Lady in Waiting Pdf

Lady in waiting pdf Continue For the 1976 album, see Lady in Waiting (album). For the 1957 novel, see Lady in Waiting(novel). For British peers who hold the office of the Royal Household of Sovereign Britain, see Lord-in-waiting. Look up lady-in-waiting in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Part of a series onImperial, royal, noble,gentry and chivalrous trail in Europe Emperor · Empress · King-Emperor · Queen-Empress · Kaiser · Tsar · Tsarina High King · High Queen · Great King · Great Queen King · Queen Archduke · Archmens · Tsesarevich Grand Prince · Grand Princess Grand Duke · Grand Duchess Prince-elector · Prince · Princess · Crown Prince · Crown Princess · Foreign prince · Prince you sang · Infante · Infanta · Dauphin · Dauphine · Królewicz · Królewna · Earl · Tsarevich · Tsarevna Duke · Duchess · Herzog · Knyaz · Princely Count Supreme Prince · Supreme Princess · Fürst · Fürstin · Boyar Marquess · Marquis · Marchioness · Markyrk · Landgrave · Marcher Lord · Count Palatine Bill · Countess · Earl · Graph · Châtelain · Castellan · Burgrave Viscount · Viscountess · Vidame Baron · Baroness · Freiherr · Advocatus · Lord of parliament · Thane · Lendmann Baronet · Baronetess · Scottish Feudal Baron · Scottish Feudal Baroness · Ritter · Imperial Knight Eques · Knights · Chevalier · Ridder · Lady · Dame · Sir · Sire · Mrs · Edelfrei · Seigneur · Lord · Laird Lord of the Mansion · Gentleman · Gentry · Esquire · Edler · Jonkheer · Junker · Younger · Maid Ministerialis vte A lady-in-waiting or lady-in-waiting is a female personal assistant at a court, royal or feudal, who participates in a royal woman or a high-ranking noblewoman. Historically, a lady-in-waiting was often a noblewoman, but of a lower rank than the woman she attended. Although she either may have been a retainer or may not have received compensation for the service she did, a lady-in-waiting was considered more by a secretary, courtier or companion to her mistress than a servant. In other parts of the world outside Europe, the lady-in-waiting, often referred to as a palace woman, was often in effect a servant or a slave rather than a high-ranking woman, but still had much the same duties, acting as companion and secretary to her mistress. In courts where polygamy was practiced, a court lady was formally available to the monarch for sexual services, and she could become his wife, consort, courtesan, or concubine. Lady-in-waiting or court lady is often a generic term for women whose relative rank, title and official functions varied, although such distinctions were also often honorary. A royal woman may or may not be free to choose her ladies, and even when she has such freedom, her choice is heavily influenced by the ruler, her parents, her husband or the regent's ministers (for example, in the Bedchamber crisis). History The development of the office of lady-in-waiting in Europe is connected to that of the development of a royal court. During the Karolingian Empire in the 9th century, Hincmar describes the royal household of Charles the Bald in De Ordine Palatii from 882, where he states that court officials took orders from the Queen as well as the king. Already Merovingian queens are believed to have had their personal servants, and in the 9th century it is confirmed that Karolingian queens had an entourage of guards from the nobility as a sign of their dignity, and some officials stated belong to the queen rather than the king. [1] In the late 12th century, the Queens of France are confirmed to have had their own households, and noblewomen are mentioned as ladies-in-waiting. [1] In the Middle Ages, however, the household of a European queen consort was normally small and the number of actual ladies-in-waiting, rather than wives of nobles who accompanied their husbands to court, was very small: in 1286, the Queen of France had only five ladies-in-waiting in her employment, and it was not until 1316 that her household was separated from that of the royal children. [1] The role of ladies-in-waiting in Europe changed dramatically during the Renaissance era, when a new ceremonial court life, in which women played a significant role, developed as representation of power in the Italian courts and spread to Burgundy, from Burgundy to France, and to the other courts in Europe. [1] The Court of the Duchy of Burgundy was the most elaborate in Europe in the 15th century and became an example to France when the French royal family expanded at the end of the 15th century and introduced new offices so that both men and women could provide the new Renaissance sideland. [1] From the small circle of married femmes and unmarried filles, with a relatively humble place in the background during the Middle Ages, the number of French ladies-in-waiting was rapidly expanded, divided into an advanced hierarchy of multiple offices and given an important and public role to play in the new ceremonial court life in early 16th century France. [1] This example was followed by other