Henry IV of Germany, 1056-1106 IS

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Aachen, royal palace of,  n., –, , , , of Swabia, , , , ; wife of Leopold , , , , , , , , , , III of Austria,  ,  Agnes, empress: in Henry III’s reign: –, , , Adalbero IV, bishop of Metz, ,  , , ; as regent, –, –, , , Adalbero, bishop of Worms, –, ,  , , ; after , –, , , , Adalbero, bishop of Würzburg, , ,  n., , , , , , , , , –, , ,  n., , , , , , , , , , ,  , ,  Albert, cardinal bishop of Silva Candida, ‘Adalbero C’, see Gottschalk, provost of Aachen antipope,  Adalbero, canon of Metz, German chancellor,  Albert III, count of Namur, , , ,  n. Albert, royal envoy in Constantinople,  Adalbero, nephew of Liemar of Bremen,  Albuin, bishop of Merseburg,  Adalbert, archbishop of Bremen, , , , , ; Alexander II, pope, , , , –, , , , and Henry IV, , , , , , , , –, , , , , , , , , , , , , , –, , –, , , –, , , , , , , , , ,  , ,  Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, , , Adalbert, bishop of Worms, , , , ,  , , , ,  n., , ,  n., , , , , Almus, duke in Hungary,   Altmann, bishop of Passau, , , ,  n., Adalbert, count of Ballenstedt, , , ,  –, , ,  n., , , , , Adalbert, count of Calw, ,  n. , , , , ,  Adalbert, count of Schauenburg, ,  Altwin, bishop of Brixen, , ,  Adalbert, margrave in Italy,  Amadeus II, count of Savoy, , ,  Adalbert Azzo II, margrave of Este, , , , Ambrose, St,  , ,  Anastasia, queen, wife of Andreas I of Hungary, Adaldag, archbishop of Bremen, –  Adam of Bremen, historian, , , , , , –, Andreas I, king of Hungary, , , –,   Andreas-Wezel, bishop of Olmütz,  n.,  Adela of Louvain, wife of Dedi of Lower Lusatia, Anna Comnena, historian,  , ,  Anno II, archbishop of Cologne: early career, , Adelaide, abbess of Quedlinburg, , ,  , , ; during Henry IV’s minority, Adelaide, daughter of Henry IV, ,  –, , –, , –, , , , ; Adelaide, margravine of Turin, , , , , later career, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  n. , , , –, , , , , , Adelaide of Susa, wife of Rudolf of Swabia, ,  , , ,  Adelaide, wife of Udalric, count of Passau,  Anonymi Chronica imperatorum, see Bamberg Adelgaud, abbot of Ebersheimmünster,  chronicle Adelpreth, royal adviser, , , , ,  Anselm, abbot of Lorsch,  advocates, –, , , , , –, ,  Anselm III, archbishop of Milan,  n., , Agnes, daughter of Henry IV: wife of Frederick I 



 

Anselm I, bishop of Lucca, see Alexander II , , , , , , , , , , Anselm II, bishop of Lucca, , ,  ,  Anzo, bishop of Brixen,  Berthold, anti-archbishop of Salzburg, , , Ariald, deacon, Patarine leader,   Aribones, family, –,  n. Berthold, brother of Liupold of Meersburg,  Arnold, anti-bishop of Constance,  n., , Berthold, monk of Reichenau, chronicler, , , ,  , , , , , , , , ,  Arnold, brother of Liupold of Meersburg,  Berthold of Rheinfelden, anti-duke of Swabia, Arnulf, count of Looz, ,  , , , , , ,  Arnulf of Milan, chronicler, , ,  Berthold I of Zähringen, duke of Carinthia, , Arpo, bishop of Feltre,  , , ; in the service of the crown, Attila, sword of, , ,  –, , , , , , , , , , , Atto, archbishop of Milan, ,  , , , ; rebellion: , , , , Augsburg, annals of, , , , , ,  , , , , , , ,  Berthold II of Zähringen, anti-duke of Swabia, Babenberg family,  , , , , , , , , ,  Baldwin, bishop of Strasbourg,  n. Baldwin V, count of Flanders, , ,  Billungs, family, , , , , , , , , , Baldwin VI, count of Flanders and Hainault,   Bamberg chronicle, , , , , ,  Billungs, march of,  Baruncii, Roman family,  Boleslav II, duke of Poland, ,  Bavarian Nordgau, march of, , , , , , Boniface of Canossa, margrave of Tuscany,   Boniface I, margrave of Vasto,  n. Bavarian Ostmark, march of, , , , ,  Bonizo, bishop of Sutri, polemicist, , , , Beatrice, abbess of Quedlinburg and ,  Gandersheim, daughter of Henry III,  Borivoi II, duke of Bohemia, , , , , Beatrice, margravine of Tuscany, , , , , , ,  , , , , , ,  Boso, count in Italy,  Bela I, king of Hungary, –, ,  Bretislav I, duke of Bohemia, , ,  n. Benedict X, pope, , , ,  Bretislav II, duke of Bohemia, , ,  Benno I, bishop of Meissen, ,  Brixen, council of (), , –, , , Benno II, bishop of Osnabrück, , , , , , , ,  , , , , , , , , , , Bruno, archbishop of Trier, , , ,  , , ,  Bruno, clerk of Merseburg, chronicler, , , , Beno, cardinal priest of SS. Martino e Silvestro, , , , , , , , , , , ,  , , , , , , , , , Benzo, bishop of Alba, polemicist, ,  n., , ; on Henry IV, , , , , , , , , , ,  , , , , , , , ; on Berard, abbot of Farfa,  Otto of Northeim, , , ,  Berengar, count of Sangerhausen,  Bruno, count of Brunswick,  Berengar, count of Sulzbach, , ,  Brunones, family, ,  n., , , ,  Bernard, abbot of St Victor in Marseilles, , , Burchard, bishop of Basel, , , , ,  , , , ,  Burchard I, bishop of Halberstadt,  Bernard, cardinal deacon, , , , , , Burchard II, bishop of Halberstadt: in the service , , ,  of the crown, , , , , –, , , , Bernard, master of the cathedral school of , , , ; rebellion, , , , , , Hildesheim,  n. , , , ,  n., , , , Bernard of Menthon, archdeacon of Aosta,  n. , , , , ,  Bernard II Billung, duke of Saxony,  Burchard, bishop of Lausanne, , , , Bernold, monk of St Blasien, chronicler, , , –,   n., , , , , , , , Burchard, bishop of Münster, , , , , , , , ,   Bertha, empress, , , , –, , , , , Burchard, bishop of Utrecht, , 

