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50º 40º 30º 20º 10º 0º 10º 20º 30º 40º 50º ANTARCTICA Reunion Island Porto Alegre # 50º AND THE SOUTHERN OCEAN Produced by the Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Heritage, 60º © Commonwealth of Australia, June 2000 Bouvet Island (Norway) # Marion Island URUGUAY Prince Edward Islands (S Africa) 60º # Montevideo Buenos Aires # S South 60º OU # Sandwich T # South Georgia H Bird Island (UK) (UK) Islands ER (UK) N Alfred Faure# O Crozet Islands (France) C E A le N c Circ arcti 70º Ant HAAK Signy (UK) ON VII SEA 70º # Orcadas (Arg) Falkland #Santiago South Orkney Islands (UK) Neumayer (Germany)# Maitri (India) AR Islands #Novolazarevskaya (Russia) C GE #SANAE IV H NT ILE IN (S Africa) A A Syowa (Japan) See N # T Kerguelen Island Inset A DRONNING MAUD (France) R M ( # C LAND NAPIER 1 a Port aux Français 0 x # T i Ushuaia MTNS m L IC # ENDERBY y AR Halley (UK) e u Punta Arenas # S P a m E LAND r N E COATS I L SEA a e C N DE v x Heard Island and E D t 80º I E LAND e e S N r McDonald Islands (Australia) H W a n 80º E S KEMP LAND #Mawson (Australia) t L # g F U Belgrano II (Argentina) Dome Fuji # e o L f 1 S A 9 (Japan) MAC.ROBERTSON e # 8 P ES MTNS 7 a Rothera (UK) AL CHARL ME CE - I R N Cape Darnley 9 c Berkner I I LAND 8 e L R ) A P N RONNE ICE AMERY ICE SHELF D SHELF Prydz Bay # Progress (Russia) #Davis (Australia) Zhongshan (PRC) VESTFOLD HILLS PRINCESS WEST BELLINGSHAUSEN ICE SEA ELIZABETH SHELF T 40º 50º 60º 70º R LAND 60º 50º 40º A N # Gaussberg 90º 90º Peter I Øy S Amundsen-Scott (USA) ELLSWORTH LAND AN WILHEM II LAND T Mirny # DAVIS AR CT QUEEN MARY (Russia) SEA IC LAND M Vostok (Russia)# SHACKLETON ANTARCTIC PENINSULA STATIONS O ICE SHELF U BUNGER HILLS AMUNDSEN N T 5 1 SEA MARIE A ## 6 I 2 ## 9 # N # S 3,8,13,17 10 7# #11 S BYRD # 4 ROSS V # O I WILKES Casey (Australia) LAND EDWARD C Dome Law Dome # VII ICE SHELF T U O Charlie t n LAND R 100º GETZ o T I r A ICE SHELF F LAND H r L McMurdo (USA)# L 100º A a RS A TERRE l E E Scott Base (New Zealand) N o Polar Stereographic Projection N P IC RO D ADELIE R S c # E S i S SE t Scale : 1:35,000,000 at 71°S 12 H A c # E N GEORGE V r 16 L Terra Nova (Italy) # a F OATES t # LAND n Winter station O LAND A (not necessarily occupied every winter) C Dumont d'Urville (France) E A n # A ta # rc # N tic #South Magnetic Pole (Jan 2000) 64.52ºS 138.43ºE C INSET 14 15 irc Inset scale 1:17,500,000 le 70º DUMONT D'URVILLE A n SEA 110º ta 1 Arctowski (Poland) 10 King Sejong (Rep of Korea) rc t ic Balleny 2 Artigas (Uruguay) 11 Marambio (Argentina) P o Islands 110º la r 3 Bellingshausen (Russia) 12 Palmer (USA) F Maximu r m ex 4 Capitan Arturo Prat (Chile) 13 Presidente Eduardo Frei (Chile) o (10 tent of S n y ear ave ea Ice t ra ge 1987 Perth 5 Commandante Ferraz (Brazil) 14 Rothera (UK) -98) Albany # # 6 Esperanza (Argentina) 15 San Martin (Argentina) 7 General Bernado O'Higgins (Chile) 16 Vernadsky (Ukraine) 8 Great Wall (PRC) 17 Escudero (Chile) 60º 9 Jubany (Argentina) 120º # Macquarie Island (Aus) AUSTRALIA 120º 130º 140º 150º 160º 170º 180º 170º 160º 150º 140º 130º.

