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German Bishops and Their Military Retinues in the Medieval Empire Benjamin Arnold (University of Reading)
German Bishops and their Military Retinues in the Medieval Empire Benjamin Arnold (University of Reading) The majority of bishops in medieval Germany were born into aristocratic or knightly kindreds which prided themselves upon their proficiency in war fa re. 1 In spite of the message of the Gospels and the training received fo r high clerical office, it is not perhaps surprising that bishops retained the noble man's instinct as bellatores when they became oratores. In theory it was accepted that there existed distinctions between types of service; warfare, labour, and prayer. 2 A notable proponent of such divisions was himself an imperial bishop, Gerhard I of Cambrai (IOI2-5I). According to his bio grapher, he composed a homily which gave wide advertisement to the sub ject. 3 In practice the political experience of the Church in its complex relationship with secular power showed that the distinctions were not easy to 1 Tables on episcopal origins in L. Santifaller, Zur Geschichte des ottonisch-sa/£schen Reichskirchensystems (Sitzungsberichte der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Klasse, 229: r; Vienna, I954), 76-83 and discussion in A. Schulte, Der Adel und die deutsche Kirche im Mittelalter (Kirchenrecht liche Abhandlungen, 63-4; Stuttgart, I9Io). On the aristocratic nature of the German Church, H. Zielinski, Der Reichsepiskopat in spiitottonischer und sa/ischer Zeit I002-I 125, i (Stuttgart, 1984), 19-73; W. Stormer, Fruher Adel: Studien zur politischen Fuhrungsschicht imfrdnkisch-deut�chen Reich vom 8. bis I I. Jahrhundert (Monographien zur Geschichte des Mittelalters, 6: 2; Stuttgart, I973), 3I I-57· ' 0. G. -
Papal Overlordship and Protectio of the King, C.1000-1300
1 PAPAL OVERLORDSHIP AND PROTECTIO OF THE KING, c.1000-1300 Benedict Wiedemann UCL Submitted for the degree of PhD in History 2017 2 I, Benedict Wiedemann, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 Papal Overlordship and Protectio of the King, c.1000-1300 Abstract This thesis focuses on papal overlordship of monarchs in the middle ages. It examines the nature of alliances between popes and kings which have traditionally been called ‘feudal’ or – more recently – ‘protective’. Previous scholarship has assumed that there was a distinction between kingdoms under papal protection and kingdoms under papal overlordship. I argue that protection and feudal overlordship were distinct categories only from the later twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. Before then, papal-royal alliances tended to be ad hoc and did not take on more general forms. At the beginning of the thirteenth century kingdoms started to be called ‘fiefs’ of the papacy. This new type of relationship came from England, when King John surrendered his kingdoms to the papacy in 1213. From then on this ‘feudal’ relationship was applied to the pope’s relationship with the king of Sicily. This new – more codified – feudal relationship seems to have been introduced to the papacy by the English royal court rather than by another source such as learned Italian jurists, as might have been expected. A common assumption about how papal overlordship worked is that it came about because of the active attempts of an over-mighty papacy to advance its power for its own sake. -
Henry IV of Germany, 1056-1106 IS
Cambridge University Press 0521651131 - Henry IV of Germany, 1056-1106 I. S. Robinson Index More information INDEX Aachen, royal palace of, n., –, , , , of Swabia, , , , ; wife of Leopold , , , , , , , , , , III of Austria, , Agnes, empress: in Henry III’s reign: –, , , Adalbero IV, bishop of Metz, , , , ; as regent, –, –, , , Adalbero, bishop of Worms, –, , , , ; after , –, , , , Adalbero, bishop of Würzburg, , , n., , , , , , , , , –, , , n., , , , , , , , , , , , , Albert, cardinal bishop of Silva Candida, ‘Adalbero C’, see Gottschalk, provost of Aachen antipope, Adalbero, canon of Metz, German chancellor, Albert III, count of Namur, , , , n. Albert, royal envoy in Constantinople, Adalbero, nephew of Liemar of Bremen, Albuin, bishop of Merseburg, Adalbert, archbishop of Bremen, , , , , ; Alexander II, pope, , , , –, , , , and Henry IV, , , , , , , , –, , , , , , , , , , , , , , –, , –, , , –, , , , , , , , , , , , Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, , , Adalbert, bishop of Worms, , , , , , , , , n., , , n., , , , , Almus, duke in Hungary, Altmann, bishop of Passau, , , , n., Adalbert, count of Ballenstedt, , , , –, , , n., , , , , Adalbert, count of Calw, , n. , , , , , Adalbert, count of Schauenburg, , Altwin, bishop of Brixen, , , Adalbert, margrave in Italy, Amadeus II, count of Savoy, , , Adalbert Azzo II, margrave of Este, , , , Ambrose, St, , , Anastasia, queen, wife of Andreas I of Hungary, Adaldag, archbishop of Bremen, – Adam of Bremen, historian, , , , , , –, Andreas I, king of Hungary, -