Index 

Burchard, count of Nellenburg,  Conrad, son of Henry III,  n., , ,  Burchard, count, royal envoy in Constantinople, Constantine, Byzantine envoy,   Constantine I, emperor, –, ; Donation of Burchard, margrave of Istria, , ,  Constantine,  Corsi, Roman family, ,  Cadalus, bishop of Parma, antipope Honorius II, Corvey, abbey of,  , , , , , , , , , ,  Cosmas, bishop of Prague,  Canossa, absolution at (), ,  n., , Cosmas of Prague, chronicler, , ,  –, , , , , , , , , count, office of, – , , , , , ,  count palatine, office of,  Canossa, family of, , , , , , , , Crescentii, Roman family, ,  , , , ,  crown lands, , , –, , , –, ,  Carmen de bello Saxonico, see Song of the Saxon ‘crown-wearings’, , , , , , , , War – Casimir, king of Poland,  Cunigunde, empress,  n.,  Celestine I, pope,  Cuniza, wife of Adalbert Azzo II of Este,  Cencius Johannis, Roman prefect,  Cuno, bishop of Strasbourg,  Cencius Stephani, Roman nobleman,  Cuno, count of Beichlingen, , , ,  chancery, royal, –, –, , , , , n.  n.,  Cuno, count of Wülflingen,  chapel, royal, , , , , ,  Cuno, royal ministerialis, , , ,  Charlemagne, , , , ,  n.,  n., , ,  Damasus II, pope, ,  Charles, bishop of Constance, , , ,  Dedi, count,  Châtenois, family, ,  Dedi I, margrave of Lower Lusatia, , –, , Childeric III, king, ,  , , , , , ,  Clement II, pope, ,  Dedi II, son of Dedi I, ,  ‘Clement III’, antipope, see Wibert, archbishop of Denis, bishop of Piacenza, , , , ,  Ravenna Desiderius, abbot of Monte Cassino, see Victor III clerical marriage, papal prohibition of, , , Diepold III, margrave of the Bavarian Nordgau, ,  , ,  Cluny, abbey of, , ,  n. Donizo, monk of Canossa, historian,  n., Coloman, king of Hungary, ,   Cono, anti-bishop of Mantua,  n. duke, office of, –,  Conrad, archbishop of Trier, , , ,  Conrad, bishop of Utrecht, ,  n., , Eberhard, archbishop of Trier, ,  , , ,  n., , ,  Eberhard, bishop of Eichstätt,  Conrad I, count of Luxemburg,  Eberhard, bishop of Naumburg, , , , , Conrad, count of Reinhausen, ,  , , , ,  Conrad I, duke of Bavaria, –, –, ,  Eberhard, bishop of Parma,  Conrad III, duke of Carinthia, , ,  Eberhard, count of Nellenburg, , , ,  Conrad II, emperor, , , , , , , , , , n., ,  , , , , , , ,  n., , Eberhard, son of Eberhard of Nellenburg, , , ,  ,  n.,  Conrad, king, son of Henry IV, ,  n., , Eberhard ‘the Bearded’, count, royal adviser, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , – , , , , ; as anti-king, , Egeno, accuser of Otto of Northeim, , , , –, , , –, , , , ,  , , , ,  Egilbert, archbishop of Trier, , ,  n., Conrad, margrave of Moravia, ,  , , , , , , , ,  Conrad, ministerialis, adviser of King Conrad,  Einhard, bishop of Speyer,  n.,  n.,  Conrad of Staufen, brother of Frederick I, duke of Ekbert I, count of Brunswick, margrave of Swabia, ,  Meissen, , , , , 

