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Final Degree Project Alternative Design of a Space Station for Human Habitability Ahmad Fariq Irfan Bin Ahmad Fakhri FINAL DEGREE PROJECT TITLE: ALTERNATIVE DESIGN OF A SPACE STATION FOR HUMAN HABITABILITY AUTHOR: BIN AHMAD FAKHRI, AHMAD FARIQ IRFAN th PRESENTATION DATE: 13 JULY 2021 Alternative Design of a Space Station for Human Habitability Ahmad Fariq Irfan Bin Ahmad Fakhri APELLIDOS: BIN AHMAD FAKHRI NOMBRE: AHMAD FARIQ IRFAN TITULACIÓN: GRADO EN INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA PLAN: 2014 DIRECTOR: MORENO LUPIAÑEZ, MANUEL DEPARTAMENTO: DEPARTAMENTO DE FÍSICA CALIFICACIÓN DEL TFG TRIBUNAL PRESIDENTE SECRETARIO/A VOCAL Alexander Lebrato Juan Soler Ruiz Maria Teresa Baile Puig González FECHA DE LECTURA: 13 DE JULIO DE 2021 Este Proyecto tiene en cuenta aspectos medioambientales: NO Alternative Design of a Space Station for Human Habitability Ahmad Fariq Irfan Bin Ahmad Fakhri RESUMEN La idea de construir una estación espacial ha sido un gran tema desde principios del siglo XX. Las primeras ideas de la construcción de una estación espacial son principalmente para la exploración espacial y la investigación sobre el entorno espacial, que tiene muchas incógnitas para nosotros. Sin embargo, algunos físicos, investigadores y profesores han propuesto algunas ideas de diseño con el propósito de que los humanos puedan construir permanentemente colonias en el espacio. Algunas de las ideas famosas son el Diseño del Toro de Standford y la Esfera de Bernal cuyas ideas de investigación se han estudiado hasta estos días como base y referencia para construir una estación espacial permanentemente habitable. En este proyecto, propondré mi propia idea de un diseño alternativo de una estación espacial para la habitabilidad humana. A lo largo del informe de este proyecto, lo llamaré principalmente un hábitat espacial en lugar de una estación espacial para el diseño de este proyecto. Antes de que pueda proponer un diseño alternativo del hábitat espacial, primero estudiaré los términos fundamentales y los conocimientos relacionados con él para poder llegar a una solución para el diseño. Los desafíos de vivir en un entorno espacial serán estudiados y presentados en este informe. Se estudiarán algunos de los famosos diseños de estaciones espaciales existentes para la colonización humana, como el Toro de Standord y la Esfera de Bernal, para conocer el requisito principal para construir una estación espacial para la habitabilidad humana y también se estudiarán algunas de las estaciones espaciales de famosas películas de ciencia ficción. para obtener ideas sobre la estructuración del diseño del hábitat espacial de este proyecto. Una vez realizado el estudio, el diseño para el hábitat espacial se presentará en el proyecto que se realiza utilizando Siemens NX12 PLM Software. En este informe también se presentarán las características clave del hábitat espacial, como la forma en que se genera la gravedad artificial dentro del hábitat espacial, la estimación de la población que se puede acomodar dentro del hábitat espacial, el efecto Coriolis experimentado dentro del hábitat, la fuente energética, sistema de iluminación y sistema de control térmico del hábitat espacial. Como conclusión de este proyecto, se comparará el diseño que se ha realizado con el resto de estaciones espaciales de habitabilidad humana que se han estudiado. Finalmente, se darán sugerencias de mejora en el caso de cualquier estudio o investigación adicional sobre este proyecto. Palabras clave (màximo 10): Hábitat espacial giratorio Estación espacial Gravedad artificial Efecto Coriolis Panel solar Velocidad angular Toro de Standord Esfera de Bernal Habitabilidad de una estación Siemens NX12 espacial 1 Alternative Design of a Space Station for Human Habitability Ahmad Fariq Irfan Bin Ahmad Fakhri ABSTRACT The idea of building a space station has been quite a topic since the early 20th century. The early ideas of building a space station are mainly for space exploration and research on the space environment which has many unknowns to us. However, some design ideas have been proposed by physicists, researchers, and professors with a purpose for humans permanently able to build colonies in space. Some of the famous ideas are the design of Stanford Torus and Bernal Sphere whose research ideas have been studied until these days as the basis and reference to construct a permanently habitable space station. In this project, I will be proposing my own idea of an alternative design of a space station for human habitability. Throughout the report of this project, I will mostly call it a space habitat instead of a space station for the design of this project. Before I can propose an alternate design of the space habitat, I will first be studying the fundamental terms and knowledge related to it so that I can come to a solution for the design. The challenges of living in a space environment will be studied and presented in this report. Some of the famous existing space station designs for human colonization such as Stanford Torus and Bernal Sphere will be studied to know the principal requirement to build a space station for human habitability and some of the space stations from famous science-fiction movies will also be studied to gain ideas on structuring the design of the space habitat of this project. After studying is done, the design for the space habitat will be presented in the project that is done using Siemens NX12 PLM Software. The key characteristic of the space habitat will also be presented in this report such as how artificial gravity is generated inside the space habitat, the estimation of the population that can be accommodated inside the space habitat, the Coriolis effect experienced inside the habitat, the power source, lighting system and the thermal control system of the space habitat. As a conclusion of this project, the design that has been made will be compared to the other space stations for human habitability that have been studied. Finally, suggestions for improvement will be given in the case of any further studies or research on this project. Keywords (10 maximum): Rotating Space Habitat Space station Artificial gravity Coriolis effect Solar panel Angular velocity Stanford Torus Bernal Sphere Habitability of a space station Siemens NX12 2 Alternative Design of a Space Station for Human Habitability Ahmad Fariq Irfan Bin Ahmad Fakhri Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................8 1.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF SPACE STATION ............................................................................. 8 1.2. IDEA OF CREATING A SPACE HABITAT .......................................................................................... 9 2. OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................................. 11 3. CHALLENGES LIVING IN SPACE ................................................................................................... 12 3.1. VACUUM ..................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2. DEBRIS ......................................................................................................................................... 12 3.3. GRAVITY ...................................................................................................................................... 12 3.4. RADIATION .................................................................................................................................. 14 3.5. POWER SOURCE .......................................................................................................................... 14 4. THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE EXISTING DESIGN OF SPACE STATION ......................................... 15 4.1. STANFORD TORUS (1975) ........................................................................................................... 15 4.1.1. DESIGN ................................................................................................................................ 15 4.1.2. CREATION OF ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY AND CORIOLIS EFFECT ................................................ 17 4.1.3. ELECTRICAL POWER REQUIREMENT ................................................................................... 21 4.1.4. COOLING REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................. 22 4.1.5. LIGHTING ............................................................................................................................. 23 4.1.6. MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION................................................................................ 24 4.2. BERNAL SPHERE (1929) ............................................................................................................... 25 4.2.1. DESIGN ................................................................................................................................ 25 4.2.2. ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY AND CORIOLIS EFFECT ....................................................................... 27 4.2.3. LIGHTING OF HABITAT ........................................................................................................ 29 4.2.4. ELECTRICAL POWER, COOLING, AND MATERIAL ................................................................ 30 4.2.5. ISLAND ONE & ISLAND TWO ..............................................................................................
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