, no. 1, April 2013, Special Issue.) ID Number: JA029418 Type: ART

INTERNAL SECURITY--AFGHANISTAN 'Green on Blue' : Insider Attacks in Afghanistan / by Austin Long., 2013. (SURVIVAL, vol. 55, no. 3, June - July 2013, p. 167-182.) ID Number: JA029448 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Long, Austin While most counter-insurgency campaigns include a characteristic pattern of violence by members of security forces against both their fellows and their allies, the Afghan case appears to be unique.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Negotiating the Rise of New Powers., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, vol. 89, no. 3, May 2013, Special Issue.) ID Number: JA029442 Type: ART

INTERVENTION (INTERNATIONAL LAW)--FRANCE Islamistes : la deroute / by Eric Denece., 2013. (POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE, no. 139, printemps 2013, p. 81-95.) ID Number: JA029424 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Denece, Eric Terrorist groups active in the Sahel region have been routed by French forces in recent months. Hundreds of radical fighters and several key leaders have been eliminated and almost all of Mali has been taken back. This is attributed to the excellent preparation and execution of Operation Serval and the support offered to France by all border states, combined with the weak local powerbase of the Islamists and the internal divisions within the various radical groups, as spectacularly illustrated by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), which switched sides. This secular Tuareg organization, initially allied to the hard-line Salafi group Ansar Dine, itself linked to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), was ousted by its partners and ended up fighting against them, alongside French forces. A note of caution, however. Although it has been considerably weakened, the jihadist threat has not been eradicated completely.

France in Africa : A New Chapter ? / by Stephen W. Smith., 2013. (CURRENT HISTORY, vol. 112, no. 754, May 2013, p. 163-168.) ID Number: JA029428 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Smith, Stephen W. Paris's deep postcolonial connections with francophone sub-Saharan Africa, cultivated over decades by political elites and business interests on both sides, has lately been left for dead. Yet, as its current intervention in Mali shows, France still has stakes in the region.

KOREA (NORTH)--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT North Korea : Is Regime Change the Answer ? / by Mark Fitzpatrick., 2013. (SURVIVAL, vol. 55, no. 3, June - July 2013, p. 7-20.) ID Number: JA029443 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Fitzpatrick, Mark The goal is not regime change per se : a replacement might not be any less onerous than the Kims. The preferable solution is unification in a way that brings despotism on the peninsula to an end.

North Korea : Preparing for the End / by David C. Gompert., 2013. (SURVIVAL, vol. 55, no. 3, June - July 2013, p. 21-45.) ID Number: JA029444 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Gompert, David C. After examining the troubled conditions and troubling conduct of the North Korean state, this essay describes missions US military forces could be asked to perform if those conditions and that conduct go from bad to worse, or worst. It then explains what capabilities could be needed to perform such missions, taking into account both South Korean and Chinese capabilities and possible moves. The essay concludes by suggesting steps the United States should take to be well prepared. The most important of these are to maintain adequate ground forces in the US military and to draw China into planning for crises in Korea. The first of these is within US control, of course, though it calls into question conventional wisdom that US naval and air forces would largely suffice for East Asian military contingencies. The second step would introduce a major new American 'ask' in Sino-American relations, with not assurance of a positive Chinese response.

LIBYA--HISTORY--CIVIL WAR, 2011- The Illegality of Military Support to Rebels in the Libyan War : Aspects of jus contra bellum and jus in bello / by Olivier Corten, Vaios Koutroulis., 2013. (JOURNAL OF CONFLICT AND SECURITY LAW, vol. 18, no. 1, Spring 2013, p. 59-93.) ID Number: JA029407 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Corten, Olivier 2. Koutroulis, Vaios One of the most prominent aspects of the 2011 conflict in Libya was the overt support, both military and non-military, offered to the Libyan anti-Gaddafi rebels by the States that intervened in the conflict. The present article evaluates the conformity of this support with the rules of jus contra bellum and jus in bello. From a jus contra bellum perspective, support of the Libyan rebels exceeds the necessary measures' that the intervening States were allowed to take

in order to protect the civilian population in the Libyan conflict according to Security Council resolution 1973 (2011). From a jus in bello perspective, instead of identifying possible violations of international humanitarian law during military operations on a case-by-case basis, the article takes a step back and analyses the legality of the support of the rebels as such. In view of the violations of humanitarian rules reportedly committed by the rebels, the continuous support of the rebels constitutes, on behalf of the supporting States, a violation of the customary obligation to ensure respect for international humanitarian law.

