Electrical and Computer Engineering
R. E. Blahut, Head S. G. Bishop, S. A. Hutchinson, Associate Heads Faculty and Their Interests 155 William L. Everitt Laboratory Ilesanmi Adesida 1406 W. Green St. Electronic and transport properties of ultra-low MC-702 dimensional semiconductor structures, advanced Urbana, IL 61801-2991 processing methods for electronic devices, high-speed 217-333-2300 optoelectronic devices and integrated circuits, radiation http://www.ece.uiuc.edu/ effects Research in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering serves two main purposes. The generation of Narendra Ahuja new fundamental knowledge is a primary function. Of Computer vision, robotics, image processing, sensors, equal importance is the education of graduate students who pattern recognition, virtual environments, intelligent participate in research and contribute to the advancement interfaces of knowledge through their thesis research. The research programs described here provide facilities and support for Jont Allen graduate students and enable them to pursue their advanced Speech recognition based on the articulation index and study. aspects of information theory, bioacoustics, circuits, Another important function of research is the communications, electromagnetics, signal and image continuing development of the faculty members. A processing forward-looking undergraduate program depends upon the existence of a strong graduate program and the presence of Tangul Basar excellent faculty members who are leaders in their Optimum transmitter-receiver design in communication respective fields. systems, spread spectrum communication system, Research in electrical and computer engineering at the jamming problems in information transmission, minima University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign encompasses stochastic optimization problems with applications in a broad spectrum of areas that reflect the wide range of communication systems, mobile radio systems interest and expertise of the faculty, as illustrated by the number and diversity of the research projects denoted in Tamer Basar the following pages. Almost all of the faculty members in Information technology research; control over wired and the department are engaged in research and many conduct wireless networks; robust identification and control; research in interdisciplinary programs and hold joint dynamic games and stochastic teams; nonlinear and appointments in other departments and interdisciplinary adaptive robust control; decentralized detection and laboratories. More than 550 graduate students and many estimation; routing, pricing, and congestion control; undergraduates assist in this research effort. modeling and control of communication networks; mobile Support for this research is provided by contracts and computing; incentive mechanisms through pricing; neural grants from several agencies of the federal government as networks-based identification and control; applications of well as from industrial sources. Other departments and control and game theory in economics laboratories in which the department's faculty hold affiliate status and are engaged in interdisciplinary research include James Beauchamp, Emeritus Bioengineering; Computer Science; General Engineering; Use of computers for music synthesis, determination of Materials Science and Engineering; Nuclear, Plasma, and sound synthesis models based on spectral analysis of Radiological Engineering; Physics; the Coordinated musical instrument sounds, musical timbre perception, Science Laboratory; the Frederick Seitz Materials detection of musical pitch, musical sound source Research Laboratory; the Micro and Nanotechnology separation, and automatic transcription from acoustic Laboratory; and the Beckman Institute for Advanced recordings Science and Technology.
1 Jennifer Bernhard Scott Carney Reconfigurable active and passive antennas, phased array Optical physics, including imaging, near-field microscopy, antennas, wireless sensor systems classical and quantum coherence theory, beam propagation, fundamental issues of energy conservation, Stephen G. Bishop mathematical methods in inverse scattering and the Optical and electrical characterization of crystalline and propagation of light amorphous semiconductors and semiconductor nanostructures, compound semiconductors (GaAs, InP, Nicholas Carter AlGaAs, ZnSe, SiC), defects in semiconductors, Architectures that combine programmable processors and isoelectronic defects, rare earth-doped chalcogenide reconfigurable logic, computing using nanotech devices, glasses and GaN. Experimental techniques, including design techniques to integrate computation and sensing photoluminescence, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, magneto-optics, photoemission, infrared Patrick Chapman spectroscopy Power electronics, electric drives, vibrations in electromechanical systems, monolithic integrated power Richard Blahut circuits, numerical magnetic modeling, biomechanical Communications, signal processing, information theory, energy conversion optical recording Deming Chen Stephen Boppart Synthesis and architecture exploration for programmable Optical biomedical imaging, molecular imaging, lasers in logic devices, design space exploration for system-on-chip medicine and biology, optical coherence tomography, and imbedded systems, compilation and high-level image-guided surgery, medical engineering, optical synthesis for ASICs and customized processors, diagnostics of cancer microprocessor architecture design under process variation, algorithmic design and applications, 3-D FPGA Yoram Bresler with nanotechnology Biomedical imaging systems; statistical signal and image processing; inverse problems; statistical pattern Keh-Yung Cheng recognition; sensor-array processing Molecular beam epitaxy technology, optoelectronic integrated circuits, high speed devices, in situ fabrication Donna J. Brown of nanostructures, quantum wire lasers, vertical cavity Asynchronous learning technologies and environments; surface emitting lasers, Sb-based IR detectors and WWW-based education; VLSI placement and routing; electronic devices parallel and distributed algorithms and architectures; analysis and design of algorithms, with a particular interest Weng C. Chew in approximation algorithms; graph theory Electromagnetics: wave propagation in inhomogeneous media, microwave integrated circuits, microstrip antennas, Marie-Christine Brunet and fast algorithms for radiation scattering, low frequency Numerical algorithms, parallel computing electromagnetics, and layered media; parallelization of fast algorithms; inverse scattering, imaging, and physics-based Andreas Cangellaris signal processing Numerical techniques for electromagnetic modeling and simulation, microwave circuit design, speed VLSI Yun Chiu interconnects, electronic packaging, electromagnetic Integrated circuits, VLSI signal processing, device computer-aided design for high-speed digital and RF/ modeling and CAD, wire-line and wireless microwave electronics, antenna modeling, optoelectronic communications interconnects, electromagnetic modeling for nonlinear optics
2 Hyungsoo Choi J. Gary Eden Precursors for nanoscale materials synthesis, including Ultraviolet and visible lasers and laser spectroscopy, syntheses and development of tailored organometallic, microcavity plasma devices and arrays, micro- and inorganic, and polymeric precursors; thin film and nanophotonic resonators; optical physics, including nanoparticle fabrication, including thin films, micro- and femtosecond laser spectroscopy and technology, and the nanoparticles, and nanowires/tubes via sol-gel processing, interaction of intense optical fields with matter, laser charged liquid cluster beam (CLCB) deposition, chemical magnetometry vapor deposition (CVD), chemical solution deposition (CSD), and precision particle fabrication (PPF) Milton Feng technology; electronic and optical materials, including High-speed devices and ICs for wireless and light emitting fabrication of electronic, optical, and magnetic materials transistors for optoelectronics (optoelectronic IC), for various devices involving thin films, micro- and monolithic microwave and millimeter-wave IC, digital IC, nanoparticles, nanowires/tubes of metals, metal nitrides high field transport properties, RF-MEMS for wireless and oxides utilizing their electronic, optical, communications, advanced Si-CMOS device physics optoelectronic, and magnetic properties; bimaterials, including fabrication of micro- and nanospheres/capsules Matthew Frank of biodegradable/compatible materials for advances drug Computer system architecture, parallel computing, delivery and tissue engineering program analysis, concurrency control, online algorithms
Kent Choquette Patricia Franke Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), micro- Atmospheric dynamics, including the dynamics and and nanocavity lasers, optoelectronic devices, selective thermodynamics of the upper atmosphere through data oxidation of compound semiconductors, hybrid analysis of radar and lidar data and through the numerical heterogenous integration, nanoprocessing fabrication, simulations of different types of flow; radar and optical photonic crystal materials, Si-based optoelectronics remote sensing of the upper atmosphere; computational electromagnetics, application of finite difference time Shun L. Chuang domain techniques to the problems of radar backscatter Optoelectronics, semiconductor lasers, modulators, from turbulent regions of the neutral atmosphere and the photodetectors, photonics, quantum electronics, fiber ionosphere and application of different numerical methods optical sensors, electromagnetics and parallel computing for computationally demanding problems; computational fluid dynamics James J. Coleman Semiconductor lasers, optoelectronics, epitaxial growth Steven J. Franke Development and application of radar and signal Todd P. Coleman processing techniques for remote sensing in the middle and Wireless networks, information theory, operations, upper atmosphere; application of tomographic imaging to research, computational neuroscience the middle and upper atmosphere using arrays of ground- based sensors and low-earth orbit satellites; low-power Brian Cunningham wireless RF communications; high efficiency linear power Nanotechnology, photonic crystals, biosensors, micro/ amplifiers for RF communications and radar applications nanofabrication methods and materials detection instrumentation Leon A. Frizzell, Emeritus Ultrasonic biophysics, ultrasonic bioengineering Minh Do Image and multidimensional signal processing, wavelets, Chester S. Gardner imaging, multiscale geometric analysis, visual information Optical communication, laser altimetry, laser remote representation sensing and ranging, laser guide stars, adaptive optics
3 George Gross Thomas S. Huang Electricity planning and analysis, power system Image processing, image compression, computer vision, operations, competitive electricity markets and auction human computer interaction, image and video databases mechanisms, transmission services and pricing, ancillary services, congestions management, reliability and security, Seth Hutchinson energy policy and economics, restructuring of the Robotics, computer vision, artificial intelligence electricity business Wen-Mei Hwu Christoforos Hadjicostis Architecture, compilation, and microarchitecture of high Systems and control, error control coding, fault diagnosis performance parallel computer systems and tolerance in dynamic systems, testing and verification, discrete event systems, algebraic systems, coding and Ravishankar K. Iyer graph theory Design and evaluation of reliable and secure networks and systems, computer measurement and modeling, Bruce Hajek dependability and security validation and benchmarking Communication networks information theory, computer networks stochastic analysis, optimization wireless Kanti Jain communication Microelectronic, optoelectronic, microsystem and biophotonic devices; novel micro and nanofabrication Lippold Haken technologies Analysis, synthesis, and processing of musical sounds, real-time computer music systems, music notation and Jianming Jin representation, music technology for the blind Computational electromagnetics, finite element methods, electromagnetic analysis and design in magnetic resonance Mark Hasegawa-Johnson imaging, wave scattering and propagation, Acoustic phonetics, audio signal processing and speech electromagnetic interference and compatibility, recognition, speech and auditory physiology microwave and millimeter wave circuits, antennas and electromagnetic theory Karl Hess, Emeritus Hot carriers in semiconductors, electronic transport in Douglas L. Jones heterojunction structures and superlattices, numerical Digital signal processing, time-varying and time- simulation of semiconductor devices (supercomputing frequency analysis, signal processing for communications, applications), quantum transport in mesoscopic systems, binaural hearing aids, signal processing for MEMS laser diode simulation, molecular and electron nanostructures, theory and simulation, deuterium Farzad Kamalabadi processing and MOS reliability, quantum computing, Remote sensing and imaging, multidimensional signal and theorem of Bell image processing, signal reconstruction and tomography, ionospheric and space physics Nick Holonyak, Jr. Semiconductors, semiconductor device physics, semiconductor crystal growth and junction formation, diffused Si devices, SCRs, TRIACs, double injection, luminescence, light emitting diodes (LEDs), heterojunctions, lasers, tunnel diodes, compound semiconductors, quantum well heterostructures, superlattices, quantum well lasers, impurity-induced layer disordering, Al-based III-V native oxides and their use in heterostructures devices
Kuang C. Hsieh Semiconductor materials/devices processing and characterization
4 Kyekyoon (Kevin) Kim Xiuling Li Growth of GaN-based compound semiconductors and Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), fabrication of optoelectronic and electronic devices using selective area epitaxy, novel semiconductor plasma-assisted MBE; plasma-arc-driven electromagnetic nanostructures, III-V semiconductor optoelectronic railgun for fueling of plasma devices; charged liquid devices cluster beam generation and application to thin film deposition, micropattern generation, and nanoparticle Zhi-Pei Liang fabrication; generation of solid and hollow, charged and Magnetic resonance imaging, pattern recognition, neutral, monodisperse, micro- and nanospheres for statistical learning, bioinformatics biomedical and other applications; plasma display panels; development of novel thin film deposition techniques Daniel Liberzon using plasmas, charged particles, electrostatic spraying, Nonlinear control theory, analysis and synthesis of hybrid and their combinations with other techniques; MEMS and dynamical systems, systems with imprecise measurements sensors; ionized source (cluster) beam deposition for low- and/or modeling uncertainty, stochastic differential temperature growth of high-quality films; inertial equations and control confinement fusion targets Chang Liu Ralf Koetter MEMS, microsensors, microintegrated fluidics systems, Practical and theoretical aspects of coding theory, MEMS for nanotechnology, wireless interface for sensors, complexity, algorithms, communication systems, sensitive skin networks Michael C. Loui Philip T. Krein Computational complexity theory, ethics in engineering Power electronics, electric machinery and and computing, scholarship of teaching and learning electromechanics, electric and hybrid vehicle systems Steven Lumetta Erhan Kudeki Optical network architecture, computer architecture, Radar remote sensing; atmospheric winds, waves, and cluster computing, parallel computing, user-level turbulence; ionospheric plasma instabilities; incoherent communication, validation and reliability scatter electric field measurements; midlatitude field aligned irregularities and meteor trails Joseph W. Lyding Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, STM- P. R. Kumar based nanolithography and nanofabrication, silicon-based Wireless networks, sensor networks, convergence of molecular electronics, carbon nanotubes and carbon-based control, communication and computation, semiconductor nanotechnology merged with silicon, growth of 3-D silicon manufacturing, manufacturing systems, machine learning, nanostructures, deuterium processing and hot electron adaptive systems, control, stochastic systems degradation in semiconductor devices, atomically precise dopant mapping, cross-sectional STM of semiconductor Jean-Pierre Leburton heterostructures, oxide silicon interface mapping, carbon Theory of semiconductor devices, modeling and nanotube purification simulation of nanostructures, electronic and optical properties of heterostructures and low dimensional Yi Ma systems, transport in quantum structures, electronic Computer vision, including multiple view geometry, properties, charging effects in quantum dots and structure from motion, dynamic vision, real-time tracking, nanocrystals, spin effects in nanostructures, quantum and active vision; systems theory, including geometric computation and quantum information processing, nano- nonlinear control, hybrid systems, vision-based robotic bio-electronics control and navigation
Stephen Levinson Speech processing, language acquisition, natural language understanding, speech synthesis
5 Jonathan Makela Janak H. Patel Ionospheric physics, especially irregularities at low- and VLSI testing and testability, VLSI design automation mid-latitudes and their effects on trans-ionospheric satellite signals, response of the Earth's ionosphere to William R. Perkins, Emeritus geomagnetic storms; optical and radio remote sensing Control systems, system theory, sensitivity theory and techniques from ground- and satellite-based platforms robust control, large-scale dynamic systems
Sean Meyn Constantine D. Polychronopoulos Optimal control, Markov processes (with or without Parallelizing/optimizing compilers for multithreaded control), stochastic approximation and adaptive control, architectures, program restructuring and optimization; reinforcement learning and simulation, spectral theory and code generation and optimization for superscalar large deviations, information theory, stochastic networks processors; parallel programming languages; environments for parallel programming; partitioning, Pierre Moulin scheduling, and run-time environments for parallel Image and video processing, compression, statistical signal computers; multiprocessor operating systems with processing, information hiding, information theory multithreading support; parallel computer architectures; performance evaluation of parallel architectures David Nicol Cyber-security, modeling and analysis of computer and N. N. Rao communications systems, high performance simulation, Ionospheric propagation, radiolocation parallel processing Umberto Ravaioli Burks Oakley II Monte Carlo simulation of high speed electronic devices; Applications of computer-aided learning in the numerical methods for semiconductor device simulation; undergraduate engineering curriculum quantum devices; supercomputation and visualization; reliability of MOS devices; micro- and nano-electro- William D. O'Brien, Jr. mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS); charge transport Ultrasonic biophysics and bioeffects, acoustic microscopy, in biological systems (ionic channels); properties of carbon ultrasonic bioengineering, ultrasonic dosimetry, ultrasonic nanotubes tissue characterization, acoustic imaging techniques Elyse Rosenbaum Michael L. Oelze Design of ESD-protected RFICs, modeling and simulation Ultrasound, including backscatter microscopy, of ESD protection circuits, silicon-on-insulator, design of quantitative imaging, computed tomography; use of very high speed I/Os, gate oxide reliability ultrasound for cancer diagnosis and therapy; bioeffects of ultrasound; sonoporation; coded excitation and ultrasound William Sanders Dependability, security, and performance evaluation; Thomas Overbye intrusion- and fault-tolerant systems; reliable and secure Power systems operation and control, power system distributed systems stability, power system analysis by computer methods, power system visualization Dilip V. Sarwate Communications Mangalore A. Pai, Emeritus Power system stability, dynamic security of power Peter W. Sauer systems, model reduction in power systems, iterative Electric machinery modeling, analysis and control, power solver techniques in power system computations, voltage system dynamic modeling and simulation, power system stability, impact of distributed generation in power systems stability
Sanjay Patel Computer architecture, microarchitecture, high- performance and reliable computer systems, the implications of future generation applications and implementation technologies on systems design
6 Jose Schutt-Aine Gregory Timp Electronic packaging, microwave theory and Nanoelectronics, including fabrication, development, and measurements, and digital circuit modeling, including characterization of the performance of silicon MOS integration of modeling and simulation tools, high- nanotransistors to discover the fundamental limitations of performance computation for simulation of packages, the silicon MOSFET; nanobiotechnology, including applications of V-shaped transmission lines nanometer-scale lithography used to probe biological function and study molecular transport through nanopores; Naresh Shanbhag synthetic nanopore sensors for rapidly and inexpensively Design and VLSI implementation of low-power, high- sequencing DNA; laser-guided assembly, including arrays performance multimedia digital signal processing and of optical traps to assemble nanosystems. communications systems, noise-tolerant deep submicron VLSI systems, fundamental bounds on efficiency of VLSI Timothy N. Trick, Emeritus information processing systems, power-aware Computer-aided analysis and design of circuits, computer- reconfigurable DSP systems, low-power DSP and circuits, based education DSP and communication system design, digital ASIC design John Tucker Metal silicide source/drain MOS transistors at ~10nm gate Yoshihisa Shinagawa length, atom-scale electron devices made by STM Computer graphics, vision, and its applications patterning of donors in silicon, nanoscale architectures
Andrew Singer Nitin Vaidya Statistical signal processing, communications, machine Wireless networking, mobile computing, fault-tolerant learning, data compression, sonar/lidar/optical signal computing processing Venu Veeravalli Mark W. Spong Sensor networks, wireless communication, detection and Nonlinear control theory, robotics, mechatronics, estimation theory, information theory networked control systems, teleoperation, bipedal locomotion Pramod Viswanath Communication theory, wireless communication, Richard W. Sproat information theory, communication networks Computational linguistics, speech technology, linguistics, writing systems, psycholinguistics Benjamin W. Wah Nonlinear optimization, parallel processing, distributed Rayadurgam Srikant processing, artificial intelligence, computer networks, Internet, wireless networks, sensor networks, game theory, multimedia signal processing queueuing theory, information theory Andrew Webb Gary Swenson RF coil design, functional imaging agents, magnetic Remote sensing of the atmosphere from ground-based, resonance microcoils, thermal mapping using MRI, aircraft, and spacecraft using optical methods; space functional magnetic resonance imaging environment issues with a particular emphasis on spacecraft glows Bruce C. Wheeler Analysis of multichannel neural signals, microminiature sensors for neural recording, algorithms for enhanced hearing aids, patterned growth of neurons
Martin Wong Computer-aided design of VLSI, design for manufacturing, routing for high-speed packaging, field- programmable systems, design and analysis of algorithms, combinatorial optimization
7 Jianhua (David) Zhang Globally Coordinated Locally Linear Models Lasers and laser spectroscopy, electromagnetics, plasma N. Ahuja,* H. Arora, A. Briassouli diagnostics, optics, cryogenics, electric and electronic [email protected] circuits Office of Naval Research This project is aimed at modeling spatiotemporal Advanced Automation variations in video sequences such as variations in raw color values, as well as certain functions computed on these Acquisition, Compression and Interpolation of values. Since an arbitrary scene consists of distinct objects Panoramic Stereo Images of a Scene for Remote occupying different parts at different times, making video Walkthroughs sequences nonstationary, the goal is local rather than global N. Ahuja,* Y. Shinagawa,* M. Maitre, A. Jagmohan spatiotemporal modeling. The applicability of the models [email protected] being developed extends beyond video, to a variety of National Science Foundation, ECS 02-25523 multivariate, multidimensional data encountered in everyday life. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Machine Vision for Improved Safety Inspection of This project is aimed at producing novel images of a scene Railcars from arbitrary new viewpoints using a sparse set of N. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* A. Kumar panoramic snapshots or sample images of the scene. The [email protected] samples are taken from a relatively small number of Transportation Research Board strategically placed cameras. A major application and evaluation testbed of the proposed work is to enable It is vital to rail safety to ensure that critical mechanical walkthroughs of a 3-D scene by generating the images of components are in good working order at all times. the scene along a trajectory chosen by a remote user However, currently much of inspectors’ time is expended dynamically. inspecting items that are in good working order. This project is aimed at the development of a machine vision Automated Visual Learning of Safety Appliances on system for wayside automatic inspection of railcars, using Railcars an advanced camera system that images each railcar truck N. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* J. M. Hart, C. B. Liu as a train passes by, and then using machine vision [email protected] algorithms to analyze these images for detecting worn or American Association for Railroads defective components. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Machine-Vision Based Assessment of Intermodal This project is aimed at the development of visual learning Railroad Loading Patterns techniques and their implementation for automatic N. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* J. M. Hart, S. Todorovic, checking of the state of safety appliances on a moving train. P. Vemuru This consists of the following stages: acquisition of images [email protected] of railcars for inspection of the safety appliances located Burlington Northern Santa Fe on the railcar sides; identification of image characteristics Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory associated with the health of the safety appliances; identification of types of models useful to represent the This project is the design and implementation of a railcar appearance when the safety appliances are in computer vision system for automatic assessment of the satisfactory condition, and if necessary, to represent loading pattern of trains passing by a wayside monitoring unsatisfactory condition as well; application of models to station. The research is concerned with the following major learn the descriptions of safe and unsafe appliances; and areas: development of algorithms for automatic inspection application of the results of learning to railcar of double stack railcars, identification of advanced imaging classification. sensors to enhance algorithm performance, field testing of the algorithms and sensors, and the development of a field deployable wayside system to demonstrate a proof of concept. The system needs to have the following capabilities: to image parts of a moving train, to identify specific double stack cards in the train, to analyze key
* Denotes principal investigator.
8 portions of these images to detect the presence or absence localization, and identification should reflect these scale- of loaded containers, and to detect occurrences of double dependent changes; and that motor strategies and sensory stack loading. filtering properties should be adaptively adjusted when processing sensory signals at different distance scales. Next-Generation RFID Systems: People and Object Tracking for Homeland Security Applications Real-Time Path Planning in Changing Environments N. Ahuja,* J. Bernard, * G. Horn, R. Jaehne,* S. Hutchinson* V. Kindratenko,* S. Patel,* N. Vaidya,* T. Yu, National Science Foundation B. Ghanem Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] University of Illinois New methods are proposed to generate collision-free paths for robots that operate in environments that change over This project is aimed at developing methods for tracking time. The proposed approach is related to recent and localization of people in buildings. A central feature probabilistic roadmap approaches. These planners use of the proposed work is the use of Radio Frequency preprocessing and query stages and are aimed at planning Identification (RFID) tags. Current RFID technology has many times in the same environment. In contrast, the inadequate reliability, particularly for homeland security preprocessing stage for this research creates a applications. The goal of this project to pursue research on representation of the configuration space that can be easily next-generation RFID systems, in collaboration with modified in real-time to account for changes in the application domain experts at the Illinois Fire Service environment. As with previous approaches, the proposed Institute, e.g., to help firefighters and other first responders approach began by constructing a roadmap in the do their jobs more effectively. configuration space, but this roadmap is not constructed for Recognition and Contents-Based Retrieval of Hand a specific workspace. Instead, it is constructed for an Gestures from Video obstacle-free workspace, and the mapping from workspace N. Ahuja,* A. Briassouli, A. Sehgal cells to nodes and arcs in the roadmap is encoded. When [email protected] the environment changes, this mapping is used to make the U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-03-1-0107 appropriate modifications to the roadmap, and plans can be generated by searching the modified roadmap. At the heart Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory of the method is the encoding for mapping workspace This project is concerned with recognition of scenes from obstacles to configuration space obstacles. To make the the spatiotemporal structure of the video data. Trajectories proposed approach truly viable, a major component of the of scene contents seen in the video sequence are used as proposed research will focus on robustness and complexity the basis for this purpose. Objects are characterized by their issues. These issues will be addressed by using tools from spectral properties as well as temporal behavior. Such the fields of image processing, information theory, graph representations are used for information access as well as theory, computational geometry, and incremental for recognition using such methods as support vector algorithms. machines. Scale Dependent Processing of Clustered Sensory Advanced Processing and Circuits Signals N. Ahuja,* A. Feng,* M. Nelson,* C. Gao, H. Arora AlGan/GaN HFET Fabrication and Characterization [email protected] I. Adesida,* V. Kumar, A. Kuliev National Science Foundation, NSF IBN 04-22073 Triquint Corporation Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The broad objective of this proposal is to understand the This project involves a collaboration with Triquint computational algorithms used by animals to extract Corporation on the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN HFETs. individual signals that are embedded in a cluster of similar Technologies for the fabrication of the HFETs will be signals. Our major hypotheses are: that characteristics of developed. the received signal and the separability of individual components will vary as a function of distance from the cluster; that computational algorithms for detection,
* Denotes principal investigator.
9 Gallium Nitride Optoelectronics Silicon-Germanium Modulation-doped Field Effect I. Adesida,* L. Zhou Transistors Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, I. Adesida,* K. Ismail* DAAD19-99-1-0011 National Science Foundation, ECS 97-10418 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This project focuses on experimental issues for the This collaborative program with IBM Corp. is intended to fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and circuits in significantly advance the growth and fabrication gallium nitride and related materials. UV detectors, field technologies for SiGe/Si modulation-doped field effect effect transistors, and heterojunction bipolar transistors transistors (MODFETs) needed for low-power, high-speed will be investigated. Methods for integrating these devices microwave and digital applications. Specific goals are to will also be explored. study the physics of short gate-length p-type, n-type, and complementary MODFETs and to demonstrate simple Porous GaN: Production, Characterization, and circuits. Applications I. Adesida,* P. Bohn,* X. Li,* S. Kim Ultra-High-Power GaN Power Amplifier at X-Band U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1 I. Adesida,* W. Lu, D. Selvanathan Air Force; TRW Corporation Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This program involves the generation and characterization of porous GaN and SiC for applications in growth of high This collaborative project with TRW Corporation is to quality epitaxial layers. Matrices with dimensions down to fabricate an ultra-high-power GaN-based HFET amplifier 50 nm are to be achieved for the porous materials. on SiC at X-Band. Various processing techniques for GaN will be developed as part of this project. Processing of Gallium Nitride and Related Compounds I. Adesida,* L. Zhou, F. Khan ATMI/Air Force Aeronomy Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Engineering Services and Utilities for ST Radar This program consists of the development of viable Operation at the Sidney Field Station processing methods for gallium nitride and related E. Kudeki,* S. Henson compounds. A systematic study of etching techniques, National Science Foundation; SBC Utah State University ohmic contact formation, and other metallizations will be Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory conducted and applied to devices. This grant concerns the operation of an ST radar at the Resonant Enhanced Modulators university's Sidney Field Station. Tropospheric and I. Adesida,* S. Rommel stratospheric wind, reflectivity, and aspect sensitivity Air Force; Sarnoff Corporation measurements to be conducted with the Sidney radar will Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory complement similar measurements conducted by similar This is a collaborative program with Sarnoff Corporation radars operated at the Urbana Atmospheric Observatory on resonant enhanced modulators in InP-based and Bondville Field Station. The three-radar network will heterostructures. Waveguides with coupling rings are to be be used in correlative studies of atmospheric gravity wave fabricated and characterized in InP-heterostructures. High propagation in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere precision patterning using inductively coupled plasma as well as phenomena associated with the evolution and reactive ion etching and electron beam lithography will be dynamics of weather fronts. used in fabricating the modulators.
* Denotes principal investigator.
10 Engineering Services and Utilities for the Bondville Field Station Bioacoustics E. Kudeki,* S. Henson Development of Intelligent Hearing Aid National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 52 A. Feng* (Physiol.); D. L. Jones, B. C. Wheeler, RANR 100075 W. D. O'Brien; C. Lansing, R. Bilger (Speech & Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Hearing) Continuous operation of the FLATLAND ST Phonak, Inc. (stratosphere-mesosphere) radar administered by NOAA Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science is maintained at the Bondville Field Station. The and Technology FLATLAND radar, operating at a frequency of 50 MHz, This project aims to refine binaural signal processing has been designed to investigate the dynamics of the algorithms for hearing aids so that they are suitable for real- atmosphere above a plain area with insignificant time implementation in a commercial hearing aid. Also orographical forcing. The routinely measured reflectivity studied is wireless communication between hearing aids profiles and Doppler spectra are collected in a NOAA and support devices located on the body. database. Joint measurements with the Urbana Field Station MST radar are performed to investigate the High-Intensity Ultrasound for Prostate Treatment horizontal scale lengths of atmospheric gravity waves and L. A. Frizzell,* J. S. Tan, G. M. Warren to follow the transit of weather fronts. [email protected] National Institutes of Health, CA81340; SBC Interscience Radar Studies of the Equatorial Ionosphere Research, Inc. E. Kudeki,* E. Chapin, S. Bhattacharyya, J. Urbina National Science Foundation, ATM 90-22400 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory In this study, ultrasound phased arrays are being developed The 50 MHz Jicamarca Radio Observatory located near for high intensity ultrasound treatment of prostate disease. Lima, Peru, is used to investigate the structure and These arrays will allow electrical scanning of the focus and dynamics of the equatorial ionosphere. In the mesosphere will replace currently used transducers that must be ionospheric D region, investigations aim to resolve the mechanically scanned. The design will use a cylindrically internal structure of narrow echoing layers and determine shaped array with elements larger than a wavelength to the relevant scattering/reflection mechanisms. In the keep the number of elements to a reasonable level and higher ionosphere, E- and F-region plasma drifts, thereby reduce the cost and complexity of manufacture. instabilities, and turbulence are under study. Current The goal is to determine an optimal design that will projects include efforts to quantify the anisotropies of minimize the effects of grating lobes by varying the equatorial plasma turbulence, obtain interferometric spacing and size of the elements. images of plasma irregularity structures, and measure the component of ionospheric drifts in the geomagnetic field Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the direction. Major research effort is dedicated to the Human Head refinement of radar techniques suitable for these studies. W. D. O’Brien, Jr.;* C. R. Lansing, R. D. Chambers (Speech & Hearing Sci.); M. G. Wismer (Bucknell Univ.); J. A. McNew [email protected] U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, FA9550-06-1-0128 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology The objective is to develop an understanding, based on first principles, of the reception and conduction paths of very- high-amplitude air-borne sound levels (about 150 dB) to the inner ear by soft and hard tissues in order to design an advanced hearing protector device. The computational
* Denotes principal investigator.
