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Commentary on Isaiah 7

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Commentary on Isaiah 7 THE CRISIS 7: 1-9 11. CRISIS AND THE CHRIST (IMMANUEL) CHAPTERS 7 - 12 CHAPTER SEVEN A. PROMISE OF IMMANUEL 1. THE CRISIS 7:l-g TEXT: 7:l-g 1 And it came to pass in the days of Ahaz, the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, that Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up to Jerusalem to war against it; but could not prevail against it. 2 And it was told the house of David saying, Syria is confederate with Ephraim. And his heart trembled, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the forest tremble with the wind. 3 Then said Jehovah unto Isaiah, Go forth now to meet Ahaz, thou, and Shearjashub thy son, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool, in the highway of the fuller’s field; 4 and say unto him, Take heed, and be quiet; fear not, neither let thy heart be faint, because of these two tails of smoking firebrands, for the fierce anger of Rezin and Syria, and of the son of Remaliah. 5 Because Syria, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah, have purposed evil against thee saying, 6 Let us go up against Judah, and vex it, and let us make a breach therein for us, and set up a king in the midst of it, even the son of Tabeel; 7 thus saith the Lord Jehovah, It shall not stand, neither shall it come to pass. 8 For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Epharaim be broken in pieces, so that it shall not be a people: 9 And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is Remaliah’s son. If ye will not believe, surely ye shall not be established. 147 7: 1-9 ISAIAH QUERIES a. Why was Isaiah told to take his son to meet Ahaz? b. Who is Tabeel? c. Who is warned “to believe”? PARAPHRASE During the reign of Ahaz (the son of Jotham and grandson of Uzziah), Jerusalem was attacked by King Rezin of Syria and King Pekah of Israel (the son of Remaliah) . But it was not taken; the city stood. However, when the news came to the royal court, Syria is allied with Israel against us! the hearts of the king and his people trembled with fear as the trees of a forest shake in a storm. Then the Lord said to Isaiah, Go out to meet King Ahaz, you and Shear-jashub, your son. You will find him at the end of the aqueduct which leads from Gihon Spring to the upper reser- voir, near the road that leads down to the bleaching field. Tell him to quit worrying, the Lord said. Tell him he needn’t be frightened by the fierce anger of those twc has-beens, Rezin and Pekah. Yes, the kings of Syria and Israel are coming against you. They say, We will invade Judah and throw her people into panic, then we’ll fight our way into Jerusalem and install the son of Tabeel as their King. But the Lord God says, This plan will not succeed, for Damascus will remain the capital of Syria alone, and King Rezin’s kingdom will not increase its boundaries. And within sixty-five years Ephraim, too, will be crushed and broken. Samaria is the capital of Ephraim alone and King Pekah’s power will not increase. You don’t believe Me? If you want me to protect you, you must learn to believe what I say! COMMENTS v. 1-2 THE CONFEDERACY: Rezin, King of Syria, and Pekah, King of Israel (Ephraim) in Samaria, had formed a coalition 148 THE CRISIS 7:l-g against Assyria. It is probable that they tried to get the Judean ruler to join with them against Assyria. Rezin and Pekah first attacked Judah when Jotham was still on the throne (2 Kings 1.537) probably to coerce the Judean ruler to join their alliance against Assyria. In I1 Chronicles 28:Sffwe learn that Ahaz was delivered into the hands of the Syrians who smote him and 120,000 men of Judah were slain. But Ahaz and his forces were suddenly released at Jericho and returned to Jerusalem. Then in I1 Kings 16:s we learn of a third attack of Rezin and Pekah upon Jerusalem. At this time Ahaz was prepared to become a satellite-state to Assyria in return for Assyria’s protection against the northern coalition (Cf. I1 Kings 16:7-9). It was, no doubt, just prior to Ahaz’s overture