MALI--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT Scenarios pour l'apres-crise / by Sabine Cessou., 2013. (POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE, no. 139, printemps 2013, p. 51-64.) ID Number: JA029423 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Cessou, Sabine What will Mali do once the French soldiers pack up and hand over to a UN peacekeeping mission, charged with maintaining security until local forces are ready to take up the torch ? What will the post-crisis country look like ? One thing is sure : it will face a host of challenges. The jihadists of Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb were decisively routed earlier this year, but they will not be quiet for long, and the utmost vigilance is needed. In the long-neglected north of the country, separatist aspirations have not disappeared either : a solution is needed to the age-old issue of the Tuareg. Implementing a national reconciliation process, after a year sullied by the stench of civil war, will be another major headache. Nor will Mali remain peaceful while corruption and drug smuggling continue to take their terrible toll ... The future President, to be appointed in the next few months, will have his work cut out for him !

MILITARY BASES, AMERICAN--MEDITERRANEAN REGION La projection des forces armees americaines depuis la Mediterranee orientale / by Fotini Katy Mirante-Psaltakis., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 760, mai 2013, p. 57-61.) ID Number: JA029437 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Mirante-Psaltakis, Fotini Katy En examinant le deploiement des forces americaines en Mediterranee orientale, l'auteur montre la place qu'y tient la projection de la puissance americaine dans l'espace regional de l'Asie occidentale et centrale.

NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT--USA Missile Mayhem and Antimissile Angst : From Reset to Retro in U.S.-Russian Security Relations / by Stephen J. Cimbala., 2013. (COMPARATIVE STRATEGY, vol. 32, no. 2, April - June 2013, p. 133-145.) ID Number: JA029415 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Cimbala, Stephen J. The political context for nuclear arms reductions, as between the United States and Russia, seemed to stall in 2012 and appeared uncertain as to possible progress during the second term of US President Barack Obama and the third term of Russian President Vladimir Putin. The prospect of a successor agreement to New START that would reduce the numbers of US- and Russian-deployed strategic nuclear weapons to even lower levels was further clouded by Russian objections to US and NATO plans to deploy missile defenses in Europe. The present study considers the political and military aspects of some prospective Obama approaches to post-New START nuclear arms reductions and performs pertinent analysis to consider the relationship between offensive nuclear arms reductions and missile defenses going forward.

NUCLEAR DETERRENCE What Does It Take to Deter ? Regional Power Nuclear Postures and International Conflict / by Vipin Narang., 2013. (JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION, vol. 57, no. 3, June 2013, p. 478-508.) ID Number: JA029441 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Narang, Vipin Existing nuclear deterrence scholarship evinces a pervasive 'existential bias', assuming that once a state merely possesses nuclear weapons, it should be able to deter armed conflict. The empirical literature expresses this bias by simply dichotomously coding a state based on whether it has nuclear weapons, thereby treating all nuclear states as equivalent. Thus, whether nuclear weapons deter conflict, and how much is required to do so, is unclear. This article shifts the unit of analysis away from nuclear weapons to postures, hypothesizing that different nuclear postures are distinct and generate differential deterrent power, particularly amongst the non-superpower states which comprise the lion's share of nuclear powers. The author finds that an asymmetric escalation nuclear posture uniquely deters conflict initiation and escalation. Not only do small arsenals have little deterrence success, but he finds that even assured retaliation postures fail to deter intense conventional conflict. This suggests that the deterrence dividend is distributed unequally across nuclear powers, and that states may need to do more than simply acquire nuclear weapons to successfully deter conventional attacks.

Deterrence in an Increasingly Nuclear World / by Hans Ruhle., 2013. (COMPARATIVE STRATEGY, vol. 32, no. 2, April - June 2013, p. 93-97.) ID Number: JA029413 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Ruhle, Hans This article argues that government leaders need to bid farewell to the assumption that the rationality of all nuclear states can be assured for all times, that nuclear deterrence can never fail, and that we are somehow 'nuclear immortal'. It is a fundamental fact of the multinuclear world of the twenty-first century that deterrence built on the threat of a nuclear second strike will not work against 'irrational' aggressors.

NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS--SAFETY MEASURES--CHINA After Fukushima : China's Nuclear Safety / by Liu Chong., 2013. (SURVIVAL, vol. 55, no. 3, June - July 2013, p. 115-127.) ID Number: JA029446 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Chong, Liu The accident's impact on global expansion of nuclear power may be modest. China is among those who will continue to build and operate plants, and should be a leader in finding ways to do so safely and securely.

