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China's Place in Philology: an Attempt to Show That the Languages of Europe and Asia Have a Common Origin
CHARLES WILLIAM WASON COLLECTION CHINA AND THE CHINESE THE GIFT Of CHARLES WILLIAM WASON CLASS OF IB76 1918 Cornell University Library P 201.E23 China's place in phiiologyian attempt toI iPii 3 1924 023 345 758 CHmi'S PLACE m PHILOLOGY. Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023345758 PLACE IN PHILOLOGY; AN ATTEMPT' TO SHOW THAT THE LANGUAGES OP EUROPE AND ASIA HAVE A COMMON OKIGIIS". BY JOSEPH EDKINS, B.A., of the London Missionary Society, Peking; Honorary Member of the Asiatic Societies of London and Shanghai, and of the Ethnological Society of France, LONDON: TRtJBNEE & CO., 8 aito 60, PATEENOSTER ROV. 1871. All rights reserved. ft WftSffVv PlOl "aitd the whole eaeth was op one langtta&e, and of ONE SPEECH."—Genesis xi. 1. "god hath made of one blood axl nations of men foe to dwell on all the face of the eaeth, and hath detee- MINED the ITMTIS BEFOEE APPOINTED, AND THE BOUNDS OP THEIS HABITATION." ^Acts Xvil. 26. *AW* & ju€V AiQionas fiereKlaOe tij\(J6* i6j/ras, AiOioiras, rol Si^^a SeSafarat effxarot av8p&Vf Ol fiiv ivffofievov Tireplovos, oi S' avdv-rof. Horn. Od. A. 22. TO THE DIRECTORS OF THE LONDON MISSIONAEY SOCIETY, IN EECOGNITION OP THE AID THEY HAVE RENDERED TO EELIGION AND USEFUL LEAENINO, BY THE RESEARCHES OP THEIR MISSIONARIES INTO THE LANGUAOES, PHILOSOPHY, CUSTOMS, AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS, OP VARIOUS HEATHEN NATIONS, ESPECIALLY IN AFRICA, POLYNESIA, INDIA, AND CHINA, t THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED. -
Title the Kilen Language of Manchuria
The Kilen language of Manchuria: grammar of amoribund Title Tungusic language Author(s) Zhang, Paiyu.; 张派予. Citation Issue Date 2013 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/181880 The author retains all proprietary rights, (such as patent Rights rights) and the right to use in future works. ! ! ! THE KILEN LANGUAGE OF MANCHURIA: GRAMMAR OF A MORIBUND TUNGUSIC LANGUAGE ZHANG PAIYU Ph.D. THESIS UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG February 2013 Abstract of thesis entitled The Kilen Language of Manchuria: Grammar of a moribund Tungusic language Submitted by Zhang Paiyu For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in February 2013 This thesis is the first comprehensive reference grammar of Kilen, a lesser known and little studied language of the Tungusic Family. At present, Kilen is a moribund language with less than 10 bilingual speakers in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province of P.R.China. Since the language does not have a writing system, the examples are provided in IPA transcription with morpheme tagging. This thesis is divided into eight chapters. Chapter 1 states the background information of Kilen language in terms of Ethnology, Migration and Language Contact. Beginning from Chapter 2, the language is described in the aspects of Phonology, Morphology and Syntax. This thesis is mainly concerned with morphosyntactic aspects of Kilen. Chapters 6-8 provide a portrait of Kilen syntactic organization. The sources for this description include the work of You Zhixian (1989), which documents oral literature originally recorded by You himself, a fluent Kilen native speaker; example sentences drawn from previous linguistic descriptions, mainly those of An (1985) and You & Fu (1987); author’s field records and personal consultation data recorded and transcribed by the author and Wu Mingxiang, one of the last fluent native speakers. -
24 1 10125 66675 Gorelova.Pdf