11 goal is to develop an acoustic propagation model using Ultrasound-Induced Tissue Damage Assessment well-understood and documented computational W. D. O’Brien, Jr.;* J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.); techniques that will model propagated acoustic signals M. L. Oelze; D. G. Simpson (Stat.); J. E. Erdman, around and inside the human head. Modeling of acoustic Jr. (Food Sci. & Human Nutr.); M. M. Forbes, diffraction around stationary and moving complex C. A. Johnson, Z. Hafez (Bioengr.); geometries will be accomplished with finite-element J. L. King (Nutr. Sci.); R. J. Miller, J. P. Blue, Jr . analysis (FEA). This model will take into consideration the [email protected] effects of diffraction of sound around the human head, and National Institutes of Health, National Institute of the direction from which the sound has traveled from the Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, R37 EB002641 acoustic source to the human head. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Hearing Protection for High-Noise Environments and Technology W. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* M. G. Wismer (Bucknell Univ.), The proposed research program is a basic science J. A. McNew (nonclinical) investigation of a potentially significant [email protected] ultrasound (US)-induced biological effect; that is, whether U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, STTR AF06- the application of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) in T035; SBC: Creare, Inc. humans adversely affects the vasculature. The medical Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science profession benefits if it is shown that diagnostic US is a and Technology significant medical risk to the patient—by advising clinicians about this risk, and suggesting how the clinician Hearing protection for personnel working in high-noise can monitor the degree of risk. Likewise, the medical environments remains an important challenge for the profession benefits if it is shown that diagnostic US is not scientific and engineering community. The sound levels a significant medical risk to the patient—by eliminating close to certain modern military weapons platforms this as a clinical concern. In either case, there is clear approach 150 dBA. At these levels, the attenuation medical significance. The data necessary to decide this provided by hearing protection devices (HPDs) is limited issue are not currently available. Today we are faced with by bone-conducted sound that bypasses the ear canal and a significant challenge about the human use of UCAs; that its associated protection (earplugs and earmuffs). An is, the lack of knowledge of whether the interaction of US improved understanding of the transmission mechanisms with UCAs is a significant medical problem in humans. for bone-conducted sound is required to enable the design FDA is also uncertain about the safety and/or effectiveness of improved active and passive hearing protection devices. of UCAs and is waiting until more is known about the risk Creare and the University of Illinois propose a three- of these agents before approving new UCAs, thus denying pronged approach to investigate the transmission of bone- their well-known benefits to the patient. conducted sound and design-improved HPDs. The approach involves calculation, using an acoustic wave Evaluation of Inertial Cavitation's Role in propagation model implemented in finite element analysis Sonoporation software; simulation, using an instrumented physical W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.), model of a human head; and human subject tests, M. M. Forbes (Bioengr.) investigating the nonlinear response of the cochlea to bone Internal Funds conduction stimulation. In Phase I, we propose to The objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to demonstrate the feasibility of each of these techniques. In examine and characterize how the interaction of a contrast Phase II, we will conduct a detailed investigation of the agent with ultrasound alters the cell membrane to large phenomena using these techniques and apply the results to molecules. A significant problem in cancer therapy is the the next generation of hearing protection devices. compromised quality of life experienced by the patient due to the side effects of the therapeutic compounds. Delivery of molecular medicine to solid tumors is often inefficient and as a result, the patient’s healthy cells and tissues are subject to the toxic effects of the drugs. Thus, it is important to develop approaches that deliver drugs to the appropriate cells within the patient in a way that is specific, efficient, and safe. One such method involves the use of ultrasound
* Denotes principal investigator.
12 to enhance cell permeabilization. With this method it is a diagnostic ultrasound procedure is well understood by possible, by using ultrasound and contrast microbubbles, medical professionals provided that the risk can be to deliver therapeutic compounds noninvasively into appropriately identified and quantified. specific target cells. Ultrasound Contrast Agents; Dynamic Physical Inertial Cavitation and Neovascularization Behavior and Bioeffects W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.), W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* M. L. Oelze, C. A. Johnson (Bioengr.), R. J. Miller, P. Laugier* (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, J. P. Blue UMR C.N.R.S. 7623, Paris) Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois-Centre National de Las Recherche Scientifique Collaborative Research Program The objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to examine and characterize how the interaction of a contrast Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science agent with ultrasound alters the expression of vascular and Technology growth factor molecules following capillary injury. The The objective of the program is to develop a collaborative generation of these data will allow for a more clear interaction between the two research groups that will understanding of the safety issues surrounding the use of investigate the physical interaction mechanisms between ultrasound contrast agents to assess blood flow and ultrasound and contrast agents. The two research programs myocardial perfusion in human patients. Microbubble are the Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of ultrasound contrast agents are valuable diagnostic tools for Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of physicians, but their use must be considered in the context Illinois and Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramètrique, of risk-benefit assessment for each patient. The medical Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France. significance of and long-term potential benefits from the Both research programs have contributed significantly to use of ultrasound contrast agents are clear; however, the capabilities of diagnostic imaging. During the last concerns related to their “safe use” have been raised decade, ultrasonic contrast agents have provided clinical because of reports of microbubble ultrasound contrast ultrasonic imaging with a new and powerful capability to agent-induced vascular injury. Currently, the medical image structures not previously possible. These agents are significance and pathogenesis of such phenomena are not made of small microbubbles (< 5 µm in diameter) that are clearly understood. Because ultrasound contrast agents are administered into the vascular system of the body to poised to be used to assess myocardial and skeletal muscle enhance ultrasound image contrast. Ultrasound contrast perfusion, the results of our study are an early step in agents are used as adjuncts in routine ultrasound developing an understanding of the primary bioeffects evaluations to enhance sonographic contrast and thus (injury) of ultrasound contrast agent on capillary beds of increase the opportunity for early detection, diagnosis, and the heart and circulatory system. treatment of a variety of disease processes including heart Temperature Estimates During Diagnostic Ultrasound disease and cancer. Concerns about the potential bioeffects Exposures of inertial cavitation associated with the interaction of W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* J. F. Zachary (Pathobiol.), ultrasound with contrast agents in human beings have been T. A. Bigelow reported. The center topic involved in this cooperative Beckman Institute Research Assistantship to T. A. Bigelow program between the two research programs is the connection between bioeffects and the bubbles responses Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science to ultrasonic insonification. and Technology The goal is to develop a quantitative assessment of tissue temperature increase under in vivo and in utero ultrasound exposure conditions, thereby providing the capability for the medical professional to know the temperature increase, and hence the risk of the desired diagnostic exposure. Of particular importance is the heating near the developing cranial bone because heating of the developing brain tissue can result in long-term neurological disorders. There is a fundamental trade-off between the improved diagnostic capability and the resulting increased risk. The risk from
* Denotes principal investigator.
13 Ultrasound-Induced Lung Damage Assessment Biomaterials Characterization with High-Frequency W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* L. A. Frizzell; Ultrasound Computed Tomography J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.), D. G. Simpson (Statistics), M. L. Oelze* R. J. Miller, J. P. Blue [email protected] [email protected] 3M Corporation National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Blood Institute, HL58218 and Technology Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science The objective is to evaluate diffraction tomography and Technology algorithms applicable to soft tissue scattering, construct a The objective of this interdisciplinary research program is high-frequency ultrasound computed tomography to evaluate a significant ultrasound-induced biological scanning device, and evaluate model biological systems for effect of lung tissue. It is known that diagnostic ultrasound scanning. An ultrasound frequency of up to 100 MHz exposure conditions can produce damage to lung tissue in yielding resolution of 12 to 15 micrometers will be used. a limited number of animal species. Thus, the emphasis of Elastic properties of cell models, other kinds of tissues, and the program is to conduct both experimental and theoretical synthetic biomaterials will be imaged and quantified. The evaluations in order to develop a fundamental high-resolution, quantitative information that the high- understanding of the mechanisms responsible for frequency ultrasound computed tomography device can producing lung damage and from this understanding yield will be beneficial for many kinds of research into provide a best-case extrapolation to the likelihood of properties and functioning of materials. similar damage in humans. Tumor Diagnosis through Enhanced Ultrasound Ultrasound-Induced Tissue Damage Assessment Imaging W. D. O'Brien, Jr.;* J. F. Zachary (Vet. Pathobiol.), M. L. Oelze,* J. F. Zachary (Vet. Pathobiol.), M. L. Oelze, D. G. Simpson (Stat.) W. D. O'Brien, Jr. [email protected] [email protected] National Institutes of Health, National Institute of National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; 2 R37 - F32CA96419 EB02641-09 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science A critical medical concern is whether the application of and Technology ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) in humans adversely The objective is to develop and refine a fundamentally new affects the vasculature. Contrast echocardiography approach to enhance ultrasound imaging of biological continues to be widely used as a very beneficial clinical tissues by the quantification of tissue microstructure technique. Yet, it appears that the FDA is uncertain about through acoustic backscatter. This enhanced imaging the safety and/or effectiveness of UCAs and appears to be technique will then be adapted for real-time in situ clinical waiting until more is known about the device risk of these diagnosis of solid tumors with the expectation of producing agents (e.g., inertial cavitation) as opposed to the metabolic acoustic images that will provide an accurate diagnosis of risk (like a drug). It thus appears that the greatest risk facing cancer. Use of enhanced ultrasound imaging is medically UCAs is the lack of ultrasound bioeffects/biophysics- significant because it offers a quick and noninvasive means based knowledge. Extensive ultrasound bioeffects/ of detecting and classifying tumor types. biophysics expertise, along with pathology and animal model expertise, will be used to determine whether the Development and Information Processing in 3-D interaction of ultrasound with UCAs is a significant Patterned Neural Circuits medical problem in humans. B. C. Wheeler* [email protected] National Science Foundation Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology This is a subcontract from Georgia Tech University under the group title "A 3-D Microfluidic/Electronic Neural
* Denotes principal investigator.
14 Interface System: In Vitro Studies of Neural Networks, Physical Exercise, Mental Activity, and Brain Plasticity Plasticity and Injury," sponsored by the National Institutes B. C. Wheeler,* W. T. Greenough* (Psychol.) of Health Bioengineering Research Partnership Program. [email protected] The group proposal is to develop an instrumented three- National Institutes of Health, PHS 2R01 AG10154-07 dimensional neural culture system with optical, Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science microfluidic, electrical, and electronic interfacing so that and Technology experimenters may develop a more sophisticated model of how the brain works. The University of Illinois effort is to Researchers propose to use morphological and extend currently successful two-dimensional patterning morphometric, electrophysiological, technology to three dimensions and to evaluate the immunocytochemical, and behavioral methods in mature predicted increase in the functionality and health of the adult and aging cerebellar cortex to determine which neurons. synapse and neuron types in cerebellar cortex exhibit plasticity in response to learning and to physical exercise; Engineering Form and Function in Neuronal Networks which nonneuronal elements exhibit plasticity; the B. C. Wheeler,* G. J. Brewer (S. Ill. Univ. Med. School) molecular mechanisms underlying this plasticity; and National Institute of Neural Disorders and Stroke, 1 R01 functional correlates. NS052233 A Database System for Neuronal Pattern Analysis Conducted in the Bioengineering Department and the B. C. Wheeler, M. Gabriel,* W. T. Greenough; Beckman Institute J. Malpeli (Psychol.); M. Nelson, A. Feng; The immediate goal of this project is to create small R. Gillette (Physiol. & Biophys.) neuronal networks (tens of neurons) that can be designed National Science Foundation, DBI 9116763 so that their function follows from their geometric form as Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science defined by micrometer chemical pattern. We study and Technology correlated input/output functions of extracellularly stimulated, recorded, and modified action potentials Neuronal pattern analysis documents the dynamic brain comprising convergent and divergent patterns of activity. processes of sensation, perception, learning, and cognition The long-term goal is to design living but artificial neural by recording the electrical activity of brain neurons. Recent tissues—a brain on a chip—as a model for fundamental advances in multiarray recording have greatly expanded neuroscience, but with potential application in the rate at which these data can be obtained, making neuroprosthetics, cell based biosensors, pharmaceutical possible the study of dynamic intercorrelations in neuronal screening, and inspiration for computational principles. networks. Computational modeling has fostered major increments in data processing requirements, which call for Information Processing in Designed Neuronal Circuits parallel development of adequate database systems for B. C. Wheeler,* G. J. Brewer (S. Ill. Univ. Med. School) organization, rapid access, and sharing of these data. This [email protected] work establishes a database system for time series National Science Foundation, EIA 0130828 neurophysiological data recorded by the Neuronal Pattern Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Analysis Group at the Beckman Institute for Advanced and Technology Science and Technology, carried out with collaboration from the National Center for Supercomputing This research aims to design and grow neuronal networks Applications. from living neurons in patterns with micrometer resolution. Further, the networks will be grown on microelectrode arrays so that they can be stimulated and recorded electrically. Finally, the coding, computational, and learning principles for these networks will be studied.
* Denotes principal investigator.
15 Novel 3-D Histologic Methodology to Identify Bridging the Gap between Compilation and Behavior Ultrasound Scattering Sites in Tissue Synthesis J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.), W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* D. Chen* J. Mamou, M. L. Oelze University of Illinois [email protected] Conducted in Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Research Board It has been shown that the code density and simulation time Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science can be improved by 10X and 100X, respectively, when and Technology moved to the behavior-level synthesis from RTL synthesis. The objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to Such an improvement in efficiency is much needed for quantify microscopic tissue structures responsible for design in the deep submicron era. This project works on ultrasound scattering. It is, in part, these microscopic tissue novel behavioral synthesis tasks taking advantage of structures that pathologists use to diagnose disease. Our innovative compilation techniques and high-level hypothesis is that tissue microstructure (e.g., size, shape, synthesis transformations. Especially, we are examining concentration, and ultrasonic properties) of pathologic the following directions: compilation/synthesis for tissue (e.g., solid tumors) is measurably different from that domain-specific customized processors and instruction- of the surrounding healthy tissues, thus providing image less customized processors. contrast. The approach is to construct 3-D microscopic Modeling, Mitigating, and Tolerating Faults Due to tissue models from normal and pathologic tissues, and Parameter Variation in Multicores: A from these computational phantoms, compare the Microarchitecture and CAD Approach theoretical ultrasound scattering from 3-D acoustic D. Chen,* J. Torrellas impedance maps with experimental scattering results. Semiconductor Research Corporation Conducted in both Coordinated Science Laboratory and Circuits the Siebel Center Architecture and CAD for 3-D FPGAs in As we move to 32nm technology node and beyond, the Nanotechnology main challenge to multicore chip designers will be extreme D. Chen* parameter variation and the resulting chip unreliability. University of Illinois Specifically, the Within-Die (WID) variation of process (P), temperature (T) and supply voltage (Vdd—both due Conducted in Coordinated Science Laboratory to systematic and random effects—will make components Three-dimensional (3-D) chip integration is a promising intrinsically unreliable. The challenge for deep gigascale direction for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to integration will be how to build reliable, high- meet performance, power, cost, and size demands. performance, low-power multicore chips out of these Meanwhile, the application of novel nanoelectronic components. We address these challenges with a novel and materials and devices has recently shed new light on crossdisciplinary approach that integrates building future programmable devices in a large scale. We microarchitecture and CAD techniques synergistically. explore concurrently the optimization of architecture, Specifically, we have three objectives: modeling, CAD methodologies, and fabrication techniques taking mitigation, and detection/tolerance. We are modeling how advantages of the latest nanotechnology advances. Our variation in Vt, Leff , tox, wire delay, Vdd, and T impact research includes three key components: investigation and multicore frequency, power, and on-chip communication development of novel 3-D CMOS-nano hybrid FPGA latency; demonstrating novel microarchitecture and CAD architecture; design and development of novel 3-D-centric techniques that mitigate the variation-induced errors; and CAD algorithms and tools as well as a flexible 3-D demonstrating novel microarchitecture and CAD nanoFPGA evaluation/exploration infrastructure; and techniques for detection and tolerance of variation-induced fabrication and 3-D assembly of a 3-D nanoFPGA errors. prototype to demonstrate the viability of the structure and to obtain sound analytical models to characterize delay, power, variation, and defect rate of the architecture.
* Denotes principal investigator.
16 Novel Logic Synthesis for the New Challenges in Full-Chip Simulation of Charged Device Model ESD FPGAs E. Rosenbaum,* J. Lee, F. Farbiz D. Chen,* M. Wong [email protected] Altera Corporation UMC Conducted in Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Given the large capacity and density of state-of-the-art The capability to perform circuit simulation of ESD events field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), the designs that increases the number of parts that pass ESD qualification can be implemented on these devices become increasingly on the first try. The charged device model (CDM) best large and complex. Many complex design issues arise, e.g., represents yield reducing events that occur in modern designs with multiple clock domains and timing factories. The CDM represents the single pin discharge of exceptions. Meanwhile, the continuous drive for high a packaged chip that is at a potential hundreds of volts performance and low power demands more efficient CAD above ground. We are investigating whether sufficiently tools across various levels of the FPGA design hierarchy. accurate CDM simulation results can be obtained using In this project, we concentrate on a critical design stage for only a small simulation netlist that contains macro-models FPGA―logic synthesis. We cover three main thrusts: of the multiple discharge paths. The various power unified synthesis paradigm, synthesis with multiple clock domains are linked through the substrate, and an domains, and synthesis for glitch power reduction. appropriate model of it must be developed. An Integrated Design Methodology for Low-Power Highly Reliable Receiver Circuits for High-Speed IO DSP and Communications Systems Links I. N. Hajj,* N. R. Shanbhag,* S. Bobba E. Rosenbaum,* N. Shanbhag,* A. Srivastava, A. Faust, National Science Foundation, MIP-9710235 K. Bhatia, R. L. Narasimha [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Semiconductor Research Corp. The goal of this project is to develop an integrated Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory computer-aided design (CAD) approach for the design of low-power hardware for digital signal processing (DSP) We are applying communication theory to design ESD- and communications applications. The approach protected, high-speed serial links. Links are expected to incorporates high-level (algorithmic) and low-level provide data rates in excess of 10 Gb/s at a BER less than (circuit) parameters and includes novel capabilities for 10-15, per-channel power consumption less than 100 mW, design exploration and low-power circuit synthesis. The and a 3-KV HBM-ESD protection level. design exploration will be done by developing low-power Algorithms and VLSI Architectures for Joint constrained algorithm design procedures that employ an Equalization and Decoding analytic relation between word-level and bit-level signal N. R. Shanbhag,* A. C. Singer, S. J. Lee statistics. The synthesis effort will incorporate signal CCR-9979381; CCR-00-85929 statistics, high-level hardware models, and algorithm transformations to generate low-power dedicated Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory implementation of DSP algorithms. This project explores efficient algorithms and architectures Compact, Scalable SCR Model for joint equalization and decoding in high data-rate E. Rosenbaum,* J. Di Sarro communications systems. Such systems suffer from [email protected] intersymbol interference (ISI) and noise. Conventional National Semiconductor approaches separate the two functions of equalization and decoding for historical reasons. Significant improvements Conducted in Coordinated Science Laboratory in bit-error rates are feasible if the two functions are SCR devices may be used for on-chip ESD protection. The executed jointly. Techniques such as turbo equalization are turn-on delay and holding voltage are highly layout being explored where the equalizer and the decoder dependent. We are developing a compact, scalable model exchange soft information to enhance performance. of the SCR for circuit simulation purposes. Application of these new receiver techniques to broadband communication systems such as very high-speed digital subscriber lines (VDSL) and wireless is being studied.
* Denotes principal investigator.
17 Fluid IP Core Generators analysis methods and explore design possibilities to N. R. Shanbhag, B. Lam, M. Zhang, B. Shim accomplish reliable energy-efficient high-speed data Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency transfer over inter-chip links. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Noise-Tolerant DSP in the Deep Submicron Era N. R. Shanbhag,* R. Hegde, L. Wang, G. Balamurugan This project seeks to develop design techniques and tools National Science Foundation, CCR-9902745 for realizing custom-quality VLSI designs in synthesis quality design cycle times for DOD applications. The focus Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory of our research is on datapath intensive broadband This research addresses the design of reliable and energy- communication subsystems, such as filters and FFT. The efficient DSP systems in deep submicron (DSM) SMOS design methodology includes an architecture optimizer and technology in a unified manner via the development of a layout synthesizer bypassing logic synthesis. Techniques noise-tolerant algorithmic and circuit design techniques. In such as device sizing, noise-tolerance (both at the circuit particular, circuit design techniques that tolerate leakage, and algorithmic level), algorithm transforms, power, and crosstalk, ground bounce, and process variations are being delay models are being incorporated into the core developed. Algorithmic approaches that exploit the generator. The resulting circuit layouts are targeted to meet statistical structure of multimedia signals to combat DSM power, delay, and reliability specifications. noise are also being studied. A design methodology is High-Speed Architectures for Iterative Decoders being formulated that jointly applies circuit and N. R. Shanbhag,* M. Mansour algorithmic noise-tolerance techniques to achieve an CCR-9979381; CCR-0085929 overall level of system reliability while minimizing energy. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory VLSI Architectures for Soft Decoding of Reed– Solomon Codes This research focuses on the design of high-speed iterative N. R. Shanbhag,* R. Koetter, R. Blahut, A. Ahmed decoders. Recently, turbo codes, low-density parity check CCR-0073490 (LDPC) codes, and related concatenated codes have been proven to be extraordinarily effective in improving the bit- Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory error rates on noisy communication links. Decoders for This project investigates high-performance architectures such codes are iterative and block-based, making high for soft decoding of Reed–Solomon codes. Reed–Solomon data-rates difficult to achieve. These decoders are also codes are commonly employed to enhance the reliability memory intensive. Our research explores alternative of broadband communications links. Reed–Solomon decoding algorithms that might be appropriate for low- decoders used in practice today employ hard-decision power and high-performance VLSI implementations. decoding. Soft decision decoding of Reed–Solomon codes High-Speed IO Signaling can provide significant coding gains over hard-decision N. R. Shanbhag,* G. Balamurugan, H. M. Bae, decoders. Soft decision decoding algorithms are S. Sridhara computationally complex and hard to implement in VLSI. Intel This research explores algorithmic and architectural techniques to design soft decision Reed–Solomon Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory decoders for high-data rate communication systems. The goal of this project is to investigate solutions for data CAD for VLSI Manufacturability and Reliability transmission in the range of 5Gb/s–10Gb/s for inter-chip M. D. Wong* communications. The project involves the application of National Science Foundation communications and signal processing theory and techniques to analyze high-speed I/O links. Until recently, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory design efforts have been focused primarily on transceiver In nanometer-design technologies, computer-aided design electronics without comprehension of the communication software must consider manufacturability and reliability. channel. In addition, no rigorous, comprehensive analysis In this project, we focus on the development of theories techniques exist to analyze and predict the performance of and prototype systems for solving problems in the design I/O signaling systems. By viewing the I/O link as a noisy for manufacturability and reliability area. Research topics communication channel over which reliable information include lithography-aware design tools, fast reticle transfer needs to take place, the project proposes to develop
* Denotes principal investigator.
18 enhancement techniques (OPC, PSM, OAI, and such), and practicality of very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI) layout optimization for CMP. implementation of decoders that will dramatically outperform the decoding algorithms used in current Routing for High-Performance VLSI Packaging commercial communications and storage systems. M. D. Wong* IBM Codes on Graphs, Factor Graphs, and Iterative Algorithms Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory R. Koetter* In this project, we develop a complete routing system for National Science Foundation Career Award, CCR high-performance circuit boards. The type of high-end 99-84515 boards targeted in this project is generally completed using Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory manual methods because of the complexity or density of the design. The goal is to create a system that will either The primary focus of this research is the investigation of completely remove the need of manual routing or creative new methods for reliable transmission of significantly reduce the effort of manual routing. Such a information in the context of modern error-control system will dramatically reduce the design time for state- techniques. Error-correcting codes are an essential part of of-the-art, high-performance complex boards. modern communication and storage systems and much of today's technology would not be possible without them. Communications This study is focused on graph-based, iterative decoding algorithms, which, without doubt, are one of the most significant coding-theoretic developments of the last Fair Scheduling and Admission Control for Shared- decade. The goal of the investigator's research is to develop Channel Wireless Packet Networks a broad, analytical, and constructive approach to research V. Bharghavan,* R. Srikant,* S. Shakkottai, A. Eryilmaz and education, unifying graphical models, coding theory, National Science Foundation and iterative algorithms. The interplay between codes on Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory graphs and other areas, like iterative graph-based algorithms, system theory, and network information Fair scheduling of traffic sources in wireless networks is theory, is in the focus of this investigation with the goal of difficult due to bursty channel errors and location- discovering and utilizing fundamental connections dependent channel capacity. In this project, researchers between these fields. study MAC, scheduling and admission control algorithms for indoor and outdoor wireless networks that allocate the High-Performance Short Iterative Codes available bandwidth in a fair manner to competing sources. R. Koetter* Motorola, Inc. High-Performance Decoding of Algebraic Codes Beyond their Packing Radii Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory R. Blahut,* N. Shanbhag, R. Koetter This project aims at developing excellent codes for National Science Foundation, CCR-0073490 application requiring short- to moderate-length (64 bits to Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory <1,000 bits) codes. Traditional coding schemes for these lengths rely typically on algebraic constructions or The objective of this research is to investigate practical and convolutional codes. Researchers strive to make the theoretical aspects of interpolation/factorization tremendous gains achievable for long blocklengths algorithms that were pioneered by M. Sudan for decoding (>10,000 bits) by turbo and other iteratively decodable beyond half the minimum distance of Reed–Solomon, codes available for much shorter code length. Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH), and algebraic geometry codes. The research has two main thrusts. The Unwrapping Phase Images: Theory and Applications first is the characterization of the decoding algorithm and Using Probabilistic Inference Techniques its complexity or performance trade-off, together with R. Koetter,* B. Frey, D. Munson subsequent improvements in the decoding of BCH and National Science Foundation, CCR 01-05719 algebraic geometry codes; these are at the theoretical core Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory of this proposal. The second main thrust is the development of efficient computational architectures for implementing Phase unwrapping in two-dimensional topologies is a the algorithms and the demonstration of the feasibility and signal processing problem that has been studied
* Denotes principal investigator.
19 extensively over the past 20 years and has important Design Principles for Wideband Wireless applications, such as medical imaging and synthetic Communications aperture radar. However, despite its importance in science V. V. Veeravalli,* A. Mantravadi and engineering, to date, phase unwrapping in two- Cornell University, NSF CCR-9980616 dimensional grids has remained an essentially unsolved Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory problem. This research takes a fresh approach to the problem using methods from probabilistic inference. The This research is aimed at enhancing the performance of work not only holds the promise of resulting in powerful wideband wireless multi-access systems by optimizing phase unwrapping schemes based on the sum-product tradeoffs between coding and spreading, capitalizing on algorithm and structured variational methods, but also has advantages afforded by spatial diversity, and developing the potential to provide deep theoretical insight into the ill- techniques for accommodating multirate users. posed nature and solvability of the phase unwrapping New Techniques for Optimizing the Quality and problem. Such an insight is extremely important for Capacity of Wireless Communication Systems guiding the development of practical algorithms. V. V. Veeravalli,* J. F. Chamberland, Y. Liang, Communication over Dispersive Wireless Channels: N. Wang Theory and Methods Based on Physical Principles National Science Foundation, Faculty Early Career V. V. Veeravalli,* J. Chen, C. Lin, V. Raghavan, Development, Presidential Early Career Award for V. Annapureddy Scientists and Engineers, CCR-0049089 National Science Foundation, CCF0431088 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory The research in this project is directed toward the The research in this project is aimed at exploiting an development of future generation multimedia wireless angular (virtual) representation of multi-input multi-output communication systems. Specifically, the research spans (MIMO) wireless channels to design and analyze new the following four areas: wireless channel modeling and communication schemes for these channels. The project analysis; information theory for wireless systems; wireless has three broad thrusts: accurate statistical channel CDMA systems; and dynamic radio resource management. characterization in the spatial, temporal, and spectral New Techniques for Optimizing the Quality and dimensions, and reliable estimation of the essential channel Capacity of Wireless Communication Systems parameters in the angular domain; exploitation of virtual V. V. Veeravalli,* J. F. Chamberland, Y. Liang, J. Chen, channel structure in determining the channel capacity of C. Lin, J. Fuemmeler, J. Unnikrishnan dispersive wireless channels, and in designing coherent National Science Foundation, Faculty Early Career and noncoherent coding and modulation schemes; and Development, Presidential Early Career Award for leveraging the virtual representation for efficient sharing Scientists and Engineers, CCF0049089 of signal dimensions in time-frequency-space among multiple users. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Design and Analysis of Sensor Networks for Statistical The research in this project is directed toward the Inference Applications development of future generation multimedia wireless V. V. Veeravalli,* J. Fuemmeler, S. R. Srinivasan communication systems. Specifically, the research spans Motorola Communications Center, RPS-28 the following five areas: wireless channel modeling and analysis; information theory for wireless systems; wireless Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory CDMA systems; dynamic radio resource management, and This goal of this project is to explore applications of sensor sensor networks. networks in the following areas of interest to Motorola: Research at the Frontier of the Physical Layer early warning and prediction of failures in machines and V. V. Veeravalli,* R. Prakash, K. C. Reddy other large structures; government and enterprise mobility National Science Foundation, CCR-0049085 solutions (GEMS) applications such as fire-fighting and rescue operations; industrial process monitoring; and Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory industrial work in progress (WIP) tracking for assembly The research conducted under this grant has a broad lines. perspective from the viewpoint of the physical medium in that it covers wireline (twisted pair or a coaxial cable);
* Denotes principal investigator.
20 wireless (satellite, cellular/PCS, or wireless local area questions: How do we design wireless medium access network, WLAN); and recording, (magnetic or optical control (MAC) protocols that exploit multirate and power- disc) media. The research has a narrow focus in that the save capabilities in ad hoc networks? While there has been problems addressed all involve some form of forward error some work on such protocols, this project is expected to control (FEC). A major component of the project is on develop new techniques to utilize multirate and power- coding and information theory for wireless CDMA save capabilities. What is the impact of multirate and systems. power-save capabilities on performance on network layer and transport layer? The project will study the interaction Spatial-Temporal Nonlinear Filtering with between wireless device capabilities and upper layer Applications to Information Assurance and performance, and develop mechanisms to improve Counterterrorism performance of the various layers. V. V. Veeravalli,* V. Raghavan, J. Fuemmeler DOD Army Research Office FY06 MURI Program on Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Spatial-Temporal Event Pattern Recognition, N. Vaidya* W911NF-06-1-0094 [email protected] National Science Foundation, ANI 01-96410 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory The objective of this project is to develop new statistical methods for spatial-temporal event and pattern recognition Mobile ad hoc networks are multihop wireless networks, with applications to information assurance and counter- with dynamically changing network topology. In this terrorism. Specific problems of interest include quickest project, we investigate several protocol design issues change detection and energy-efficient tracking in corresponding to routing, medium-access control, and distributed sensor networks. transport layers in mobile ad hoc networks. The focus is on performance issues related to individual layers as well as Computer Engineering interlayer interactions. TCP-Unaware Approaches to Improve Performance of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Utilizing Multirate and TCP Over Wireless Links Power-Save Capabilities N. Vaidya* N. Vaidya* [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, ANI-01-96413 National Science Foundation, ANI 01-25859 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory The focus of this project is on TCP-unaware techniques to Wireless communication technology has gained improve TCP performance over paths that include wireless widespread acceptance in recent years. Wireless local area links. The path from a TCP sender to a TCP receiver networks have come into greater use, with the advent of usually includes several intermediate nodes that may drop the IEEE 802.11 standard and availability of several TCP packets if congestion occurs. TCP makes the implicit commercial products based on this standard. An ad hoc assumption that all packet losses are due to congestion. network can be formed by wireless, potentially mobile Since wireless links are prone to transmission errors, this hosts, without requiring the use of any fixed infrastructure, assumption is not accurate for TCP over wireless links. such as base stations. Such networks have many Nevertheless, TCP reduces its congestion window when applications, including home networking, personal area packet losses due to transmission errors occur. This networking, sensor networking, search-and-rescue phenomenon is known to result in poor throughput for TCP missions in remote areas, and other civilian as well as over wireless links. This project investigates TCP-unaware military operations. Modern wireless devices are often mechanisms to avoid such TCP performance degradation. designed with the capability to transmit at different bit rates using different modulation schemes and to operate in a power-save mode to conserve energy. While such wireless devices can be built, there is not adequate research on performance of ad hoc networks utilizing such devices. This project will, therefore, attempt to answer two broad
* Denotes principal investigator.