NUCLEAR TERRORISM--PAKISTAN Pakistan and Nuclear Terrorism : How Real Is the Threat ? / by Michael Clarke., 2013. (COMPARATIVE STRATEGY, vol. 32, no. 2, April - June 2013, p. 98-114.) ID Number: JA029414 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Clarke, Michael Pakistan's nuclear weapons program and proliferation record have often been identified as a threat to regional and international security. Over the last decade, however, the focus of international concern has shifted to questions surrounding the safety and security of Pakistan's military and civilian nuclear complex. As Pakistan's domestic political situation has deteriorated, fears have grown that its nuclear weapons, technologies, and materials may fall into the hands of extremist nonstate actors, such as the Taliban or al Qaeda, imperiling international security. This article presents three major arguments in this respect : significant opportunities exist at each level of Pakistan's nuclear complex for the theft or diversion of nuclear weapons/materials by nonstate actors; a major concern is Pakistan's expansion in its production of high-enriched uranium and plutonium; and the threat to Pakistan's nuclear weapons/materials is significant but has been overstated.

ORGANIZED CRIME Crime-War Battlefields / by Vanda Felbab-Brown., 2013. (SURVIVAL, vol. 55, no. 3, June - July 2013, p. 147-165.) ID Number: JA029447 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Felbab-Brown, Vanda Military conflict increasingly involves political violence, organised crime and illicit economies, while law enforcement often resembles warfare.

ORGANIZED CRIME--AFRICA, WEST Criminalite organisee et securite collective en Afrique de l'Ouest / by Adama Gueye., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 760, mai 2013, p. 107-113.) ID Number: JA029431 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Gueye, Adama Le developpement de la criminalite transnationale organisee en Afrique de l'Ouest a aggrave l'instabilite de la sous-region alors qu'au plan operationnel, l'architecture securitaire de la Cedeao ne sait pas prendre en compte ce type de menaces proteiformes. L'auteur expose un concept fonde sur une approche 'policiere' permettant la detection precoce, des investigations collectives et un appui international efficace pour y faire face.

ROBOTICS--MILITARY APPLICATIONS The Challenge of Autonomous Lethal Robotics to International Humanitarian Law / by Chantal Grut., 2013. (JOURNAL OF CONFLICT AND SECURITY LAW, vol. 18, no. 1, Spring 2013, p. 5-23.) ID Number: JA029406 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Grut, Chantal The concept of a truly autonomous weapons system - a system which is capable of operating itself, independently from human oversight - sounds more like science fiction than science fact. However, the reality is that weapons development is increasingly moving in this direction. Despite reassurances that humans will always be 'in the loop', significant amounts of autonomy have been given to certain weapons systems already. Such weapons present unique regulatory problems, arising not so much from their nature as weapons, but from their replacement of the human role in war and killing. This article considers the implications of increasing weapon autonomy for the humanitarian law principles of distinction and proportionality, and the concept of accountability for breaches of international humanitarian law.

RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELALTIONS--ASIA Russia, China and New Security Architecture in Asia-Pacific / by Vladimir Petrovsky., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (Minneapolis), vol. 59, no. 2, 2013, p. 42-53.) ID Number: JA029438 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Petrovsky, Vladimir

RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--NAVY Flotte russe de la mer Noire : vers une 'flotte forteresse' / by Igor Delanoe., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 760, mai 2013, p. 99-106.) ID Number: JA029430 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Delanoe, Igor En recapitulant l'ensemble des projets russes de construction navale qui visent a renover la flotte de la mer Noire, l'auteur expose le role que celle-ci est appelee a jouer dans la prochaine decennie, que ce soit a l'egard du Caucase ou des detachements en Mediterranee.

SYRIA--HISTORY--PROTESTS, 2011- Tangled Web : The Syrian Civil War and Its Implications / by Ted Galen Carpenter., 2013. (MEDITERRANEAN QUARTERLY, vol. 24, no. 1, Winter 2013, p. 1-11.) ID Number: JA029411 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Carpenter, Ted Galen

TERRORISTS Know Your Enemy : On the Futility of Distinguishing Between Terrorists and Insurgents / by James Khalil., 2013. (STUDIES IN CONFLICT AND TERRORISM, vol. 36, no. 5, May 2013, p. 419-430.) ID Number: JA029420 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Khalil, James Academics and military analysts regularly attempt to distinguish terrorists from insurgents through focusing on the extent to which these adversaries (a) adopt nonviolent methods, (b) apply uncompromising forms of violence, (c) generate local support, (d) recruit and maintain manpower, and (e) control territory. In contrast, this article argues that attempts to distinguish between these adversaries inevitably fail, firstly, as they arbitrarily impose binary distinctions upon continuous variables (e.g. in levels of support, manpower figures), and secondly as there is a lack of agreement across these supposedly identifying characteristics. Thus, contrary to common wisdom, it is concluded that there is no contradiction in simultaneously labeling groups such as the Taliban and Al Qaeda as both terrorists and insurgents. Indeed, a complete understanding of these groups requires an assessment of their activities at both the tactical (as terrorists) and strategic (as insurgents) levels.