to the Assyrians that Isaiah met with Ahaz to deliver the Lord’s promise that the coalition of Rezin and Pekah would not be able to stand against Judah. Ahaz was beginning to be overcome with fear toward Syria and Israel. The coalition was determined to get rid of Ahaz and place a man on Judah’s throne who would do their bidding. v. 3-9 THE COMFORT: Isaiah and his son, Shearjashub (“A remnant shall return”) were sent to meet Ahaz at a precise point -the point where the water from the upper pool emptied into the conduit. The boy was to serve as a symbolic sign of hope, Ahaz was told to be quiet and calm. Rezin and Pekah were “lots of smoke but no fire” according to the Lord. They are burned-out, smoldering stumps. God knows their threatenings and He knows that in 65 years they will both have disappeared utterly. The coalition wishes to set up the son of Tabeal (the original form of the name suggests he was a Syrian) on the throne of Judah in the place of Ahaz. But God promises, “It shall not stand, and it shall not come to pass.” Israel and Syria have only human heads (v. 8) while the head of Judah is the Lord God. In 721-722 B.C. Sargon took Samaria (I1 Kings 17:16-24) and in 669 B.C. Esar-Haddon of Babylon sent colonists to occupy Samaria and entirely destroyed the nationality of Israel. This was 65 years from the time of Isaiah’s prediction’here (733 or 734 B.C.). All Ahaz had to do was to accept this promise and believe God and he would be established on the throne of Judah. But 149 7:10-16 ISAIAH Ahaz would not believe it (Cf. I1 Kings 16:7-18; I1 Chron. 28: 16-20). QUIZ 1. What was the purpose of the confederacy of Syria and Israel? 2. Why had they attacked Judah? 3. What was the attitude of Ahaz toward the confederacy? 4. Why was Isaiah sent to speak with Ahaz? 5. What was God’s promise to king Ahaz through the prophet Isaiah? 2. THE CHRIST 7:10-16 TEXT: 7:10-16 10 And Jehovah spake again unto Ahaz, saying, 11 Ask thee a sign of Jehovah thy God; ask it either in the depth or in the height above. 12 But Ahaz said, I will not ask, neither will I tempt Jehovah. 13 And he said, Hear ye now, 0 house of David; is it a small thing for you to weary men, that ye will weary my God also? 14 Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign; behold a virgin shall conceive and bear a son and shall call his name Immanuel. 15 Butter and honey shall he eat when he knoweth to refuse the evil, and choose the good. 16 For before the child shall know to refuse the evil, and choose the good, the land whose two kings thou abhorrest shall be forsaken. 150 THE CHRIST 7:lO-16 QUERIES a. Was Ahaz right in refusing to tempt Jehovah? b. Who is the virgin? c. Why mention that the child would eat butter and honey? PARAPHRASE Not long after this, the Lord sent this further message to King Ahaz: Ask Me for a sign, Ahaz, to prove that I will indeed crush your enemies as I have said. Ask anything you like, in heaven or on earth. But the king refused. No, he said, I’ll not bother the Lord with anything like that. Then Isaiah said, 0 House of David, you aren’t satisfied to exhaust my patience; you exhaust the Lord’s as well! All right then, the Lord Himself will choose the sign-a child shall be born to a virgin! And she shall call Him Immanuel (meaning, “God is with us.”). By the time it would take for the child to be weaned and come to know right from wrong, the two kings you fear so much-the kings of Israel and Syria-will be dead. COMMENTS v. 10-13 THE SIGN OFFERED AND REFUSED:Ahaz made no move to show that he believed God’s promise concerning the continuity of the kingdom of Judah. He was silent. God, to stir up his faith, offers a sign to guarantee fulfillment of His promise. Ahaz haughtily refuses the sign in language he intended should sound pious and loyal, but Ahaz had already decided to do his own will. He knew as well as anyone that when God commands a man to ask for a sign it is not putting God to the test to obey Him. Ahaz, like many others before and after, him, wanted to work things out in his own way! His way seemed to be so much better.
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