21 Wireless Wind Tunnel: A Testbed for Experimental Objective-Oriented Model Heterogeneous Sensor Evaluation of Wireless Networks Networks for Coordinated Control N. H. Vaidya,* J. T. Bernhard, V. V. Veeravalli, T. Basar,* T. Alpcan, C. Tang, S. Yuksel R. K. Iyer, P. R. Kumar National Science Foundation, ECS 02-25481 [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation, 04-23431 This is a multi-university research effort that focuses on a Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory comprehensive study of large, mobile ad-hoc This project, evaluating protocols for wireless networks reconfigurable networks for coordinated control. It draws and developing scaling techniques for physical on elements from coordinated control, dynamic state environments, aims at deploying an anechoic chamber for estimation, ad-hoc network management, resource interference control, forming a testbed, referred to as the assignment, and fault tolerance. Its aim is to provide a wireless wind tunnel (WWT). The uses of the testbed focus formalism in which the methods of sensor networking may on: evaluation of wireless protocols (WP) in controlled be integrated as part of a systematic design process focused environments, development of channel models suitable for on achieving a specific control objective. Particular topics simulation-based evaluation of WPs, and evaluation of of study at the present are robust H-infinity and risk- techniques for scaling the physical environment to sensitive control and filtering in a receding horizon facilitate realistic wireless experiments. The WWT framework, performance-and utility-driven resource addresses some of the limitations based on computer allocation in networks, and control over networks using evaluations resulting from the present insufficient decentralized and distributed sensor information. understanding of channel and system models for wireless Smart Icing Systems networks. These are not well understood and brute force T. Basar,* W. R. Perkins,* P. Voulgaris,* J. Melody, accurate simulation of the wireless environment are at V. Sharma present too complex. Existing hardware testbeds suffer NASA Glenn Research Center, NAG3-2135 from one or both of the following shortcomings: experiments often cannot be repeated due to interference Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory by other wireless devices operating in the same frequency This part of the larger interdisciplinary/interdepartmental range, and the parameters of the experiment (such as the research program addresses the identification and control mobility patterns of the mobiles and scatterers in the research required to develop a smart icing system for environment) are not fully controllable. This work impacts aircraft. A smart icing system would sense the effect of ice the education mission, including coursework, laboratories, accretion on the aircraft performance and handling and student projects. The testbed will serve as a qualities and provide information to the flight crew, demonstration tool. New educational opportunities will operate ice protection systems, provide envelope open involving experimental research providing better protection, and possibly adapt the flight controls. The training and motivation. Facilities will be made available research conducted here involves in-flight parameter to a larger pool of researchers. Additional impact is identification of aircraft flight dynamics utilizing expected on communications systems in practice. excitation generated by only natural (and not forced) maneuvers of the aircraft and turbulence. Subsequently, Decision and Control this information would be fed (along with other sensor- based data) into an appropriate neural network that would, Dynamic Team and Game Theory for Congestion in turn, lead to an accurate detection of the level of severity Control in High-Speed Networks of ice accretion on the flight surfaces of the aircraft. The T. Basar,* R. Srikant,* D. Wiedenheft ultimate goal of this effort is to provide both the pilot and National Science Foundation, ANI 98-13710 the autopilot with needed information to improve the safety of aircraft operating in icing conditions. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory This project is related to NSF 98-13710, and involves research for undergraduate students on various aspects of communication networks, particularly in the area of congestion control.
* Denotes principal investigator.
22 Cooperative Networked Control of Dynamical Peer-to- Petri nets that may have both nondeterministic transitions Peer Vehicle Systems (i.e., transitions that share the same label) and G. Dullerud,* F. Bullo, E. Frazzoli, P. R. Kumar, unobservable transitions (i.e., transitions that are D. Liberzon, B. Reznick, M. Viswanathan associated with the empty label). These techniques are Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, U.S. Air promising because they show that one can compute the set Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-02-1-0325 of consistent markings with complexity that is at most polynomial in the length of the observed label sequence. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Enabling Diagnosis of Faults and Misbehavior in The goal of this project is to develop systematic Heterogeneous Networked Systems via Structured methodologies for the reliable construction of cooperative Redundancy networked multivehicle systems. C. N. Hadjicostis,* T. Le Architectures for Secure and Robust Distributed [email protected] Infrastructures Boeing Corporation C. Hadjicostis,* G. Takos This project aims to evaluate how the use of redundant [email protected] sensors, actuators or, more generally, redundant U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Department information can enable efficient and gracefully degradable of Defense, URI Award F49620-01-1-0365URI diagnosis algorithms for large networked systems. Instead (subcontracted from Stanford University) of focusing on how diagnosis can be performed for a given Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory system or network, this project is interested in finding out Within the context of a much larger project, this work how small modifications in the system structure (e.g., focuses on addressing the challenges that arise in regards sensor or actuator allocation) or the communication links to distributed or hierarchical coordination, fault tolerance, and protocols can result in more efficient and robust safety, and scalability in emerging dynamic systems and diagnosis algorithms. networks. The initial goal of this project has been to Enabling Novel Digital Sequential Circuit Designs develop distributed estimation algorithms that can be used through Error Control and Noise Tolerance in network monitoring. Techniques Designs of Robust Encoded Dynamic Systems C. Hadjicostis,* S. Sundaram C. N. Hadjicostis,* G. Takos [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, ECS 02-18939 ITR Air Force Office of Scientific Research, DoD URI Award Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory F49620-01-1-0365URI This project is developing a framework for fault-tolerant This work analyzes the effects of roundoff noise on our convolution using a polynomial residue number system ability to nonconcurrently detect and identify transient with non-coprime moduli. These techniques are promising faults that corrupt state variables during the operation of a in terms of the simplicity of the corresponding error fault-tolerant discrete-time LTI dynamic system. The detecting and correcting mechanisms. We are specifically analysis provides insights that allow us to evaluate the investigating how these techniques, together with performance of established decoding algorithms using nonconcurrent error detection and correction techniques, analytical techniques. It also leads to explicit bounds on the can offer advantages in terms of hardware and time precision needed in order to guarantee the correct complexity. identification of the number of faults that have affected the Error Control in Switched Linear Controllers system. C. Hadjicostis,* S. Sundaram Diagnosis and Assessment of Faults, Misbehavior, and [email protected] Threats in Distributed Systems and Networks National Science Foundation, ECS 02-18939 ITR C. N. Hadjicostis,* Y. Ru Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] National Science Foundation, ECS 04-26831 ITR This project develops protection schemes for linear time- invariant (LTI) controllers in switched systems. Tolerance This project addresses the problem of state estimation in against internal controller faults is achieved via discrete event systems (DES) that are modeled by labeled
* Denotes principal investigator.
23 embeddings that preserve the state evolution of the original In particular, the project studies the tradeoffs that arise controller in some encoded form, but enable error detection between system instability, noise level, link delay, and and correction through nonconcurrent (e.g. periodic) packet dropping probability. checks. Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: State Estimation in Switched Linear Systems Economic and Environmental Considerations C. N. Hadjicostis,* S. Sundaram C. N. Hadjicostis,* G. Deltas* [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, ITR 02-24729 EPNES National Science Foundation, ECS 02-24729 EPNES This project develops observer methodologies for switched Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory linear systems that are driven by unknown inputs. The methodologies are based on using (possibly delayed) The goal of the proposed research project is to develop a outputs, and knowledge of the switching sequence and the comprehensive framework for studying reliability and system dynamics in order to decouple the unknown inputs sustainable operation of energy processing systems in from the observer error. regulated economic markets. The successful completion of this project can have potentially significant implications in An Integrated Approach to Fault Tolerance in characterizing and evaluating the economic and Discrete-Time Dynamic Systems environmental consequences of reliable designs for future C. Hadjicostis,* E. Athanasopoulou commercial power generation and distribution systems. [email protected] National Science Foundation, ECS 00-92696 CAREER Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: Fault Tolerance Considerations Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory C. N. Hadjicostis,* L. Li This project develops systematic approaches for modeling, [email protected] detecting, identifying, and correcting faults in order to National Science Foundation, ECS 02-24729 EPNES ensure the proper functionality of discrete-time dynamic Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory systems or networks. The project takes a system-theoretic viewpoint and aims to characterize the fundamental The main goal of this research project is to develop a limitations of fault-tolerant designs by jointly exploiting comprehensive framework for dynamical state estimation, system-, coding-, and information-theoretic techniques. fault detection, and fault accommodation in energy processing systems. This includes terrestrial and A Robust Control Approach to Digital autonomous power systems, as well as electric drives and Communications power electronic systems, as found in civilian and military C. Hadjicostis,* P. Voulgaris,* R. Touri sectors. In particular, this project aims at making [email protected] connections with traditional fault tolerance techniques by National Science Foundation, CCR 00-85917 ITR developing distributed monitoring/correcting schemes and Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory by explicitly accounting for the system dynamics before overcoming faults that affect the functionality of the This project develops a deterministic worst-case system. framework for reconstruction of discrete (source) data transmissions through dispersive communication Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: channels. This framework can be explored based on robust Effect of Packet Drops in Networked Control Systems control ideas and formulations and serves as a complement C. N. Hadjicostis,* H. Mo to existing approaches that reconstruct data by optimizing [email protected] probabilistic criteria. National Science Foundation, ITR 02-24729 EPNES Data Centric Sensor Networks This research project deals with issues arising in J. Hou,* P. R. Kumar, L. Sha controlling and monitoring real-time systems over National Science Foundation, ANI 02-21357 heterogeneous communication networks. The project aims at studying the performance of variants of state feedback Conducted in the Digital Computer Laboratory and the control schemes in a network setup where packets can be Coordinated Science Laboratory lost or delayed due to deteriorating network performance. This project investigates sensor networks.
* Denotes principal investigator.
24 Communicating Networked Control Systems A Network Virtual Machine for Real-Time P. R. Kumar* Coordination Services U.S. Army Research Office, Multidisciplinary Research P. R. Kumar* Program of the University Research Initiative, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, F33615-01- DAAD19-01010-465 C-1905 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory The goal of this project is to investigate the modeling, The goal of this proposal is the creation of a real-time analysis, design, and control of communicating networked network coordination and control layer (middleware) that systems of sensors and actuators on fixed and mobile abstracts, controls, and ultimately guarantees the aggregate platforms. behavior of large unreliable networks such as those composed of sensors and actuators. Data Centric Sensor Networks P. R. Kumar* Scalable Multilayer Control of Joint Battlespace National Science Foundation Networks P. R. Kumar* Conducted in Coordinated Science Laboratory U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, This project addresses issues related to sensor networks, F49620-02-1-0217 formed by nodes that can sense, wirelessly communicate, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and compute. This project addresses issues relating to communication Efficient Resource Management for Controlled networks, both wireless radio and free-space optical. Mobility Wireless Networks P. R. Kumar* Verification of Probabilistic Hybrid Systems: Stability National Science Foundation and Beyond D. M. Liberzon* Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation, CNS-0614993 This project addresses the design, development and In collaboration with MIT; Conducted in the Coordinated operation of networks that are mobile. Science Laboratory Quality of Surveillance and Control This collaborative project studies dynamical systems P. R. Kumar* characterized by a combination of hybrid and probabilistic Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, behavior. Hybrid behavior is characterized by discrete Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University switching between system modes and continuous Research Initiative, N00014-01-1-0576 evolution within a mode. Such systems frequently arise in Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory a wide range of applications, from power electronics and The objective of this proposal is to create a scientific communication networks to economics and biology. In this foundation for the distributed optimization problem of research, a new modeling framework for such systems is surveillance and control. developed, which supports external variables, compositional reasoning, and nondeterministic as well as Towards a Theory of In-Network Computation for probabilistic transitions. New stability criteria for such Surveillance and Monitoring in Wireless Sensor probabilistic hybrid systems are obtained. In contrast with Networks existing results, they are formulated in terms of two P. R. Kumar* independent components: a family of Lyapunov functions National Science Foundation (one for each continuous mode) and a slow-switching Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory condition of an average-dwell-time type. This modularity has the benefit of decoupling the search for Lyapunov This project addresses the development of a theoretical functions from the verification of the desired properties of foundation for sensor networks. the discrete dynamics. The latter task is the focus of the project, and is treated using two complementary methods: one based on proving an invariant property, and another based on solving an optimization problem. These
* Denotes principal investigator.
25 theoretical results are supported by development of new Control Techniques for Complex Networks software tools. S. Meyn* [email protected] Hybrid Control of Nonlinear Systems National Science Foundation, ECE-02-17836 D. Liberzon* [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation, ECS-0134115 In many application areas and in many scientific Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory disciplines, one seeks methods for managing complexity of man-made or real-world systems. Famous application The research and educational development plan proposed areas include network management in production systems here is aimed at designing hybrid control algorithms. In this and wireless networks; analysis of the stability of candidate framework, a continuous-time process is controlled by pharmaceutical compounds; and the relationship between means of logic-based switching among a family of chromosomal and protein structure. This project concerns regulators. The closed-loop system is then called hybrid several interrelated approaches to managing complexity in because it combines continuous and discrete dynamics. We large interconnected systems. Specific application areas study several situations in which such a control paradigm addressed in the proposal include phase transitions in is natural and helps overcome various shortcomings of molecular models and resource allocation in large network more traditional control methodologies. The primary focus models. of this research is on systematic development of tools for hybrid control design, applicable to general and useful Large-Scale Simulation of Manufacturing and classes of nonlinear dynamical systems. Communication Systems S. Meyn,* S. Henderson (Cornell University) Multiple View Geometry National Science Foundation, DMI-0085165 Y. Ma* University of Illinois Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory In the past decade, we have seen astonishing growth in both the theory and application of queuing networks. Industry The goal of this project is to unify the study of geometry is driving research in communication and data networks, of multiple images into a simple and clean mathematical computer systems, and manufacturing systems. framework where efficient algorithms and systems can be Semiconductor manufacturing plants and the Internet are developed for applications in computer vision, robot two infamous examples of networks of almost vision, computer graphics, cognitive science, and so forth. unimaginable complexity. A powerful need exists for Adaptive Methods for Heterogeneous Wireless methods for deriving and evaluating operational policies Services that may be used to effectively drive these systems. This S. Meyn,* M. Medard, J. Huang project sets out to develop methods for control synthesis National Science Foundation, NSF CCR 99-79381, NSF and evaluation for truly complex networks. ITR 00-85929 Visualization and Optimization Techniques for Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Analysis and Design of Complex Systems With communication and computing systems becoming S. Meyn* increasingly pervasive, future systems will require the National Science Foundation, ECS-0228251 ability to accommodate, in real time, wireless services to Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory support a variety of applications ranging from traditional This project concerns several interrelated approaches to voice and paging services to nomadic computing managing complexity in large interconnected systems. The applications. Different services such as voice, or data, may focus of this project is resource allocation in large network have vastly different requirements in terms of burstiness, models. A related project concerns phase transitions in or rate and quality of service (QoS) requirements. We molecular models. This research will provide new design consider coding, routing, and traffic rate mechanisms to methodologies and efficient approaches to simulation and provide smooth heterogeneous services to a variety of users online tuning of control algorithms. via wireless access to a network.
* Denotes principal investigator.
26 An Integrated Exploration of Wireless Network introduce significant stability and transparency problems Communication with respect to communication delay, packet loss, and S. Meyn* other communication effects. [email protected] U.S.-France Cooperative Research: Passivity Based National Science Foundation, ITR-00-85929 Control of Networked Control Systems Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory M. W. Spong,* R. Ortega (CNRS, France) National Science Foundation Grant 0128656 This research studies the design of agile wireless networks that accommodate time variations in the communication Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory channels, the information sources, and the network This award supports U.S.-France collaboration in control topology. The research will lead to design principles that, systems between Mark W. Spong of the University of in addition to enabling more efficient use of the current Illinois and Romeo Ortega of the Signal and Systems cellular and PCS bands, will allow exploitation of Laboratory at SUPELEC, a French center for research in frequency bands in the 10-100 GHz range to provide high- electrical engineering. The objective is to investigate speed multimedia services for both indoor and outdoor passive nonlinear control of networked control systems, in applications. particular, systems involving bilateral remote operation Passivity-Based Control in Bipedal Locomotion (teleoperation) over unreliable communication networks. M. W. Spong,* J. Holm, D. Herring, J.-S. Moon, The problem is motivated by interest in wireless A. Block, T. Filipiak communication in imbedded real time control systems and National Science Foundation Grant 0510119 the use of the Internet as a communication medium in teleoperated and networked control systems. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Reliable and Robust Control of Formations of The project explores bipedal locomotion in the context of Unmanned Vehicles passivity based hybrid nonlinear control. We are D. Stipanovic,* M. W. Spong,* P. Hokayem, C. Burns, investigating speed regulation, the use of alternate J. Mejia potential functions to increase the basins of attraction of The Boeing Company stable limit cycles, the effect of control saturation and underactuation in passivity based control, and the Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory efficiency of passivity based control methods compared to This project is to develop reliable and robust control true energy optimal control. The goal is to help solidify the architectures for networks of autonomous aerial and foundations of the field through analysis, development of ground vehicles. The aim is to develop control laws that new concepts, and the design of provably correct control have low sensitivity to noisy and lossy data communication algorithms. among vehicles, that are scalable in terms of number of Telemanipulation in Multi-Robot Networks vehicles, and that have the ability to handle discrete M. W. Spong,* D.-J. Lee, N. Chopra, P. Hokayem, transitions in the network, such as formation S. Mastellone, K. Kunal, O. Martinez-Palafox, reconfiguration, addition or loss of vehicles from the E. Rodriguez-Seda formation, and so forth. Applications of this work include Office of Naval Research, Grant N00014-05-1-0186 undersea and planetary exploration, search and rescue, air traffic control, and control of sensor networks. Both Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory theoretical and experimental issues are being investigated. In this project, we are addressing fundamental issues in communication, coordination, and teleoperated control of multiple agents in coordinated manipulation tasks. While multiagent coordination and control problems such as swarming, flocking, and rendezvous have been studied by several researchers, much less work has gone into the teleoperated control of multirobot networks, especially when the multirobot network is expected to engage in tasks involving both manipulation and motion coordination. Manipulation tasks require haptic and force feedback that
* Denotes principal investigator.
27 CT, helping to make it a feasible and commercially viable Digital Signal and Imaging Processing technology for wide use. Efficient Algorithms for Lossless Data and Image Fast Algorithms for Tomography Compression Y. Bresler,* S. Basu, F. Charpentier, J. Brokish, Y. Bresler,* D. Baron A. George National Science Foundation, CCR-0122293 National Science Foundation, CCR-9972980 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory In spite of the focus in recent years on lossy compression Computerized Tomography (CT) is the principle of audio, images, and video, lossless data compression underlying most of the key diagnostic imaging modalities remains crucial in applications such as text files, and many other imaging techniques, including synthetic facsimiles, software executables, and medical imaging. aperture radar. We are developing new image Universal source coding algorithms, which deal with reconstruction techniques that require only computations sources whose statistics are unknown, are of particular for an image, as compared to computations for the current importance. The main goal of this research is to develop method of choice, the filtered backprojection (FBP). These algorithms featuring fast computation and low memory techniques are orders of magnitude faster than FBP for use, while providing compression quality near the typical images and promise to overcome the computational fundamental theoretical bounds. The resulting algorithms bottleneck created by new imaging technologies that will have linear complexity and will be better than any acquire large quantities of data in real time. Similar current algorithm with comparable asymptotic developments are pursued for iterative and for 3-D compression performance, in terms of computation and/or reconstruction. memory use. Some versions of these algorithms will also Minimum-Redundancy Spatiotemporal MRI have simple structure, admitting fast hardware Y. Bresler,* Z. P. Liang,* N. Aggarwal implementations. A special focus of this research is also on National Science Foundation, BES-0201876 parallel algorithms that allow arbitrary speedup while maintaining the same compression quality. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Fast Algorithms for 3-D Cone-Beam Tomography Since its inception in the early 1970s, magnetic resonance Y. Bresler,* J. Brokish, A. George imaging (MRI) has become a premier diagnostic imaging [email protected] tool. Although its early applications were largely limited National Science Foundation, CCR-0209203 to stationary objects, MRI has also proven extremely useful in recent years for dynamic imaging applications, such as Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory cardiac, functional, or interventional imaging. An In cone-beam tomography, projections are acquired by an important challenge confronting dynamic MRI (D-MRI) is area detector, using a source of divergent rays traveling on to obtain both high spatial and high temporal resolution, one of several possible trajectories. It is already used in with three dimensional imaging capability. The goal of this current PET and SPECT scanners and in nondestructive research is to develop, implement, and test rigorously a evaluation (NDE) in manufacturing, and it will be the basis new unified theoretical framework for minimum- for the next generation of diagnostic CT scanners. This will redundancy D-MRI data acquisition and image allow use of CT as a dynamic imaging modality for cardiac reconstruction. In this framework, dynamic imaging is imaging, or for real-time surgical guidance in medicine, or treated as a higher-dimensional image reconstruction as a high-throughput NDE system in manufacturing, or as problem, with time being an independent axis. Instead of a high-accuracy security baggage scanner in airports. attempting to freeze all motion by sufficiently fast Unfortunately, the high computational cost of current acquisition, time variation during acquisition is explicitly cone-beam reconstruction algorithms constitutes a major accounted for in the steps of MRI sequence design, data barrier to their applications. We are developing new image acquisition, and image reconstruction. The approach draws reconstruction techniques that require only computations on and extends theories and algorithms introduced by the for an image. These techniques can be 100 times faster than researchers over the past few years and offers the potential current methods for typical images and promise to for significant speedups of the imaging process. overcome the computational bottleneck in 3-D cone-beam Furthermore, combination of the theory and techniques developed in this project with fast-scan methods and with
* Denotes principal investigator.
28 methods based on phased-array RF coils will produce Model-Based Tomographic Imaging Methods combined speedups, greater than any one of the individual Z. P. Liang,* J. Ji, Y. Bresler* approaches. National Institutes of Health, R21 HL62336 Unwrapping Phase Images Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory R. Koetter,* D. C. Munson,* Z. P. Liang* The mathematical basis of tomographic imaging is National Science Foundation, CCR 01-05719 conventionally rooted in the well-established Fourier or Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory radon transform theories, so that image quality is mainly dependent on how the data space is sampled. In practice, The primary goal of the project is to develop optimal physical and temporal constraints often prevent a sufficient algorithms for the long-standing problem of unwrapping coverage of the data space, resulting in various image phase images from various imaging modalities such as artifacts, such as Gibbs ringing, resolution degradation, SAR and MRI. Probabilistic inference algorithms will be and various motion effects. This project is aimed at developed and tested using SAR and MRI as testbeds. Prof. overcoming these problems by developing new model- Liang is responsible for phase unwrapping of MRI data. based imaging techniques that can incorporate a priori Brain Image Segmentation by Integrated Multiscale information into the imaging process effectively. Analysis and Shape Deformation Application of these techniques to cardiac imaging and Z. P. Liang,* S. Wang functional brain mapping is also addressed. NEC Research Lab; University of Illinois Research Board Multisensor Information Fusion Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Z. P. Liang, H. Pan, K.-Y. Cheng* and Technology [email protected] Brain image segmentation is an important and challenging Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, engineering problem confronting brain mapping. By MDA972-00-1-0020 accurately segmenting gray-scale brain images into Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory various brain structures, we will be able to effectively This project is a component of research conducted in the visualize three-dimensional brain structures and carry out Center for Bio-Optoelectronic Sensor Systems (BOSS). meaningful neuromorphometric studies. The long-term The primary mission of this center is to develop sensor and goal of this project is to develop and implement a unified processing technology for detection of biochemical agents processing software platform to effectively support various in battlefield situations. Prof. Liang is responsible for information processing tasks in neuroimaging or brain developing statistical algorithms for multisensor mapping. The specific aim of the project is to capitalize on information fusion. our recent, novel work on graph-based multiscale image analysis and shape deformation to produce an efficient, Statistical Image Reconstruction accurate, and reliable algorithm for identifying brain Z. P. Liang,* C. Potter, B. Carragher structures from MR images. We expect to accomplish three National Institutes of Health, RO1 GM61939 specific tasks during the project period: complete the Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science development of a novel graph-theoretic algorithm for and Technology multiscale analysis of MR brain images; further develop, perfect, and validate a topology-preserving shape The primary goal of the project is to develop practical deformation algorithm so that prior shape information of image reconstruction methods for high-resolution imaging brain structures can be incorporated into the image from electron microscopy data, particularly in the presence segmentation process effectively; and integrate multiscale of uncertainties in data acquisition parameters (a projection analysis with shape deformation for accurate segmentation angle for example). We formulate the problem as a of brain images and develop a prototype software system statistical parameter estimation problem by introducing a to facilitate the application of the developed algorithms for proper model for the object (for instance, a virus) to be practical applications in brain mapping. imaged. This research effort promises to provide a brand- new solution to the long-standing problem in electron microscopy.
* Denotes principal investigator.
29 recent advances in microelectromechanical systems Electromagnetic Communication and (MEMS). More specifically, we intend to fabricate and test Electronics Packaging a microprobe structure that will permit the high-frequency characterization of submicron interconnects and devices in CAD Tools for Communications Microsystems integrated circuits. J. Schutt-Ainé,* D. Lambalot, L. Jiang Development and Modeling of Flip Chip and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, AF Interconnect Package Technology for Ka and W Band ECE0849 J. Schutt-Ainé,* F. Liu Recent developments in the area of wireless National Science Foundation, E-21-N50-G5 communication systems and microelectromechanical In collaboration with the National Science Foundation systems (MEMS) have enabled the networking of Package Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology distributed transducers in a wireless mode. It is now possible to integrate monolithic microwave integrated The electrical performance of mixed-signal integrated circuit (MMIC) front-end modules with MEMS circuits strongly depends on the electromagnetic behavior components such as antennas, switches, and filters. Our of the components within the system. Future wireless and objective is to supply the necessary CAD tools to improve personal communication links will be strongly influenced first-pass success and reduce design iterations for such by these considerations. Currently, millimeter-wave systems. In particular, electromagnetic techniques are used monolithic ICs (MMICs) chip sets are under development to model various MEMS switch structures. These are in the 24-94 GHz range. In recent years, power distribution combined with simulation techniques to predict the and parasitic noise control have become critical issues in transient and steady state response of these components. the design of these MMICs. Nowadays, with increased The goal is to reduce the design cycle from several years frequencies, interconnect schemes, layout, and power to one week in the successful implementation of these distribution have become mainstream design issues. It is MEMS structures. now recognized in the CAD community that electromagnetic effects will generally take place at the Design and Fabrication of MEMS Probe Station forefront and will represent the critical limiting factor of J. Schutt-Ainé,* C. Liu, D. Lambalot MMICs performance. The collaborative effort between University of Illinois Research Board Georgia Institute of Technology and the University of Recent advances in microelectronics have led to Illinois focuses on developing the technology support for considerable reduction in size of components in integrated the implementation of low-cost packaging solutions for circuits (ICs). Typical VLSI circuits have dimensions in MMICs. This is to be achieved by harnessing the modeling, the submicron range and feature size that can be as low as simulation, design, fabrication, and measurement 0.25 microns. This reduction is a result of several infrastructure built over the past decade at these two requirements for higher density and shorter institutions. interconnection delays. Future state-of-the-art Hardware Acceleration of Newton Solver microprocessors will accommodate more than a million J. Schutt-Ainé,* M. Das Gupta, D. Prasanna, R. Gao, transistors in an area of a few hundred squared millimeters. Y. Mekonnen Along with these trends, several issues related to signal Demaco/SAIC integrity and testing have moved to the forefront. With submicron dimensions, interconnect resistance has In this project, we plan to demonstrate the effectiveness of become a major bottleneck in circuit performance, leading implementing a Newton solver in hardware on a PCI bus to signal degradation and delays. In addition, measurement card. The effort focuses on the use of the TI-TMS320C and testing in submicron geometries, which allows for family of digital signal processor for the implementation determining the performance of the structure, is a of the solver. The implementation of fast Newton solver is challenging task. Nowadays, the methods employed to be first realized and tested before being implemented consist of fabricating special-purpose test vehicles for into a digital signal processor. We plan to provide evaluation, which often require expensive mask processes documentation and interface requirements to allow users and complex de-embedding schemes. This investigation to install the hardware card and utilize it from programs. proposes to implement a nondestructive testing methodology for submicron integrated circuits using the
* Denotes principal investigator.
30 High-Frequency Measurements and Validation of in models and analytical methods without which the Electromagnetic Models in Scattering, Interconnects, development of reliable design tools would be impossible. and Optoelectronics Packaging and interconnects nowadays represent a critical J. Schutt-Ainé* area for the design of high-performance digital systems. U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AF JS 1660 State-of the-art computational electromagnetic techniques necessitate large processing power and memory There is tremendous demand for increased capacity in requirements. As the speed of high performance digital high-speed communication networks and novel circuits increases, the full-wave characteristics of applications in optical control of antenna phased arrays. interconnects becomes important. The feasibility of using With clock rates in the GHz range, interconnect the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for considerations and electromagnetic phenomena have interconnect parameter extraction had been demonstrated moved to the forefront in the design of high-speed earlier. The main advantage of the FDTD technique is its computers. Microwave modulation of optoelectronic ability to model complicated structures and to account for devices, such as semiconductor lasers and modulators, the frequency dependence of the parameters. However, the plays an important role in determining the high-speed computational efficiency and memory requirements performance of these devices. Continuing development of seriously limit the practicality of FDTD, especially for high-speed optical communication systems is contingent three-dimensional problems. Recent advances in upon advances in high-speed sources and wavelength distributed and parallel computing require one to address conversion devices. While numerous theoretical models the hardware-dependent aspects of these computational have been developed to predict ways to improve these issues. The Orion Project takes advantage of the devices, much experimental work remains in order to availability of low-cost PC components. Presently, mini- verify these models and characterize devices based on new supercomputers can be built at a moderate cost by using designs. This project proposes the experimental validation fast communication networks. Moreover, the availability of various computational models in inverse scattering, of software libraries for distributed computing, such as the wave propagation, interconnects, and optoelectronics. parallel virtual machine (PVM) and the message passing Most of the emphasis will be on the higher frequency range interface (MPI), have rendered the software development where measurement information is nonexistent. In recent within these environments easier. years, computational electromagnetics has received growing interest due to the availability of fast computers Low-Cost Fully Monolithic RF Integrated Circuits for and the recent development of fast algorithms. Models that Wireless Applications allow the prediction of the most complex problems in J. Schutt-Ainé* scattering and wave propagation have been implemented. National Science Foundation, ECS-9979292 Unfortunately, the experimental verification of these The performance of radio frequency (RF) integrated models is seriously lagging, especially at higher circuits will strongly influence the versatility and frequencies where measurement accuracy and portability of future wireless communication systems. repeatability are more difficult to achieve. This project will With the ever-increasing demands for higher bandwidth allow us to determine the frequency range of validity of the and capacity as well as reductions in size, weight, and cost, computational models and generate useful information for the need for more robust and efficient RF circuits is high-frequency operation of radiating, optoelectronics, and expected to increase. Currently, millimeter-wave waveguiding systems. monolithic ICs (MMICs) chip sets are under development High-Performance Computing for the Electromagnetic in the 24-94 GHz range and will represent the platform for Modeling of Interconnects and Packages the RF components of most wireless systems. With the J. Schutt-Ainé,* D. Prasanna, R. Gao recent advent of microelectromechanical systems Demaco/SAIC (MEMS), new potentials are being discovered for applications in the RF/millimeter wave ranges. In order to The electromagnetic modeling of packages and implement RFICs for future wireless communication interconnects plays a very important role in the design of systems, several fundamental issues must be resolved. high-speed digital circuits and is most efficiently First, a design methodology must be devised and tested. performed by using computer-aided design algorithms. In Next, a low-cost solution for the integration of MEMS the past two decades, researchers in the electromagnetic technology into existing MMIC processes must be and microwave areas have worked to extend the knowledge developed as well as a reliable packaging scheme. Finally, of interconnection properties. Their efforts have resulted
* Denotes principal investigator.