TREATY ON CONVENTIONAL ARMED FORCES IN EUROPE (1990) Suspension of Certain Obligations of the CFE Treaty by NATO Allies : Examination of the Response to the 2007 Unilateral Treaty Suspension by Russia / by Mika Hayashi., 2013. (JOURNAL OF CONFLICT AND SECURITY LAW, vol. 18, no. 1, Spring 2013, p. 131-150.) ID Number: JA029409 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Hayashi, Mika In 2007, Russia suspended a number of its obligations under the CFE Treaty. After a series of negotiations to persuade Russia to revert to compliance, to no avail, the USA and certain other States Parties to the CFE Treaty equally suspended a number of their treaty obligations in 2011. The CFE Treaty itself has a provision neither on suspensions nor on reactions to suspensions or violations. In contrast, general international law offers two possible reactions to treaty violations; suspension as a response to a material breach of a multilateral treaty under the law of treaties; countermeasure a a response to any violation under the law of State responsibility. Against this theoretical backdrop, the reaction by the NATO allies to the Russian suspension of the CFE Treaty is examined. The theoretical framework is beneficial in illustrating the contrasting consequences : the negative restoration of balance as a consequence of a treaty suspension, and the positive restoration of the treaty relationship as the intended consequence of a countermeasure. The article purports to show the benefit of grasping the present case as a countermeasure. It also argues that the chosen reaction by the NATO allies is an exemplary countermeasure, in that they have selected bilateralisable obligations that only affect their relationship with Russia; it leaves the treaty relationship among the rest of the States Parties to the CFE Treaty intact. The article then discusses the limitation of the chosen theoretical framework, namely, the artificial differentiation between a countermeasure and a treaty suspension.

UNITED NATIONS--PEACEKEEPING FORCES UN Peace Operations and Protection of Civilians : Cheap Talk or Norm Implementation ? / by Lisa Hultman., 2013. (JOURNAL OF PEACE RESEARCH, vol. 50, no. 1, January 2013, p. 59-73.) ID Number: JA029410 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Hultman, Lisa Protection of civilians is now at the forefront of the responsibilities of the international community. There is a strong international norm that civilian populations should be protected from violence. But how committed is the United Nations to acting in line with this norm ? The author argues that the UN Security Council (UNSC) has an interest in demonstrating that it takes violence against civilians seriously. Through a broadened security agenda including human security, the legitimacy and the credibility of the UNSC hinges on its ability to act as a guarantor of civilian protection. As a consequence, the UN is more likely to deploy peace operations in conflicts where the warring parties target the civilian population. The argument is supported by a statistical examination of all internal armed conflicts in 1989-2006. The results show that the likelihood of a UN peace operation is higher in conflicts with high levels of violence against civilians, but this effect is mainly visible after 1999. This year marked a shift in the global security agenda and it was also when the UNSC first issued an explicit mandate to protect civilians. Conflicts with high levels of violence against civilians are also more likely to get operations with robust mandates. This suggests that the UNSC is not just paying lip service to the

protection norm, but that it actually acts to implement it.

UNITED NATIONS--PEACEKEEPING FORCES--AFRICA Managing Mistrust : An Analysis of Cooperation with UN Peacekeeping in Africa / by Andrea Ruggeri... [et al.]., 2013. (JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION, vol. 57, no. 3, June 2013, p. 387-409.) ID Number: JA029440 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Ruggeri, Andrea 2. Gizellis, Theodora-Ismene 3. Dorussen, Han How many peacekeepers are needed to keep the peace ? Under what conditions are local governments and rebel forces more willing to cooperate with an intervention force ? From a theoretical perspective in which the main role of peacekeepers is to assist local actors in overcoming their commitment problems and mistrust toward each other, it follows that sufficiently robust missions should positively affect levels of cooperation. Furthermore, any effect should be conditional on the local balance of power, that is, the military leverage between government and rebel forces. Relatively weak rebel groups - facing a stronger government - should be more willing to cooperate with larger missions. In this empirical analysis, using newly collected event data on United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations from 1989 to 2005 in African civil wars, the authors find support for conditional effect of robust peacekeeping : there is more cooperation with UN peacekeepers when the rebels are weak.