Reading in a Foreign Language April 2012, Volume 24, No. 1 ISSN 1539-0578 pp. 124–129 Reviewed work: Manchu: A Textbook for Reading Documents (2nd ed.). (2010). Gertrude Roth Li. University of Hawai‘i Press. Pp. 419+xi. ISBN: 9780980045956. (paperback) $36.00. Reviewed by Liliya M. Gorelova Institute for Oriental Studies Russian Academy of Sciences Russia; University of Auckland New Zealand http://nflrc.hawaii.edu The first edition of the Textbook for reading Manchu documents in English by Dr. Gertraude Roth Li was long overdue. Indeed, the previous Manchu textbook in English was written by von P.G. Möllendorf in 1892; since then Manchu Studies have advanced significantly, but no new textbooks in English have appeared. In the last century, however, the extralinguistic situation changed radically. The Manchu language—with several exceptions—went out of use, and only a handful of specialists worldwide can now read and translate original Manchu documents written in Classical (Standard) Manchu. Even fewer, and these few include Dr. Roth Li, can understand texts written in Old Manchu, which is based on the Mongolian syllabic alphabet. Most of the pre- 1644 Manchu documents were written in this old script, which was in use until the Manchu scholar Dahai essentially improved it. With the help of special diacritic signs, dots and circles, Dahai (1632) encoded every Manchu sound by a separate letter. Dr. Roth Li is a leading expert in both versions of Manchu, her English translations from Manchu are precise and her explanations comprehensive. As is well-known, the Manchu Qing dynasty—after ruling China for more than 250 years (1644– 1911)—left numerous official documents that can shed light on the history of China, the relations of this long-lived state with other nations and regions, and the history of Central and Eastern Asia in general. -
EAS Handbook 2019-20
East Asian Studies Harvard University The Concentration in East Asian Studies in the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations A Guide for Undergraduates 2019-20 Contact Information for Undergraduate Program in East Asian Studies [email protected] / 617-495-8365 Director of Undergraduate Studies Professor Ryuichi Abe 2 Divinity Ave # 130b [email protected] 617-495-4305 Nicole Escolas Undergraduate Coordinator 9 Kirkland Place [email protected] 617-495-8365 Naia Poyer Program Assistant 9 Kirkland Place [email protected] Dominic Toscano Assistant Director of Undergraduate Studies for Freshmen and Sophomores 9 Kirkland Place [email protected] Joo-hyeon Oh Assistant Director of Undergraduate Studies for Juniors 9 Kirkland Place [email protected] Benjamin Gallant Assistant Director of Undergraduate Studies for Seniors 9 Kirkland Place [email protected] 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………….…….…..4 2. CONCENTRATING IN EAST ASIAN STUDIES: GENERAL INFORMATION……..6 Language Study…………………………………………………………………….6 Tutorials……………………………………………………………………………6 Area Courses………………………………………………………………….……...7 3. CONCENTRATION REQUIREMENTS………………………………………………...7 Requirements, Class of 2014 and beyond…………………………………………...8 EAS as a Secondary Concentration Requirements………………………………….11 Joint Honors in East Asian History……………………………………………….12 EAS Senior Thesis………………………………………………………………...13 East Asian Studies (Secondary Field)………………………………………...……...19 4. LANGUAGE PROGRAMS……………………………………………………………...21 Chinese Language -
The Socio-Cultural Image of Tuvan Officialdom in the XIX and XX Centuries
Opción, Año 34, Especial No.15 (2018): 1650-1686 ISSN 1012-1587/ISSNe: 2477-9385 The socio-cultural image of Tuvan officialdom in the XIX and XX centuries Elena Aiyzhy1 1Tuvan State University, 667000, ul. Lenina, 36, Kyzyl, The Republic of Tuva, Russia [email protected] Salimaa Khovalyg2 2Tuvan State University, 667000, ul. Lenina, 36, Kyzyl, The Republic of Tuva, Russia [email protected] Abstract The purpose of the article is to study the socio-cultural image of Tuvan officialdom in the late XIX and early XX centuries. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historicism, objectivism, and an integrated approach. As a result, since it is known that the effective functioning of the system of state power primarily depends on the people who carry out administrative activities, it is necessary to reconstruct the socio-cultural image of Tuvan officials. Analyzing the socio-cultural image of Tuvan officialdom, it can be concluded that a special social group has been formed in traditional Tuvan society. Keywords: administrative, state, society, jiangjun, ambyn- noyon. Recibido: 04-12--2017 Aceptado: 10-03-2018 1651 Elena Aiyzhy and Salimaa Khovalyg Opción, Año 34, Especial No.15(2018):1650-1686 La imagen sociocultural de la burocracia de Tuvan en los siglos XIX y XX Resumen El propósito del artículo es estudiar la imagen sociocultural de la burocracia de Tuvan a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX. La base metodológica del estudio son los principios del historicismo, el objetivismo y un enfoque integrado. Como resultado, dado que se sabe que el funcionamiento efectivo del sistema de poder estatal depende principalmente de las personas que llevan a cabo actividades administrativas, es necesario reconstruir la imagen sociocultural de los funcionarios de Tuvan. -