31 a robust platform of design guidelines, tools, and Modeling and Simulation of Embedded Transmission characterization techniques must be made available to Line Structures ensure reliable implementation of these communication J. Schutt-Ainé,* F. Liu systems. More specifically, the effort will focus on these Raytheon Systems tasks: developing a computer-aided design environment Embedded transmission line (ETL) structures have for the robust implementation of MMICs and MEMS as become very commonplace in many high-frequency and well as the generation of reliable design guidelines; high-speed electronic systems; however, the analysis and implementing a robust MEMS process for the fabrication design tools needed for their design are not readily of switches, filters, and tunable capacitors; integration of available. The objective of this effort is the modeling, MEMS components into a reliable and well-established extraction, and simulation of three-dimensional complex MMIC process; devising a low-cost and reliable packaging interconnect structures embedded in multilayer structures. solution for RFICs. Executions of these tasks will make use The focus of the work will be on the development of of the existing infrastructure and expertise of the principal software tools that facilitate and automate the designer's investigators in the related areas. These will define several task. The tools will be based on recently developed design-build-test cycles that will be optimized through electromagnetic parameter extraction techniques to several iterations during the course of the project. Special determine the electrical parasitic capacitance and attention will be devoted to demonstrating the feasibility inductance coefficients of these structures. These of these various tasks. Moreover, a testbed prototype will parameters can next be used with efficient simulation be implemented to validate the proposed flow and assess algorithms to predict the signal response of ETL structures the hardware advantages of the designed RFICs. and provide information about noise immunity and high- Measurement and Test of Components for Optical speed performance. This will permit the generation of Communication Applications reliable design guidelines as well as a significant reduction J. Schutt-Ainé,* M. Angert, Z. Deng in the time to market. Xindium Technologies, Inc. National Course in Signal Integrity High-speed optical communication systems are presently J. Schutt-Ainé* improving in speed in response to ever-increasing IEEE CPMT; National Science Foundation bandwidth requirements of users. Demand for high-speed Signal integrity has become a critical area in the design of digital access will dramatically increase in the future, high-speed communications systems and fast computers. leading to many opportunities in this area. In order to Many research areas have emerged from industry and economically meet the needs of future high bit rate universities to address issues related to electrical systems, significant changes to component and system performance. However, the educational infrastructure is architectures will be required. Current commercial systems seriously lagging. The goal of the National Course in operating at 2.5 Gb/s (OC-48) data rates are implemented Signal Integrity project (http://natcsi.ece.uiuc.edu) project at present using discrete InGaAs photodetectors is to establish a web-based educational platform that will wirebonded to electronic integrated circuits for signal provide the education necessary for aggressive packaging processing. At bit rates of up to 2.5 Gb/s, an InGaAs schemes in the area of signal integrity. This is achieved by photodetector or APD is coupled to sophisticated Si-based providing a better understanding of electromagnetics electronics with high levels of functional integration to problems and through the use of modeling and simulation realize photoreceiver modules that incorporate logic tools. With the emergence of visualization tools and online thresholding, clock and data timing recovery, and simulation packages, access to both qualitative and demultiplexing functions in a single package. Advanced quantitative answers is immediate. In addition to the signal processing, including coding and decoding for error standard components of web-based courses, we have correction is also implemented in the transceiver circuitry. focused our attention on two major components. In the first The objective of this project is the measurement of high- part of the project, a Movie Creator was implemented to speed components to 50 GHz. The measurements are allow the incorporation of taped lectures into a website performed in the Electromagnetics Laboratory, where with synchronization between the audio and video high-frequency and high-speed testing instruments are components. In the second part of the project, an efficient available. Perl/Java interface was created that permits the execution of signal integrity modeling and simulation CAD tools in the web server. The study of signal integrity issues is
* Denotes principal investigator.
32 strongly dependent on the ability to simulate and model Intelligent Portable Antenna Systems for High-Speed signal propagation. This task seeks to supply circuit Wireless Communication modeling and simulation capabilities using state-of-the-art J. T. Bernhard* techniques and analysis tools that were previously [email protected] developed. A combination of visualization tools and the National Science Foundation CAREER Award, ECS ability to perform online simulations can provide students 99-83460 with immediate access to both qualitative and quantitative High-speed wireless data communication faces two answers. Using our newly developed tool, simulation challenges: high error rates caused by interference and results can be displayed and examined in a web browser unpredictable environments, and limited functionality and shortly after execution. This unique feature of executing battery life at the portable unit. "Intelligent" or "smart" CAD software via the Web will be a major asset in learning antenna systems that respond to changing operating environment. conditions can help meet these challenges. This research develops intelligent portable antenna systems to improve Electromagnetics the reliability, throughput, and noise immunity of high- speed wireless communication networks. Specifically, this Antennas for Wireless Sensors project implements new compact radiation-tunable J. T. Bernhard* antennas with a performance-driven fuzzy controller. This [email protected] novel approach views portable antennas as dynamic U.S. Office of Naval Research through the NCASSR components of the communication system, creating a new Program/NCSA paradigm for antenna design and control. The emergence of wireless sensor systems promises to Low-Profile Radiators in Aperiodic Wideband Arrays change the way we control our environments, make J. T. Bernhard,* P. Mayes, E. Michielssen decisions, and promote health and safety. While numerous [email protected] research projects on wireless sensors exist, very few U.S. Army Research Office, DAAD 19-02-1-0398 address the critical technology of antennas that enable This project develops a family of low-profile antennas and wireless communication. Several projects in this area associated array methodologies for wideband applications propose to use standard off-the-shelf antennas, but this where traditional periodic patch arrays severely limit choice often limits the capabilities of the system by performance. The work includes the development of ignoring the unique requirements and environment of the specialized simulation tools as well as extensive application. In this project, we are developing both a measurements to characterize both individual and arrayed general methodology for the development of antennas for elements. wireless sensor systems as well as several designs for specific applications. Miniaturized Antennas in Random Sensor Arrays for Planetary Surface and Atmosphere Exploration Electromagnetic Study of Integrated Hearing Aid J. T. Bernhard,* A. C. Singer, P. E. Mayes, Antennas E. Michielssen J. T. Bernhard* [email protected] [email protected] National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Phonak Communications NAG3-2840 Coordinated signal processing between hearing aids allows In this project, we are developing size-appropriate, hearing-impaired individuals to focus on conversations electrically small (miniaturized) antennas with moderate without having to listen to background noise. A wired bandwidths for such sensors as well as processing connection between the hearing aids and a central algorithms for random arrays that enable the sensors to processing unit makes the system more obtrusive than work together to communicate their data to remote traditional hearing aids. This research project clarifies and collection sites regardless of their relative positions or predicts performance with both in-the-ear and behind-the- orientations. The array will configure itself to form a beam ear hearing aid antennas. in a general direction that can be intercepted by a passing orbiter or directed to a particular satellite- or surface-based receiver. The project will culminate with a testbed
* Denotes principal investigator.
33 demonstration using the developed antennas and Modeling of Well-Logging Tools processing algorithms. W. C. Chew,* Y. Liu [email protected] Reconfigurable Antennas for High Data Rate Schlumberger-Chew Multibeam Communication Systems J. T. Bernhard,* E. Michielssen This project proposes to use fast integral equation solvers [email protected] at low frequencies to model the physics of well-logging National Aeronautics and Space Administration, tools. There are challenges due to conductive losses as well NAG3-2555 as low-frequency breakdown of integral equations. This research develops new, individually reconfigurable Modeling with Equivalence Principle Algorithm planar antenna array elements that can be adjusted to W. C. Chew,* M. K. Li provide multiple beams while providing increased scan [email protected] angles and higher aperture efficiencies than traditional SRC 2006-KJ-1401 diffraction-limited arrays. With the help of powerful This project collaborates with Intel to study the modeling simulation capabilities developed under the project, these of complex structures in circuits for computer design using antennas will be potential candidates for use in both large the equivalence principle algorithm. Huygens-like and small arrays for forward inter-satellite communication equivalence principle is used to reduce the unknown counts as well as tracking of multiple mobile surface-based units. for mutual interactions between complex structures. Wideband Conformal Antennas and Arrays Parallelization of Preconditioners J. T. Bernhard* W. C. Chew,* A. Hesford [email protected] [email protected] U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, FA8718-04-C-0060 SRC 2006-KJ-1412 This project investigates the fundamental characterization This project collaborates with IBM to study the used of of suitable wideband conformal microstrip-based antennas parallel algorithms to expedite the calculation of the as single elements and in arrays and explores possible reduced-coupling preconditioner. The preconditioner is approaches to expand the operating frequency bands and then used in an iterative solver to accelerate the solution, performance of planar and conformal arrays. These and optimize its memory efficiency. approaches encompass the use of novel substrates and antenna designs, array designs that allow wideband Sound Mitigation of Noise Source performance, such as random and connected array W. C. Chew,* M. S. Tong topologies, and implementation of antenna reconfiguration [email protected] to enable wideband operation of planar and conformal U.S. Army, W9132T-06-2-0006 arrays. This project studies the use of complex structures to A Wireless Embedded Sensor System to Monitor and mitigate sound waves produced by army proving ground Assess Corrosion in the Tendons of Prestressed facilities. We will model complex structures with integral Concrete Girders equations for acoustic and elastic waves. The integral J. T. Bernhard,* D. A. Kuchma, H. Reis equations solutions will be accelerated with fast solvers. [email protected] Then the solutions will be used to design sound mitigation National Science Foundation, CMS 02-01305 structures. A multidisciplinary team of three researchers with Subsurface Navigation Algorithm expertise in the areas of nondestructive evaluation, W. C. Chew,* C. P. Davis, P. Atkins, W. Tucker wireless communication, and structural modeling are [email protected] developing a wireless embedded sensor system to examine AF Sub Raytheon 2600 corrosion of tendons in prestressed concrete girders. The This project studies the possibility of geographically project illustrates the importance of integrating locating an underground personnel, such as a coal miner, technologies and expertise from several fields in solving using radio location method. It involves forward and complex information flow problems. inverse modeling of radio wave field at low frequencies in inhomogeneous meida.
* Denotes principal investigator.
34 Advanced Integral Equation Computer Program High-Order Hybrid Finite Element Technology for J. Jin,* M. Kowalski, B. Singh Simulation of Large-Scale Array Antennas Embedded Mission Research Corp. in Inhomogeneous Media J. Jin,* T. Rylander, Z. Lou The objective of this project is to develop advanced U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1-0210 physics-based basis functions for the integral equation solution of electromagnetic scattering problems. Such The objective of this project is to develop a high-order basis functions would increase the maximum electrical hybrid finite element technique that is capable of dimension of structures analyzed using method-of- simulating large array antennas embedded in moments-based computer programs. The simulation inhomogeneous media. This includes the development of capability will be further enhanced by utilizing a multilevel a novel hybridization technique that combines the finite fast multipole iterative solver. element and boundary integral methods for efficient and accurate analysis of electromagnetic problems and the Fast Frequency-Sweep Analysis of Electromagnetic analysis of dielectric-embedded antennas on a large, Problems complex platform, a problem that is of significant J. Jin,* D. Jiao, F. Ling importance to the Navy. It is well known that deploying U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, antennas on a platform, such as a ship’s topside, inevitably Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University introduces distortion in their radiation patterns and causes Research Initiative mutual coupling. The distortion in the radiation patterns This project applies the asymptotic waveform evaluation may reduce the desired coverage for effective method to a variety of electromagnetic problems for a fast communications and compromise the accuracy for frequency-sweep analysis. These problems include isolating and locating targets. The existence of mutual scattering by a perfectly electric conducting (PEC) body, coupling, caused by space waves, surface waves, and radiation of wire antennas on a PEC body, scattering by a scattering by the platform, reduces the electromagnetic dispersive dielectric body, scattering and radiation of isolation between the antennas and consequently makes it conformal cavity-backed microstrip patch antennas, and difficult to operate the antennas simultaneously. Therefore, microstrip circuits in a multiplayer medium. The use of it is important to develop accurate numerical prediction AWE can speed up the analysis by more than an order of tools to characterize the radiation patterns and mutual magnitude. coupling of the antennas mounted on a complex, often High-Order Computational Electromagnetics large, platform. Techniques Hybrid Methods for Electromagnetic Scattering J. Jin, K. Donepudi, Z. Lou, X. Wang J. Jin* Air Force Research Laboratory/SAIC, AF SAIC U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 4400041703 Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University The objective of this project is to develop high-order Research Initiative computational electromagnetics methods for a variety of In this project, researchers develop hybrid numerical electromagnetic problems such as antennas, scattering, and methods to compute electromagnetic scattering from circuits. The high-order methods include the partial realistic three-dimensional targets. These hybrid methods differential equation based (such as the finite element combine high-frequency techniques (such as the shooting- method) and the integral equation based (such as the and-bouncing-ray technique) and low-frequency method of moments). These methods are characterized by techniques (such as the finite-element and integral their high-order convergence and can provide much more equation methods) to capitalize on the advantages and accurate modeling of problem geometry as well as more eliminate the disadvantages of both. As a result, they are accurate representation of electromagnetic fields and accurate and efficient and can be applied to large, complex currents than traditional low-order numerical methods. targets.
* Denotes principal investigator.
35 Numerical Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering by time domain. The focus is directed toward the FFT-based Jet Engine Inlets time-domain integral equation solvers and the robust time- J. Jin,* K. Mao domain finite element solvers. In the time-domain integral Air Force Research Laboratory/SAIC, AF SAIC equation solvers, the goal is to reduce the computational 4400041703 complexity by utilizing the FFT technology. In the time- domain finite element solvers, the emphasis is on the mesh The objective of this project is to develop an accurate and truncation techniques using either perfectly matched layers efficient numerical technique to characterize the scattering or boundary integral equations. properties of jet engine inlets. This program is considered a grand challenge in computational electromagnetics, which is critical for designing low-observable air vehicles High Frequency Devices and for developing reliable automatic target recognition techniques. New solution algorithms will be developed to 38-GHz Ion Implantation GaAs MESFET Technology deal with huge numerical matrix systems and to suppress Transfer Program numerical dispersion errors. M. Feng,* J. Middleton, S. K. Hsia Northrop Grumman Corp.; M/A-Com/Amp Optimal Design of MRI-Guided Electromagnetic Hyperthermia Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory J. Jin,* M. Kowalski This project is aimed at the technology transfer of the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship University of Illinois 0.25 μm gate GaAs MESFET for 24- This project concerns with the use of RF electromagnetic GHz and 38-GHz MMICs for LNA and VCO to M/A-Com. power for oncological hyperthermia of deeply seated for low-cost production. cancerous tumors. It is widely recognized that achieving 50-GHz Ion Implanted GaAs MESFET effective hyperthermia treatment of deep-seated tumors M. Feng,* H. Hsia, Z. Tang, D. Beecher within the body without the formation of undesired hot TriQuint Semiconductor spots is a difficult problem, requiring automatic optimization procedures. We will deal with this problem Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory by developing an integrated approach that combines This program is to study the 50 GHz to 100 GHz ion electromagnetics, thermodynamics, and feedback control implanted GaAs MESFET for millimeter-wave integrated theory to develop a design/optimization software. The circuit application. approach will utilize the cutting edge technology (MRI) for guiding the hyperthermia process. 50-GHz Ion-implanted Enhanced/Depletion/Power GaAs MESFETs Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Method for M. Feng,* H. Hsia, D. Becher, Z. Tang, J. J. Hwang, Electromagnetic Field Computation S. Shen J. Jin* Network Device Inc. National Science Foundation, ECS 94-57735 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The goal of this project is to develop a finite-element method using vector elements for electromagnetic analysis This project is to develop enhancement mode, depletion of electronic devices, circuits, antennas, and radar mode, and power mode (E/D/P) GaAs MESFETs operated scattering. Special emphasis is on the method's accuracy, at 50 GHz. efficiency, and versatility. Both frequency and time- 50-GHz Self-Aligned Gate MESFETs domain methods will be investigated and evaluated. M. Feng,* D. Becher, D. Caruth Specific applications will be demonstrated. Vitesse Semiconductor Corp. Time-Domain Simulation of Electromagnetic Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Phenomena J. Jin, A. Yilmaz, T. Rylander We have investigate Vitesse self-aligned gate MESFET for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the analog applications in term of noise gain and power. F49620-01-1-0228 We have compare performance with the University of Illinois realigned gate FET with Vitesse and to understand The objective of this project is to develop novel numerical device improvement issues. techniques to simulate electromagnetic phenomena in the
* Denotes principal investigator.
36 ADC Circuit Design on a Sigma-Delta Modulator Development Materials for GaN-based Minority- M. Feng,* M. Heins, D. Barlage Carrier Power Electronic Devices for Advanced DoD U.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-96-0218 (Intel Systems Fellowship) M. Feng,* J. Lai, K. Price Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, GaN Power Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Program (under UTA team-Prof. Russel Dupuis) This project is aimed at design of 3 Gbit/s for an 8-bit ADC. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Our first goal is to design the subcircuits library of comparator, sample, and hold circuit and OA design of an This program is to study material interface of ADC. heterjunction, minority carrier transport property in GaN HBT system, since HBT provides high linearity and high AlGaAs/GaAs HBT Modeling efficiency power amplification. M. Feng,* P. Mares, M. Hein Rockwell Microelectronics, Inc. Digital Radar Receiver M. Feng,* J. Fendrich Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Mayo Foundation; Defense Advanced Research Projects This project aims to establish a useful SPICE model for Agency HBT integrated circuits application. Our approach is based Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory on 45-MHz to 50-GHz bias-dependent microwave data collection on an HBT device using HP-ICCAP. This project performs the design and fabrication of an RF Temperature-dependent microwave data collection will be front end (400-700 MHz) fully tunable receiver system. included in the model. We are working closely with the Mayo Foundation MIT- Lincoln Lab and Defense Advanced Research Projects CAD Design Tools for an Integrated Millimeter-Wave Agency to build two brassboard RF receiver front ends for Wireless Communication Microsystem digital radar applications. M. Feng,* S. C. Shen, J. J. Hwang, M. Heins Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Direct Ion Implantation GaAs MESFETs F30602-97-2-0328 M. Feng,* H. Hsia, Z. Tang, D. Becher, S. Shen GaAstronics Co. In collaboration with C. Liu. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory We are developing CAD capabilities for a gigahertz This project is to develop low-cost ion-implanted GaAs wireless communication and distribution microsystems. MESFETs for 5.8-GHz MMICs. We are also developing scalable MMIC modules with GaAs- and InP-based HBT Reliability integrated MEMS components. M. Feng,* D. Barlage, M. Heins Center of Hyper Uniform Nanophotonic Technologies U.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-94-0369 for Ultrafast Optoelectronic Systems Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory M. Feng,* R. Chan, K. Cimino, W. Hafez, F. Dixon [email protected] This project is to set up an HBT reliability test. HBT Defense Advanced Research Project Agency HUNT reliability has become a major issue because of Program heterostructure interface and fast diffuse p-type impurities in both InP- and GaAs-based HBTs. We will test HBT Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory devices from Rockwell, Hughes, and TRW for the basic The goal of this project is to develop new optical source failure mechanism. laser and LED using light emitting transistors modified by GaN HBT Technology quantum well base and DBR to achieve high speed M. Feng,* J. J. Huang modulation of optical interconnect. U.S. Navy, UTA 99-0302 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory GaN has great potential to be a power source in millimeter wave ICs and high-speed electronics due to its large breakdown voltage and higher saturation velocity. In
* Denotes principal investigator.
37 collaborate with Prof. Dupuis at the University of Texas at InGaP HBT for ADC Applications Austin, we have fabricated GaN HBT with beta >100. M. Feng,* D. W. Seo, J. Mu, M. Heins There are many problems to be solved in terms of current Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-96- and power efficiency issues at millimeter wave frequency. C-8615 High-Frequency Measurement Project on High-Tc Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Superconductor We are developing an InGaP HBT device model (thermal M. Feng,* J. Fendrich, H. S. K. Hsia and electrical model) for implantation into MDS and National Science Foundation, DMR 89-20539 HSPICs. The second-order Sigma-Delta ADCs with 5 In conjunction with the Science and Technology Center for Gbits and 8-bit resolution has been designed, simulated, Superconductivity. Conducted in the Micro and and fabricated. Nanotechnology Laboratory. Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Chip Sets (II) This project has contributed to the study of BKBO and (IVHS) YBCO film characterization at microwave and terahertz M. Feng,* H. Hsia frequencies. A parallel-plate resonator (10 GHz) was built Northrop Grumman Corp. to characterize sheet resistance in the microwave Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory frequency. A noncontact coherent time-domain spectroscopy (THz) was used to characterize real and This project is a follow-up of the TRP/DARPA contract imaginary parts of conductivity. An on-wafer cryogenic based on the success of the University of Illinois 24-GHz microwave probing technique (1-40 GHz, 15-300K) is and 38-GHz GaAs MESFET MMIC for LNA and VCO. employed to establish patterned film scattering parameter. The new contract is aimed at low-cost implementation of This work also aims to develop engineering model a 0.1 μm gate GaAs MESFET and MMIC by direct ion parameters using a GHz on-wafer probe technique. implantation for 77-GHz LNA and VCO collision avoidance radar. Hybrid and Monolithic OEIC Receivers M. Feng* Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Chip Sets (IVHS) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Center for M. Feng,* P. Apostolakis, J. Middleton Optoelectronics Science and Technology Northrop Grumman Corp. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This project is aimed at hybrid integration of a PIN/GaAs This project is a joint development effort between the transimpedance amplifier at 20 GHz operation. The University of Illinois and Northrop Grumman Corp. on monolithic IC is involved in design and fabrication of 4- millimeter-wave IC chip sets for IVHS. We will design channel OEIC receivers using GaAs MESFET technology. transmitter, receiver, mixer, and oscillator millimeter- wave ICs using co-planar technology. The mask and InGaAs/InP BiFET for ADC Applications fabrication will use University of Illinois ion implanted, M. Feng,* D. W. Seo, H. Hsia, Z. Tang super-low-noise GaAs MESFETs, and a monolithic IC Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-97- process. C-8618 Millimeter Wave Technology HBT and HFET Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory M. Feng* We have developed a 200-GHz InGaAs/InP HFET and Sumitomo Chemical America, Inc. integrated it with a 200-GHz HBT. Using this technology, Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory we will construct a fifth-order Sigma-Delta ADC for a 16- bit and 3 FDR > 100 dbc. We will design and fabricate MOCVD-grown, doped channel HFETs and InGaP and AlGaAs HBTs. We will characterize these devices and optimize their performance for 24- to 77-GHz applications.
* Denotes principal investigator.
38 Millimeter-Wave ICs and Packages Noise Characterization of Self-Aligned Gate GaAs M. Feng* MESFETs Georgia Institute of Technology, NSF Package Research M. Feng* Center ITT Corp. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This project is to develop 38-GHz and 77-GHz coplanar This project aims to reduce the minimum noise figure on MMICs for flip chip packages. the direct ion-implanted self-aligned GaAs MESFETs based on the design of experiments in terms of dose and MOCVD HEMT Technology gate overlay. M. Feng,* Z. Tang Sumitomo Chemical America, Inc. Novel Giga Sampling Analog-to-Digital Conversion for Direct Digital Receiver Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory M. Feng,* D. W. Seo We will investigate the performance of MOCVD grown P- National Science Foundation, ECS-9979341 HEMT and HEMT technology and its performance Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory comparison between MESFETs and MBE-grown HEMTs. We proposed novel GHz ADC architecture, the folding and Modeling of Flip Chip Interconnects for RF/Wireless interpolation-based 15-bit subrange A/D converter, will M. Feng,* J. Schutt-Aine reduce the transistor count by one-third and the area by Georgia Institute of Technology, NSF ERC Package 60%. The subrange ADC requires a very precise and wide- Research Center, SBC GIT E21-N50-G5 band track and hold amplifier to maximize input bandwidth Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory to great than 2 GHz and converter resolution to greater than The next generation of wireless personal communication 15 bits. links and wireless LAN and WAN will be focused in the Optical Correlation Spectroscopy Using millimeter wave range due to wide bandwidths and less Reconfigurable Diffraction Grating interference effects. This work is to develop a low-cost M. Feng,* Q. He, K. F. Chen, J. J. Huang solution of millimeter-wave MMICs flip chip technology. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Center This work will provide the design, simulation, and process (DARPA) BOSS Program, MDA972-00-1-0020 of MMICs operating at 38 GHz for a real application in Under Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency point-to-point communication links. The Georgia Tech Center for Bio-Optical Sensor System. In collaboration PRC will provide the flip chip package technology. with K. Y. Cheng. Conducted in the Micro and Monolithic Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits Nanotechnology Laboratory. Technology Sponsored by DARPA, the goal of this program is to M. Feng* develop a nano spectrometer for biological and chemical Northrop Grumman Corp. agents detection. Our group is to design and fabricate re- Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory configurable grating using novel MEMS switch. It is This project is a joint effort with Northrop Grumman Corp. capable of detecting 3-10 μm wavelength. for developing 0.25 μm gate and 0.1 μm gate GaAs FET- Technology for Efficient, Agile Mixed Signal based technology for the application in monolithic Microsystems millimeter wave ICs (MMWICs). Based on the high- M. Feng,* R. Chan, K. F. Chen, W. G. Ho frequency device characterization, an equivalent circuit Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, TEAM model will be generated. This model will then be used for Program MMWIC design. The fabrication of the MMWICs will be Under BAE Systems and collaboration with Greg Timp. demonstrated. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory. The goal is to develop silicon RF CMOS with Ft and Fmax > 400GHz with 20 nm gate. The RF mixed signal circuits will be developed based the fastest RF CMOS technology.
* Denotes principal investigator.
39 Technology for Frequency Agile Digitally Synthesized Transmitter Magnetic Resonance M. Feng,* J. Lai, M. Hafez, M. Hampson, D. Chan, Studies of Relational (Declarative) Memory Processing B. Chu-Kung N. J. Cohen, A. G. Webb* Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency TFAST National Science Foundation, DBI 0092400 Program Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Under BAE Systems and Vitesse Semiconductor. and Technology Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory. This study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging in The goal is to develop InP DHBT with Ft and Fmax > 500 humans for identifying areas of the brain involved in GHz with sub-micron scaling of emitter size down to 0.1 memory processing. micron. The technology is also required to demonstrate Flip-Flop speed over 200 GHz. A VLSI InP technology of Studying Neurovascular Coupling in Aging with over 10,000 transistor level of mixed signal Direct Digital Optical Methods Synthesizer (DDS) will be developed. M. Fabiani, M. D’Esposito, E. Gratton, G. Gratton, A. Kramer, E. McAuley, A. G. Webb* VCSEL and Smart Pixels for VLSI Photonics National Institutes of Health M. Feng,* N. Holonyak, Jr., K.-Y. Cheng, K. C. Hsia Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science DAAG55-98-1-0303 and Technology Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This area of research is concerned with using functional magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared This project is to develop oxide confined VCSELs at 85 spectroscopy to study the effects of aging on brain structure nm and 1330 nm, as well as smart pixels for VSLI and function. photonics. Analysis and Design of RF Resonators for MRI Wavefunction Engineering of Individual Donors for Si- Applications Based Quantum Computers J. Jin,* R. L. Magin, A. G. Webb M. Feng,* R. Chan, C. Chuang National Science Foundation, ECS 94-57735 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Quantum Computer Program, DAAD19-01-1-0324 RF resonators, also known as RF coils, RF antennas, and electromagnetic probes, are crucial devices for obtaining In collaboration with John Tucker. Conducted in the Micro high-quality magnetic resonance images for clinical and Nanotechnology Laboratory. diagnosis. In this project, researchers develop numerical The goal is to place individual phosphorus donors into methods for analysis and design of such resonators for MRI silicon with atomic precision, demonstrate electronic applications. Specific mathematical models will be control over wavefunction overlap, and characterize the developed for low- and high-field MRI systems, which spin singlet and triplet states of the two-electron system on may include high-frequency phase variation and bioeffect couple donor pairs. dosimetry for RF fields. YBCO Superconducting Transmission Line Constrained Spectroscopic Imaging Characterization Z. P. Liang,* P. C. Lauterbur* M. Feng,* J. Fendrich National Institutes of Health, 1R01CA51430-01A4 Superconductor Technology Inc. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory and Technology This project studies the design rule of MCM using a Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging promises to superconductor as an interconnect line. Loss and phase provide an entirely new way to examine the dynamics of delay are compared between gold and the superconductor human biochemical processes in vivo noninvasively. line. Bit-error-rate and crosstalk will also be examined. However, its practical applications have been limited because of low sensitivity and long imaging time. The primary objective of this research is to develop mathematical methods to effectively utilize the readily
* Denotes principal investigator.
40 available anatomical information to constrain the spectral Optimized Hyperthermia Treatment of Prostate distribution to reduce imaging time without compromising Cancer Using a Novel Intracavitary Ultrasound Array spatial resolution. N. Smith, R. Keolian, V. Sparrow, L. Harpster, A. G. Webb* Functional Brain Imaging Department of Defense, DAMD17-02-1-0124 Z. P. Liang,* J. Ji National Science Foundation, BES 95-02121; Beckman Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science This collaboration designs ultrasound transducer arrays for and Technology destroying prostate cancer via thermal ablation. The primary objective of this project is to develop new Nanoliter Volume Nuclear Magnetic Resonance signal-processing algorithms for detecting brain activities J. V. Sweedler, A. G. Webb* from functional MRI data. Researchers are investigating a National Institutes of Health, PHS 2 RO1 GM53030-04 wavelet-transform-based filtering and t-test method for Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science signal detection and a multiscale method for image and Technology registration and motion correction. This project designs NMR microcoils for studying MR Imaging of Time-Varying Objects chemical separation processes, and involves the Z. P. Liang,* Y. Bresler,* J. Ji, A. Sen Gupta, A. Guo construction of multicoil probeheads. National Science Foundation, BES 95-02121; National Institutes of Health, NIH-R21-HL062336 Investigation of Pore-scale Processes that Affect Soil Vapor Extraction Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory A. Valocchi, C. Werth, A. G. Webb* Conventional MR imaging techniques have been widely Department of Energy, DOE DEFG07-99ER 15007 used to obtain high-resolution images from stationary Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science objects. For time-varying objects such as the beating heart, and Technology however, significant image artifacts often arise that render the image useless. This project aims to develop a new class This project uses magnetic resonance imaging to study the of data acquisition and image reconstruction methods for dissolution of pollutants in various sands and soils. real-time imaging of cardiac structures and functions. Applications of NMR Microspectroscopy to An Integrated NMR Combinatorial Chemistry R. L. Magin,* A. G. Webb A. G. Webb,* R. Subramanian, J. V. Sweedler National Science Foundation, DBI 96-05829 Smith Kline Beecham Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology Microlithographic and MEMS technology are being used Combinatorial chemistry is the most recently developed to integrate the individual components of the receiver for synthetic pathway whereby up to a million new therapeutic nuclear magnetic resonance. This leads to advantages in drugs can be produced simultaneously. The very small packaging for planar microcoils and increases in the signal- quantities of material (less than 100 pmoles) preclude to-noise ratio. structural identification by traditional high-resolution NMR. Our efforts are concentrated on designing RF Neurocognitive Mechanisms: Appetitive and Aversive microcoils for operation at high magnetic fields (>11 T) Emotion for efficient detection of these chemical products. G. Miller, W. Heller, M. Banich, A. G. Webb* National Institutes of Drug Addiction Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology The goal is to use functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the effects of aversive emotion tasks in humans.
* Denotes principal investigator.
41 In Vivo MRI Thermometry Using New Functional Ultrahigh Field Probes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents Imaging and Spectroscopy A. G. Webb* A. G. Webb,* S. J. Blackband, T. H. Mareci Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Foundation National Science Foundation Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology Fluorine- and proton-based phase-transition agents are Nuclear magnetic resonance microprobes are being being synthesized for in vivo temperature mapping using constructed for operation at the highest frequency magnets magnetic resonance imaging. Applications to in the world at the National High Magnetic Field hyperthermia treatment of cancer are being investigated. Laboratory at Tallahassee, Fla. Coil characterization includes measurements of self-resonant frequencies and Nanoliter Volume Nuclear Magnetic Resonance magnetic susceptibility for different geometries. High- A. G. Webb,* J. V. Sweedler resolution spectroscopy and microimaging experiments National Institutes of Health, PHS 1R01GM53030-01 are being performed. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Optical and Discharge Physics The aim is to develop microscopic hardware so that single- cell imaging and spectroscopy experiments can be run Startup Processes in Metal Halide Lamps using the model system Aplysia californica. Using J. G. Eden,* M. J. Kushner, R. Moss, A. Bhoj, techniques such as diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, the T. Sommerer (GE) physical environment of neuropeptides within vesicles can General Electric R&D Center be determined, giving valuable information on the mode of High pressure, metal halide lamps are typically the lighting action of these metabolites. sources used for street lamps, stadiums, warehouses, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microimaging other large indoor arenas. Metal halide lamps start as room A. G. Webb* temperature, glow discharges. Upon heating, metal-halide National Science Foundation, DBI 97-22320 compounds in the lamps vaporize to generate Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science multiatmosphere pressure plasmas, which then produce and Technology nearly continuum radiation. The starting process usually involves applying high-voltage pulses to tens to one Using microscopic NMR coils and small magnetic field hundred Torr of Ar gas with a small admixture of mercury gradients, the resolution of NMR microimaging can or another low ionization potential rare gas. Optimizing theoretically be improved to 1 to 2 cubic microns. this process will ultimately produce longer lived, more Researchers are investigating the mechanisms that limit reliable lamps. In this research project, advanced computer resolution and devising new methods to overcome these modeling and laser diagnostics are being used to limitations. Biological experiments on spinal cord tissue investigate the fundamental plasma processes that occur are also planned. during startup of metal-halide lamps. Of particular interest Subcellular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging are the plasma-surface interactions on the cathode that A. G. Webb* result in sputtering of cathode materials. Methods to National Science Foundation, DBI-9722320 minimize sputtering without using costly exotic materials are being formulated. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology The goals involve the design of radio frequency NMR microcoils for single cell spectroscopy and imaging.