The German Crusade of 1197–1198
This is a repository copy of The German Crusade of 1197–1198. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/82933/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Loud, GA (2014) The German Crusade of 1197–1198. Crusades, 13 (1). pp. 143-172. ISSN 1476-5276 © 2015, by the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Ashgate Publishing in Crusades on 01 Jun 2014, available online: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ashgate/cru/2014/00000013/00000001/art000 07. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 The German Crusade of 1197-98 G.A. Loud University of Leeds [email protected] Abstract This article reconsiders the significance of the German Crusade of 1197-8, often dismissed as a very minor episode in the history of the Crusading movement. -
Mobility in the Eastern Baltics (15Th–17Th Centuries) Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis XXIX, 2014, 6–10
INTRODUCTION: SIT VENIA VERBO The free movement of people, goods, services and capital is one of the cornerstone prin- ciples of the Treaty on the European Union. The provisions of the treaty provide for an individual’s mobility in the social environment. We can argue that the Treaty on the Euro- pean Union creates conditions for increasingly weaker dependence on nation-states. The decentralised movement directs us primarily towards individual self-expression and the pursuit of personal benefit. Movement is encouraged away from local and towards global centres, where administrative power and economic power (production, finance and trade) are concentrated. ‘Freedom of movement’ became the main condition for the geo-political structure in the EU economic space. The new European identity is formed by this condition 6 and the provisions of the law establishing the supremacy of individual freedom/benefit. Universal mobility in the cultural space of Western Europe was also important in other periods. However, its nature and its effects were different: they were centralis- ing. West European societies were also known as ‘mobile’ in the late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. Royal courts moved from residence to residence within their own countries, and the main state institutions and officials moved with them. Subjects would travel to the court to settle routine affairs or to seek justice. Dealing with diplomatic affairs was also affected by mobility. Sovereigns tended to meet in border areas, but seldom visited each other. In 1429, the border town of Lutsk was chosen as a meeting place for a con- ference between the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. -
Lady in Waiting Pdf
Lady in waiting pdf Continue For the 1976 album, see Lady in Waiting (album). For the 1957 novel, see Lady in Waiting(novel). For British peers who hold the office of the Royal Household of Sovereign Britain, see Lord-in-waiting. Look up lady-in-waiting in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Part of a series onImperial, royal, noble,gentry and chivalrous trail in Europe Emperor · Empress · King-Emperor · Queen-Empress · Kaiser · Tsar · Tsarina High King · High Queen · Great King · Great Queen King · Queen Archduke · Archmens · Tsesarevich Grand Prince · Grand Princess Grand Duke · Grand Duchess Prince-elector · Prince · Princess · Crown Prince · Crown Princess · Foreign prince · Prince you sang · Infante · Infanta · Dauphin · Dauphine · Królewicz · Królewna · Earl · Tsarevich · Tsarevna Duke · Duchess · Herzog · Knyaz · Princely Count Supreme Prince · Supreme Princess · Fürst · Fürstin · Boyar Marquess · Marquis · Marchioness · Markyrk · Landgrave · Marcher Lord · Count Palatine Bill · Countess · Earl · Graph · Châtelain · Castellan · Burgrave Viscount · Viscountess · Vidame Baron · Baroness · Freiherr · Advocatus · Lord of parliament · Thane · Lendmann Baronet · Baronetess · Scottish Feudal Baron · Scottish Feudal Baroness · Ritter · Imperial Knight Eques · Knights · Chevalier · Ridder · Lady · Dame · Sir · Sire · Mrs · Edelfrei · Seigneur · Lord · Laird Lord of the Mansion · Gentleman · Gentry · Esquire · Edler · Jonkheer · Junker · Younger · Maid Ministerialis vte A lady-in-waiting or lady-in-waiting is a female personal assistant at a court, royal or feudal, who participates in a royal woman or a high-ranking noblewoman. Historically, a lady-in-waiting was often a noblewoman, but of a lower rank than the woman she attended. Although she either may have been a retainer or may not have received compensation for the service she did, a lady-in-waiting was considered more by a secretary, courtier or companion to her mistress than a servant. -