 

Ekbert II, count of Brunswick, margrave of Frederick, count of Tengling,  Meissen, , , , , , , , , , Frederick de Monte, Saxon rebel,  –, , , , –, , , , Frederick, duke of Lower Lotharingia, , ,  , , –, , , ,  n.,  Frederick I, duke of Swabia, , , , , , Ekbert, count of Formbach,  , , , , , , , , , Ekkehard, abbot of Aura, chronicler, , , , , , ,  n.,  n., , , , , , , , ,   Ekkehard, abbot of Reichenau,  Frederick II, duke of Swabia,  Ellenhard, bishop of Freising, , ,  Frederick of Liège, abbot of Monte Cassino, Embrico, bishop of Augsburg, , , ,  cardinal priest of S. Grisogono, see Stephen n. IX Emehard, bishop of Würzburg, , , ,  Frederick of Putelendorf, Saxon count palatine, Emicho, count of Leiningen,   Engelbert, count, casualty at Homburg (),  Frutolf of Michelsberg, chronicler,  n., , Engelbert, count of Spanheim, , ,  , , ,  Eppenstein family, , , , ,  Fruttuaria, abbey of, , , , ,  Eppo, bishop of Worms,  n. Fulco, margrave of Este,  Erkenbold, chamberlain, , , , ,  Erlung, bishop of Würzburg, , , ,  Gebhard, abbot of Hirsau, bishop of Speyer, , Ernest I, duke of Swabia,   n., , , , ,  Ernest, margrave of the Bavarian Ostmark,  Gebhard, archbishop of Salzburg, , , , , Erpo, bishop of Münster, ,  ,  n.,  n., , , , , Ethelinde, daughter of Otto of Northeim, ,  , , , , , ,  Eupraxia-Adelaide, empress, , , , Gebhard III, bishop of Constance, , , , – , ; leader of the German Gregorian Eustace, count of Boulogne,  party, , , , , , –, exceptio spolii, , ,  –, , , , , , , ,  Ezzonid family, ,  n., , ,  n.,  Gebhard, bishop of Eichstätt, see Victor II n., ,  Gebhard III, bishop of Regensburg, , ,  Gebhard IV, bishop of Regensburg, , ,  Farfa, abbey of, , , ,  n. Felix, anti-bishop of Meissen,  Gebhard, count of Supplinburg,  First Crusade, , , , , ,  Gebhard-Jaromir, bishop of Prague, , ,  Flarchheim, battle of (), , , ,  Geisa, king of Hungary, , ,  fodrum,  Gelasius I, pope, , ,  Folcmar, bishop of Minden, , ,  Gerald, cardinal bishop of Ostia, , , ,  Folcmar, Saxon nobleman,  Gerard II, bishop of Cambrai,  Forchheim, assembly of (), , , –, Gerard, bishop of Florence, see Nicholas II ,  n., , ,  Gerard, duke of Upper Lotharingia,  Formbach, family of, ,  Gero, count of Brehna, , ,  Frederick, abbot of Goseck, abbot of Hersfeld, Gerstungen, peace of (), , , , –, , ,  , , , ,  Frederick, archbishop of Bremen,  Gerstungen-Berka, conference of (), –, Frederick I, archbishop of Cologne, , , , , ,  , , , , , ,  Gertrude, wife of Henry, count of Northeim, , Frederick, bishop of Halberstadt, ,   Frederick, bishop of Münster, , , ,  Gisela, empress, wife of Conrad II, , , , , Frederick, count of Arnsberg, ,  n. , , , , ,  Frederick II, count of Goseck, Saxon count Giselbert, count of Luxemburg and Salm,  palatine, , , , , , , ,  Giso, count of Gudensberg, ,  Frederick, count of Montbéliard,  gistum,  Frederick I, count of Sommerschenburg, Saxon Gleiberg, counts of,  count palatine, , , , ,  Godfrey, archbishop of Milan, , , , 