* Denotes principal investigator.
42 Development of a Multimodality Microscope Optical Imaging S. A. Boppart,* W. T. Greenough [email protected] BIOPHOTONICS: Optical Coherence Elastography National Science Foundation (Major Research and Biomechanical Modeling of Developing Tissues Instrumentation), BES 06-19257 S. A. Boppart,* N. Aluru [email protected] Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science National Science Foundation, BES 05-19920 and Technology Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science A wealth of structural and functional information can be and Technology obtained from living cells in three-dimensional microenvironments using advanced microscopic As the field of tissue engineering advances, new methods techniques. This project involves the development of a are needed to develop a more physiological and functional novel microscope integrating multiple optical imaging tissue. This project involves the development a new optical modalities including optical coherence, multiphoton, and diagnostic technique to quantify changing biomechanical harmonic generation microscopy. The laser sources properties in developing embryos and engineered tissues. obtained through this Major Research Instrumentation Experimental data will be incorporated into predictive grant will enable widely-tunable excitation of exogenous computational models to better understand how “form and endogenous fluorophores, as well as ultrabroad follows function” and how the biomechanical properties of bandwidth light for high-resolution optical coherence developing tissue contribute to the resulting organization. microscopy and spectroscopy. This new instrument will Ultimately, this will lead to a better understanding of how enable simultaneous structural and functional imaging of external mechanical forces may be used to affect both form cells and tissues, with specific applications in studying and function in developing and engineered tissues. tumor cell biology, optical changes in electrically-active CAREER: Functional Optical Coherence Tomography neurons, and the growth of engineered tissues. for Neural Imaging Magnetomotive Optical Molecular Imaging Probes S. A. Boppart,* B. C. Wheeler, W. T. Greenough, S. A. Boppart,* K. S. Suslick, K. L. Watkin, A. G. Webb, R. Gillette A. L. Oldenburg [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, BES 03-47747 National Institutes of Health (Roadmap Initiative), 1 R21 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science EB005321 and Technology Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Functional optical coherence tomography (fOCT) is being and Technology developed to noninvasively track optical changes in neural Molecular imaging involves the use of probes or contrast tissue that occur during electrical activity. In analogy to agents targeted to specific molecules such as cell receptors. functional MRI, this new technique will permit the analysis Virtually every medical and biological imaging modality of not only neural structure at high resolutions, but also utilizes some form of contrast agent to enhance the physiological function at the cellular and molecular level. diagnostic utility of the technique. This project involves The use of noninvasive optical techniques can overcome the development, demonstration, and application of a new many of the current technical limitations in class of dynamic contrast agent that is responsive to the neurophysiology encountered in the use of single-point application of an external, locally-delivered, modulating micropipette recordings, the use of complex parallel banks magnetic field. The magnetomotive effect induced in iron- of sensitive electronics, or the use of voltage-sensitive dyes oxide nanoparticles produces an optical scattering that are toxic to cells over extended periods of time. signature that is virtually background-free. Molecularly targeted magnetic nanoparticles have been shown to provide a unique contrast mechanism for detecting tumor cells using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
* Denotes principal investigator.
43 Optical Coherence Tomography Image-Guided Plasmon-Resonant Nanorods as Multifunctional Surgical Resection of Solid Tumors Contrast Agents for Optical Coherence Tomography S. A. Boppart,* K. Singletary, A. L. Oldenburg S. A. Boppart, A. Wei* [email protected] [email protected] National Institutes of Health (National Institute of National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 1 Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering), 1 R01 R01 EB001777 EB005221 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology Recent advances in molecular imaging involve the use of Current surgical oncology procedures typically occur at the contrast agents to site-specifically label cells and tissues of macro-scale, where a surgeon excises large volumes of interest. This project involves the development of novel tissue around a tumor in an effort to remove all regions of nanoparticle contrast agents that have specific absorption the tumor. Frequently, however, surgical margins are properties detectable with optical coherence tomography. positive, with microscopic evidence of tumor cells, and the Gold particle nanospheres and nanorods will have strong likelihood for residual tumor cells to result in recurrence. absorption properties for not only detection, but also for The major goal of this project is to demonstrate and inducing local hyperthermia for the selective destruction validate the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) of cancer cells. for high-resolution image-guided surgical resection of Targeted Contrast and Therapeutic Agents for solid tumors. With the ability to visualize tissue at the Molecular Biomedical Imaging micrometer (cellular) scale, and in real-time, OCT may S. A. Boppart,* W. D. O'Brien, K. Kim, H. Choi, alter the paradigm of histological diagnosis by enabling M. L. Oelze, K. S. Suslick, J. A. Katzenellenbogen, tissue diagnosis to be made intraoperatively, rather than M. Strano, D. W. Pack, K. S. Watkin collecting, processing, and analyzing tissue in the remote [email protected] pathology laboratory. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Optical Coherence Tomography of Breast Cancer: Conducted across the University of Illinois campus Feasibility for Tumor Margin Detection and Surgical Guidance Recent advances in biomedical imaging have drawn from S. A. Boppart,* J. G. Kotynek, F. J. Bellafiore, diverse fields to develop multifunctional targeted agents P. A. Johnson, K. M. Rowland that serve to not only generate contrast for detection and [email protected] imaging, but also provide a targeted therapeutic approach. Carle Foundation Hospital While many forms of contrast agents exist, and much effort has focused on optimizing contrast enhancement, less is Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science known about the potential for delivering controlled local and Technology and the Carle Foundation Hospital release of drugs or other local therapy, such as The major goal is to construct and use a portable optical hyperthermia or mechanical disruption, from these agents. coherence tomography (OCT) system in clinical settings Additionally, our understanding of targeting strategies is for the real-time assessment of tissue. The standard of care limited, largely due to the complexity of the cellular typically involves making cell and tissue observations in biology under normal and disease states. This project the pathology laboratory, after collected tissue specimens assembles an interdisciplinary team of investigators across have been processed, sectioned, stained, and prepared on campus to focus on these problems, and to develop new microscope slides of visualization. This project seeks to targeted, multifunctional agents. change this paradigm, by providing real-time, high- resolution, optical imaging of cells and tissues at the point- of-care. Specifically, our portable OCT system is being used in the operating rooms at Carle Foundation Hospital for imaging the surgical margins of resected breast tumor specimens and loco-regional lymph nodes for comparison with corresponding histology, demonstrating feasibility for future intra-operative imaging.
* Denotes principal investigator.
44 Near-Field Optical Power-Extinction Tomography are currently developing a prototype instrument. Initial P. S. Carney,* V. Markel, J. C. Schotland, E. Wolf, results are promising. G. S. Agarwal Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope [email protected] P. S. Carney* U.S. Air Force Multidisciplinary Research Program of the [email protected] University Research Initiative Grant, F49620-03-1-0379; University of Illinois National Science Foundation Career Award, 0239265 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology A photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM) is a Near-field optical power-extinction tomography (NOPET) device where the object is illuminated by an evanescent represents the intersection of total internal reflection wave generated at the face of a prism or slide and the field tomography (TIRT) and optical power-extinction is detected via a fiber probe in the near-zone of the sample tomography (OPET) where the probe beams of OPET are (as in near-field scanning optical tomography). The data replaced with evanescent waves as in TIRT for sample obtained with a PSTM are not amenable to direct illumination. With this technique it is possible to produce interpretation, but we show sufficient information exists in sub-wavelength resolved tomographs of scattering objects the raw data to numerically compute the two-dimensional from the power lost from the probe fields. structure of a thin sample, thus achieving a computational Near-Field Scanning Optical Tomography lens for the near-field. Demonstration of this work has just P. S. Carney,* J. C. Schotland been accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. [email protected] Total Internal Reflection Tomography National Science Foundation Career Award, 0239265 P. S. Carney,* J. C. Schotland, R. A. Frazin; Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science D. G. Fischer (NASA) and Technology [email protected] NASA, NAG3-2764 Near-field scanning optical tomography (NSOT) explores the extension of imaging modalities such as photon Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science scanning tunneling microscopy (PSTM) and near-field and Technology scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to samples that Total internal reflection tomography (TIRT) is an imaging contain three-dimensional structure or when the probe tip modality that makes use of the evanescent waves to is not scanned in grazing proximity to the sample. We solve illuminate and probe a sample. The probe depth is the linearized inverse scattering problem to produce sub- controlled through the exponential decay of the evanescent wavelength resolved tomographs of the object under these wave. In principle, this form of illumination can also enable conditions. super-resolved imaging where features smaller than a Optical Power-Extinction Tomography wavelength can be resolved. To take practical advantage P. S. Carney,* E. Wolf, G. S. Agarwal of this capability, it is necessary to solve the inverse [email protected] scattering problem that is the focus of this project. We are Beckman Research Award; U.S. Air Force currently constructing an instrument to take the appropriate Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University measurements. Research Initiative Grant, F49620-03-1-0379 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Optical power-extinction tomography (OPET) makes use of the power lost from two coherent beams, which simultaneously interrogate a scattering object, to generate a tomograph (three-dimensional image) of that object in a similar manner as computed axial tomography (CAT) makes use of the attenuation of individual beams of x-rays through an absorbing object to generate a tomograph. We
* Denotes principal investigator.
45 label, the assay is less susceptible to errors and artifacts Optical Physics and Engineering caused by conformational change or blocking of active binding epitopes. It is envisioned that the technology will Investigation of Carbon Nanotube Nano-Optics be used in the context of a primary screen of a chemical P. S. Carney* library and as a secondary screen for measuring dose- [email protected] response characteristics of a protein-small molecule National Science Foundation NER Grant, 0210495 combination. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Photonic Crystal Biosensor Nanostructures and and Technology Materials for Advanced Performance Carbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires are tiny B. T. Cunningham* objects (1000 times thinner than a human hair) that have [email protected] recently drawn considerable attention in the scientific and National Science Foundation engineering communities because of their novel structural Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory and electrical properties. We will theoretically investigate the optical and optoelectronic properties of these The specific aims of the research project investigate means structures. for advancing the state-of-the-art for photonic crystal biosensor performance and applications. Sensor designs Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Cartilage Engineering will be approached first by computer simulation using B. T. Cunningham, D. Griffon rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and finite [email protected], [email protected] difference time domain (FDTD) methods, followed by Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology fabrication and testing of the structure. The design goals Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, will be to produce more narrow resonant spectra, higher the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and surface/volume ratio, and higher electromagnetic field Technology, and the College of Veterinary Medicine interaction with adsorbed material than first-generation designs. The incorporation of different materials to The project aims to optimize production of chitosan increase surface electromagnetic field intensity, and nanofibers with nanometer-scale diameter for chondrocyte structures to maximize the interaction of the field with attachment and proliferation. Utilizing nanometer-scale adsorbed biomolecules, will be demonstrated. lithography, a silicon template wafer is used to produce large area rubber molds. By filling the molds with chitosan Tunable Optical Filters Using Photonic Crystals and solution, curing the chitosan solution to a solid, and Nonlinear Dyes harvesting the cured fibers from the mold, large B. T. Cunningham populations of fibers with any desired diameter can be [email protected] produced in large quantities. The fibers produced by this Batelle method will be used to determine the extent to which the Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory diameter of chitosan fibers affects in vitro chondrogenesis. Our working hypothesis is that decreasing the diameter of Photonic crystal narrowband reflectance filters can be chitosan fibers will improve chondrocytes’ attachment, designed with resonant wavelengths over the visible proliferation, and matrix production. portion of the light spectrum and may have utility as countermeasures against laser-based systems designed to Optical Biosensors induce temporary or permanent blindness in pilots. A B. T. Cunningham photonic crystal that would block laser illumination at [email protected] specific wavelengths while allowing all other wavelengths SRU Biosystems to reach the pilot's eyes could be incorporated into the visor Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory of a fighter pilot. In addition, a photonic crystal-based visor might incorporate nonlinear dye material that would An optical biosensor is used to rapidly screen protein-small rapidly respond to hostile laser illumination and would molecule interactions that are not easily screened by other allow controllable tuning of the filtered wavelength. methods. The assay is based upon a sensor technology called a "photonic crystal" structure that is inexpensively manufactured from sheets of plastic film and incorporated into disposable microplates. By eliminating the need for a
* Denotes principal investigator.
46 Arrays of Microdischarges: A New Generation of Fabrication of Large Area, High Density Lighting Sources Microdischarge Arrays on Flexible Substrates J. G. Eden,* M. J. Kushner,* N. P. Ostrom, S. McCain, J. G. Eden* A. Bhoj, K. Rajaraman, I. Mitchell [email protected] Electric Power Research Institute, EP-P6654/C3385 National Science Foundation; Anvik Corporation This experimental and computational program is devoted In collaboration with the Anvik Corporation, the to investigating diatomic molecules as efficient emitters fabrication of large arrays of microcavity discharge devices for lamps. The microdischarge serves as the platform with on flexible substrates is being pursued. Excimer laser which a wide variety of diatomics (excimers, metal- micromachining techniques, combined with roll-to-roll halides, etc.) will be studied. A close linkage between processing, are attractive for inexpensively manufacturing experimental results and theoretical predictions is a key microdischarge devices in large area arrays. element of this research effort. Femtosecond Nonlinear Optical Phenomena Equipment for Machining of Microdischarge Devices J. G. Eden* J. G. Eden,* C. Herring, J. Gao, A. Oldenburg [email protected] U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Northrop Grumman Corp. F49620-99-1-0106 Experiments are being conducted in which ultrafast laser Under the DOD DURIP program, equipment is being pulses (~100-150 fs) produce ionized filaments in air or purchased to facilitate the fabrication of microdischarge other gases. Peak optical field intensities exceeding 1013 devices in silicon and other materials systems. A 1-kHz W-cm-2 are sufficient to produce stable channels having pulse repetition frequency Ti:sapphire regenerative extraordinary optical and electrical characteristics. In amplifier will be used with an existing oscillator to particular, emphasis is being placed on the coherent ablatively machine microchannels in silicon for use in nonlinear optical processes occurring in these filaments. arrays of discharge devices. Also, vacuum ultraviolet optics enabling arrays of sub-50 μm diameter cylindrical Large Microdischarge Arrays: Diagnostic and channels to be machined in Si metals or SiO at 193 nm Fabrication Equipment 2 J. G. Eden,* A. A. Senin, Z. Lu, J. R. Allen, have been obtained. The introduction of polymer films into J. M. Talmadge, C. Zhu, S. J. Park these multilayer devices as dielectrics or emission down- U.S. Army Research Office, DAAD19-01-1-0417 converters is another thrust of this program. Funds have been provided to purchase equipment for Experimental Studies of Microdischarge Devices and experiments exploring nonlinear optical processes in Arrays intense optical fields and the behavior and fabrication of J. G. Eden,* C. Wagner, S. Kim, P. Galvez, J. Tang microdischarge devices having dimensions below 100 µm. U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, These equipment items have significantly improved the F49620-99-1-0317 characterization and functionality of microdischarge This research program is focused on fabricating and devices and arrays fabricated in Si and glass. examining the properties of arrays of microdischarge Improvements in the regenerative amplifier of a Ti:Al2O3 devices. A variety of processes (wet and dry chemical femtosecond system, including its pulse energy and processing, laser ablation, and ultrasonic milling) are bandwidth, have also been made. employed to fabricate cylindrical and pyramidal cathodes in silicon as part of a multilayer structure suitable for large- Microdischarge Arrays: Phase 2 scale production. The properties of arrays and single J. G. Eden,* N. P. Ostrom, S. J. Park, K. Chen, devices operating in the rare gases are of particular interest, S. O. Kim and emphasis is being placed on the characteristics of [email protected] devices smaller than 50 μm. U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AF EWING TECHNOLOGY 03-1 The focus of this research program is scaling of microdischarge arrays to 104-105 devices and emitted power densities of 0.1-1 W-cm–2 in the ultraviolet. Arrays are being fabricated in silicon with devices having inverted
* Denotes principal investigator.
47 square pyramidal cathodes and polymer or being conducted to assess the magnitude of thrust multicomponent dielectrics. Large arrays have also been attainable as well as the device lifetime. successfully constructed and operated in glass in which the Microdischarges and Rare Earth-Doped Waveguide pixels are excited with an interdigitated electrode Devices: Visible and Ultraviolet Sources for Lasers and configuration. Several diatomic molecular emitters and Sensors excitation processes are under investigation, with initial J. G. Eden,* C. Wagner, A. Oldenburg, A. Senin, emphasis on mid- and near-UV emitters. F. Shen, J. Conway Microdischarge Devices and Arrays: Quantum and U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Coherence Effects F49620-98-1-0030 J. G. Eden,* S. J. Park, C. J. Wagner, N. P. Ostrom, The demonstration of new sources of ultraviolet and visible A. A. Senin, Z. Lu, J. R. Allen, C. Zhu, B. Ricconi radiation is the thrust of this research program. Current U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, efforts are two-pronged. Microdischarge devices F49620-00-1-0372 developed in this laboratory are under study as emission A family of photonic devices, known as microdischarges, sources for displays or as chemical sensors. Cylindrical and is being developed under this multiyear program. Based typically 20 to 400 μm in diameter, these microdischarges on microplasmas confined to volumes of nanoliters or less, have properties (VI characteristics, specific power loading) these devices have remarkable properties, including the that are unique and quite attractive for a variety of ability to operate as stable glows at atmospheric pressure applications. The second facet of this research effort is the and with specific power loadings of several tens of kW- study of nonlinear optical phenomena on the sub-100 fs cm-3. Single devices and arrays as large as 30 x 30 pixels time scale and at intensities exceeding 1010 W-cm-2. Using have been fabricated in silicon, ceramic, and metal/ colliding pulse mode-locked and Ti:Al2O3 laser systems, polymer structures. Many applications, including broad- wave packet formation, four-wave mixing, and high-order area UV sources, pump sources for microchip lasers, arc harmonic generation are being studied, both lamp ignition, and gas chromatography, are being pursued. experimentally and theoretically. Other research thrusts in this program are femtosecond Microdischarges for Phased Arrays of Low Coherence spectroscopy of small molecules by coherent nonlinear Emitters, and Microchip and Microsphere Lasers optical processes and the study of the optical properties of J. G. Eden* nanoparticles for lasers and biosensing applications. [email protected] Microdischarge Long Wave Infrared Source U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Technology Development F49620-03-1-0391 J. G. Eden* A new family of photonic devices, known as microcavity [email protected] discharges, is being developed under this multiyear Northrop Grumman Corp. program. Based on microplasmas confined to volumes of The characteristics of microcavity plasma devices as nanoliters (or less) and spatial dimensions of nominally emitters in the infrared (5-12 μm) are being studied in 10-100 μm, these devices exhibit remarkable optical and experiments with a variety of device designs. electrical properties. The fabrication of single devices and Spectroscopic and power measurements of single devices arrays as visible or ultraviolet emitters for applications in and arrays are being carried out in conjunction with biomedical diagnostics, displays, and environmental theoretical studies. sensing is being pursued. Microcavity discharge devices Microdischarge Micro-Thruster Technology with semiconductor cathodes have also been observed to Development be sensitive detectors of visible and near-infrared radiation, J. G. Eden* and the properties of these new photodetectors are under [email protected] investigation. An emphasis of this program is the Ewing Technology Associates realization of two-dimensional arrays of microemitters in which adjacent pixels are optically coupled. The potential of microcavity discharges as sources of thrust for small ("pico") satellites is under investigation. Experiments measuring the electrical characteristics of robust device structures, including Ni/BN/Ni designs, are
* Denotes principal investigator.
48 Novel Miniature Diagnostic Using Microdischarge resulted in improved molecular spectroscopic constants for Technology the xenon-monoiodide excimer that emits in the deep J. G. Eden,* C. Wagner ultraviolet at 254 nm. The optimization procedure also National Science Foundation; SBIR; SBC ETA UI-99-09- involves comparison with emission data, and subsequent P1 studies will focus on the mercury dimer. This SBIR program is developing chemical sensors based Integration of Photonic Crystal Sensors with Nanofluid on microdischarges fabricated in a "flow through" Flow Channels geometry. Because of the high specific power loadings P. Kenis, and B. T. Cunningham accessible with microdischarges (> 100 kW-cm-3), arrays [email protected], [email protected] of these devices are well suited for the remediation of toxic NSF Center for Nanoscale Chemical-Electrical- gases. The emission spectra of gases flowing through a Mechanical Manufacturing Systems (NanoCEMMS) single 100–400 μm diameter microdischarge are presently Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory being studied as a diagnostic of molecular fragmentation and in Roger Adams Laboratory in the discharge and as a means of detecting impurities in the gas flow stream. The project objective is to incorporate plastic-based photonic crystal optical sensors within nanofluidic flow Spatially-Resolved Detection of Weak Magnetic Fields channels for the detection of biochemical interactions by Laser Magneto-Optical Techniques between mixed reagents, temperature of reagents, pressure J. G. Eden,* J. Gao,* J. M. Talmadge, R. Roth, A. Fai within sealed reaction vessels, and as a means for U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, indicating the presence or absence of fluid at particular F49620-01-1-0546 locations within a fluid network. Using integrated sensors Magneto-optical techniques are being developed under this and fluid control within a single small chip, we plan to program to detect weak (< 1 nT) magnetic fields for demonstrate the ability to simultaneously monitor large biomedical applications. By employing epitaxial films of numbers of photonic crystal sensors within the chip using novel garnet films in combination with nonlinear optical a noncontact optical imaging scanner instrument. processes and synchronous detection, magnetic fields as low as 10 nT have been detected reliably. Optoelectronics Visible and Infrared Laser Spectroscopy J. G. Eden,* J. Gao, C. Zhu, A. A. Senin, R. Kogler, Nanoscale Chemical-Electrical-Mechanical D. Miftakhutdinov Manufacturing Systems [email protected] K. D. Choquette* Northrop Grumman Corp. [email protected] National Science Foundation Atomic and molecular laser spectroscopy in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared is the focus of this research effort. The objective of the NSF Center for Nanoscale Chemical- Currently, emphasis is being placed on the spectroscopy of Electrical-Mechanical Manufacturing Systems the Rydberg states of the neon dimer and rubidium dimers. (NanoCEMMS) is the development of a manufacturing Excitation spectroscopy of the neon dimer has yielded the capability for manipulation and sensing of materials first rotationally resolved bands as well as observation of ultimately at the nanometer scale. To this end, the Photonic triplet splitting. As a result, structural constants of the Device Research Group is developing optical sources for molecule have been determined. Femtosecond studies of application in the eventual toolbit, which enables a new the dissociation of diatomic molecules, observed in real revolution of manufacturing. We are developing photonic time, are also being carried out. crystal vertical cavity lasers that employ photonic crystal effects in the direction of light propagation. These devices Metal Halide Lamp Plasma Model are promising for the high-power, single-mode operation J. Gao,* J. G. Eden,* F. Shen that will be required for optical sensing at the toolbit. The APL Engineered Materials holes inherent to this device are also suitable for material Calculations of ground and excited state potentials of introduction pores of the toolbit assembly. In addition, we excimer molecules of interest for lamp applications are are developing integrated vertical cavity surface emitting being carried out. Comparison of experimental lasers (VCSELs) and photodetectors. Such a device will photoassociation spectra with quantum calculations has find application in fluorescence identification and position
* Denotes principal investigator.
49 sensing. We are thus pursuing close packed 2-dimensional Spatial, Temporal, and Spectral Localization for arrays of intermeshed VCSELs and photodetectors for use Advanced Photonic Applications as optical sensors. K. D. Choquette,* J. J. Coleman [email protected] Next-Generation Optical Materials and Devices Defense Advanced Research Project Agency K. D. Choquette,* J. J. Coleman [email protected] Future chip-based optoelectronic systems will require an National Science Foundation unprecedented decrease of size and operating power, while simultaneously incorporating greater functionality and The goal of nanotechnology is to create materials and complexity. This research program builds on advanced devices that exhibit novel and significantly improved materials and device concepts to create a multifunctional properties due to their nanoscale size. We are developing photonic crystal based photonic integrated circuit that nanophotonic light sources with enhanced characteristics incorporates quantum dot active regions. We will explore for future photonic ultra-high-capacity communication diode injection and extraction to and from engineered systems. We seek to combine aggressive advances in 3- quantum dot structures, integrated with spatial selectivity dimensional electronic confinement obtained from within photonic crystal waveguides and optical quantum dots with the unprecedented optical confinement nanocavities. This project will encompass three levels of achieved from photonic crystals to develop the next technology research: system integration, novel device generation of highly efficient microcavity optical sources. structures, and advanced epitaxial growth. In the Photonic Photonic Crystal Emitters for Next Generation Light Device Research Group, our objective is to demonstrate a Sources photonic microsystem composed of an electrically injected K. D. Choquette* optical source, compact waveguides, detectors, and optical [email protected] memory elements. Army Research Laboratories VCSEL Reliability We are developing vertical cavity laser sources with K. D. Choquette* enhanced characteristics for future photonic and remote [email protected] sensing applications. Our devices consist of vertical cavity Sun Microsystems surface emitting lasers that are transversely defined by a We are investigating the reliability of vertical cavity photonic crystal. The pursuit of suitable nanotechnologies surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating under high required for photonic crystal fabrication in a variety of temperature and humidity. This research involves the materials is under way. Specifically, electron beam and fabrication of several different VCSEL structures, which focused ion beam lithography are being developed for will be life tested. After testing, the characteristics of the photonic crystal fabrication. This work will also focus on VCSELs will be examined, and in particular the influence transversely coupled photonic crystal defects, producing of the laser structure on reliability will be ascertained. coherently coupled vertical cavity laser arrays. Antimony-Based Type-II Superlattice Photodetectors Photonic Crystal Nanophotonic Devices S. L. Chuang,* A. Petschke K. D. Choquette* [email protected] [email protected] Army Research Office, Army W911NF-06-1-0353 U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research We propose to develop Sb-based superlattice The objective is to develop nanophotonic devices based photodetectors for 77K to room or higher temperature upon photonic crystal nanocavities employing a variety of operation. We will explore the IR detection applications of semiconductor material systems. Our goal is to develop the type-II superlattice quantum structures based on InAs/ photonic crystal design and processing techniques to AlGaInSb material systems. We propose new structures maximize cavity quality values, minimize cavity volume, including an interband tunneling detector similar to that in and minimize waveguide loss. We will also explore novel a type-II quantum-cascade laser structure, except for the vertical photonic crystal nanocavities incorporating reduction of the multiple cascade regions to a single period quantum dots, and pursue coupling photonic crystal with the active absorption region replaced by a type-II cavities and waveguides for integrated devices with post- superlattice. We will perform extensive theoretical and processing cavity tuning techniques. experimental investigation of the optical and electrical characteristics of mid-IR photovoltaic photodetectors. The
* Denotes principal investigator.
50 materials will be provided by our collaborator at Georgia fundamental issues of infrared detection. We will focus on Institute of Technology (Dupuis). the following: investigation of HgCdTe defects using first- principles theory together with optical and electrical Characterization of Antimony-Based Type-II characterization, which includes nanotechnology Superlattice Photodetectors characterization of both III-V and II-VI materials using the S. L. Chuang,* S. Mou near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and the [email protected] transmission electron microscope (TEM); type II Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA JPL 1289790 antimony-based quantum-cascade photodetectors; and We will conduct research on the optical and electrical quantum-dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) for high characterization of type-II superlattice samples grown by sensitivity normal incidence detection. We will also our collaborators at JPL. The tasks include: collaborate closely with industry and government photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy with temperature laboratories. dependence, absorption and transmission measurements, High-Speed Wavelength-Agile Optical Network PL imaging, and lifetime measurements. With a Bomem S. L. Chuang,* I. Adesida,* K. D. Choquette,* FTIR, we can measure the transmission spectra from S. Lumetta* visible to far-infrared (100 μm). Using the substrate [email protected] transmission spectra, we are able to accurately extract the National Science Foundation optical absorption coefficients of InAs/InGaSb superlattices. We propose to explore the architecture and device development issues necessary to develop optical local area Fiber Optical Force Sensors for Truck Hunting networks (LANs) that are ready to interface with optical Applications metropolitan area networks (MANs). Our goal is to S. L. Chuang,* M. Chuang develop a clear plan for integration of multiwavelength [email protected] LANs and MANs in order to improve the degree to which Association of American Railroads the benefits of high bandwidth in the MANs are delivered The objective is to develop fiber optical force sensors for to end users on the LANs. Our tasks include the following: measurement of time-dependent lateral impact force on the quantitatively evaluate the impact of wavelength track for truck hunting applications in railroads. We have conversion on network reliability and study the design of succeeded in two designs of fiber optical force sensors all-optical access architectures that leverage high-speed based on the attenuation of light transmission due to wavelength conversion and add/drop channel capabilities; microbending effects. The idea for our applications is to design and fabricate tunable laser sources and wavelength use our fiber sensors for measurements of lateral impact converters using composite resonator vertical cavity lasers; force as a function of time at various locations on a track. design and fabricate a novel semiconductor-based We have previously succeeded in measuring the weigh-in- wavelength converter capable of format-transparent and motion sensor for different waveforms of the force. We will ultrafast wavelength conversion; and design and fabricate apply our experimental techniques to detect the wheel add/drop filters and photodetectors. impact of the side of the track for lateral force Model and Design of THz Quantum Cascade Lasers measurement. This technology will have potential S. L. Chuang,* M. Lerttamrab applications for truck hunting. [email protected] Fundamental Research on Infrared Photodetectors SPIRE Corporation (DARPA Phase-II Award), ARMY S. L. Chuang,* Y. C. Chang (Physics),* K.-Y. Cheng,* SPIRE 2005-206-00 P. D. Coleman, R. Dupuis* (UT–Austin), M. Feng,* We will carry out modeling and design of candidate N. Holonyak, Jr., K. C. Hsieh,* terahertz (THz) quantum cascade (QC) laser structures J. White* (FS Mater. Res. Lab.) with the goal of achieving the highest possible laser [email protected] operating temperatures. We will also provide device U.S. Army Research Office, Multidisciplinary Research fabrication and measurement support, as possible with Program of the University Research Initiative Program, University of Illinois facilities. The basic QC laser design DAAD 19-01-1-0591 will involve a chirped superlattice injection layer, based on This is a Multidisciplinary Research Program of the the A1GaAs/GaAs epitaxial material system. University Research Initiative (MURI) project on the
* Denotes principal investigator.
51 Modeling and Characterization of GaN-Based quantum wells for optical buffer applications and calculate Quantum-Cascade Lasers the interband, intersubband transition matrix elements and S. L. Chuang,* A. Petschke the nonlinear optical susceptibility spectrum. [email protected] Experimentally, we will characterize semiconductor Army Research Office (Georgia Tech-prime) Army Sub quantum-dot samples and measure the group index of GIT R7349-G1 novel semiconductor optical buffers, which will be provided by Prof. Chang-Hasnain's group at the University The proposed research program will develop technologies of California–Berkeley. for the growth of specially designed high quality superlattice heterostructures and quantum-cascade lasers Nonlinear Quantum Optical Devices Using Quantum (QCLs) in the wide-bandgap III-V nitride InAlGaN Dots material system. This research at the University of Illinois S. L. Chuang,* S. W. Chang, H. Su, D. Nielsen includes: the study of strain effects and spontaneous and [email protected] polarization field effects on the quantum-cascade laser Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (University properties, and the design, fabrication, and testing of of California-Berkeley-prime), DARPA SA4472-32446 nitride QCLs. We propose the use of quantum dots (QDs) for slow light Modeling and Characterization of SiGeSn-Based and optical buffer applications. We will develop the theory Quantum-Cascade Lasers and Interband Lasers of slow light in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and its S. L. Chuang,* C. Y. Ni dependence on physical parameters such as dot size, [email protected] materials, optical pump intensity, and wavelength. The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI award), AF major goal is to achieve variable time delay with a broad Sub AZ State 07-750 bandwidth from 1 GHz to 40 GHz using semiconductor quantum dot devices. We will also explore the applications We propose to design interband lasers as well as of coherent quantum effects in low-dimensional intersubband THz quantum-cascade lasers. We will semiconductor structures including quantum dots. This investigate the Ge0.76Si0.18Sn0.06/Ge material system task is part of a Defense Advanced Research Projects operating in the L-valley of the conduction band Agency funded Photonics Center at the University of (electrons), and the Si0.4Ge0.5Sn0.1/Si0.03Ge0.97 California-Berkeley with other team members. material system operating in the valence band (holes). In both structures, the carriers (electrons or holes) are first Optical Bleaching and Voltage Controllable Optical injected into the active region via a miniband in the Buffers Using Quantum Dots and Wells injection region. The radiative transition, which generates S. L. Chuang,* A. Matsudaira, P. Kondratko THz photons, takes place in the active region. After the [email protected] transition, carriers are directed out of the active region by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency-Phase II another miniband and injected into the active region in the (UC Berkeley-prime) next stage for recycling. Our tasks include: QCL design With a controllable effective lifetime in the reverse bias and modeling, waveguide fabrication, and laser testing and regime, we propose to implement a variable and wide- characterization. We also investigate the possibility of bandwidth slow-light device. The controllable bandwidth interband strained quantum-well lasers using SiGeSn/Ge can reduce the number of wavelength-division- systems. multiplexing (WDM) channels required in an optical Modeling and Experimental Characterization of buffer with an ultra-wide bandwidth. We will model the Semiconductor Optical Buffers slow light based on the optical bleaching in quantum wells S. L. Chuang,* S. W. Chang, H. Su and quantum dots. The HH exciton will be our main focus [email protected] since it has a relatively narrow linewidth. An optical pump Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (University is applied to the HH continuum in QWs or to the of California–Berkeley-prime) inhomogeneous-broadened absorption in quantum dots. The goal of this project is to develop the theoretical models based on the electromagnetically induced transparency effect to design slow-wave devices using semiconductor quantum wells and quantum dots. We will develop the band structure models of semiconductor quantum dots and
* Denotes principal investigator.
