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Home , Casey Station, Coats Land, Davis Station, Edgeworth David Base, Ellsworth Land, George V Land

Percentage of seasonal population at the research station

25%

75% N o r w a y C Population in summer l a A categorization of the most recent i m Population in winter

research projects in Goals of research projects (based on describtion of NSF U.S. Program)

Projects that are trying to understand the region and its ecosystem Orcadas Station () Projects that using the region as a platform to study the upper space i m Signy Station (UK) a and atomosphere l lf Fimbul She Projects that are uncovering the regions’ BASIS OF THE CATEGORIZATION C La SANAE IV r zar effect and repsonse to global processes i n ev a () c e Ice such as climate This map categorizes the most recent research projects into three s s Sh n A s elf i t r i d t () Station groups based on the goals of the projects. The three categories tha Syowa Station n Mar () Pr incess inc (Japan) e Pr ess 14 projects are: projects that are developed to understand the Antarctic g Rag nhi r d e ld Molodezhnaya n c a I Isl Station () 2 projects A lle n region and its ecosystems, projects that use the region as a oinvi e DRONNING J s R 3 projects r i a is n L er_Larse G Marambio Station - er R s platform to study the upper atmosphere and space, and (Argentina) ii A R H ENDERBY projects that are uncovering Antarctica’s effects on (and A d Number of research projects M n Mizuho Station sla Halley Station er I i Research stations L ss (Norway) p mes Ro (UK) Na responses to) global processes such as climate. The Great Wall Station A Ja N (China) goals are based on National Science Foundation’s D Melchior Station () 100 (Argentina) L explanation about the Antarctic Pro- A ar n se t n I a ce S Belgrano II ˚ Dome Fuji Station r he 0 Miles c t lf (Japan) gram. Information about the projects and population i c (Argentina) P e n i n s at the research station are found on each country’s m (USA) u l a MACROBERTSON LAND i elf e Sh a delaid P Ice Antarctic program website. The categorization is A A hner l LM Filc E B s C R e arle L e Ch based on the reviewing the title and overview of A rk Princ N Ron n K D ne e Ice r Ame Shelf Rothera Station Shelf ry Ice the projects listed. U (UK) San Martin Station Zhongshan Station (Argentina) Station (UK) (China)

m i (Australia) a Kunlun Station Kunlun station is the l (China)

C second newest Chinese

e Arturo Parodi Station station built in 2009. It lo- l s in

i ta () Ellsworth Moun cates in Dome A, which is h South Pole Station

C (USA) the highest location in 90˚W 90˚E Antarctica. One of the

A Station most important projects

b (Russia)

b o

t Kunlun station has been

t

I T c r e a conducting is drilling the

S W n s h a a QUEEN MARRY LAND e l n Station l g t core of the oldest ice sheet f r a r e c (Russia) e t i in Antarctica at where the n c M Base

C o (Australia) o station is located. Taking u

a n s

t A

t a into account of Dome A is i u

n s S s the one of the windiest

0˚ 8 t

MARIE BYRD LAND r and coldest area in Ant-

a arctica, the construction

Casey Station l lf i

G Ross Ice She (Australia) a of the project will be ex-

et z

I c E R C tremely challenging. e oss Islan d

Sh d e w l

lf a a However, the extreme

F rd McMurdo Station

lo V (USA) i o I m condition did not stop d I R P 180 ˚ an en ge ins Antarctic researcher’s ula eager to uncover the myth Russkaja Station Mid Point Station ˚ S WHY RESEARCHING THE ANTARCTICA? (Russia) (Italy) 70 hidden under the ancient Antarctica has only been discovered around 200 years ice sheet, and discover ago, but this continent has been formed for 250 million more about the continent. (South Korea) years. This region has the most hostile environment on the Station () Sitry Station planet: its lowest temperature reached −129 °F, and approxi- (Italy) LAND mately 98% of the region is covered by thick ice sheets. On ˚ S 60 average, it’s also the windiest and driest place on . But with QATES LAND Dumont d'Urville Station (France) less than 150 years of exploration history, we have limited under- standing of this continent comparing to the extensive knowledge we have on other continents. Some people say that the main goals of McMurdo station is the largest research station in Ant- researching this hostile environment are to benefit other part of the regions arctica, established in 1956. It is now a major communi-

ty with developed infrastructures such as airports and F

by monitoring the or testing new technology in this extreme r

a manufactures that supply and support other research sta-

n

environment, since no one will live here in the long run, actually understanding c tions in Antarctica. It is now also a sightseeing town for e

the geography, , or ecosystem is not very necessary. However, based on the C the annual visitors from all over the wrold. This commu- l

a

i nity is also a great example of how the cooperation literature review of 12 Antarctic research stations’ projects summary, the result shows m among Antarctic researchers cooperate under extreme that most research stations in Antarctica have most amounts of projects on understanding conditions to conduct research about Antarctica. It also the Antarctic region. Because, driven by strong curiosity to uncover the unknown, and also for demonstrates how understanding the region and the pos- sibility of the harsh environment is a key to the further further understanding of the role Antarctica plays in relation to other part of the planet, the initial research of the relation between Antarctica and the rest step to understand the region is still the main trend of Antarctic research as reflected from the number of of the planet.

projects developed.

m

i

a l C

d n a l a e N Z e

w Cartographer: Mengyu Liang