Index 

Godfrey, count of Louvain, duke of Lower Hadrian I, pope,  n.,  n. Lotharingia, ,  Hamezo, anti-bishop of Halberstadt, ,  Godfrey, count of Namur, ,  Hammerstein, royal fortress, ,  Godfrey ‘the Bearded’ of Verdun, margrave of Hartmann II, count of Dillingen and Kyburg,  Tuscany, duke of Lower Lotharingia, , , Hartmann, royal adviser, , ,  , –, , , , , , , , ,  Hartwig, abbot of Hersfeld, archbishop of Godfrey III (‘the Hunchback’), duke of Lower Magdeburg (Henrician), , , ,  Lotharingia, , , , , , , , , Hartwig, archbishop of Magdeburg (Gregorian), , –, , ,  ,  n., , , , , , , Godfrey IV of Bouillon, margrave of Antwerp, , , ; in the service of Henry IV, duke of Lower Lotharingia, , , , , , , , , ,  , ,  n., ,  Hartwig, bishop of Regensburg,  Godschalk, bishop of Minden,  n. Hartwig, bishop of Verden, ,  Goslar, palace of,  n., , , , , , , , Hartwig, count of Bogen,  , , , , , , , , , , , , Harzburg, royal fortress, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  n., , , , , , , ,  ,  Helmold of Bosau, chronicler,  Gotebald, patriarch of Aquileia,  Henry, archbishop of Ravenna,  Gottschalk, provost of Aachen, monk of Henry, bishop of Augsburg, –, ,  Klingenmünster, , , ,  n., ,  Henry, bishop of Chur,  n., ,  Henry, bishop of Freising, ,  Gregory, bishop of Vercelli, , , ,  Henry, bishop of Liège, , , ,  Gregory I, pope,  n. Henry, bishop of Speyer, ,  Gregory VI, pope,  Henry, bishop of Trent,  Gregory VII, pope, –, , , ; and Henry I, count of Eilenburg, margrave of Lower Henry IV, , , , , , , , , , Lusatia and Meissen, , , –, , , , , , , , , , , ,  , , , , , , , , , , Henry II, count of Laach, Lotharingian count , , –, , , , –, , , palatine, , , ,  , , , , , , , , , , Henry I, count of Limburg, duke of Lower , , , , , , , , , Lotharingia, , –, , , ,  , , , , , , , , ; and Henry III, count of Stade, margrave of the Saxon German princes, , , , , , , Nordmark,  , , , , , , , , , , Henry II, emperor, ,  n. , , , , , , ; and imperial Henry III, emperor,  n., , , –, , , , bishops, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; and Milan, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; and Normans, , , , , , , , , , , , , , –; and Rudolf of , , , , , , , , , Swabia, , , –, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; concept of , ,  kingship, , –, , , , , –, Henry IV, emperor: and Bavaria, , , , , , ; reform programme, , , , , , –, , , , , –, , , –, –, , , , ; polemics , , , , –, , , , against, , –, –, , , , , , , –, –, , –, ; and , , –, , , , , ,  Lotharingia, , –, , , , –, n., , , , , ,  , , –, –, , –; and Gundechar, bishop of Eichstätt, , ,  Saxony, , –, , , , , , Gundekar, chamberlain, , ,  –, , , , –, , , , , Gunhild, ﬁrst wife of Henry III,  , –, , , , , , , , Gunther, bishop of Bamberg, –,  n.,  , –, –, , –, –, , Gunther, bishop of Naumburg, ,  n., , –, –, , , , , , , , , –, , ,  , , , , , , , –; and



Henry IV, emperor (cont.) , –, , , , , , –, , Swabia, –, , , , , , –, ; letters, , , , , , –,  , , –, , ; and the Italian n., , , , –, , , , kingdom, , , , –, , , , –, , –, , , , , , , , –, , , , , –, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , –, –, , , , –, –, –, ; piety, –, , , , , , ; and southern Italy, , –, ,  n., , , , , , , , , , , , ; and Bohemia, , –, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , –; polemics against, , ,  n., , , , , –, –, –, , ; , , , , –, , , , , and Byzantium, –, –, , ; and , , , , , , ; portrayed as Mainz, , , , , , , , , divinely ordained ruler, , , , , , , , , –, , , , , , , , , ; propaganda in favour –, ,  , , , , , , of, , , –, , , , , , , ; and Milan, , , , , , , , , , –, , ,  n., , , , , , , ; and Regensburg, , , , , , , , , , ,  , , , , , , , , , ; Henry V, emperor, ,  n.,  n., ,  and Rome, –, , , , , –, n.,  n.,  n., , , , , –, , , , –, –, , , –, , , , , , ; rebellion, ; and Speyer, , , , , –, , , –, , , ; accession, –, , , , , , , , , – –, , , –, , , ; and Henry, ﬁrst-born son of Henry IV, , ,  Venice, , , –, ; and Worms, , Henry I, king of the Germans, ,  n.,  , –, , , , , , , , , n.,  n. , , ; and Würzburg, , , , Henry I, Lotharingian count palatine,  , , , , , ; advisers, , , Henry, ministerialis,  , –, , , , –, , , , , Henry of Assel, bishop of Paderborn, archbishop , , , , –, , , , , , of Magdeburg, –,  n.,  , , , , , . , , , , Henry of Eppenstein, duke of Carinthia, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  , , , , , , , , , , Henry of Werl, bishop of Paderborn (Henrician), , –, ; and Jewish communities, ,  –, ; and ‘peace of God’, –, , Henry, patriarch of Aquileia, , , , , , , –, ; as patrician of the ,  Romans, , –, , , ; attitude Henry, son of Dedi II of Lower Lusatia,  towards the imperial Church, , , –, Henry, son of Eberhard of Nellenburg, ,  , , –, , , , , , , , Henry ‘the Black’, son of Welf IV,  , , , , , , , –, , Henry ‘the Fat’, count of Northeim, , , , –, , , , , , , ;  concern with memoria, , , , , , Herlembald Cotta, Patarine leader, –,  –, , ; devotion to Virgin Mary, , Herman, advocate of Reichenau,  n. , , , , , , , , –; Herman, anti-bishop of Passau, ,  diplomas, , –, , –, , –, –, Herman II, archbishop of Cologne, , , , , , , –, , , , , , , , ,  , , , , –, , , , , Herman III, archbishop of Cologne, , , , , , , , , , , , ,  –, , , , , , , –; Herman, bishop of Augsburg, , ,  n., emperorship, , , , , , , , ,  , , , , , , , , –, Herman I, bishop of Bamberg, , , , , , , , –, , , , , ; , , , , , ,  episcopal appointments, –, , –, Herman, bishop of Metz, , , , ,  n., , , , , , –, , –, , , , , –, , , , , –, , , –, ; itinerary, –, , 