'The Medieval Housebook and Elias's “Scenes from the Life of a Knight”: a Case
1 2 Published by The Norbert Elias Foundation J.J. Viottastraat 13 1017 JM Amsterdam Board: Johan Goudsblom, Herman Korte Stephen Mennell Secretary to the Foundation: EsterWils Tel: & Fax: +31 20 671 8620 Email: [email protected] http://norberteliasfoundation.nl/ Free eBook 2015 http://www.norberteliasfoundation.nl/docs/pdf/Medievalhousebook.pdf Printed by the University of Leicester 3 The Medieval Housebook and Elias’s ‘Scenes from the Life of a Knight’: A case study fit for purpose? Patrick Murphy Contents1 Part 1: The Elias thesis in outline 1. Introduction 2. Why was Elias attracted to The Medieval Housebook? 3. Elias’s selection and interpretation of the drawings Part 2: Elias as a point of departure 4. Focus on the artist, with the patron in absentia 5. A presentational farrago 6. A possible case of intellectual amnesia Part 3: Moving beyond Elias 7. An overview of the housebook figuration 8. Naming the manuscript: Its appearance and form 9. What’s in a picture? Attribution and interpretation 10. Reconstituting the housebook: Problems and pitfalls 11. Is it a book? 12. The precious, the mundane and the commonplace Part 4: Moving further beyond Elias 13. Elusive timelines 14. Excurses on Swabia in the later Middle-Ages 15. Backwater or whirlpool: Aggressive resentment or nostalgia? 16. The quest to identify the Master 17. From Master to patron 18. In search of Elias’s benchmarks Part 5: Climbing out on a limb 19. Artistic empathy or, could it be ridicule? Part 6: Conclusion 20. Were the housebook drawings fit for purpose? 21. Involvement -
Ulrich Von Liechtenstein - Poems
Classic Poetry Series Ulrich von Liechtenstein - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Ulrich von Liechtenstein(1200 - 1275) Ulrich von Liechtenstein (1200–1275) was a medieval ministerialis and minnesinger, author of noted works about how knights and nobles may lead more virtuous lives, and a powerful leader in the 13th century Eastern Alps. He was born in 1200 at Murau in the Duchy of Styria, located in the present-day State of Austria. His family, a cadet branch of the Bavarian Aribonids named after Liechtenstein Castle near Judenburg, was not affiliated with the Austrian House of Liechtenstein. <b>Life</b> Details of Ulrich's life are difficult to ascertain, for much of what scholars know relies heavily upon information gleaned from his often-fictional, self-styled autobiographical work the Frauendienst (trans. Service of Ladies). Separating fact from stylized hyperbole has proven difficult for historians. From age 12 on, Ulrich received noble training as a page to a lady of much higher station than he then another four years as a squire to Margrave Henry of Istria , son of Duke Berthold IV of Merania, he was knighted by the Babenberg duke Leopold VI of Austria in 1222. Ulrich is documented as a Styrian Truchsess in 1244/45. When Philip of Sponheim, the Archbishop-Elect of Salzburg, was deposed by Pope Alexander IV for refusing to take holy orders, Philip raised an army to defend his title. In 1250, Ulrich agreed to fight for Philip's cause in return for Philip's arranging a beneficial marriage of Ulrich's son, Ulrich II, to Kunigunde of Goldegg and Philip added a dowry of 400 Salzburg pounds to the agreement. -
Frederick II Hohenstaufen
Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo The Court of Frederick II Hohenstaufen Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo The Court of Frederick II Hohenstaufen Copyright © Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise– without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Page 2 of 132 I have always been fascinated by history, of my own history, and that of my family, which I discovered could be traced from the Hohenstaufen Dynasty. Through studying different periods of history from medieval to early modern through to the present day I have gained an understanding into some of the crucial developments that have determined what course our future would take. Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo Other publications of Dr. Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo: The Hohenstaufen Dynasty (2013) Who is noble included in the Almanach de Gotha - Goliardica Editrice s.r.l, Trieste (2013) The Court of Frederick II Hohenstaufen - Goliardica Editrice s.r.l, Trieste (2013) Corrado I principe d´Antiochia Della Casa di Sveva (Ramo Caputo) - Edizioni Italo Svevo, Trieste (2012) The Legitimacy of Non Reigning Royal Families - Edizioni Italo Svevo, Trieste (2012) Creation of Order of Chivalry (2012) The Royal House of Georgia - H.R.H. -