Taeho Jang, Kyungsuk Lim, and Thomas Payne Handong University and University of Oregon
Xibe Language Revitalization and Documentation Project Taeho Jang, Kyungsuk Lim, and Thomas Payne Handong University and University of Oregon INTRODUCTION SELECTED RESULTS TO DATE CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE Xibe (also Romanized as Sibo, Xibo, and Sibe) is a Manchu-Tungus language In a large corpus of oral folkloric narratives, Xibe exhibits four grammatically DIRECTIONS spoken by approximately 40,000 individuals in Northwestern China (Xinjiang Uygur distinct dependent clause constructions: 1) Action nominalizations 2) participial [Uighur] Autonomous Region), and is one of the 56 recognized ethnic minorities in clauses, 3) converbal clauses and 4) "semi-final" clauses. The study concludes that Though no language will survive unless speakers themselves want it to, China. Xibe of Xinjiang is the only currently viable member of the Southwestern even as there is a non-absolute correlation between syntactic form and syntactic descriptive linguistics is an essential component of any program of branch of the Tungusic language family, and is closely related to the nearly extinct function, so there are non-absolute, but discernible, correlations between syntactic language documentation and preservation. The mere existence of a good Manchu language. The Tungusic languages are completely unrelated to the modern form and semantic function. In particular, we find that there is a tendency for the dictionary and grammatical description confers a certain status on a majority language, Chinese. Xibe possesses a rich literature employing a slightly syntactically highly dependent structures (those we term action nominals and language that may have previously been considered to be of little revised version of the Manchu script, as represented in the title bar of this poster. -
Using Toponyms to Analyze the Endangered Manchu Language in Northeast China
sustainability Article Using Toponyms to Analyze the Endangered Manchu Language in Northeast China Zhenhua Zhu ID , Hongyan Zhang *, Jianjun Zhao ID , Xiaoyi Guo ID , Zhengxiang Zhang ID , Yanling Ding and Tao Xiong School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; [email protected] (Z.Z.); [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (X.G.); [email protected] (Z.Z.); [email protected] (Y.D.); [email protected] (T.X.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-431-8509-9550 Received: 12 January 2017; Accepted: 16 February 2018; Published: 24 February 2018 Abstract: UNESCO has classified Manchu in Northeast China as a critically endangered language. Toponyms can act as carriers of languages and can be preserved for a long time. The Manchu language was the national language in the Qing Dynasty, and there are many Manchu place names in Northeast China that serve as “living heritages” that retain traces of ancient local cultures. We studied Manchu and other related ethnic place names in Northeast China by integrating spatial statistical measures using geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze the endangered languages in the region. The objective was to explore not only the distribution of ethnic toponyms within a relevant historical context but also the environmental factors associated with the endangered Manchu languages. This study reveals that the distributions of ethnic groups and languages can be revealed by the Sinification of ethnic toponyms in Northeast China. The evolution of spatial patterns of toponyms shows the interactive process between Manchus and Han Chinese. The Manchu language is endangered by the influences of Han Chinese migrants on the original culture, as reflected by crops and the distances to the nearest roads, which are indicators of farming culture and accessibility. -