Index 

Herman, burgrave of Magdeburg,  immunities, ecclesiastical, –,  Herman, count of Salm, anti-king, , –, , ‘imperial Church system’, –, , , ,  , , , , –, , , , , intervenientes in diplomas, , , , , , –, –, ,  , , , , , – Herman, count of Werl,  investiture of bishops, , –, , , , , Herman II, duke of Swabia,  n. , , , , , , , , , , Herman II, Lotharingian count palatine,  , , , ; papal prohibition of, Herman I, margrave of Baden,  –, , –, , –, , , , Herman, monk of Reichenau, chronicler, ,  –, , –, , , ; Henrician Herman of Cannae, nephew of Robert Guiscard, defence of, ,  n.,   ‘Investiture Contest’, –, , ,  Herman Billung, count, , , , , , , Isidore of Seville, , ,   iter, royal, , –, , , , , ; imperial, Herrand, bishop of Halberstadt,  n., ,   Hersfeld, abbey, , , , , , , , , , Jewish communities in the Rhineland, –,  , , , , , , ,  n.,  John, abbot of S. Apollonio di Canossa,  n. Hersfeld, anonymous polemicist of, , ,  John I, bishop of Olmütz,  Hezelid family, ,  n.,  John, bishop of Osnabrück,  Hezilo, bishop of Hildesheim, , , , ,  John I, bishop of Speyer, , , , , , Hildebrand, archdeacon, see Gregory VII ,  Hildesheim, annals of,  and n., , , , John II, cardinal bishop of Porto,  ,  John II, cardinal bishop of Velletri, see Benedict X Hildolf, archbishop of Cologne, , , ,  John Comnenus, nephew of Alexius I Comnenus, Hirsau, abbey, , , ,  n. ,  Hochstaden, family,  John of Fécamp, ,  Hohenmölsen, battle of (), , –, , John of Mantua, exegete,  n. , ,  Jordan I, prince of Capua, , , , , , homage, performance by bishops, ; papal ,  prohibition of, , ,  Judith, daughter of Vratislav II of Bohemia,  Homburg, battle of (), , , , , , Judith, wife of Welf IV,  , , , , ,  Judith (Sophia), daughter of Henry III: queen of ‘Honorius II’, antipope, see Cadalus, bishop of Hungary, , , , ; wife of Duke Parma Vladislav-Herman of Poland, ,  Hubert, cardinal bishop of Palestrina, , ,  Hugh I, abbot of Cluny, ,  n.,  n., , Ladislaus I, king of Hungary, , , ,  , –, , , , , , , , Lambert, bishop of Arras,   n., –, ,  Lampert, monk of Hersfeld, chronicler, , , , Hugh, margrave of Este,  , , , , , , , –, , , , , Hugh Candidus, cardinal priest of S. Clemente, , , , , , , , ,  n., , , , , ,  , , , , , , , , , , , Hugo-Ugiccio I, duke of Spoleto,  , , , , , , , , , , Humbert, archbishop of Bremen, ,  , , , , , , , , ; on Humbert, cardinal bishop of Silva Candida, , Henry IV, , , , , , , , , , , , ,  , , , , , ; on Otto of Huzman, bishop of Speyer, , , , ,  Northeim, , , , ,  n.,  Landulf Cotta, Patarine leader,  Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury,  Ida, wife of Thimo of Brehna,  Lechsgemünd-Graisbacher, family of,  idoneitas, Gregorian concept of, ,  Leo VIII, pope,  n.,  n. Imad, bishop of Paderborn, ,  Leo IX, pope, , , , , , , –, , , Imiza, wife of Welf II, ,   Imola, counts of,  Leopold II, margrave of Austria, , , 

 