USA--ARMED FORCES--DEFENSE SPENDING La defense americaine se reinvente dans l'incertitude budgetaire / by Bruno Caitucoli., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 760, mai 2013, p. 23-30.) ID Number: JA029433 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Caitucoli, Bruno La situation budgetaire paradoxale dans laquelle se trouve le Pentagone ne permet pas aux Etats-Unis de prendre correctement le virage qu'impose une strategie qui redeploie vers la zone Asie-Pacifique la protection des interets de securite americains. Si des reformes sont engagees, la periode de la contre-insurrection close, le reequilibrage regional en cours, c'est surtout le strict encadrement par le Congres de la depense de defense qui dicte le quotidien des forces armees americaines.

USA--ARMY Le concept de base de l'Armee de terre americaine / by Hugo Hanne., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 760, mai 2013, p. 36-43.) ID Number: JA029435 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Hanne, Hugo L'analyse d'un recent document de base qui redefinit les fondamentaux de l'Armee de terre americaine revele des tendances qui pourraient etre generalisees : adaptabilite, rapidite de deploiement, reduction de format permise par les apports technologiques, integration interarmees, souci de protection du territoire national, soin particulier apporte a la formation des soldats et de leurs chefs.

USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS L'autre Obama / by Guy Milliere., 2013. (POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE, no. 139, printemps 2013, p. 241-257.) ID Number: JA029422 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Milliere, Guy It has not always been apparent but since Barack Obama came to power there has been a paradigm shift in the foreign policy of the United States. Immersed in left-wing ideology with a tendency toward Third-Worldism and pacifism since he was young, Obama has remained true to his beliefs. During his first term, Obama quietly masterminded a policy shift. He held out a hand to Iran, developed closer ties with the Muslim world and the Palestinians and showed complacency toward China. He also supported nuclear disarmament, withdrew troops from Iraq and Afghanistan and gave too much backing to the Arab uprisings during the Arab Spring events. In this light, what can we possibly expect from Obama's second term ? It will most likely veer further in the direction of the first four years, with a weakening of the United States military, the Sunnites turning to radical Islam under Washington's benevolent eye, Iran's nuclear armament and increasing pressure on the Israeli government to make concessions without receiving anything tangible in return.

USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--ASIA The Pentagon and the Pivot / by Kai Liao., 2013. (SURVIVAL, vol. 55, no. 3, June - July 2013, p. 95-114.) ID Number: JA029445 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Liao, Kai Chinese officials and analysts regard the US pivot towards the Asia-Pacific as a strategy to contain China, despite Washington's claim that it does not focus on a particular country. Instead of accepting either Chinese scepticism or US official statements at face value, this article attempts to trace the origins and examine the evolution of the pivot through the lens of the Pentagon's internal think tank, the Office of Net Assessment (ONA). Drawing on documents produced and sponsored by the office, this article explores trends in its analysis of Asian security and Sino-American relations, the rationale for the pivot and China's role in the United States' Asia-Pacific strategy.

USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--CHINA La strategie de reequilibrage des Etats-Unis vers l'Asie-Pacifique et la Chine / by Yves Boyer., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 760, mai 2013, p. 31-35.) ID Number: JA029434 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Boyer, Yves La politique americaine de reequilibrage vers l'Asie va s'accentuer lors du second mandat d'Obama mais elle restera conditionnee par des parametres dont les cles principales se trouvent en Chine. C'est dans la region Asie-Pacifique que la croissance economique, l'innovation et les perspectives d'augmentation du commerce international sont les plus fortes et les Etats-Unis entendent y defendre au mieux leurs interets.

WMD NONPROLIFERATION The Global Partnership on WMD : A Work in Progress / by Alan Heyes., 2013. (ARMS CONTROL TODAY, vol. 43, no. 3, April 2013, p. 8-13.) ID Number: JA029427 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Heyes, Alan The Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction has recorded an impressive array of achievements since its inception at the 2002 summit of the Group of Eight (G-8) industrialized countries. In 2011, in Deauville, France, G-8 leaders agreed to extend the mandate of the Global Partnership for an indeterminate time but with a specific focus on reducing the global threat from nuclear, biological, chemical, and radiological weapons materials and expertise.