National Languages
NATIONAL LANGUAGES KUN CHANG 'National languages' are the non-Chinese languages spoken by the various nationali- ties or ethnic groups in China: in southern China, the Miao-Yao, Li, Kam-Tai, Tibeto-Burman, and Mon-Khmer languages; in northern China, the Altaic and Iranian languages. Since 1951, with the cooperation of the central and local governments, hundreds of field workers, some of them members of the nationalities concerned, have engaged in extensive surveys of more than forty national languages. (Preparation for this work consists in most cases of a brief training program.) By 1960, they had designed alpha- bets for sixteen languages: Miao, Li, Kam, Chuang, Pu-i, Tai, I, Hani, Lisu, Lahu, Nahsi, Chingp'o, K'awa, Mongolian, Uigur, and Kazax. A great effort has been made to translate works on Communism and government documents into these lan- guages. Newspapers have been published in various national languages. Institutes and schools established for the nationalities have textbooks written in their own lan- guages. Linguistic research less practically directed has focused particularly on Chinese borrowings in the national languages. In this article I shall present a chronological account of work done on the national languages from 1951 through 1961, a general bibliography, and brief accounts of some of the individual languages, together with annotated bibliographies of these languages. In view of the number of languages involved and the unevenness of the published material, I can give here only an indication of their genetic relationships and geo- graphical distributions. I shall, further, omit what may be found elsewhere in this volume: Tibetan, the Mongolian of Outer Mongolia, and linguistics in Taiwan are treated in separate chapters; Chinese work on Thai is included in the treatment of linguistics in Thailand. -
Altaic Languages
Altaic Languages Masaryk University Press Reviewed by Ivo T. Budil Václav Blažek in collaboration with Michal Schwarz and Ondřej Srba Altaic Languages History of research, survey, classification and a sketch of comparative grammar Masaryk University Press Brno 2019 Publication financed by the grant No. GA15-12215S of the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR) © 2019 Masaryk University Press ISBN 978-80-210-9321-8 ISBN 978-80-210-9322-5 (online : pdf) https://doi.org/10.5817/CZ.MUNI.M210-9322-2019 5 Analytical Contents 0. Preface .................................................................. 9 1. History of recognition of the Altaic languages ............................... 15 1.1. History of descriptive and comparative research of the Turkic languages ..........15 1.1.1. Beginning of description of the Turkic languages . .15 1.1.2. The beginning of Turkic comparative studies ...........................21 1.1.3. Old Turkic language and script – discovery and development of research .....22 1.1.4. Turkic etymological dictionaries .....................................23 1.1.5. Turkic comparative grammars .......................................24 1.1.6. Syntheses of grammatical descriptions of the Turkic languages .............25 1.2. History of descriptive and comparative research of the Mongolic languages .......28 1.2.0. Bibliographic survey of Mongolic linguistics ...........................28 1.2.1. Beginning of description of the Mongolic languages .....................28 1.2.2. Standard Mongolic grammars and dictionaries ..........................31 1.2.3. Mongolic comparative and etymological dictionaries .....................32 1.2.4. Mongolic comparative grammars and grammatical syntheses...............33 1.3. History of descriptive and comparative research of the Tungusic languages ........33 1.3.0. Bibliographic survey of the Tungusic linguistics.........................33 1.3.1. Beginning of description of the Tungusic languages ......................34 1.3.2. -
Triangulating Filial Piety, Ethnicity, and Nation in Late-Qing China: the Lilac Affair in Zeng Pu’S Niehai Hua