Medieval Law and the Foundations.Pdf
Medieval Law and the Foundations of the State Medieval Law and the Foundations of the State ALAN HARDING 3 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris São Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Alan Harding 2001 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Harding, Alan Medieval law and the foundations of the state / Alan Harding. -
The Sources of Wigamur and the German Reception of the Fair Unknown Tradition
The Sources of Wigamur and the German Reception of the Fair Unknown Tradition Neil Thomas University of Durham The anonymous Wigamur' falls into that category of 'post-classical' Arthurian romances which has been largely ignored by scholars interested in the early works of the Bliilezeit, namely. Hartmann's Eree and Iwein and Wolfram's Parzival. For more than a century scholarly responses to the work have remained consistent in their tone of faint praise. Gregor Sarrazin took the work to be a debased kind of Arthurian romance which was, nevertheless, somewhat better than other examples of the genre: An poetischem Werth abeT stehl unser Gedicht dUTch seine naive, treuherzige. wenn 3uch unbeholfene Darstellung gewiss immer noch hoher als die faden Romane des Pleiers.2 More recently David Siamires stated: No one in his right mind would claim that Wigamur is a work of commanding literary significance. but after three readings of it I cannot feel it is as worthl ess as most writers on the subject have thought] The same critic suggests that a substantial reason for the poem 's low reputation may lie in its unfortunate manuscript tradition. The main WolfenbUttel manuscript teems with mistranscriptions and scribal omissions. Meanwhile the first editor of the romance did not have at hi s disposal the two further sets of Wigamur fragments which were discovered in the later nineteenth century4 and which, in some cases, throw light on the corrupt, main manuscript. 1n her new edition Danielle Buschinger prints the Salzburg and Munich manuscripts side 98 Neil Thomas by side with the WolfenbUttel one. -
1 the Marbach Annals, 1189-1200 These Annals from Alsace Are Part
1 The Marbach Annals, 1189-1200 These annals from Alsace are part of a composite text. The first part of this was a set of annals probably from the Augustinian abbey of Marbach covering the period from the seventh century up to 1200, which for the earlier period drew on the Chronicle of Otto of Freising, and which may also have drawn on an earlier set of annals from Strassburg. This text dates from soon after 1200. It was, however, subsequently combined with a further and later set of annals, perhaps from the monastery of Neuberg, covering the period after 1200, and probably collected in their present form in the 1240s. (The section from 1201-20 was probably written at one go soon after the latter date). These combined annals survive in one manuscript, now in Jena, added in a thirteenth-century hand to a late twelfth-century manuscript of the Chronicle of Otto of Freising. [Translated from Die Chronik Ottos von St. Blasien und die Marbacher Annalen, ed. Franz-Josef Schmale (Ausgewählte Quellen zur deutschen Geschichte des Mittelalters, 18a; Darmstadt 1998), pp. 178-208; also in Annales Marbacenses qui dicuntur, ed. Hermann Bloch (MGH SRG, Hanover 1907), pp. 60-76. Translation © G.A.Loud (2011)] In the year of the Lord 1189, on the Octave of Easter, that is 15th April, our men began their most fortunate journey, and the emperor left Hagenau. The princes whom we know that accompanied him were these: his son Duke Frederick of Swabia, Duke Berthold of Merania, the bishops of Würzburg, Liège, Basel, Toul, Regensburg, Münster, Passau (and his brother), Meissen and Freiburg, the Margraves of Baden and Vohburg, the count of Dornberg, Count Berthold of Neuenberg, the Count of Holland, the Count of Nassau, 1 and many other bishops, princes and nobles [also] went.