courts in Europe, where courts expanded and became more ceremonial in the 16th century, and offices, women's numbers and visibility expanded in the early modern era. [1] However, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most European courts began to reduce their court staff, often due to new economic and political circumstances that made court representation more questionable. The duties of ladies in waiting varied from court to court, but functions that have historically been fired by ladies-in-waiting included skill in language, dances, horseback riding, music making and painting pre-emanating at court; keep her mistress abreast of activities and personalities at court; care of the rooms and wardrobe of her mistress; secretarial duties; Supervision of employees, budget and purchasing. read correspondence to her mistress and write on her behalf; and discreet reposting of messages at command. By court Austria In the late Middle Ages, when the court of the emperor moved no longer around constantly, the household of empress began, as well as the equivalent household of the German princely consort, to develop a smaller liquid and stricter organization with court offices set. The court model of the Duchy of Burgundy, as well as the Spanish court model, came to influence the organization of the Austrian Imperial Court in the 16th century, when the Burgundian Netherlands, Spain and Austria were united by the Habsburg dynasty. [2] [page needed] In the early and mid-16th centuries, the female courtiers held by female habburgers in the Netherlands and Austria consisted of a hofmesterees (Hovmorn) or dame d'honneur who served as the principal lady in waiting; enhofdame or Mere de filles, which were second in rank and deputy of the hofmesterees as well as being in charge of the eredames (maid of honour), also known as demoiselle d'honneur, fille d'honneur or Junckfraudepending upon language, and finally the chamber ores, kamenisters. [3] [page needed] During the time of Mary of Austria, holy Roman empress in the mid-16th century, however, the court of the Empress was organized in accordance with the Spanish court model, and after she left Austria, there was no additional household of an empress until the 1610s. [4] [page needed] This resulted in a mixture of Burgundian and Spanish customs when the Austrian court model was created. Finally, in 1619, a set-up was established for the Austrian Imperial Court, which became the characteristic organisation of the Austro-Habsburg Court, which was held roughly from this point onwards. [4] The first rank of the female courtiers was Obersthofmeisterin (Mistress of the Robes), who was second in rank after the empress itself, and responsible for all female courtiers. [4] Second rank belonged to the ayas, essentially governesses of the imperial children and heads of the children's court. [4] Third in rank was Fräuleinhofmeisterin: she was a replacement for Obersthofmeisterin when needed, but otherwise had the responsibility of the unmarried female courtiers, their conduct and service. [4] The rest of the female nobles consisted of Hoffräulein (bridesmaid), unmarried females from the nobility who normally served temporarily until marriage. [4] Hoffräulein could sometimes be promoted to Kammerfräulein (Maid of Honor). [4] The Austrian was the model for princely courts in Germany. [4] The German court model in turn became the model for the early modern Scandinavian courts in Denmark and Sweden. [5] [page needed] Belgium The Kingdom of Belgium was founded in 1830, after which a royal court was founded, and ladies-in-waiting were appointed louise of Orléans when she became Belgium's first queen in 1832. The female holders of the Queen's household were created on the French model and consisted of a dame d'honneur, followed by several ladies-in-waiting named Dame du Palais, in turn ranked above the premiere femme de chambre and femme de chambre. [6] The waiting of women has historically been chosen by the Queen herself from the nobility winners of the Catholic noble houses in Belgium. The highest functions of the court were carried out by members of the higher nobility, which involves much contact with the royal ladies. Belgian princesses were awarded a lady on their 18th birthday. Princess Clementine was given a lady by her father, a symbolic acnowledgement of adulthood. As the Queen entertains, the ladies welcome the guests and help the hostess maintain talks. Cambodia In Cambodia, the term ladies-in-waiting refers to high-ranking female servants who served food and drink, fanned and massaged, and sometimes as sexual favors to the king. Conventionally, these women could work their way up from maids to ladies-in-waiting, concubines, or even queen consort. Srey Snom (Khmer: ) is the Cambodian term for Khmer lady-in-waiting. The six favorite court ladies of King Sisowath of Cambodia were probably originally drawn from the សីសំ ranks of classic royal dancers in lower class.

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