52 Semiconductor Optical Buffers Using Grating Slow- Wave Devices Power and Energy Systems S. L. Chuang,* M. Fisher Optimal Power Flow Application Issues in the Pool [email protected] Paradigm National Science Foundation E. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross* Optical buffering is essential to optical packet switch The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department; implementations that have been proposed worldwide to Power Systems Engineering Research Center overcome future problems with large electronic packet The research focuses on the application of the Optimal switches. We propose to design and fabricate Power Flow (OPF) to competitive markets. Since the OPF semiconductor-based optical buffers by using sampled is a central decision-making tool, its application to the more gratings, Moirè gratings, and chirped Moirè gratings. decentralized decision making in the competitive These gratings will be fabricated using a new method to electricity markets requires considerable care. There are obtain a photonic bandgap-engineered material that has a some intrinsic challenges associated with the effective large index contrast, which is essential for group velocity OPF application in the competitive environment due to reduction. Our proposed optical buffer, unlike fiber loop inherent characteristics of the OPF formulation. Two such delay lines, is variable by using integrated electro-optical characteristics are the flatness of the optimum surface and switches or current injection. Another significant the consequent continuum associated with the optimum. In advantage is that other semiconductor optoelectronic and addition to these OPF structural characteristics, the level optical devices can be integrated with our proposed of authority vested in the central decision-making entity variable optical buffers since they are based on the same has major ramifications. These factors have wide ranging semiconductor III-V compounds. The proposed photonic economic impacts with implications that are pronounced bandgap structure will be fabricated by our collaborator at due to the fact that, unlike in the old vertically integrated the University of California at Berkeley using periodic utility environment, various market players are affected buried AlOx channels with growth on a patterned substrate. differently. The effects include price volatility, financial Slow Light in Semiconductor Quantum Well health of various players, and the integrity of the market Waveguides itself. Researchers apply appropriate metrics to evaluate S. L. Chuang,* P. Kondratko market efficiency and how the various players fare. [email protected] Researchers also study the impacts of OPF applications in U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (University of the Pool paradigm, with both supply and demand sides California-Berkeley-prime), AF UCAL SA4455-32432PG explicitly modeled, and use extensive numerical We will develop theory for achieving controllable slow- simulations. The numerical results show the variability of down of the group velocity in a narrow transparency nodal prices and the skew possible in different "optimal" window by applying a pump beam based on the mechanism allocations among competing suppliers. Such variability in of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and by the results may lead to serious disputes among the players applying an electric field to quantum-well structures with and the central decision-making authority. an electric field bias (or an external pump). We can control Reactive Load Modeling Impacts on Nodal Prices in the exciton energy levels and wave functions. Therefore, Pool Model Electricity Markets we can engineer the slow light effects for applications in E. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross* novel variable optical buffers, which are essential for all- The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department; optical networks. Power Systems Engineering Research Center The project is concerned with the interpretation of nodal prices in competitive electricity markets based on the Pool paradigm. Such prices are the byproducts of the optimization performed by the independent grid operator (IGO) to determine the centralized economic dispatch taking into account all the transmission network and the physical and operational constraints. The IGO implicitly takes into account congestion considerations in determining the centralized economic dispatch. Under the
* Denotes principal investigator.
53 Pool paradigm, a system marginal price no longer exists The Role of Load Demand in Elasticity in Congestion and each bus may have different real and reactive power Management and Pricing nodal prices due to line losses and congestion avoidance E. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross* considerations that can arise when the limit of one or more The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department; constraints is reached. The objective is to explore the Power Systems Engineering Research Center economic signals provided by these prices and effectively In the open access transmission regime, the common apply them in the design of markets and the rules of the carrier nature of the transmission system may give rise to road for these markets. The main focus of the research is frequent conditions of congestion. Under such conditions, on the explicit evaluation of the impacts of the reactive load a violation of one or more physical or operational on the nodal real and reactive prices. Researchers adopt a constraints in the base case or one of the contingency cases rather general model for the representation of the reactive is encountered. Congestion may result in certain cases in load: the reactive load at each node is represented as an marked price volatility and leads to price spikes. This is affine function of the real power load at that node; that is, particularly true in competitive electricity markets that lack the reactive load is the sum of a constant and a constant demand response. In this study, researchers examine the power factor component. This model includes as special role that demand responsiveness can play in competitive cases the constant reactive load and the constant power electricity markets. factor load including the case of purely real load Typically, the task of congestion management and corresponding to unity power factor. Researchers pricing is vested in the hands of an independent grid investigate the relationship between the real and reactive operator (IGO). The IGO uses an optimal power flow nodal prices and evaluate how they are impacted by the (OPF) based tool to determine the necessary actions to dual variables due to the various other physical and relieve the system of the congestion and to determine operational constraints in the system. Additional study transmission system usage charges. The actions of price focuses on the significance of the nodal price observations responsive loads may be represented in terms of the and the effective utilization in developing appropriate price customers' willingness to pay. From each customer's signals in the Pool paradigm. demand curve, the elasticity of the load at different prices Transmission Congestion Management Schemes: A is known and the benefit function is derived. The load at Comparative Analysis Under a Unified Framework each bus ceases to be a fixed quantity and becomes a E. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross* decision variable for the optimization problem of the IGO. The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department; In this way, the IGO has additional degrees of freedom in Power Systems Engineering Research Center determining the necessary actions for congestion relief. The project investigates the impacts of load elasticity in The restructuring of the electricity industry has spawned congestion management and pricing. Researchers analyze the introduction of new independent grid operators or the salient characteristics of the optimum determined by IGOs, typically called transmission system operators the IGO with elastic load demand explicitly represented. (TSOs), independent system operator (ISOs), or regional The research team is evaluating elasticity effects on transmission organizations (RTOs), in various parts of the consumer, producer, merchandising, and social surplus. In world. An important task of an IGO is congestion addition, the demand responsiveness impacts on price management (CM) and pricing. This activity has volatility in terms of average price and standard deviation significant economic implications on every market are determined and compared to the case without load participant in an IGO region. The research considers the responsiveness. The increase in market efficiency congestion management schemes and the associated attainable in the presence of load responsiveness is pricing mechanism used by the IGOs in five representative assessed. systems: England and Wales, Norway, Sweden, PJM, and California. Researchers developed a unified framework for Biomechanical Energy Conversion for Future Marine the mathematical representation of the market dispatch and Corps Operations redispatch problems that the IGO must solve in CM in these P. L. Chapman,* X. Zhang (Mech. Sci. & Engr.) various jurisdictions. This unified framework is used to [email protected] develop meaningful metrics to compare the various CM U.S. Office of Naval Research approaches so as to assess their efficiency and the This project involves determining the best human motions effectiveness of the market signals provided to the market for potential use in generating mobile electric power and participants. then making the best electric generators for these motions.
* Denotes principal investigator.
54 Mobile power is increasingly important for soldiers and for Analysis and Evaluation of VAr Support as an consumers of portable electronics. Batteries cannot supply Ancillary Service satisfactory power levels for long enough times to meet G. Gross,* S. Tao most objectives, thus alternative methods have been Power Systems Engineering Research Center through sought. Human power is a viable method for generating Cornell University mobile power in the few watts range, without the need for The unbundling of electricity services has brought about fuels. the need to evaluate and quantify the various services. VAr Extraction of Low-Order Models from Finite Element support is one such service. Researchers have analyzed the Representations of Electromechanical Devices principal attributes of this service and identified the P. L. Chapman* dominant cost component. The research team is developing Grainger Center for Electric Machines and an analytic basis for the evaluation of the VAr support Electromechanics needs associated with transactions. The objective is to develop an allocation mechanism for VAr support among The finite element method is very effective at accurately the transactions on the system. modeling magnetic devices such as inductors, transformers, and motors, but is very computationally Analysis of the Bilateral Transaction Paradigm for intense. Several thousand variables are used to describe Electricity Markets what should be captured in only a few. In this project, a G. Gross* model reduction method was demonstrated that begins The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program with the finite element technique. The thousands of Researchers are investigating the structure and functioning variables are systematically reduced to only a few, with of bilateral-transaction-based electricity markets such as little loss of model accuracy. This was demonstrated so far those created by restructuring in Norway and Sweden. The for a single inductor. The new model runs several orders objective is to analyze the salient characteristics of the of magnitude faster than previous models. Nord Pool market and to perform a side-by-side Fully Integrated Switch-Mode Power Supplies comparison with the England and Wales Electricity Pool. P. L. Chapman,* C. Liu The focus is on the assessment of congestion management Grainger Center for Electric Machines and and pricing. A mathematical model representing the Electromechanics market structure and rules governing the operation of the Nord Pool market has been developed. The study will A typical switch-mode dc power supply involves several assess the functioning of the Independent Grid Operator integrated circuits and discrete passive components. By and the critical role of transmission services. moving all the circuitry to a single integrated circuit, the circuit is reduced in size and potentially cost. Power Congestion Management Scheme for Multitransaction management and distribution within a chip are better Systems enabled. Several versions of a step-up dc-dc converter have G. Gross,* S. Tao been demonstrated. Newer versions will take advantage of Economic Policy Research Institute, Department of MEMS technology to improve the quality of the passive Defense components and reduce the space occupied by the chip. Researchers are investigating the allocation of charges for Optimal Diversification of Multiple Energy Sources congestion management (CM) in multiple transaction P. L. Chapman* networks. The problem is formulated in two stages. In the National Science Foundation congestion allocation stage, the operator determines the congestion burden attributable to each individual The goal is to develop a general approach to the design of transaction. In the congestion relief stage, the operator used a power converter that can interface multiple, unlike, an adjustment bidding to determine the congestion relief electrical energy sources. The interface would be capable actions. The allocation scheme is being tested on several of maximizing or minimizing the energy flow from given systems. sources. The diversification of the energy sources takes advantage of environmentally responsible energy, improves reliability, and potentially reduces cost.
* Denotes principal investigator.
55 Development of an Analytical Framework for testbed for a wide range of policy experiments, including Dispersed Generation those focused on the nature and scope of regulation in the G. Gross,* Y. Lin restructured industry. Throughout the proposed work, The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program researchers will implement simulation tools to illustrate the performance of various market designs, rule specifications, Increased competition in the electricity supply industry, regulatory policies, and strategic behavior of various increasing costs of transmission and distribution upgrades, players. greater pressures on cleaner environment, higher energy efficiency, and decreasing marginal costs of new and Effective Deployment of Financial Instruments in smaller generation technologies are some of the factors that Competitive Electricity Markets are going to impact alternatives for adding electricity G. Gross,* S. Tao supplies. The principal objective is to formulate a The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program comprehensive analytical framework for dispersed With the recent emergence of the well defined electricity generation within which the economic, technological, spot markets and the establishment of the trading of environmental, and reliability aspects can be studied. electricity futures on specific exchanges, the application of Simulation of systems with transmission constrained load financial instruments such as options, futures, and pockets and dispersed generation expansion alternatives forwards provides significant new tools to players in are being performed. electricity. Such instruments can be used for risk Development of an Analytical Framework for Strategic management as well as speculation. The focus of this Bidding in Competitive Electricity Markets: Modeling research is on the effective incorporation of these and Policy Analysis instruments into the operation of electricity trading. G. Gross,* G. Deltas (Econ.), M. Joung Researchers will investigate certain design and definitional National Science Foundation, ECS-0000577 issues in the deployment of financial derivative concepts to electricity markets. Of particular interest is the The work is focused on the design, functioning, and evaluation of the risk mitigation capabilities provided by performance of competitive mechanisms in wholesale these instruments for the trading of electricity and their electricity markets taking explicit account of the specific impacts on the spot markets. In this project, researchers characteristics and constraints of electrical generation and will investigate the salient uniqueness of electricity consumption. The objective is to develop a general and derivative contracts due to the physical power system. The comprehensive analytic framework that integrates the research team also will investigate the possibility of game theoretic aspects of electricity exchanges with the developing new financial instruments and strategies to unique constraints under which electric power systems accommodate the different risk preference of various operate. This framework will lay the foundation for the participants in the spot electricity market. Moreover, evaluation of various designs for electricity market researchers will study the impact of financial derivatives structures and "rules of the road" of auction mechanisms on various players of the market. that incorporate the constraints imposed by the physical, engineering, and operational constraints inherent in Loss Allocation Scheme for Multitransaction Systems electricity systems, so as to maximize economic efficiency. G. Gross,* S. Tao The in-depth analysis of the structural characteristics of The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program electricity markets will provide a basis for the formulation Researchers are studying the allocation of losses as a of optimal bidding and offering strategies with both function of physical power flows in multitransaction supply- and demand-side bidders. Researchers aim to use systems. The research team has recast the power flow the framework to address the various aspects of the problem in a transaction-based network and is studying the implementation and performance of auctions for issue of appropriately allocating losses on the basis of electricity; the explicit incorporation of uncertainty; the flows that the transactions bring about. Extensive tests of interrelationships between the MWh commodity markets the approach are being carried out on systems of varying and specific markets in ancillary services; and the impacts sizes. A mechanism for loss compensation has been of longer term forward and future markets. developed to provide choice to transacting entities. These issues will be investigated together with topics related to the opportunities for gaming, the existence and exercise of market power, and the impacts on electricity prices. In addition, the framework will serve as an effective
* Denotes principal investigator.
56 Metering Requirements and Metering Data capability information. Applications of the new simulator Applications in Open Access Bulk Electricity Systems for training and analysis are under study. G. Gross,* J. W. Lee The Load Frequency Control (LFC) Performance Power Engineering Research Center through Cornell Assessment University; The Grainger Foundation Inc. G. Gross,* J. W. Lee The FERC Order No. 888 specified six unbundled ancillary The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Programs services that may be provided to transmission customers. Load frequency control is used to regulate the frequency The NERC has developed a classification of 12 separate of the power system to be within acceptable bounds around interconnected operations services. The unbundling of the the synchronous value. Researchers are constructing a services and the disintegration of the vertical structure of framework for the evaluation of LFC performance the electricity business have set up new requirements for assessment taking into account the random variations of information acquisition, metering, and communications. the actual load over time. Appropriate metrics for the LFC This project will examine the communication protocols performance assessment are constructed in the random and the data management aspects of the metering activities. process based framework. These metrics are used to Real-Time Security Monitoring and Control formulate the criteria for LFC performance assessment. G. Gross* The effectiveness of industry criteria is assessed. National Science Foundation Analysis and Design of Vector Controllers for Researchers have prepared a White Paper that outlines the Induction Machines Using Singular Perturbation scope of issues, challenges, and opportunities in the area P. T. Krein,* Z. Sorchini of real-time security monitoring and control (RTSMC) of Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and power systems in the restructured electricity industry. The Electromechanics counterpart of power system reliability in real-time An alternative machine model is proposed for the analysis operations is security—the ability of the power system to and design of controllers. Based on this framework and withstand contingencies. This White Paper is part of a set using singular perturbation analysis, a sliding mode torque of six papers on reliability aspects of the electric power controller is presented. It is shown that under certain system prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy by the restrictions, direct torque control (DTC) can be derived Consortium of Electric Reliability Technology Solutions from this controller. The derivation provides insight on (CERTS). dynamics and stability of DTC. In addition to the analysis Simulation of the Multinode Open Access Same-Time of established controllers, new controllers are proposed. In Information System particular, a controller based on stator flux is shown to G. Gross,* Y. Tian encompass benefits of field oriented control and DTC, The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Programs while avoiding their limitations. The viability of this new controller is confirmed experimentally. A Web-based simulator of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) mandated Open Access Same-Time Clean Power Supply for Dynamic Loads in Low- Information System (OASIS) network was implemented. Voltage Digital Systems The purpose of the simulator is to provide a tool to study P. T. Krein,* G. Pitel the various aspects of an OASIS network, to gain a strong National Science Foundation, ECS 06-21643 intuitive feel for its operations, and to train users. For a Fast dc-dc dynamic performance is crucial for supplying specified time period, the OASISNET simulator clean power to dynamic loads, especially in low-voltage reproduces an OASIS network of multiple nodes using the digital systems where fast, high-current load steps can lead same communications medium as the actual system, the to significant transients. Control and systems change are Internet, and with multiple players using the simulator two approaches that allow converters to reject disturbances simultaneously. Salient features of the simulator are its without sacrificing bandwidth. Sophisticated control modular architecture, as well as the ability to simulate methods that harness load information can increase rise multinode OASIS network operations and to accept time performance by nearly an order of magnitude. Modern simultaneous access from remote users through use of digital systems have the necessary communication client/server technology. The simulation focuses on the infrastructure to transmit this data to the supply so it can dissemination and use of the available transmission respond intelligently. Hitherto unexplored topologies can
* Denotes principal investigator.
57 route current around system bottlenecks to achieve ultra- machine. Current work focuses on better understanding fast performance. Both approaches are being evaluated. the nature of the fundamental fields and forces at work inside an electric machine. Conformal mapping based on Comparison between Hard and Soft Turn-Off of the Schwarz-Christoffel mapping theorem is being IGBTs in PWM Inverters explored to solve analytically for magnetic fields and P. T. Krein,* A. Banerjee forces in two-dimensional machine structures. Delphi DEGS Scholarship Digital Control for Energy Optimization To ensure optimum benefit of insulated gate bipolar P. T. Krein,* J. Kimball transistors (IGBT), their appropriate operation is crucial. National Science Foundation, ECS 06-21643 Pulse-width modulation (PWM) exposes IGBTs to variable duty cycles and frequencies. Hence, IGBT Discrete-time ripple-correlation control (DRCC), robustness is necessary to ensure system reliability. developed with SmartSpark Energy Systems, extends Requirements such as low device stress versus low ripple correlation control (RCC) into the digital domain. commutation losses demand conflicting gate-drive Analog RCC is reduced to a sample timing problem: With designs. The potential gains of incorporating either hard correctly timed samples of variables, a microcontroller can turn-off (straight turn-off of the gate once over-current is determine the optimal operating point location. detected) or soft turn-off (when over-current is detected, Convergence is fast and uniform. After the system is reset the gate voltage is brought down gradually to limit current, at open circuit, the solar panel is driven near maximum and then turn-off is initiated) techniques will be analyzed output power by choosing a voltage value relative to the with respect to design conflicts. open-circuit measurement, enabling the DRCC algorithm to quickly converge to global maximum output and avoid Design of Small Inverter-Fed Induction Motors undesirable operating points. DRCC is demonstrated over P. T. Krein,* M. Amrhein a wide range of solar conditions. Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics Distributed Controls in a Distributed DC Power System Nearly all induction machines built today are based on P. T. Krein,* R. Balog previous designs, carrying on constraints imposed long National Science Foundation Grant, ECS-0224829 ago. Although new materials are employed, the basic concepts have not changed in decades. However, with Distributed dc bus architectures have become the standard power electronic inverters, some constraints no longer for power distribution in naval ships and telecomm apply. This project investigates fundamental design applications. This study focused on distributed control choices, such as number of phases, operating frequency, techniques for point of load (POL) converters that act and number of poles, as well as geometric parameters. The locally but in an orchestrated manner to ensure reliable goal is to derive design rules to yield machines with system operation without a central controller. It is expected improved efficiencies and operating characteristics. that information contained in the bus voltage can provide Design tools and methods specialized for inverter- adequate information about the system state of health. To dedicated induction machines are being developed, and test these algorithms, a number of POL converters and complete machines will be designed and tested. controls were designed and built to create a distributed dc system. Development of an Automated First-Principles Design Tool for Electromechanical Devices Flexible Digital PWM Control for Embedded Power P. T. Krein,* T. O'Connell Converters [email protected] P. T. Krein,* X. Geng Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and [email protected] Electromechanics University of Illinois, Motorola Center for Communications The objective is to use closed-form solutions of Maxwell’s equations as a tool for first-principles design of Switching power conversion for portable communications, electromechanical devices. In this research, a personal digital assistants and most other electronic Mathematica program has been developed that automates products is controlled through pulse width modulation such a process. A generic layered is used to represent (PWM). Since PWM produces strong components at the material in the rotor, stator, or air gap of an electric switching frequency and its multiples, one objective of X.
* Denotes principal investigator.
58 Geng and P. Krein is to study spectral characteristics of Composer Studio, and Spectrum Digital eZdsp, we are able PWM for purposes of noise and switching loss to streamline software development from computer management. Nonrandom switching schemes are being simulation to target implementation. The process is developed to reduce interference without extra losses. efficient and allows developers to focus on the control Applications include flexible digital implementations for scheme. A user graphical interface allows real-time control the full range of dc-dc converters and small motor drive of multiple parameters and data logging. units for automotive loads. Torque-Angle-Oriented Control for Induction Motors Mitigation of Power System Collapse through Active P. T. Krein,* G. Zhang Dynamic Buffers Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and P. T. Krein,* W. Weaver Electromechanics [email protected] Constant voltage-frequency-ratio control, field-oriented National Science Foundation Grant, NSF ECS-0224829 control, and direct torque control are the most popular ac Power electronics continues to grow as an element of motor control methods. There are also numerous electrical loads. Loads such as motor drives, computer techniques to improve the static and dynamic performance power supplies, and compact fluorescent lighting serve to by applying more complex algorithms to these controls. "isolate" load dynamics from the utility grid and enforce The goal of a proposed torque-angle-oriented control is to constant power behavior. They tend to destabilize the grid. simplify control algorithms so that reasonably good static In this study, power buffering is examined as a way to and dynamic performance may be achieved without adding mitigate effects of constant power loads by controlling the complexity to the motor control system. A digital dynamic impedance of the converter during a disturbance. algorithm has been developed and tested to show the Experiments have shown the advantages of using power advantages of the torque-angle approach. buffers. Further work involves studying the interaction of A Microgrid-Based Telecom Power System Using multiple power-buffer converters in a distributed system. Modular Multiple-Input Dc-Dc Converters Re-Rating of Induction Machines for Traction P. T. Krein,* A. Kwasinski Applications Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and P. T. Krein,* M. Amrhein, B. I. Fierro Electromechanics Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and A microgrid is an independently controlled portion of an Electromechanics electrical grid. It comprises its own power sources (such Electrical machines used in traction applications are often as fuel cells, solar cells, microturbines), energy storage chosen such that their rated power matches the need. devices (such as flywheels, batteries, ultracapacitors), and However, a machine is inherently designed for a certain loads, usually interconnected with a larger grid. With torque. Higher output power can be achieved by spinning independent control, a microgrid with a utility tie can the motor faster at constant flux. By re-rating the stator deliver high reliability, high efficiency, and uninterruptible winding of the machine to a low nominal voltage, the power functions, while reducing energy storage needs constant torque range can be extended to higher compared to traditional systems. This work explores a frequencies and speeds, thus increasing the output power. microgrid-based telecommunications power plant with a A 2.25 kW machine was re-rated by a factor of 2:1 and distributed architecture. Combinations of converters and tested in three configurations. The efficiency increased controls create a flexible, reliable plant that meets with increasing frequency, provided the machine operated performance needs of modern telecommunication systems. at constant torque. A Stochastic Approach to Power Factor Correction Software Development for a Modular Inverter P. T. Krein,* J. Kimball P. T. Krein,* P. L. Chapman,* G. Zhang, J. Wells National Science Foundation, ECS 06-21643 Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Power factor correction (PFC) converters enable Electromechanics computers and other electronic devices to operate near A modular inverter is being created to serve as a test bed unity power factor. Without PFC, they would inject for various motor drive control schemes. This project is to harmonic currents into the power grid and disrupt other develop a software common platform for control equipment. Kalman filters and related stochastic algorithms. By integrating Matlab/Simulink, Code techniques are used to extract current information from
* Denotes principal investigator.
59 voltages and eliminate current sensors. Kalman filter- Workshop to Consider the Practicality of a Continental based controllers can be modified to generate any current Energy SuperGrid waveform, allowing both unity and non-unity PFC to be T. Overbye* accomplished with a small software adjustment. This Richard Lounsbery Foundation allows the power converter designed to exploit allowed The purpose of this project is to convene a workshop to harmonics and, depending on the application, to either investigate the technical and societal viability of a proposal reduce cost or improve reliability. for the creation of a “Continental SuperGrid” to meet our Evaluating the Potential for Transmission Constraints country’s energy needs in the mid- to late-half of the 21st on the Operation of a Competitive Electricity Market Century. The proposal calls for the creation of a in Illinois continental grid, delivering both electricity and fuel. The T. Overbye,* X. Cheng electric portion of the grid would be superconducting, high [email protected] voltage dc, with liquid hydrogen used as the core coolant. Illinois Commerce Commission The electric power and hydrogen would be supplied from The goal of this project is to determine if the transmission nuclear and other source power plants spaced along the system in Illinois and the surrounding region is able to grid. Electricity would exit the system at various dc-ac support a competitive electricity market: that is, one that taps, connecting into the existing ac power grid. The would allow for effective competition to keep prices in hydrogen would also exit the grid, providing a readily check and allow for new market participants to compete available, alternative fuel—for perhaps fuel-cell based effectively for market share. The project will seek to automobiles. While the scope of this proposal is certainly determine if there are conditions that could reasonably be ambitious, given its potential for significant society-wide expected to occur that would enable a company to exercise benefits, it is also one that deserves serious consideration market power in one or more portions of the state and and debate. thereby create undue pressure on the prices charged to Power Industry Restructuring and Pricing in Siberia customers and/or inhibit new market participants from S. Palamarchuk, G. Gross* entering the market. It should be noted that the intent of Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs; U.S. this project is not to predict whether or not such market Department of State power would actually be exercised by any company. The restructuring of the power industry in Russia is under Rather, it is designed to determine if a set of reasonably way. The existing nationwide market is planned to be expected conditions could allow any company to do so. divided into three regional sectors, one of which will be set Interactive Visualization of Electrical Power System up in the Siberian region of the country. The restructuring Transmission System Capacity will allow the market arrangements to take into account the T. J. Overbye,* D. Wiegmann, Y. Sun regional characteristics of electricity generation, Power Systems Engineering Research Center transmission, and consumption. The project aims to One of the major goals associated with restructuring in the develop an auction mechanism for the wholesale electricity electrical power industry is to allow nondiscriminatory trade in Siberia. Key aspects include review of the market access to the high-voltage transmission grid. However, a structures currently in operation, design of the market key difficulty in achieving this goal has been the fact that forward trade and the associated pricing issues, the capacity of the transmission grid has a finite but not development of procedures for the evaluation of rational easily determined value. That is to say, the ability of the bidding strategies for market players, and training of the transmission system to support additional power players in the new environment. transactions is limited by the need to maintain system Critical Cutsets for Static Transfer Stability Limits security. The goal of this project is to develop and apply P. W. Sauer,* B. Raczkowski innovative visualization methods to aid market participants [email protected] in determining this availability. National Science Foundation and Grainger Foundation Endowments This project is investigating possible direct data indications (line flow measurements) of closeness to voltage collapse and methods to increase margins to voltage collapse. The
* Denotes principal investigator.
60 goal is to evaluate this information using SCADA Voltage and Reactive Power Computation for measurements rather than model-based computation. Contingency Analysis using Sensitivities P. W. Sauer,* P. Ruiz Dynamic Behavior and Load Model Estimation from [email protected] Measurements Roberto Rocca Fellowship and Grainger Foundation P. W. Sauer,* S. Liu Endowments [email protected] National Science Foundation and Grainger Foundation This project is investigating alternatives to full AC power Endowments flow techniques in contingency analysis. While sensitivity analysis is normally limited to real power computation for This project is investigating the use of phasor measurement estimating line flows, this work is considering piecewise unit data to provide real-time estimates of system dynamic linear methods that reflect the physical limits on reactive behavior and estimates of load model structures and their power sources and voltage control. This preserves the associated parameters. The dynamic behavior would be linear nature of the contingency analysis while recognizing quantified by estimated levels of system damping for an important nonlinearity. critical modes. Phasor Measurement Unit Computation Algorithms P. W. Sauer,* R. Yeu Reliable and High-Performance [email protected] Computing Grainger Foundation Endowments This project is investigating various alternative algorithms Composable Processors that might be used by intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) N. P. Carter,* R. Gupta, G. Rasche, J. Stine to measure phasors during transients. Assumptions about Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MARCO balanced or unbalanced system conditions and off-nominal Center frequency complicate the options for these measurements. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory In addition, filtering and averaging issues create further options for alternative algorithms. As silicon fabrication technology improves, processors and system-on-a-chip (SOC) designs are moving toward Trustworthy Communication and Computing gridded layouts to minimize the impact of wire delays on Architectures for Power Systems performance. The composable processors project is P. W. Sauer* studying techniques to reduce the design time and cost of [email protected] grid-based custom processors through the use of a set of National Science Foundation pre-designed "tiles" that can be composed together to form This project is investigating the needs of power system a variety of custom system architectures. In addition to the communication and computing environments for future design of the tiles and systems that use them, we are use in deregulated power systems. This includes the need developing software techniques to automatically generate to share information between regions and independent high-performance, low-cost architectures for specific operators. applications in this design methodology. Value of Real and Reactive Power Reserves Magnetoelectronic Reconfigurable Logic P. W. Sauer,* P. Ruiz N. P. Carter* [email protected] [email protected] Roberto Rocca Fellowship and Grainger Foundation U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-02-1-1038 Endowments Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory This project is investigating the technical and economic We are developing reconfigurable logic systems based on issues associated with determining the value of real and a novel magnetoelectronic device: the Hybrid Hall Effect reactive power reserves. These reserves can be broken device. These circuits can be configured to compute a wide down into various components that reflect their operational range of logic functions with nonvolatile storage of their benefits to the system. The issues with each component are outputs and can be easily integrated into CMOS designs. being addressed from an economic and reliability point of Current challenges include reducing the power view.
* Denotes principal investigator.