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Wastewater Treatment in Antarctica
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Percentage of seasonal population at the research station 25% 75% N o r w a y C Population in summer l a A categorization of the most recent i m Population in winter research projects in Antarctica Goals of research projects (based on describtion of NSF U.S. Antarctic Program) Projects that are trying to understand the region and its ecosystem Orcadas Station (Argentina) Projects that using the region as a platform to study the upper space i m Signy Station (UK) a and atomosphere l lf Fimbul Ice She Projects that are uncovering the regions’ BASIS OF THE CATEGORIZATION C La SANAE IV Station P r zar effect and repsonse to global processes i n ev a (South Africa) c e Ice such as climate This map categorizes the most recent research projects into three s s Sh n A s t elf i King Sejong Station r i d t (South Korea) Troll Station groups based on the goals of the projects. The three categories tha Syowa Station n Mar (Norway) Pr incess inc (Japan) e Pr ess 14 projects are: projects that are developed to understand the Antarctic g Rag nhi r d e ld Molodezhnaya n c a I Isl Station (Russia) 2 projects A lle n region and its ecosystems, projects that use the region as a oinvi e DRONNING MAUD J s R 3 projects r i a is n L er_Larse G Marambio Station - er R s platform to study the upper atmosphere and space, and (Argentina) ii A R H ENDERBY projects that are uncovering Antarctica’s effects on (and A d Number of research projects M n Mizuho Station sla Halley Station er I i Research stations L ss (Norway) p mes Ro (UK) Na responses to) global processes such as climate.
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ANTARCTIC REGION 30 30 0 Port Elizabeth SOUTH 30 Year-round research station AFRICA Scale 1:68,000,000 S o u t h A t l a n t i c Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection 0 500 1000 Kilometers O c e a n 40 Anta rctic 0 500 1000 Miles Co nve Twenty-one of 28 Antarctic consultative countries have rge nc made no claims to Antarctic territory (although Russia and e the United States have reserved the right to do so) and they do not recognize the claims of the other countries. Bouvet Island (NORWAY) PRINCE EDWARD ISLANDS 50 (SOUTH AFRICA) South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands BRITISH (administered by U.K., CLAIM claimed by ARGENTINA) ÎLES Southern CROZET Ocean NORWEGIAN CLAIM ARGENTINE undefined limit 60 Falkland Islands CLAIM 60 (Islas Malvinas) Orcadas (administered by U.K., Scotia Sea SANAE IV French Southern claimed by ARGENTINA) (ARGENTINA) Neumayer (SOUTH Novolazarevskaya and Antarctic Lands SOUTH ORKNEY (GERMANY) AFRICA) (RUSSIA) ISLANDS (FRANCE) Maitri Syowa (JAPAN) SOUTH (INDIA) 70 SHETLAND area of Molodezhnaya ARGENTINA ÎLES Ushuaia ISLANDS enlargement Queen Maud Land (RUSSIA) Enderby KERGUELEN Drake Halley(U.K.) Land Passage Weddell Sea Belgrano II (ARGENTINA) Mawson Heard Island and CHILE Mac. Robertson (AUSTRALIA) 80 Land McDonald Islands Palmer (AUSTRALIA) Land Ronne Ice Shelf Amery Ice Shelf Zhong Shan(CHINA) CHILEAN Progress(RUSSIA) Davis(AUSTRALIA) CLAIM Bellingshausen Sea Ellsworth I n d i a n Vinson Massif Amundsen-Scott 90 W (U.S.) 90 E Peter I Island (highest point in Antarctica, 4897 m) South Pole Mirnyy Land 2800 m. Vostok (RUSSIA) O c e a n (RUSSIA) Bentley Subglacial Trench d (lowest point in Antarctica, -2540 m) n Shackleton a Concordia Ice Shelf M Marie Byrd I (FRANCE AND L S o u t h Land A ITALY) L Ross s C e P a c i f i c Ice Shelf Amundsen Casey k 80 l Sea (AUSTRALIA) N O c e a n i McMurdo A W I Scott (U.S.) L (N.Z.) A R Ross Sea T S average minimum U extent of sea ice Victoria Land A Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Poland, Dumont d'Urville Russia, South Korea, Uruguay each have 64 70 (FRANCE) a station on King George Island.
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