Leopold III, margrave of Austria, – , , ; rebellion, , , , , , Liber de unitate ecclesiae conservanda, see , , , , –, , , , , Preservation of the Unity of the Church , , , , , , , , , Liemar, archbishop of Bremen, , , , ,  , ,  n., , , , , , , Matilda, wife of the ministerialis Cuno,  , , , , , , , , , Maximilla, daughter of Roger I of Sicily, , ,   Life of Emperor Henry IV, anonymous, , , Mazelin, brother of Liemar of Bremen,  , , , , , , , , , , Mazo, bishop of Verden,  n. , , , ,  Meginward, bishop of Freising, , ,  n., Liupold of Meersburg, knight, adviser of Henry ,  IV, , , , , ,  Meinfried, burgrave of Magdeburg,  Liutgard, daughter of Berthold I of Zähringen, Meinhard, cardinal bishop of Silva Candida,   Meinhard of Bamberg, anti-bishop of Würzburg, Liutizi, Slav confederation, , , , , , , , , , , ,  , , ,  Meinward, abbot of Reichenau, , ,  Liutold of Eppenstein, duke of Carinthia and Meissen, march of, , , , , , , , margrave of Verona, , , , , , , , ,  , ,  Mellrichstadt, battle of (), –, , , , Liutpold, archbishop of Mainz, ,  , , ,  Lorsch, abbey of, , , ,  ministeriales (unfree knights), –, , , , , Lothar, count of Supplinburg (Emperor Lothar , , , , –,  III), ,  n.,  n. Monte Cassino, abbey, , , ,  Louis, count of Montbéliard,  n. Monte Cassino chronicle, ,  Lower Lusatia, march of, , , , ,  Moosburg, family, ,  Luder-Udo I, count of Stade, margrave of the Moricho, royal adviser,  n. Saxon Nordmark,  Ludwig ‘the Leaper’, Thuringian count, ,  Nicholas II, pope, , –, –, , ,  Lüneburg, fortress of, , , , ,  Niederaltaich, abbey, ,  Luxemburg, family of, , ,  Niederaltaich chronicle, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  Maginulf, archpriest of S. Angelo, antipope Nordhausen, synod of (), –,  ‘Silvester IV’,  Northeim, family, , , , , , ,  Magnus Billung, duke of Saxony, , , , , Nortpert, bishop of Chur,  , , ,  n., , , ,  n.,  Obodrite Slavs,  maiestas, concept of, ,  Oddo, bishop of Asti,  n. Mainz, council of (), , , , , Odo I, cardinal bishop of Ostia, see Urban II –,  Ogerius, bishop of Ivrea,  Mainz, synod of (), –, , , , , Olmütz, bishopric of,  ,  Oppenheim, Promise of, , –, , , , Malmédy, abbey of, , ,  ,  Manasses II, archbishop of Rheims,  Ordulf Billung, duke of Saxony, , , , , , Manasses, bishop of Cambrai (papalist),   n. Manegold, count of Veringen,  Otakars, family,  Manegold of Lautenbach, polemicist,  n.,  Otbert, bishop of Liège, , , , , , n.,  ,  Manfred, count of Padua,  Otbert, margrave in Italy,  margrave, oﬃce of, – Otnand, ministerialis,  Markward, bishop of Osnabrück,  n. Otto I, bishop of Bamberg, , , , ,  Markward IV, count of Eppenstein,  n., ,  Matilda, daughter of Henry III, , ,  Otto, bishop of Constance, ,  n.,  Matilda, margravine of Tuscany, , , , , Otto, bishop of Freising, historian, , , 

