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The Life-Boat

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The Life-Boat THE LIFE-BOAT, OK JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION. PRICE 3D. With Illustrations. VOL. V.—No. 55.] IST, 1865. [ISSUED QCABTERL?. SALVAGE PAYMENTS TO LIFE- On the other hand, however, it is felt BOATS' CREWS. that, in the interest of humanity, valuable As it often happens that the life-boats of the property which has been produced by the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION are the " sweat of m&a's btow " should not be means of saving vessels and their cargoes allowed to perish beneath the waves, if it from destruction, or of materially contri- can be saved. The Institution, therefore, buting thereto, and as the owners of such authorizes the crews of its life-boats to assist property have not unfrequently objected to in saving vessels stranded, or leaky, or paying the life-boat men for their services otherwise in distress, under special circum- (believing that they are only performing stances and on certain terms. In permitting their duty by rendering them aid), we think those services, and in arranging those terms, it desirable that the owners of ships and a general principle had to be decided on, merchandize, as well as the general public, and such service being altogether distinct should be made acquainted with the prin- from the function of the Institution, it was ciples by which the Institution is actuated considered expedient to separate it, as far in the matter of saving wrecked property, as possible, from the more legitimate em- and the terms on which it allows its boats ployment of its boats; to effect which it to be used in saving it. was arranged that, on all occasions of using In the first place then, it cannot be too the Institution's life-boats to save property, plainly stated or too generally known, that they were to be considered as lent to their the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION is a. crews for that purpose, and that the latter Society established for the saving of human should look to the owners of the property lives, and that only. It appeals to the to remunerate them in. accordance with, the, British public to support it for that object, provisions of the " Merchant Shipping Act of and that object alone. It has, therefore, no 1854," and not to the Institution. right to devote any y>av*' °^ ^* ftuvds so The conditions on which the life-boats are raised to providing means for saving pro- lent to their crews for such service are as perty, or for any other object than the phi- follows:— lanthropic one which is its especial function. 1st.—-That they are on no account to be Accordingly it is a misapprehension on used in the salvage of property so as to the part of the owners of property at sea interfere with private enterprise, when any to suppose that it is the duty of the men other boats are available, and can be safely f who work the Institution's life-boats on the •employed. coast, to give their services gratuitously to 2nd.—That they are never to be launched effect its preservation. The Institution pays tand taken afloat expressly to perform such them for devoting their time and labour, siervice, when lives are not endangered, with- and for risking their lives, to save the lives out the sanction of the local Honorary of others, and it has no claim on them to '.Secretary, or other representative of the do more. ] ocal Committee of Management. LIFE-BOAT JOBBNAL,—YOL. V.—No. 55. 2 K 534 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JANUARY 1, 1865- 3rd —That the greatest care is to be taken j 3. By admitting appeal to the " High Court of them, and that they are never, on snch I of Admiralty," in cases above 200£. in occasions, to be unnecessarily exposed to se- ; amount of demand ; and in all cases, when rions risk of damage or destruction. the contending parties or either of them are 4th.—That their crews are not to make j not satisfied with the decision of the local exorbitant demands for payment from the magistrates. And, 4. By ultimate appeal to owners of the property saved in proportion the Privy Council. to the service rendered. All, therefore, that the Institution can do 5th.—That to cover risk of damage to the ! in the interest of the shipowner or owner of boats, two shares of all salvage payments cargo, in such cases, in addition to allowing received, i. e., an equivalent to the shares j the use of its boats, is to urge its crews not of tivo of the ereiv, shall be paid to the | to make " exorbitant demands" on owners Institution. j for payment, it having no power to remove The utility of the first three of the above j such cases from the legal jurisdiction of the conditions will be obvious, and need not be j country.' It should also be remembered further commented on; the two last call for that the crews of the Institution's life-boats some observations :—• are not a body of enrolled men, retained by ' With regard to the fourth, it is hardly permanent wages, but that they are formed possible that any rule which could be devised from volunteers of the local fishermen or other would altogether prevent disputes arising boatmen, and in some instances of Coast- between the crews of life-boats and the guard men, who are only employed for the owners of property saved by them, since occasion, and paid " for saving or endeavour- different elements have to be considered in ing to save human life," and for that only. determining the amount of the payment to The 5th condition, viz., the payment of which the salvors of property are fairly two shares of all salvage receipts to the entitled; viz., 1. The value of the property Institution, calls for some explanation, as it saved. 2. The certainty of its loss or the is iiaWe to be misunderstood. It may then degree of risk of loss to which it would be distinctly stated that it is not imposed as have been exposed, but for the salvor's aid. a source of profit to the Institution; the first 3. The amount of time and labour ex- intention, as already implied, being to cover pended, and the difficulty, exposure to wet risk of damage, since without such equiva- and cold, or risk of life incurred by the lent it is not considered that the Institution salvors. It is evident, therefore, that the would be justified in allowing its boats to character and value of such services must be be put to a use so distinct from that for of the most varied character ; and that the which its supporters have provided them; owners of property saved, and the salvors, whilst a second desirable effect of this con- whose interests lie in opposite directions, dition is, that the boatmen are thereby in- will be likely to form very different estimates duced to use their own boats in preference of their value. The legislature, sensible of | to the life-boats for the salvage of property, the difficulties surrounding such cases, has, whenever it is practicable to do so, since by the "Merchant Shipping Act of 1854," they have then no deduction made from the only stated that the salvors of property from ; salvage awards which they may earn. loss at sea shall be entitled to " reasonable ' A case in illustration will still more compensation," but it has made ample pro- clearly show the principle and the effects of vision for settling all points in dispute, its working:— 1. By empowering the "receivers of wreck" Some time since, a large Spanish ship to arbitrate between the salvors and owners grounded on the Blackwater Bank, on the of property, with the mutual consent of south-east coast of Ireland. The • captain each party. 2. By authorizing any two and his crew of 30 men, with the exception magistrates of the locality to fix the amount of one of the .latter who was inadvertently of payment in cases under 200?., where the left on board, escaped to the shore, some 8 parties cannot come to a mutual agreement. or 9 miles distant. The wind was blowing JANUARY 1, 1865.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 535 a gale at the time, but moderating shortly proceed to Dublin, and put in their claim for afterwards, and shifting its direction, the compensation for saving the ship and cargo ship slipped off the bank into deep water, from total destruction, which they had un- and drifted to the northward. Being seen doubted! v clone. The result was, that the from the shore, the Institution's Cahore Receiver of Wreck at Dublin proposed life-boat was launched, and, after a long and 500/. as an equitable settlement of the arduous row against wind and sea, succeeded claims of the salvors, which proposition was in boarding her; some of the sails were acceded to by them and by the agent for shaking, some aback, the ship with six or the owners. seven feet water in the hold, and the one The Institution in this case paid the unfortunate seaman on board half frightened crew of the life-boat the usual sum of 10s. to death. each for saving the life of the one seaman Now the coxswain and crew of the life- left on board the ship, and also the expense boat would have done their duty to the In- of the requisite help to launch the boat; but stitution which employed them, and to the all the expenses contingent on the saving of supporters of the Institution from whose the ship and cargo, such as the hire of con- contributions the boat was provided, had veyances to take the crews to their homes, they at once returned to the shore with the and their subsequent return to fetch their boat, poor Spanish sailor thus rescued from a and also the expenses incurred by the cox- watery grave, leaving the ship and cargo, swain and the chief boatman of Coast-guard, worth 20,0001., to their fate ; and, were they by going to Dublin, were paid out of the unable to look for a " reasonable compensa- 500?.
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