61 consumption of our circuits and developing system dependence information to find and exploit global architectures that best take advantage of their capabilities. instruction-level concurrency within a single thread of execution. Using these techniques, we can achieve Self-Healing Reliable Reconfigurable Systems execution rates four to ten times that achievable by N. P. Carter* superscalar processors. [email protected] University of Illinois Advanced Predicate-Domain Code Optimization W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Intel Corporation Reconfigurable logic is an attractive fabric for reliable Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory system design because faults in portions of the logic can be corrected by reconfiguring the system to avoid the faulty The predicated representation, in which control is resources. We are developing design techniques for implemented via conditional execution of instructions reliable systems implemented using reconfigurable logic. rather than branches, presents two general categories of These techniques combine application-directed synthesis new optimization opportunities: the optimization of of redundant functionality to tolerate errors, run-time program decision logic and the optimization of detection of faults, incremental synthesis for fast repair, computation code using predication. This project aims to and global resynthesis to avoid cumulative effects from reduce control overhead by extracting control expressions multiple faults. from predicated code, optimizing these expressions using Boolean minimization techniques, and re-expressing The Amalgam Programmable-Reconfigurable control using more efficient sequences of predicate Processor defining instructions. In the second area, this project works N. P. Carter* toward a paradigm in which stores, branches, and loop [email protected] boundaries can be reordered freely to achieve performance U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1-0824 goals. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Architecture and Compiler Techniques for Optimizing Amalgam combines several conventional processors and Memory Accesses blocks of reconfigurable architecture into a single W.-M. Hwu,* H.-S. Kim, E. M. Nystrom microprocessor, using a clustered architecture to minimize National Science Foundation, CCR 96-29948/98-09478; the impact of wire delay on cycle time. Our results show Intel Corporation that this architecture generates an average of greater than Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory 12x speedup over a simple microprocessor on a range of benchmarks. We are currently developing compiler The goal of this research is to develop an integrated techniques for this architecture, as well as investigating compiler and architecture approach to drastically reduce architectural features to improve performance in far-future the frequency and cost of memory accesses in future fabrication processes. computer systems. In particular, a compiler strategy that is built upon interprocedural pointer analysis and new Architectural Models for Highly Concurrent heuristics for estimating the probability of colliding pointer Instruction Execution contents will be developed to take full advantage of the data M. I. Frank,* S. J. Patel speculation features in future microprocessors. The [email protected] insights provided by fully disambiguated memory accesses National Science Foundation, CCF-0429711 may drastically change the future course of run-time data Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory speculation supports. Superscalar processors can concurrently execute several instructions from a single thread, but are limited in the amount of concurrency they can find and exploit because they must fetch and rename instructions in program order. We build on compiler-assisted thread level parallelization mechanisms that concurrently fetch, rename, and execute multiple, widely separated, portions of the program. We are developing new dynamic techniques for using control-
* Denotes principal investigator.
62 Automatic Transformation of Traditional Software associated with traditional on-chip memories. This project Components into a Data-Flow Execution Model seeks to design new configurable on-chip SRAM W.-M. Hwu,* C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim microarchitectures that will enable large SRAM structures [email protected] to approach the power efficiency of small custom DARPA/MARCO Gigascale Systems Research Center memories for memory-intensive applications such as (GSRC); Semiconductor Research Corporation media and signal processing. The proposed structures support configurability in access ports, access latencies, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and sleep-drowsy states. Our deep analysis toolset, a Due to the cost of building ever-larger uniprocessors with carefully engineered symbiosis of whole-program data standard, single global on-chip storage, future gigascale flow, control flow, and pointer/data structure analyses, will computing platforms will increasingly rely on special- disaggregate the application's memory data flows and will purpose hardware accelerators that employ decentralized allow transformation of existing programs to take full data-flow computation models. However, the traditional advantage of the configurability of the new SRAM von Neumann programming model will continue to be structures. strongly preferred due to the high cost of changing the Deep Program Analysis fundamental software model. To improve design W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, H. C. Hunter, productivity in the presence of the widening gap between C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim the programming model and the underlying hardware Intel Corporation; National Science Foundation, platform, we are developing deep program analysis and 98-09478 transformation techniques that will enable tools to automatically extract data flow computation components Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory from a von Neumann program. Current code analysis techniques draw dependences based Compiler and Architecture Support for Program largely on program structure and on register and memory Tunneling accesses, many of which are not inherent to algorithms but W.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, M. C. Merten, A. R. Trick, are merely side effects of implementation in a particular H.-S. Kim architecture or coding paradigm. The conservative nature Hewlett-Packard of these analysis techniques limits the compiler's ability to perform broad, powerful code optimizations. Deep Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory program analysis is intended to discern the fundamental Modern programming paradigms often impose major algorithmic dependences of input programs from among performance penalties on application programs. Object those artificially imposed. The application of deep program oriented programming, structured exception handling, analysis techniques could revolutionize program automatic memory management, middleware services, and optimization, memory access microarchitecture, software operating system calls are all examples of such costly development process, software verification, and software features. The goal of this research is to eliminate the cost debugging. of these features for the frequently traversed paths of IMPACT Post-Link Optimization Framework executable programs. Architecture support, in the form of W.-M. Hwu,* M. C. Merten, R. D. Barnes, new protection schemes and no-overhead profiling E. M. Nystrom mechanisms, will be developed to enable the run-time Hewlett-Packard; Microsoft Corp. optimizer to safely perform aggressive optimizations. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Configurable On-Chip Memory Microarchitectures W.-M. Hwu,* H. C. Hunter, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, Commercial software vendors distribute products in binary H.-S. Kim executable form, compiled for a specific processor. Very [email protected] limited technology exists for optimizing binary DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research executables, thus preventing end users from optimizing Center (GSRC); Semiconductor Research Corporation programs for their particular machines and usage patterns. To remedy this problem, this project is creating a binary Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory optimization framework that will serve as a bridge between Simple technology scaling offers little hope for breaking the binary executable and the IMPACT compiler. Using the difficult scalability and power/performance barriers this framework, the team can experiment with
* Denotes principal investigator.
63 optimizations targeted machine. Such optimization could resources of the chip into four independent clusters, with be performed at the time of program installation or offline, each cluster having its own program-controllable data while the user's machine is idle. memory. A decoded instruction buffer in each cluster reduces instruction fetch bandwidth and power IMPACT Run-Time Optimization Framework consumption in loops. Compiler techniques are being W.-M. Hwu,* R. D. Barnes, E. M. Nystrom developed to coordinate intercluster data movement to [email protected] eliminate many of the memory accesses required during Advanced Micro Devices; Microsoft Corp. the execution of media programs on conventional Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory architectures. Aggressive code specialization at compile time can achieve Multipass EPIC Microarchitecture significant performance gains, although it is typically W.-M. Hwu,* R. D. Barnes, J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, limited by risks of profile-dependence and code-explosion. S. J. Patel, N. Navarro Therefore, we are developing a framework for adaptive, [email protected] runtime optimization, allowing profiling and Intel Corporation; Hewlett-Packard specialization of code regions based on the current Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory workload profile. Rather than solely focusing on opportunities in relatively unoptimized applications, this It is well established that the in-order microarchitecture framework focuses on providing an efficient architecture used by EPIC processor such as Itanium can exploit the for targeting optimization of opportunities presented by compiler's proficiency in planning parallelism. However, even the most aggressively optimized code. Components the inability of this substrate to accommodate unexpected of these frameworks include efficient runtime optimization latencies, such as data cache misses, is its most vexing algorithms, techniques for identifying optimization weakness. To address this problem, we propose multipass candidates using nonintrusive profiling, and seamless pipelining, a new class of in-order microarchitectures in deployment of optimized code. which the processor pipeline defers execution of instructions with unready operands for later processing, Java Run-Time Architecture thereby avoiding stalls. A first-generation design of this W.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, H.-S. Kim technique delivers substantial performance improvements Hewlett-Packard for applications with significant memory stalls. Future Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory generations promise to further enhance the performance This project focuses on enhancements needed to create while reducing complexity, area, and power. highly optimized native code for dynamic Java server Next-Generation EPIC Compiler Technology applications. This includes the construction of a next- W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, S.-Z. Ueng, generation Java run-time prototype that offers a means of S. Ryoo, G. A. Kent, I. M. Steiner integration between dynamic code production and static [email protected] code reuse. Also included are a streamlined object model, Intel Corporation; Hewlett-Packard nonintrusive profiling, dynamic optimizations, reduced Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory intermodule communication overhead, run-time deployment of optimized code, improved memory We have demonstrated that IMPACT's aggressive use of management subsystem, and hardware enhancements to predication, speculation, and code replication in its support Java specific features. structural transformation approach can attain substantial integer code performance increases over contemporary Memory-Efficient EPIC Processors compilers for Itanium2. Challenges and opportunities W.-M. Hwu,* N. P. Carter, H. Hunter, C.-W. Li remain: sophisticated combinations of transformations Semiconductor Research Corporation required to expose desired levels of instruction-level Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory parallelism pose profile-dependence and stability issues. Researchers are developing an improved EPIC architecture Selective specialization, while not yet controlled with great that will provide the high performance required by precision, shows an ability to improve instruction caching upcoming embedded applications while significantly as well as ILP. Control and data speculation interact reducing power consumption and memory bandwidth nontrivially with optimizations and operating system requirements. This architecture divides the processing models. Finally, more sophisticated region selection and
* Denotes principal investigator.
64 optimization techniques promise increasingly efficient use specialization of library functions and operating system of wide EPIC resources. services is based on interprocedural analysis of applications, programmatic logic analysis, data value OpenIMPACT Compiler Release analysis, and interthread escape analysis. Unnecessary W.-M. Hwu,* R. E. Kidd, J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom code and modules are eliminated. A new fundamental [email protected] model of the operating system functions, based on Gelato; Hewlett-Packard; National Science Foundation, microkernel concepts, is developed to systematically CCR 98-09404 verify the correctness of each customized version. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Customization technologies are developed at the source This project aims to release the IMPACT research compiler and then at the binary level, with the long-term goal of as a general-purpose, open-source compiler for the IA64 handling commercial software. Potential benefits include Linux platform. The research compiler's features, such as rapid generation of software, smaller software footprints, predicated compilation, instruction-level parallelism reduced energy consumption, and higher performance. optimizations, compiler-engineered speculation, and Scalable Deep Program Analysis profile-based optimizations, as well as its extensible W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, research framework, will be retained. In addition, an easy- H.-S. Kim, S. Ryoo, N. Navarro, S. Lumetta to-use interface will be provided that will allow [email protected] OpenIMPACT to be used as a high-performance DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research alternative to traditional compilers. This project will be Center (GSRC); National Science Foundation, released under the University of Illinois (UIUC/NCSA) Information Technology Research Open Source License. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Predicate Analysis and Predicate-Aware Dataflow Future breakthroughs in computer architecture, software Analysis engineering, and trustworthy computing will rely on the W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias compiler to perform program analyses that are considered Intel Corporation infeasible today. Deep program analysis refers to compile- Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory time techniques that can derive important properties of the Efficient and accurate analysis of predicate relationships program execution accurately. Examples of deep analysis and predicate-aware dataflow analysis are essential to include value ranges that can be assumed by variables, effective optimization and scheduling of predicated code. realizable data flow through memory objects, and memory A predicate analysis engine must first quickly analyze the locations that can be accessed by program components. code at the function level to determine all relationships New scalable approaches to deep program analysis are among predicates. Then, it must store its findings in a being developed to enable their application to large, database that can accurately and efficiently answer queries complex software systems. about the relations among predicates. The first objective of Scalable, Accurate Interprocedural Pointer Analysis this project is to create a function-level, accurate, and W.-M. Hwu,* E. M. Nystrom, H.-S. Kim efficient predicate analysis engine. The second objective is [email protected] to create a predicate-aware dataflow analysis engine that is DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research both accurate and fast. Center (GSRC); National Science Foundation, Rapid Customization of Systems Software Information Technology Research, CCR 98-09478 W.-M. Hwu,* J. N. Navarro, E. Nystrom, R. Barnes, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, G. Kent, J. Player, J. Cours, D. Yang Pointer analysis is a critical foundation for virtually all MARCO, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency advanced program analysis techniques. In a programming (part of MARCO Center Soft Systems Thrust) language like C that supports an explicit address operator, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory indirect calls, structures, heap allocation, and pointer The objective of the project is to develop compiler-based, casting, memory activity can easily be obscured. We deep program analysis that transcends the boundaries believe that highly accurate results and the ability to scale currently separating the application, the dynamically to large programs do not have to be mutually exclusive linked libraries, and the operating system. Code- goals. To this end, a pointer analysis framework has been
* Denotes principal investigator.
65 developed that provides an efficient representation for Value Analysis Compilation Framework achieving accurate results through novel mechanisms to W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias deal with procedural side effects, global variables, heap Intel Corp. locations, and fields. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Ubiquitous Instruction-Level Parallelism Analyzing the flow of values through program Architectures computation provides many opportunities for improving W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, R. D. Barnes, E. M. Nystrom, the performance of computer systems. This project has two H. C. Hunter, S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, G. Kent related objectives: the optimization of existing control flow Intel; Motorola, Inc.; Microsoft Corp.; National Science through value analysis and value speculation. Value flow Foundation, 98-09478 analysis facilitates dead code elimination and control Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory optimization. Value speculation refers to the execution of instructions before all source operand values have been As instruction-level parallelism (ILP) architectures such as determined. This can be done when instructions generate Intel IA-64 and TI C6x move into the mainstream of the same value for each execution, the same value for a computing, it has become critical to solve the technical high percentage of executions, or predictable values. problems involved in making these architectures Compilers can exploit these regularities through code appropriate for future embedded applications. The goal of specializations, collectively referred to as value this research is to develop new compiler, architecture, and speculation. microarchitecture concepts to drastically reduce the code size, data transfers, energy consumption, and die size of Verification of Run-time Optimized Code future ILP processors. New techniques will also be W.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, J. W. Sias, M. C. Merten, developed to further enhance the performance of future ILP A. R. Trick, R. D. Barnes microprocessors. Hewlett-Packard Ultra-efficient Giga-scale Computing Platform Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Architecture Executable programs are increasingly optimized and W.-M. Hwu,* S. Lumetta, N. Navarro, D. Burke, modified in the field. Just-in-time compilation of Java J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim, programs is a well-known example of such run-time code R. D. Barnes, H. C. Hunter, S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, J. Player, modification. The goal of this research is to overcome the I. Steiner technical challenges involved in automatic verification of [email protected] run-time optimized code. An interdisciplinary approach DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research that integrates program analysis algorithms and hardware Center (GSRC); Advanced Micro Devices; Xilinx; IBM test and verification techniques will be developed to cover Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory a wide variety of software defects. This project seeks to achieve orders of magnitude of An Engineering Prototyping Environment for improvement in power efficiency in future computing Compiling C Program Components into Application- platforms by systematically synthesizing and utilizing Specific Logic hardware accelerators in the forms of ASIP, ASIC, and W.-M. Hwu,* D. R. Burke FPGA. This approach is motivated by the availability of [email protected] immense numbers of transistors in future chips and the DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research limitation of activating only a tiny fraction of them at any Center (GSRC); Xilinx; IBM; Mentor Graphics given time. New system architectures allow seamless Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory integration of accelerators with processors containing extremely high-bandwidth, short-latency communication. This project seeks to establish an engineering prototyping Advanced program analysis and transformation techniques environment to enable research in ultra-efficient gigascale convert traditional memory side-effect-based execution computing platforms. In this environment, we are activities into explicit data flow, enabling extremely prototyping processor design, operating system support, efficient direct hardware execution. compiler technology, synthesis paths, libraries, and device drivers needed in future heterogeneous software and logic systems. The first generation prototype is based on the
* Denotes principal investigator.
66 Xilinx ML300 board, the Linux kernel, the Mentor ITR: Methodologies and Tools for Designing and Graphics ASAP tool chain, and the IMPACT compiler. Implementing Large-Scale, Real-Time Systems The initial applications being prototyped are from the R. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, L. Wang, A. Khanna design driver applications of the MARCO Gigascale [email protected] Systems Research Center with emphasis on future home National Science Foundation, Information Technology entertainment applications. Research Program, #0121658 (Subcontracted from Vanderbilt University) Fault-Injection-Based Benchmarking R. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, S. Chen, C. Basile Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] The research proposed is to develop methodologies and Motorola, Inc. tools for designing and implementing very large-scale, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory real-time embedded computer systems that achieve ultrahigh computational performance through use of In this research, we propose to explore issues and parallel hardware architectures; achieve and maintain techniques for intrusion detection and intrusion tolerance functional integrity via distributed, hierarchical in networked environments. Specifically, we will focus on monitoring and control; are required to be highly available; analyzing data on security attacks to determine and are dynamically reconfigurable, maintainable, and vulnerabilities exploited by attackers and to classify the evolvable. The specific application that will drive this attacks according to their causes; generating measurement- research and provide a test platform for it is the trigger and based security attack models depicting the attack process; data acquisition system for BTeV, an accelerator-based creating stochastic models that reflect behaviors of the high-energy physics experiment to study matter-antimatter system in the presence of variable workloads, errors, and asymmetries in the decays of particles containing the security attacks; investigating measures and experimental bottom quark. procedures for benchmarking system reliability and security; understanding potential inconsistencies in Processor Level Error Detection and Recovery application and system implementation; and proposing Techniques software and hardware intrusion detection and prevention R. K. Iyer* techniques. [email protected] Intel Research Council Gigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC): Reliable Systems Thrust This research is aimed at providing hardware-level, low- R. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, W. Gu, K. Pattabiraman, latency error detection and recovery. To achieve this goal G. Saggese, M. Gupta, N. Nakka we will develop and demonstrate hardware-implemented [email protected] error detection and security mechanisms embedded as DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research modules in the hardware-level framework, which is Center (GSRC) implemented as in integral part of a superscalar microprocessor. While the framework closely interacts Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory with the processor pipeline, we do not propose to redesign Our focus is on designing hierarchical systems of hardware the pipeline. Rather, the intent is to understand the pipeline and software detection and recovery mechanisms to handle to the extent needed for defining a robust interface with multiple and/or near coincident errors and to limit (or which we can demonstrate the operation and efficacy prevent) error propagation. We will explore a four-tiered (coverage) of the modules. The framework and its interface approach to develop and integrate detection and recovery with the pipeline are implemented in a reconfigurable support at different levels of the system hierarchy. These portion of the die along with the processor. Example levels can be classified as embedded programmable hardware modules we will explore include preemptive hardware support; operating system support; compiler control-flow checking, a process health monitor, support; and application support. Additional work will hardware-based checkpointing, and pointer-taintedness include updates to the ARMOR (adaptive reconfigurable tracking. mobile objects of reliability) software, NFTAPE, and the Reliability and Security Engine (RSE) project.
* Denotes principal investigator.
67 Quality of Distributed Control and Surveillance of the capability of modern digital communication R. K. Iyer,* N. Breems, M. Agarwal systems. It is, however, unlikely that current commercial [email protected] digital communication schemes will be able to satisfy the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; stringent requirement of constant connection, very low Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University power, congestion control, and ease of use. The goal of this Research Initiative, N000914-01-1-0576 project is to define the architecture of the public safety digital communication systems via careful analysis of field Conducted at the Coordinated Science Laboratory requirements and creation of new communication The objective of this proposal is to create a scientific protocols. An interdisciplinary approach is taken to foundation for the distributed optimization problem of integrate user behavior studies with core technology control and surveillance. The goal of our research is to development. investigate fault-tolerant and secure communication in a Role-Play Scenarios for Teaching Responsible Conduct wireless or wireline environment, (e.g. an ad-hoc sensor of Research network). In our approach, we explore and prototype a M. Loui,* C. K. Gunsalus,* B. Brummel, C. Chang transparent, high-availability framework for supporting National Science Foundation, ERC-0628814 client-server applications operating over wireline or wireless networks, investigate issues and solutions (e.g. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory protocols) in supporting reliable and secure We are developing and assessing role-play scenarios to communications in wireless (e.g. sensor networks), and teach central topics in the responsible conduct of research develop a remote vehicle testbed to investigate and test to graduate students in science and engineering. Because real-time, secure, and fault-tolerant control. few previous studies have carefully assessed the A Compiler-Enabled Model and Measurement-Driven effectiveness of role-play in teaching ethics, we are Adaptation Environment for Dependability and conducting a systematic assessment of role-play, using Performance multiple methods, in multiple departments. We have R. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, K. Pattabiraman conducted formative assessments of role-play scenarios in [email protected] two different departments, using survey and focus group National Science Foundation, CNS-0406351 methods. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Capacity Versus Robustness: A Tradeoff for Restoration in Mesh Networks This proposal has the potential for innovation of new S. Lumetta,* S. Kim measurement-driven and compiler enabled early detection, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, making the task of detection and diagnosis of performance MDA972-99-1-0005 problems and operational faults more efficient. To build detectors that can predict the likelihood of failures, we will Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory use experimental system analysis to identify correlations Researchers are investigating capacity-efficient recovery between system behaviors and subsequent failure methods in high-speed networks. The team recently occurrence. Our research will employ measurement data demonstrated an extension of generalized loopback that and their analysis, together with compiler analysis of operates on a subgraph of the full backup graph in an program behavior, to devise a methodology for data-driven existing network. The backup capacity on remaining links discovery of early symptoms of errors, characterization of can then be used to carry unprotected traffic, while all system/application sensitivity to errors, and identification primary fibers retain failure protection. The results of locations to place new detectors and guide engineering demonstrate robustness comparable or superior to that of application-specific detectors. available with covers of rings while providing an additional Future Communication Technology for Public Safety unprotected traffic capacity of roughly 20% of the L. Liu,* J. P. Monks, W.-M. Hwu network's primary capacity. Motorola, Inc. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory In the next decade, the communications technology for public safety officials will be revamped to take advantage
* Denotes principal investigator.
68 Reliable, Efficient Communication on a Fast Ethernet resource allocation and management issues into a simple Cluster interface; a hierarchy-aware run-time system that offers the S. Lumetta,* J. Joh illusion of a nonhierarchical system by adapting to the University of Illinois, Campus Research Board current hierarchical virtual machine; language constructs and dynamic compiler support to tune application Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory behavior; and applications that demonstrate the value of Networks of workstations (NOWs) have proven to be an the framework. inexpensive yet effective alternative to vendor-packaged Creating an Integrated Modular Environment for the parallel architectures. The performance of NOW's running Modeling, Analysis, and Verification of Embedded on Fast Ethernet is often limited by TCP/IP communication Hybrid Systems overhead between the nodes in NOWs. Researchers are N. Neogi,* V. V. Lam, W. H. Sanders developing a new, lightweight, reliable communication National Science Foundation, CCR-0311616 protocol incorporating ideas of user-level communication, lightweight flow control, and multiple network interfaces Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory per connection. The protocol supports the large body of We are creating a tightly integrated design, analysis, existing parallel applications written to the Message verification, and implementation environment for real- Passing Interface standard. Researchers will evaluate the time, safety-critical embedded hybrid systems. Results will effectiveness of their design in terms of the performance include a formalism-independent framework for of these applications when using their protocol. embedded hybrid system architectural specification; Survivability and Reliability in Direct Access Networks efficient analysis and verification techniques that mitigate S. Lumetta,* L. Li the state explosion problem by using escape paths and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, reward structures to create a directed search of the state MDA972-99-1-0005 space; and an integrated suite of stochastic modeling and analysis tools that augment the Möbius modeling tool with Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory advanced techniques that solve scalable and complex Researchers are developing routing and recovery protocols hybrid models with respect to performance and to provide reliable connectivity in direct access optical dependability measures and capture the interactions networks (DANs). DANs decouple access from routing, typically found in embedded hybrid systems. allowing new users to access to the network without Immersive Network Simulation Testbed incurring the high cost of an optical switch. Through this D. M. Nicol* decoupling, researchers enable more cost-effective and [email protected] reliable network expansion. Direct access also simplifies U.S. Department of Homeland Security the models of ownership by reducing the depth of the ownership hierarchy and the number of potential security Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory hazards and points of failure for a connection. Finally, We are developing a network simulator for use in exercises DANs allow network providers to offer a wider variety of by organizations interested in practicing their response to bandwidth and reliability options. attacks on their IT infrastructure. The simulator uses high An Adaptive, High-Performance Software performance modeling and execution techniques, runs in Infrastructure for Hierarchical Systems real-time, and supports user interaction with simulated S. Lumetta* devices using emulation to provide a transparent veneer. A National Science Foundation, CISE/ACIR Career Award key goal is to use the simulator to automatically produce exercise "injects" that prompt players to react to simulated Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory events. Machines with deep memories now dominate supercomputing and provide most enterprise-level computing, making the successful development of a general-purpose approach to such platforms imperative. Researchers are developing a high-performance infrastructure for these systems through the construction of four key components: a virtual machine that abstracts
* Denotes principal investigator.
69 Modeling and Analysis for Network Security VLSI Test Assessment J. Patel,* A. Pandey D. M. Nicol* Semiconductor Research Corp. [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency The cost of test application of a single chip grows as a Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory function of the number of clock cycles and/or number of We are developing simulation-based tools and technology storage bits required to test a chip. As a result, test to help a network analyst assess the impact of hypothetical application time and test data volume have become serious attacks in a network, the effectiveness of defenses and problems in testing of system-on-chip designs. In this countermeasures, and the quantified ability to continue research, new scan and BIST organizations are being operations in the face of a network attack. The result of our devised that reduce not just data volume but also test time work will better enable network administrators and and associated hardware. Hybrid DFT techniques that designers to protect their systems, and to quantify the cost, combine BIST with deterministic scan vectors are also risk, and functionality tradeoffs inherent in network being investigated. defense. CT-CS: Trustworth Cyber Infrastructure for the Survivable Trust for Critical Infrastructure Power Grid D. M. Nicol* W. H. Sanders,* D. E. Bakken, A. Bose, R. Campbell, [email protected] T. Courtney, G. Gross, C. A. Gunter, C. Hauser, National Science Foundation H. Khurana, R. K. Iyer, Z. T. Kalbarczyk, K. Nahrstedt, D. M. Nicol, T. J. Overbye, P. W. Sauer, S. W. Smith, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory R. J. Thomas, V. Welch, M. Winslett, R. Zimmerman We are exploring the design of a distributed trust backbone, National Science Foundation, #CNS-0524695 based on computational nodes that provide hardened The Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the Power Grid attestation for their hardware and software identities, (TCIP) NSF Cyber Trust Center was created to address the organized as a peer-to-peer network. We are focusing on challenge of how to protect the nation’s power grid. It will application of this technology to security applications in IT significantly improve the way the power grid cyber management of critical infrastructure systems, such as infrastructure is built, making it more secure, reliable, and SCADA. safe. TCIP is working to provide the fundamental science Measurement of Transient Errors in Microprocessors and technology needed to create an intelligent, adaptive J. Patel,* K. Wells, H. Kommaraju power grid that can survive malicious adversaries, provide Jet Propulsion Laboratory continuous delivery of power, and support dynamically Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory varying trust requirements. We will do so by creating the necessary cyber building blocks and architecture, and by This research addresses the measurement of error rates in creating validation technology to quantify the amount of commercial microprocessors. Microprocessors are core trust provided by the proposed approach. computing engines in the NASA Remote Exploration and Experimentation Project (REE). One serious problem is Designing Protection and Adaption into a Survivability single-event upsets due to high intensity radiation in outer Architecture: Demonstration and Validation (DPASA- space. Knowledge of these error rates is essential in the DV) design of the highly fault-tolerant REE computing systems. W. H. Sanders,* A. Agbaria, T. Courtney, M. Ihde, The measurement of these error rates is the focus of the M. Seri, S. Singh, F. Stevens proposed research. The research will generate software Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency project tools that are capable of measuring and characterizing any F30602-02-C-0134, subcontracted from BBN errors in microprocessors. Technologies The goal of this project is to develop a survivability architecture and implementation for a large, distributed publish and subscribe system and then to verify that the architecture and implementation enable the system to withstand attacks from a knowledgeable and sophisticated
* Denotes principal investigator.
70 adversary for a significant period of time. The architecture, U.S.-Germany Cooperative Research: Analysis of implementation, and survivability validation methodology Multi-Paradigm Möbius Models Using Kronecker- we are producing will set a new standard for design Based Techniques methodologies and integrated technologies that ensure W. H. Sanders,* P. Kemper continuous performance of mission-critical, network- National Science Foundation, #INT-0233490 centric systems defended against skilled adversaries. This collaborative proposal between the University of ITR: Experimental Validation of Large-Scale Illinois and Dortmund University is working to make Networked Software Systems possible the use of Kronecker representations and analysis W. H. Sanders,* R. Barnes, C. Basile, B. Brothers, methods within the Möbius framework. P. Cerny, S. Chen, M. Conte, T. Courtney, M. Cukier, Efficient Algorithms for Temporal Planning under D. Daly, L. de Moura, S. Derisavi, M. Hamman, Nonlinear Constraints G. Hamon, W.-M. Hwu, R. K. Iyer, K. R. Joshi, B. W. Wah,* C.-W. Hsu, F. Li, M. Qian Z. Kalbarczyk, H. S. Kim, T. H. Kim, V. V. Lam, [email protected] R. M. Lefever, Z. Liu, S. Lumetta, J. Matarazzo, National Science Foundation, NSF 03-12084 J. Rushby, J. Sias, M. Sorea, A. Tiwari, Z. Yang, J. Zymla Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation, #0086096 This research involves the development of formal This research is developing the theory, methodology, and mathematical conditions for reducing the search space of tools necessary to experimentally validate the planning problems and the demonstration of performance dependability, performance, and survivability of large- improvements in search engines of planner and other scale networked software systems. The intention is to discrete searches. By formulating temporal planning develop a comprehensive framework for validating (via problems as dynamic optimization problems with dynamic experimental and model-based methods) large-scale variables that evolve over time, this research finds new networked software systems. Taken as a whole, this work node-dominance conditions by developing the necessary will provide a sound and fundamental approach to and sufficient conditions for local optimality. By validation of networked software and applications. partitioning the search into stages and by finding only dominating states in each stage using the conditions NGS: A Compiler-Enabled Model- and Measurement- developed, the search for feasible or optimal plans can be Driven Adaptation Environment for Dependability and restricted to a much smaller subspace in each stage. Performance W. H. Sanders,* V. S. Adve, M. Hiltunen, R. K. Iyer, Loss Concealment for Real-Time Multimedia over IP R. L. Plante, R. D. Schlichting Networks National Science Foundation, CNS-0406351 B. W. Wah,* D. Lin, X., Su, H. Yu [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Motorola Communication Center Next-generation parallel and distributed computing must Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory be dependable and have predictable performance in order to meet the requirements of increasingly complex scientific This research entails the design of effective multiple- and commercial applications. This research will result in description coding (MDC) algorithms at senders of IP the production and distribution of a practical, integrated networks, like the Internet, that take into account the compiler and middleware system that uses online models reconstruction method used at receivers for concealing lost and measurement techniques to achieve performance and packets, in order to deliver audio and video data packets dependability in a scalable manner under a wide variety of over these networks in real time with high quality (both changing conditions. The techniques we develop could subjectively as well as objectively). Loss concealment of ultimately impact many diverse and critical applications, compressed multimedia data is essential because many including those in the electric power distribution, coding algorithms remove temporal differences in order to aerospace, healthcare, and financial services sectors. achieve high coding efficiency, thereby introducing a pervasive dependency structure into the bit stream. As a result, losses due to dropped packets or late arrivals will result in the loss of subsequent dependent frames, leading to audio or visual artifacts that can be long lasting and
* Denotes principal investigator.
71 annoying. We have chosen MDC because it is effective for to recover lost data, the results developed can be applied concealing losses in transmissions without explicit to emerging multimedia-ready 3G and 4G cellular redundancy control and for networks without priority networks. transmissions. Empirical tests on the Internet show that Development of Concept Inventories for Computer packet losses are bursty with small burst lengths. Statistics Science also shows that two descriptions in MDC are adequate in C. Zilles,* C. Heeren,* K. Goldman,* L. Kaczmarczyk,* most situations, whereas four descriptions will allow us to M. Loui,* J. Longino control unrecoverable losses under 8% in the worst site National Science Foundation, DUE-0618589 measured. Our research results in efficient MDC algorithms that are input independent, without requiring Conducted in the Department of Computer Science and in run-time adaptation of the algorithms to new inputs. the Coordinated Science Laboratory Stochastic Anytime Search with Applications in We are developing concept inventories for three Autonomous Planning and Scheduling introductory computer science subjects: discrete B. W. Wah,* Y. Chen, M. Richards mathematics, digital logic, and programming [email protected] fundamentals. Modeled after the successful Force Concept National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Inventory that was developed to assess student learning of NCC2-1230 Newtonian physics, our concept inventories will test understanding of key computer science concepts in a Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory manner that enables reliable comparisons between courses This research entails the development of a theory and its at different universities. We created a prototype concept associated derivative-free search algorithms in order to inventory for digital logic. We tested the prototype in two solve constrained nonlinear programming problems different courses, and we found that students had the most (NSPs) with discrete, continuous, or mixed-integer difficulty with concepts involving abstraction and with variables. Our secondary goal is to apply the algorithms transferring concepts to different contexts. developed in autonomous control and planning in NASA Student Misconceptions in an Introductory Digital applications. The research characterizes constrained local Logic Design Course minima in NLPs by necessary and sufficient conditions on C. Zilles,* J. Longino, M. Loui points in the unconstrained penalty function, develops University of Illinois stochastic anytime search algorithms that generate solutions of improved quality when given more time and Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and in computational resources, and applies the search algorithms the Department of Computer Science to solve problems in autonomous control and planning. We are developing a concept inventory in digital logic Streaming Audio and Video Data with design. We interviewed students who had taken an Transformation-Based Error Concealment introductory digital logic course to determine common B. W. Wah,* B. Sat, H. Yu student misconceptions. Based on the interviews, we [email protected] developed and administered a prototype assessment tool. Motorola Center for Communications, University of Illinois Remote Sensing Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Holographic Velocimetry This research is on the design of protocols and coding R. J. Adrian* (Mech. Sci. & Engr.); G. Papen, methods for the concealment of errors that occur during D. Barnhart; T. J. Hanratty (Chem. Engr.) real-time transmissions of audio and video data over U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-90-J-1415; U.S. unreliable IP networks, such as the Internet and wireless Department of Energy, DE-FG05-87ER75508; Argonne networks. Since video and audio transmissions may National Laboratory, ANL 828-62403 tolerate some degree of loss, this research analyzes schemes that involve trade-offs in their real-time Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory requirements and tolerance to loss. By studying proper One of the goals of experimental fluid flow is to verify large coding of transmitted data, protocols to schedule computational models. This requires the remote transmissions and feedbacks, and reconstruction schemes measurement of the 3-D velocity vector within a flow. This
* Denotes principal investigator.