Index 

Otto, bishop of Regensburg,  n.,  n., , Rabbodi, royal adviser, , , , ,   Rainald, bishop of Como, , ,  Otto, bishop of Strasbourg, ,  Rainer II, margrave of Fermo, duke of Spoleto,  Otto, count of Kastl-Habsberg,  Rangerius, bishop of Lucca, historian,  Otto, count of Northeim, duke of Bavaria: in the Rapoto IV, count of Cham, , ,  service of the crown, , , , , , , , Rapoto of Cham and Vohburg, Bavarian count –, , , , , , , , , ; palatine, , , , , , ,  rebellion, –, , , , , –, , , Rapotones, family,  , , , , , , , , , , , , Regenger, royal adviser, , ,  , ,  n., , , , , , Regensburg chronicle, ,  , , , , , , , , , , Reichenau, abbey, , , , ,   Rheinfelden, family, , , , ,  Otto, count of Savoy, ,  Richard, cardinal bishop of Albano, ,  n., Otto, count of Weimar-Orlamünde, margrave of ,  Meissen, , –, ,  Richard of Aversa, prince of Capua, , , , , Otto I, emperor, , , ,  n.,  , – Otto II, emperor, , ,  Richer, bishop of Verdun,  Otto III, emperor, , , ,  n., ,  Richenza, wife of Otto of Northeim, ,  n., Otto, half-brother of William, margrave of the  Saxon Nordmark, – Richwara, wife of Berthold, duke of Carinthia,  Otto-William, count of Burgundy,  Robert, bishop of Faenza,  Robert I, count of Flanders,  Papal Election Decree (), –, , , , , Robert II, count of Flanders, , , , , , , , , ,  n.  Paschal II, pope, , –, , , , , Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia and Calabria, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , –, , ,   Patarini, Milanese, –, , , ,  n. Roger I, count of Sicily,  n.,  ‘patrician of the Romans’, oﬃce of, , , –, Roland, canon of Parma (bishop of Treviso), , , ,   ‘peace of God’, –, , , , , , Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia, anti-king: , –, , ,  in the service of the crown, , –, , , Peter, anti-bishop of Lucca,  , , , , , , , , , , , , Peter, cardinal bishop of Albano, , , , , –, , , , , , , , , , ,  ; rebellion, , , , , , , , Peter, son of Frederick, count of Montbéliard,  –; as anti-king, –, , , , , Peter Damian, cardinal bishop of Ostia, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , –, , , , , , ,  , , , , , , , , , , Petershausen chronicle,  , –, , , , , , , , Petrus Crassus, polemicist, ,  ; Henrician propaganda against,  n., Philip I, king of France, , , , , ,  ,  n., –, ,  Pibo, bishop of Toul, , , –, ,  Rudolf II, king of Burgundy,  Pippin III, king,  Rudolf III, king of Burgundy,  Pleichfeld, battle of (), –, , ,  Rumold, bishop of Constance,  Poppo, bishop of Metz,  Ruotger, count of Bilstein, , ,  Poppo, bishop of Paderborn,  n. Ruothard, archbishop of Mainz, , , , Prague, bishopric of, , , ,  , , , , , , , ,  Praxedis, see Eupraxia-Adelaide Ruozelin, abbot of Fulda,  Preservation of the Unity of the Church, The, Rupert, abbot of Reichenau, , ,  polemic,  n.,  Rupert, bishop of Bamberg, , , , , , Przemyslid, Bohemian ruling dynasty, ,  , ,  n., , , , , , ‘Pseudo-Cyprian’, The Twelve Abuses, ,  , , ,  Pseudo-Isidorean Decretals,  Rupert, bishop of Würzburg,  n., , 

 

Rusticus, nephew of Gregory VII,  Svatabor-Frederick, patriarch of Aquileia,  Rusticus Crescentii, Roman nobleman,  Swein Estrithson, king of Denmark, , 

St Blasien, abbey, , , ,  Tedald, archbishop of Milan, , , , , St Gallen, abbey, ,  n.,   St Maximin, Trier, abbey, , – Tengling-Burghausen-Peilstein, family, – SS. Simon and Jude, Goslar, , , , , , Theoderic, abbot of Petershausen,  , , , ,  n.,  Theoderic, abbot of St Maximin, Trier,  ‘Salian imperial ordo’, – Theoderic, bishop of Verdun, , , , , Salomon, king of Hungary, , , , , ,  , , , , , , ,  Saul, king, , ,  Theoderic, burgrave of Trier,  Savoy-Turin, family, , , ,  Theoderic, cardinal bishop of Albano (Wibertine), Saxon Nordmark,  antipope,  servitium, , ,  Theoderic, count of Holland,  Siegfried I, archbishop of Mainz: in the service of Theoderic II, count of Katlenburg, , , , the crown, , , , , , , –, , , – , , , , , , , , , , , Theoderic III, count of Katlenburg,  , , , , , , , –, , ; Theoderic II, duke of Upper Lotharingia, ,  rebellion, , , , , ,  n., Theoderic, margrave of Lower Lusatia,  ,  n., ,  Theoderic, son of Gero of Brehna, , ,  Siegfried II, bishop of Augsburg, , , ,  Theophanu, empress, ,  Siegfried, canon of Constance,  Thiebald, bishop of Strasbourg, ,  Siegfried, count of Ballenstedt, Lotharingian Thietmar Billung, count,  count palatine, , , , , , ,  Thimo, count of Brehna,  Siegfried III, count of Boyneburg, ,  Thuringian tithes dispute, –, –, , , , Siegfried, serviens,   Sigebert I, count of Saarbrücken,  Tostig, earl of Northumbria,  Sigebert, monk of Gembloux, chronicler, , Tribur-Oppenheim, assembly of (), , , , ,  n.,  –, , , , , , , ,  Sigehard, count of Burghausen, –,  Triumph of St Remaclus, ,  Sigehard, patriarch of Aquileia, ,  n., , ‘truce of God’,  , ,  Tusculani, Roman family, ,  Sigewin, archbishop of Cologne, ,  n., , , , , , ,  Ubald, bishop of Mantua,  simony, , , , , , , , , , Udalric, bishop of Eichstätt,  , , , , , , , , , Udalric, bishop of Padua, , , , ,  , , , , , , , , ,  Udalric, bishop of Passau (Gregorian), ,  Sizzo, count of Schwarzburg-Käfernburg,  Udalric, count of Passau, ,  Song of the Saxon War, , , , , , , , Udalric of Brünn (Przemyslid),  , , ,  Udalric of Eppenstein, abbot of St Gallen, Sophia, wife of Magnus Billung,  patriarch of Aquileia, , , , , , Speyer, cathedral, , , , , , , –, –, , ,  –, , , , , , , , , Udalric of Godesheim, royal adviser, , , , , , ,  , , , ,  Spitignev II, duke of Bohemia, , ,  n. Udalschalk, royal adviser, , , ,  Stablo, abbey, – Udo, archbishop of Trier, , , , , , Staufen, family, ,  –, , , , ,  Stephen, abbot of St James, Liège,  Udo, bishop of Hildesheim,  n.,  n., Stephen, cardinal priest of S. Grisogono,  , , , , , , , ,  Stephen IX, pope, –, –,  n., , , Udo II, count of Stade, margrave of the Saxon  Nordmark, ,  n., , ,  n.,  Steusslingen family, , , ,  Udo III, count of Stade, margrave of the Saxon Suidger, Saxon nobleman,  Nordmark,  n.