zeng pu’s niehai hua han li Triangulating Filial Piety, Ethnicity, and Nation in Late-Qing China: The Lilac Affair in Zeng Pu’s Niehai hua he extraordinary actions of a particular father and son became a T popular topic of literati writers during late-Qing times and further- more fueled an ongoing intellectual dispute. The father, Gong Zizhen 龔自珍 (1792–1841), was a renowned scholar credited by Liang Qichao 梁啟超 (1873–1929) for having initiated the important late-Qing intel- lectual turn from excessive evidential research to discussions of prag- matic statecraft.1 As we see in this study, various personal records and literary inventions, taken as a whole, make an ambiguous case for his having engaged in a love affair with a Manchu woman, Gu Taiqing 顧 太清 (ca. 1799–1877), who was the consort of a Manchu prince.2 Both parties of the alleged romance were celebrated poets, and it was through poetry that the name “Lilac Affair” (dingxiang an 丁香案) came about. The affair was savored with interest by many at the turn of the twen- tieth century and it garnered numerous details through memoirs and fiction. Yet it was vehemently denied by those who defended Gong’s and Gu’s reputations. 1 Although Liang Qichao criticizes Gong Zizhen’s scholarship as less than profound and his unrestrained writing style distracting, he concludes that Gong contributed to the reorien- tation of intellectual thought during the late-Qing period. According to Liang, most of the so- called “scholars of the New Text School” during the Guangxu reign (1875–1908) worshiped Gong Zizhen, a phenomenon satirized later in a chapter of Niehai hua. -
The Mausoleum of Emperor Tang Taizong
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 187 April, 2009 Zhaoling: The Mausoleum of Emperor Tang Taizong by Xiuqin Zhou Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series edited by Victor H. Mair. The purpose of the series is to make available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including Romanized Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. The only style-sheet we honor is that of consistency. Where possible, we prefer the usages of the Journal of Asian Studies. Sinographs (hanzi, also called tetragraphs [fangkuaizi]) and other unusual symbols should be kept to an absolute minimum. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. -
General Li Jing'in Askerî Düşüncesi Ve Doğu Göktürk Kağanlığı'nın Çöküşü
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı GENERAL LI JING’İN ASKERÎ DÜŞÜNCESİ VE DOĞU GÖKTÜRK KAĞANLIĞI’NIN ÇÖKÜŞÜ Hayrettin İhsan ERKOÇ Doktora Tezi Ankara, 2015 GENERAL LI JING’İN ASKERÎ DÜŞÜNCESİ VE DOĞU GÖKTÜRK KAĞANLIĞI’NIN ÇÖKÜŞÜ Hayrettin İhsan ERKOÇ Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi Ankara, 2015 iii TEŞEKKÜR Doktora tez çalışmam boyunca çalışmamı yakından takip ederek her türlü yardımı ve desteği sağlayan tez danışmanım Doç. Dr. Erkin Ekrem’e, yine tez çalışmam boyunca değerli katkılarıyla ve önerileriyle tezimi zenginleştiren Prof. Dr. Ali Merthan Dündar’a ve Prof. Dr. Yunus Koç’a, tez savunma sınavımda kıymetli düşünceleriyle tezime katkıda bulunan Prof. Dr. Saadettin Yağmur Gömeç’e ve Prof. Dr. Mehmet Özden’e teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Çalışmakta olduğum Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen- Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü’nün tüm akademik personeline doktora tez çalışmam boyunca bana çeşitli kolaylıklar sağladıkları için teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca hayatımın en büyük maddî-manevî destekçileri olan babama ve anneme de en derin şükranlarımı sunmayı bir borç bilirim. iv ÖZET ERKOÇ, Hayrettin İhsan. General Li Jing’in Askerî Düşüncesi ve Doğu Göktürk Kağanlığı’nın Çöküşü, Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 2015. Göktürk Kağanlığı 552’de kurulduktan sonra 583 yılında ikiye bölünmüştür. Doğu Göktürk Kağanlığı da 627’den itibaren yaşadığı bir dizi felaketin ardından 630 yılında Çin’deki Tang 唐 Hanedanı tarafından yıkılmıştır. Kağanlığın yıkılmasının ekolojik, ekonomik ve siyasî sebepleri vardır. Yaşanan sert kışlar ve askerî masraflar yüzünden ekonomi bozulmuş, ağır vergilendirmeler yüzünden kağanlığa bağlı konar-göçer boylar ayaklanmışlardır. Göktürk hükümdarı İllig Ḳaġan’ın (Xie-li Ke-han 頡利可汗) devlet yönetiminde Soğdlular ve Çinliler gibi yabancılara daha ağırlık vermesi, kağanlığın kurucu unsuru olan Göktürk beylerinin tepkisini çekmiştir.