Index 

Ugiccio, count in Tuscany,  Wenceslas, abbot of Niederaltaich,  Unwan, archbishop of Bremen,  Wenrich of Trier, bishop of Piacenza, polemicist, Urban II, pope: as Odo I, cardinal bishop of , , ,  Ostia, , , , , –; as pope, Werl, family,  , –, , , , , , , , Werner, archbishop of Magdeburg, , , , , , , , , , ,  –, , , , , ,  n., , ,  Verdun, family, , , , , ,  Werner, bishop of Merseburg, , , , , , vicarius Christi, king as, –,  , , , , , , , ,  Victor II, pope, –, –, , , , , , , n. ,  Werner II, bishop of Strasbourg, , , , , Victor III, pope: as Desiderius, abbot of Monte ,  Cassino, , ; as pope, , , – Werner, count, conﬁdant of Henry IV, ,  Viehbach-Eppensteiner, family,  Werner, count of Habsburg,  Vita Heinrici IV, see Life of Emperor Henry IV Werner, margrave of Ancona, duke of Spoleto, Vitalis Falieri, doge of Venice,  , ,  Vladislav II, duke of Bohemia, king,  Wettin family, , , , , , –,  n. Vladislav-Herman, duke of Poland, ,  Wezilo, archbishop of Mainz, , , , , Volcmar, imperial steward, ,  –, , , ,  Vratislav II, duke of Bohemia, king: as duke, , , Wibert of Parma, archbishop of Ravenna, , , , , , , , , , , antipope Clement III: earlier career, , , , ; as king, –, , , , , , , , , , ; as antipope, , , , ,  , , , , , , , , , , Vsevolod, grand prince of Kiev,  , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Walbruno, bishop of Verona,  , , ,  n., , , , , Walcher, bishop of Cambrai, , , ,  , , , , ,  Walo, abbot of St Arnulf in Worms, anti-bishop Widelo, bishop of Minden, , ,  of Metz, , , ,  Widerad, abbot of Fulda, ,  Walram, bishop of Naumburg, , , ,  Wido, archbishop of Milan,  n. Wido, bishop of Chur,  Walram I, count of Limburg,  Wido, bishop of Ferrara, polemicist, , ,  Walram, son of Henry of Limburg, duke of Lower n. Lotharingia,  Wido, bishop of Osnabrück, polemicist, , , Waltolf, bishop of Padua,  n.,  n.  Weilheimer, family,  Wido II, margrave of Sezze,  Weimar-Orlamünde, family, ,  Widones, family,  Weissenburg annals, ,  Widukind, clerk of Cologne,  Welf family, , , , , , , , , Wigold, bishop of Augsburg (Gregorian),  ,  n.,  Welf II, count, ,  William, abbot of Hirsau,  n., ,  Welf III, duke of Carinthia, margrave of Verona, William, bishop of Utrecht, , , , ,  ,  William, count of Burgundy, , ,  Welf IV, duke of Bavaria, , ; in the service of William, count of Luxemburg, ,  the crown, , , , , , , ; William, count of Weimar-Orlamünde, margrave rebellion, , , , ,  n., , , of Meissen, ,  , , , , , , , , , William V, duke of Aquitaine,  , , , , , , , , , William, margrave of the Saxon Nordmark, , , , , , , , , , , ;  later career, , , , , , , William of Lodersleben, Saxon rebel, ,   William, son of Gero of Brehna, ,  Welf V, duke of Bavaria, , , , , , Winither, abbot of Lorsch, anti-bishop of Worms, , , ,  n. 

 

Winither, bishop of Merseburg,  Wulfhilde, wife of Ordulf Billung,  Wipo, imperial chaplain, ,  Würzburg chronicle,  Wiprecht I, count of Groitzsch, , , , ,  Yaroslav ‘the Wise’, grand prince of Kiev,  witness lists in diplomas,  n., ,  n. Worms, council of (), –, –, , , , , , , , , , , Zacharias, pope, ,   Zähringen, family, , , , , , 