72 project uses twin frequency-doubled YAG lasers to record imaging spectrometer, and a CCD all-sky airglow camera. two holograms of the fluid flow at two instants in time. The Scientific objectives include the study of momentum and complete velocity field is then reconstructed by performing energy flux carried by propagating waves, chemistry 3-D correlations of tracer particles within single volume associated with thin sporadic E and metal layers, and elements (typically 1 mm3). particle energy flux and beam characteristic energy of precipitating auroral particle beams. Image processing of Advanced Solid-State Lidar for the Scott-Admundsen 2-D spectrograms and 2-D images of atmospheric South Pole Station observations is a major activity with this program. G. C. Papen,* C. S. Gardner* National Science Foundation, OPP 92-19898 DPP Imaging Studies of Mesospheric Gravity Waves G. R. Swenson,* A. Liu Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation, ATM 00-03180 Current models of ozone depletion over the Antarctic Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory predict that some of the major chemical mechanisms occur on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). In Small-scale waves propagate from the lower atmospheric addition, the energy-coupling mechanisms from the lower convection and mountain driven sources to the upper to the upper atmosphere over the Antarctic are not well atmosphere. Existing chemiluminescence produces understood. Researchers are deploying an advanced lidar airglows, which are perturbed by the waves. Airglow system at the South Pole that is capable of measuring imagers observe the perturbations and the horizontal characteristics of the morphology of the PSCs. They will wavelength, and amplitude of the waves are measured. The also measure upper atmospheric wave activity using Na as waves carry momentum and energy, which can interact a tracer. with the large-scale dynamics to cause major dynamic effects. Observations have been made at Albuquerque, Testing of Parallel Optical Fiber Links New Mexico, and currently at Maui, Hawaii, where the G. C. Papen University of Illinois lidar makes complementary National Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166 measurements. Signal processing is accomplished to Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory extract the intrinsic wave parameters and power and spectral characteristics of the horizontal wave structure. Advanced optical interconnections based on parallel space division multiplexing using a fiber ribbon or wavelength Technology Development for the MIDEX WAVES division multiplexing using multiple wavelengths within a Satellite single fiber require new techniques to measure and model G. R. Swenson,* C. S. Gardner performance. These techniques are being developed National Aeronautics and Space Administration, because the aggregate data rates through these parallel NAG5-8569 spaces exceed 15 Gbits/s. Researchers are developing Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory testing methodologies and equipment to test and model the performance of these high-speed data links. This program involves the development of technologies associated with a multiple sensor remote sensing satellite High Latitude Mesospheric Dynamic and Chemistry designed to measure small-scale waves in the middle and Studies upper atmosphere. These studies include specifically the G. R. Swenson,* A. Liu demonstration of infrared sensor array technology. Array National Science Foundation, ATM 99-0859 sensors are planned for 1.26 and 1.45 microns that can be Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory operated at elevated temperatures (160 K) but retain low noise attributes. This technology allows passive radiators Studies of atmospheric gravity waves in the mesosphere rather than active refrigeration, enabling the sensors to and aurora will be performed with imaging and operate with low power at a reliable, long lifetime on a spectroscopy instrumentation at the NSF backscatter radar small satellite. Other technologies include the development facility in Sondrestrom, Greenland. The measurement of remote sensing signatures from optical emissions as studies will be complemented by radar measurements as indicators of atmospheric dynamics for both the well as an all-sky imagery measurement provided by stratosphere and mesosphere. Instrumentation includes established instrumentation at the site. University of both nadir and limb imagers and spectrometers as well as Illinois instrumentation includes a 4-channel photometer a Michelson interferometer to measure Doppler winds. directed along the magnetic meridian, a CCD transmission
* Denotes principal investigator.
73 peak power, are determined by the capabilities of the test Semiconductor Lasers receiver and the design of the EOSS+ unit itself. The purpose of this program is to provide for the fabrication of 1065 and 1040 nm DBR Laser Diodes a custom-built diode grown from a novel substrate J. J. Coleman* designed to meet specification. HRL Laboratories High Brightness Laser Diodes Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory J. J. Coleman* Narrow linewidth, tunable semiconductor lasers are of Nuvonyx, Inc. interest to a variety of applications, including fiber optic Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory communication systems, optical generation of microwave radiation, remote optical sensing, and molecular The objective of this program is to address several issues spectroscopy. Various configurations of tunable lasers related to the MOCVD growth and characterization of have been analyzed, and a two- or three-section distributed InGaAs-GaAs strained layer lasers in the range of 920 nm feedback (DFB) or distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser to 1080 nm for high brightness applications. This approach is often the choice. The goal of these programs is to develop will be to develop a real index guided laser with integrated narrow linewidth, single longitudinal mode, strained layer beam expanders and other active and passive optics formed InGaAs DBR laser diodes operating near 1065 and 1040 by selective area epitaxy. Present narrow stripe nm for remote sensing applications. semiconductor lasers are generally limited to less than 200 mW of fundamental mode output power, because of the Development of Advanced Laser Diode Sources for narrow aperture. If the beam can be expanded while Remote-Sensing Applications retaining fundamental mode operation, then the operating J. J. Coleman,* G. C. Papen* power can be correspondingly increased. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG 1-1861 Narrow Linewidth, Multiple Wavelength, Simultaneous-Emission Laser Diodes for Remote Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Optical Sensing and Other Applications Several outstanding technical issues for narrowband J. J. Coleman* systems, such as water vapor DIAL lidars, must be resolved National Science Foundation, ECS 9900258 before solid-state, laser-based remote-sensing systems Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory have widespread use. One issue is the development of cw local oscillators (LOs) based on semiconductor laser diode The proposal describes a program to develop technology for use as injection seeders, which has not been multiwavelength, simultaneous-emission lasers based on a fully realized because of the severe linewidth, tunability, ridge-waveguide distributed Bragg reflector and stability requirements of narrowband systems. This semiconductor laser. The specific example of an project will develop novel semiconductor devices application that defines the need of such lasers is the specifically for use as tunable LO sources for narrowband differential absorption, remote optical sensing of water water vapor DIAL systems operating in the 940 nm region. vapor. A multiwavelength source with closely spaced Researchers will focus on a novel ridge-waveguide, narrow laser lines would be useful to obtain the detailed distributed-Bragg-reflector laser, which has significant absorption profile without having to turn the laser on and performance improvements for optical remote-sensing off the absorption peak as is practiced currently. This applications relative to conventional Fabry-Perot or program is designed to study and develop a simple multiple distributed-feedback lasers. wavelength source suitable for these kinds of applications. EOSS+ Laser Diode Substrate Semiconductor Laser Transmitters for Integrated J. J. Coleman* Optical Interconnects Northrop Grumman Corp. J. J. Coleman* National Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The electro-optic test station known as the EOSS+ is designed to support the testing of laser platforms at 1.064 This program involves development of semiconductor mm through the use of a laser diode source. The lasers suitable for use in integrated optoelectronics. There characteristics of this diode, such as center wavelength and are a number of key technical issues to be addressed in this
* Denotes principal investigator.
74 program, including the development of etched facet Heterojunctions, Transport, Ion Implantation, and structures, distributed feedback and distributed Bragg Defects in III-V Semiconductors reflector grating structures, monolithic space division K. Hess,* S. Barraza-Lopez, S. Rotkin, Y. Li, W. Philipp multiplexing arrays designed for fiber coupling, selective [email protected] epitaxy for wavelength division multiplexing arrays and U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-89-J-1470 for multielement integration, master oscillator-power Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory amplifier (MOPA) configurations, frequency stabilization, and distributed Bragg pulse shaper high-speed parallel-to- The nanostructure related research is focused on electronic serial packet encoders. properties of carbon nanotubes. We are particularly interested in metal-semiconductor transitions of these Naturally Nanostructured Epitaxial Semiconductors tubes due to a perturbation of the symmetry. We have J. M. Gibson,* D. G. Cahill, J. E. Greene, shown that this transition can give rise to transistor function A. M. Zangwill, J. J. Coleman (a metallic field effect transistor). Work on topics in National Science Foundation, DMR 9705440 quantum information, particularly the Theorem of Bell, is Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory also in progress. This FRG/GOALI proposal addresses basic materials High Field Transport of Free Carriers at Interfaces science and engineering issues in a collaborative program K. Hess,* F. Register between the University of Illinois and Hewlett-Packard [email protected] Laboratories to understand fundamental phenomena and U.S. Army Research Office, DAAL03-86-K-0099 interactions associated with naturally nanostructured Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory epitaxial semiconductors. Goals of the project are to obtain semiconductor epitaxial nanostructures smaller than In this research, we are studying the ultimate limitations of feasible via lithography and to examine their applications electronic transport in silicon and III-V compounds, to novel devices. Strain-induced self-organization and including superlattices and the corresponding potential for kinetically driven pattern formation are two approaches new devices, as well as the advantages of including being taken to achieve naturally nanostructured materials. heterolayers in conventional devices. The theoretical approach includes Monte Carlo simulations and explicit solutions of the Boltzmann equation. We are also Semiconductor Physics developing a new algorithm to solve problems of quantum transport. Concurrent Electro-Thermal Modeling of Ultra-Scaled MOS Technologies Network of Computational Nanotechnology Z. Aksamija, U. Ravaioli* K. Hess,* S. Hu, S. Barraza-Lopez, S. Rotkin [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, SBC PU 501-1045-01 National Science Foundation, CCR-01-21616 This is an interdisciplinary collaborative project with Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University. The goals and Technology are to couple Monte Carlo device simulation of nanoscale This work is part of a Multi-University National Science devices with detailed phonon transport simulation, to Foundation Center. The main goal of our work is the understand thermal effects in ultrascaled integrated simulation of tubular nanostructures. We investigate both devices, and to formulate device design strategies to nanostructures of biology, such as biological ion channels, minimize heat generation. as well as nanostructures related to solid state electronics, such as carbon nanotubes. The tools of the investigation are based on and developed by methods of computational electronics (e.g. Monte Carlo simulations).
* Denotes principal investigator.
75 3-D Self-Consistent Simulation of Quantum Dot Spin Interactive Tools for Nanotechnology Education Transistors of Quantum Information Processing U. Ravaioli,* R. Braatz,* H.-S. Hahm J. P. Leburton,* M. Lu [email protected] [email protected] NSF National Science Center for Learning and Teaching Semiconductor Research Corporation, 2003-NJ-1045 Nanoscale Science and Engineering Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science This project involves a multidisciplinary, multi-university and Technology team involving Northwestern University (lead institution), University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Illinois at This research concentrates on developing 3-D self- Urbana-Champaign, Purdue University, and University of consistent computer tools for realistic simulation of spin Michigan. One of the goals is to pursue research in operation in silicon quantum dot spin effects transistors in education addressing the introduction of nanotechnology order to assess their feasibility and viability for concepts at various school levels, from middle school to applications in quantum information processing. We undergraduate programs. Our group is developing consider Si FET-device configurations similar to Kane's interactive simulation and visualization tools to explore proposal to achieve a C-NOT gate. Our purpose is to obtain new ways to introduce advanced concepts in the curricula. a coherent 3-D picture of the interdependence among physical parameters and device considerations for spin- Simulation of Charge Transport in Ionic Channels qubit operations, and to provide design rules for optimizing U. Ravaioli,* T. A. Van der Straaten, G. A. Kathawala, the device. Y. Li [email protected] Scalable Spin-Qubit Circuits with Quantum Dots NSF Network for Computational Nanotechnology J. P. Leburton,* D. Melnikov, J. Kim, L. Zhang [email protected] The well developed tools of computational electronics Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, QuIST have been adapted to simulate ion transport in biological program, DAAD19-01-1-0659 channels, treated as nanoscale natural devices. Continuum (drift-diffusion) and particle (Trasport Monte Carlo) Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science simulation approaches have been developed where and Technology interaction with the aqueous environment is resolved in This research is aimed at achieving a scalable elementary terms of mobility or scattering rate. The goal of this work spin-qubit circuit for quantum computing that is based on is to provide a scalable input-output description of natural the manipulation of electron spins in coupled III-V nanopores for uses in bioelectronic sensor design. semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). We take advantage of Artificial or biomimetic nanopores are also investigated the advanced technology for planar and lateral QDs with similar simulation tools, for the design of artificial AlGAs/GaAs heterostructures and the fact that the electron membranes incorporating features of biological ones. effective mass is small, which eases the conditions for Simulation of Electro-Thermal Processes in MEMS quantum confinement. Moreover, III-V materials enjoy and NEMS Structures long spin coherence times, which is of utmost importance U. Ravaioli,* P. Martin, Z. Aksamija for preserving quantum information over many qubit [email protected] operations. For this purpose, we have assembled an DARPA IMPACT Center for Advancement of MEMS/ international research team involving the University of NEMS VLSI Basel, the University of Delft, Harvard University, Princeton University, and Tokyo University. Team Micro- and Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems have members have complementary expertise in the physics of reliability problems that are not easily addressed by trial- quantum computation and spintronics in nanostructures. and-error experimental procedures. An attractive These areas of expertise are fully integrated into a coherent alternative is to develop multiscale multiphysics models to and interactive effort, leading to the realization of an simulate and optimize structures but this is a very elementary qubit circuit. challenging multidisciplinary effort. In this project, we study the coupling between thermal and electrical processes to capture some of the essential failure mechanisms in MEMS/NEMS and consider the heterogeneous system, including metals, oxide, and semiconductor materials.
* Denotes principal investigator.
76 Simulation of Nanoscale Biological and Biomimetic Systems Semiconductors U. Ravaioli,* R. Toghraee Ge-Sb-Te Phase Change Materials: Optical and [email protected] Electronic Properties, Structural Transformations, NIH Nanomedicine Center for the Design of Biomimetic and Fabrication of Nanostructures Nanoconductors S. G. Bishop,* B.-S. Lee, J. R. Abelson Simulation of ion charge transport in membranes is studied [email protected] using various engineering simulation approaches, National Science Foundation, DMR-0412939 including continuum and particle models, to develop Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory design methodologies for nanoscale systems. Physical approaches like classical and quantum molecular dynamics The properties of Ge-Sb-Te alloys and the rapid are relied on to provide first-principle calibration of amorphous-crystalline phase change that they exhibit are transport parameter for the engineering reduced order being investigated using ellipsometry, optical absorption models. The goal of this multidisciplinary project is to and reflection spectroscopy, photoconductivity, create a software infrastructure to support the future design photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, Hall effect, of biomimetic components for a variety of applications in high resolution TEM, and fluctuation electron microscopy. nanomedicine, including implantable self-sustaining Specific problems include: optical, electronic, and power sources and artificial organs. structural characterization of sputtered thin films of the materials; the effects of composition, conditions of The Science and Technology of Nano/Molecular synthesis, thermal annealing, and optical or e-beam Electronics: Theory, Simulation, and Experimental irradiation on their properties; detection and Characterization characterization of nano-crystallites in the amorphous U. Ravaioli,* R. Ravishankar, Z. Yang phase and their role in the phase change mechanism; and [email protected] the spatial limits/resolution of the phase change, aimed at Defense University Research Initiative on fabricating quantum structures. Nanotechnology, U.S. Army Research Office, SIT 527826-08 Photoluminescence Studies of Semiconductor Nanostructures and Rare Earth-Doped Semiconductor Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Materials and Technology S. G. Bishop,* I. Adesida, J. J. Coleman This project is part of a DURINT multi-university effort, University of Illinois with Stevens Institute of Technology as lead institution. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The specific goals of this subcontract are to develop nanelectronics simulation tools to understand the ultimate This research program applies photoluminescence (PL), limits of silicon technology and explore new device photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, time resolved concepts based on quantum effects. The emphasis of the PL, and PL imaging to the characterization of defects and work is on 3-D simulation and high performance parallel impurities in bulk and epitaxial semiconductor materials, computing, using nonequilibrium Green's function and and the composition, doping, thickness, interfaces, Monte Carlo simulation approaches. uniformity, and quantum confinement effects in semiconductor nanostructures. Rare earth-doped semiconducting glasses and rare earth implanted GaN are being developed as sources of near- and mid-IR radiation. Excitation of the intra-4f shell emission from rare earth dopants (e.g. Er3+, Pr3+, Dy3+) in chalcogenide glasses by broad band optical absorption in the Urbach edge of the host glass is under investigation as a novel optical pumping mechanism.
* Denotes principal investigator.
77 High Quantum Efficiency Infrared Photodetector GaAs-based Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structures Arrays Based on Nanowire Heterostructures K -Y. Cheng,* K. C. Hsieh* Y. C. Chang* (Physics), K.-Y. Cheng,* K. C. Hsieh* [email protected] [email protected] Agere Systems National Reconnaissance Office, NRC000-05-C-0023 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The goal of this research program is to develop oxide The goal of this project is to developed high quantum- deposition techniques for the fabrication of GaAs-based efficiency, high color-contrast multi-wavelength quantum metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors wire infrared photodetector (QWRIP) arrays. The QWRIP (MOSFETs). Various oxides, including SiO2, Al2O3, uses a self-assembly approach to create high-density Ga2O3, and Gd3Ga5O12 are deposited on GaAs in an nanoscale quantum wire structures that provide the basis ultrahigh vacuum system at Bell Laboratories to form MOS for high quantum efficiency infrared detection. The structures. Researchers will characterize their structural, QWRIP combines the best features of the quantum well optical, and chemical properties through transmission infrared photodetector (QWIP) and quantum dot infrared electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, photodetector (QDIP) to offer normal incidence and Auger electron spectroscopy, respectively, to improve absorption, high quantum efficiency, and adjustable the oxide deposition process. infrared absorption from 8 to 40 μm. Unique polarization sensitive absorption properties of quantum wires enable Ultra-High-Speed Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors two distinct quantum wire infrared detection layers (or a K.-Y. Cheng* quantum wire layer and a quantum well layer) with [email protected] different spectral responses to be monolithically integrated Semiconductor Research Corporation, SRC-2001-NJ-946 without interference, yielding excellent color contrast. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Center of Hyper-Uniform Nanophotonic Technologies The goal of this research is to develop viable techniques for Ultra-Fast Optoelectronic Systems (HUNT Center) that allow demonstration of Inp-based HBTs with K.-Y. Cheng,* M. Feng,* N. Holonyak, Jr.,* fT>400GHz for insertion into the ultra-high-speed (>100 K. C. Hsieh, R. D. Dupuis* (Georgia Tech Univ.), GHz) circuits. V. Narayanamurti* (Harvard Univ.), W. I. Wang* (Columbia Univ.) VCSEL and Smart Pixel Research for VLSI Photonic [email protected] Systems Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, University K.-Y. Cheng,* N. Holonyak, Jr.,* M. Feng,* Photonics Research Centers Program, K. C. Hsieh* HR0011-04-1-0034 [email protected] Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory DAAG55-98-1-0303 The mission of the HUNT Center (Center of Hyper- Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Uniform Nanophotonic Technologies for Ultra-Fast Optoelectronic Systems) is the development of critical The purpose of this research is to develop technology technologies, including hyper-uniform nano-photonic related to VLSI photonic systems. The scope of the fabrication, high performance quantum dot vertical-cavity program ranges from basic materials research, to the surface-emitting lasers, and ultra-fast light-emitting fabrication of large-scale integrated circuits, to advanced transistor-based lasers for the realization of ultra-fast technologies for the integration of systems in (≥100Gb/s) optoelectronic interconnect systems. Center heterogeneous materials. Goals of the project include the programs encompass semiconductor nanoscale materials design, growth, fabrication, and testing of III-V growth, nano-patterning, nanoscale material analysis, semiconductor vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers; the nanostructure laser device design and fabrication, optical development of smart pixels, circuits for the detection of receiver design and fabrication, as well as high-speed optical signals, intelligent routing of the information, and optoelectronics integrated heterogeneously on a common re-emission of optical signals; and the development of semiconductor platform to perform ultra-fast optical techniques for the integration of heterogeneous materials. interface functions.
* Denotes principal investigator.
78 Materials Research for High-Performance adhesion properties, and so forth. The long-term goals will Optoelectronic Devices Employing III-V Compound include developing chip-scale photonic/electronic Semiconductor Native Oxide Layers integration methodologies for high-density 3-D N. Holonyak, Jr.* architectures. National Science Foundation, DMR-9612283 ITR/SY: Foundations of Solid-State Quantum Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Information Processing P. G. Kwiat,* A. J. Leggett, M. B. Salamon, J. R. Tucker, The primary thrust of this program is the growth and D. Van Harlingen characterization of heteroepitaxial materials employing National Science Foundation, EIA-01-21568 quantum wells, quantum dots, layer disordering, and native oxide device definition, e.g. buried apertures. This work is The core of this program is an exploration of three distinct focused on the development of better lasers, LEDs, and but related solid state technologies as candidates for transistor lasers. quantum information processing: single spins on individual P-donors in silicon, ferromagnetic particles in Surface Engineering for Compliant Epitaxy close proximity to a superconductor, and superconductor K. C. Hsieh,* K.-Y. Cheng,* I. Adesida phase electronics based on Josephson tunneling and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, SQUIDs. Supporting this effort will be a theory component F49620-98-1-0496 that addresses key issues concerning the evolution and Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory monitoring of quantum-entangled states and an The goal of this research is to realize dislocation-free and experimental study of qubit dynamics using the highly stress-relaxed lattice mismatched epitaxy growth of developed techniques of modern quantum optics. different compound semiconductors on various substrates Biologically Inspired Artificial Haircell Sensors across the whole wafer or on selected areas for device C. Liu,* D. L. Jones, F. Delcomyn integration applications. Our immediate goals include U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, fundamental understanding of the growth conditions F49620-01-1-0496 related to the formation of strained-modulated and defect- Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory absorbing templates and the development of techniques to fully control the formation of strain-absorbing and This work is aimed at developing artificial haircell sensors deformable growth templates with an emphasis on that are inspired by biological haircell sensors. This work processing simplicity and system integrability. InP-based is focused on studying the fundamental principles of optoelectronic and microwave devices will be integrated neurological responses of haircells to develop selectively on surface-engineered GaAs substrates. micromachined devices that mimic the performance of biological entities. Wafer Bonding for Advanced Optoelectronic Devices K. C. Hsieh,* K.-Y. Cheng CAD Design Tools for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MDA Communication Microsystems 972-00-1-0020 C. Liu,* M. Feng, S. M. Kang, E. Michielssen, J. Schutt-Ainé Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Composite- The goal of this research is to develop wafer-bonding CAD Program, F30602-97-0328 technologies for hybrid integrating mismatched device Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory structures for advanced optoelectronic integrated circuits. The potential applications include fabricating high- A mixed technology computer-aided design system is performance visible LEDs, vertical-cavity-surface- being developed for the cost effective design of wireless emitting lasers, resonant-cavity photodetectors, 2-D and 3- communication modules that will ultimately enable D photonic crystals, and high-performance semi-insulating networked distributed MEMS. The module, operating at wafer substrates. Our current efforts are focused on millimeter-wave frequencies, will allow direct interface developing high-efficient wafer-bonding strategy and between MEMS transducers and the free-space fundamental understanding of the hybrid interface electromagnetic radiation. MEMS components offer properties, including interface microstructures, electrical unique advantages for RF circuits. As an example, and optical characteristics, interface strain/stress and micromechanical switches exhibit lower insertion loss and
* Denotes principal investigator.
79 higher isolation compared with conventional electronics developing artificial lateral line sensors for autonomous switching components. MEMS fabrication technology for underwater vehicles (AUV) that are useful for underwater silicon and composed semiconductor materials is being exploration, warfare, and security. The lateral line sensor studied in order to realize mechanical RF switches as well is a basic flow sensor for nearly all species of fish and many as high-gain antennas to validate results of the E-M amphibian animals. We will develop micromachined simulation. underwater flow sensors with artificial haircells, shear stress sensors based on thermal transfer, and pressure Efficient Computational Prototyping of Mixed sensors. Such sensors will be developed on a flexible Technology Microfluidic Components and Systems substrate suitable for underwater applications. C. Liu* Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Integrated Sensitive Skin with Advanced Data Architecture Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory C. Liu,* N. Shanbhag, D. L. Jones The objective is to develop microfluid components National Science Foundation, IIS 00-80639 (including pumps and valves), materials (including Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory polymeric MEMS and biodegradable materials), and applications (including drug delivery systems). Microfluid An interdisciplinary team of researchers will develop circuits are on the scale of micrometer to millimeter; they microfabricated, multiple modality sensor skin with are used to transport biological and chemical materials. advanced data structure and signal processing algorithms. A flexible sensor skin that imitates biological tactile Integrated Biomimetic Sensors Using Artificial Hair sensors faces important challenges in terms of Cells microfabrication, materials, density of sensors, and C. Liu,* F. Delcomyn accompanying circuits. Prof. Liu and students will develop National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG advanced multimodal sensors with self-configuration 5-8781 capabilities. Prof. Shanbhag is developing energy efficient Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory signal processors, while Prof. Jones is interested in The main focus of this work is to develop prototype developing signal processing algorithms that are micromachined artificial haircell (AHC) sensors that can biologically inspired. be used as modular building blocks for a variety of sensors Mechanically Conformal and Electronically for sensing acceleration, flow rate, and tactile information. Reconfigurable Aperture (RECAP) Using Low- Integrated Capillary Microelectrode Arrays for Voltage MEMS and Flexible Membrane for Space- Studies of Olfactory Response Patterns in the Insect based Radar Applications Brain C. Liu* C. Liu* Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Controlled Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Biological Systems Program The objective is to develop micromachined antennas with Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory reconfigurible wavelength and directionality using This project aims to develop the first arrayed capillary micromachined switches. We are currently developing microelectrodes using integrated microfabrication micromachining processes based on polymeric materials technology and to demonstrate the enhanced capabilities to realize three-dimensional RF MEMS. for monitoring neurological behavior of insect olfactory CAREER: Biologically-Inspired Integrated Sensors systems. for Robotics Applications Integrated Sensing: Biomimetic Sensors for C. Liu* Autonomous Underwater Vehicles National Science Foundation, IIS 99-84954 CAR C. Liu,* G. Karniadakis, C. Chryssostomidis Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory National Science Foundation, ECS 02-25S19 This CAREER award is aimed at imitating biological Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory haircell sensors that are widely used in the biological A team of researchers from the University of Illinois and world. The research is focused on developing the MIT Ocean Engineering Department join efforts in * Denotes principal investigator.
80 micromachined artificial haircell sensors for flow sensor Controlled Coupling of Donor Atom Wavefunctions in applications. Silicon J. Tucker,* J. Kline, S. Robinson, Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) T. C. Shen (Utah State Univ.) C. Liu* [email protected] National Science Foundation, IIS 99-84954 REU U.S. Army Research Office, DAAD 19-00-1-0407 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The goal of this project is to selectively place PH3 This grant provides undergraduate students with molecules onto the hydrogen-terminated silicon surface opportunities to conduct advanced research projects in C. via STM lithography and overgrow them into the crystal Liu's research group. as phosphorous donors. If successful, this work could Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC): provide a means for constructing quantum computers Center for Integrated Nanopatterning and Detection based on control of ground-state wavefunctions on Technologies individual P-atom donors. Other potential applications C. Mirkin (Northwestern Univ.), C. Liu, S. Sligar, include single-charge electronics, cellular automata, and G. Shartz, M. Ratman, M. Hersam, and others nanometer-scale field-effect transistors. Reproducible National Science Foundation, SBC NW 0830-520-N602 characteristics are made possible by the large ~5nm Bohr diameter for individual donor bound states, so that Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory coupling between nearest neighbors will be defined This is an NSEC center project in which more than 20 accurately if redistribution is limited to ~1nm or less during faculty members located at Northwestern University, the ultra-low-temperature overgrowth. University of Illinois, the University of Chicago, and others Wavefunction Engineering of Individual Donors for Si- are participating. The central objective of this center is to Based Quantum Computers develop integrated nanopatterning technologies. The J. Tucker,* M. Feng, Y. C. Chang, major thrusts in this project are nanopatterning techniques, T. C. Shen (Utah State Univ.), R. R. Du (Univ. of Utah) optical chemical sensors, and microfluid platforms for U.S. Army Research Office, 42257-PH-QC biological detection. The C. Liu group works in the first and third areas. The goal of this multi-investigator program is to develop the basic fabrication and measurement technologies Parallel, Ultrafast Sub-100 Nanometer Dip-Pen needed to implement a silicon-based quantum computer. Nanolithography To do this, researchers must place individual phosphorous C. Mirkin, (Northwestern Univ.) C. Liu* donors into the silicon lattice with atomic precision, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Army NW establish electrical control over wavefunction overlap 0650-300F245 between donor-pairs, and successfully detect spin states of Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory the resulting two-electron system by measuring the presence or absence of electronically-induced polarization. The Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN) method is uniquely The research team does not propose working quantum capable of directly patterning chemicals onto substrates logic gates within this three-year project. If successful, with sub-100 nm spatial resolution. It is a powerful however, that goal will be undertaken in a follow-up technique for depositing materials for surface chemistry. program that incorporates SiGe overgrowth and patterning However, the DPN method typically relies on single probes of individual top-gates for each P-atom donor. and is serial in nature. In this work, we develop highly parallel arrayed DPN probes using micromachining techniques. Both passive and active probes are being developed. The active probes can be lifted individually. The actuation is based on thermal bimetallic bending or piezoelectric bending.
* Denotes principal investigator.
81 A Modern Autofocus Methodology with Applications Signal and Image Processing to Radar Imaging M. N. Do,* R. L. Morrison Directional Multiresolution Image Processing: Theory, [email protected] Algorithms, and Applications National Science Foundation M. N. Do,* Y. Lu, J. Zhou, A. Cunha [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation (CAREER Award) Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), geophysical and seismic Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory imaging, ultrasound imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and many forms of astronomical This project seeks to develop new "true" two-dimensional imaging are examples of coherent imaging systems. In representations that can deal more effectively with typical practice, due to imprecise knowledge of the motion of the images having smooth contours. The focus is on the sensor or due to signal propagation through a medium development of directional and multiresolution image having a spatially varying propagation velocity, the expansions using nonseparable filter banks, in much the produced imagery is improperly focused. This project same way that wavelets were constructed from filter banks. develops a modern autofocus methodology that provide a In essence, the proposed research pursues nonseparable systematic approach to the design of autofocus algorithms. extensions of wavelets and multiresolution techniques so Toward this end, a theoretical paradigm is devised for the that they can capture the directional information—an autofocus problem in which prior assumptions in the important and unique feature of multidimensional signals. problem statement are systematically utilized in producing In parallel, newly developed image representations will be efficient, high-quality image restorations. explored in a variety of applications, where substantial improvements over current methods are expected. Audiovisual Speech Recognition in Automotive Environment Practical Compressed Sensing M. Hasegawa-Johnson,* T. S. Huang, S. Levinson M. N. Do,* Y. Bresler [email protected] [email protected] Motorola, Inc. National Science Foundation Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Speech recognition in an automobile is typically performed A recent breakthrough in mathematics under the name using a single microphone, often mounted in the sun-visor compressed sensing shows that sparse or compressible in front of the driver. With typical road noise, most finite length discrete signals can be recovered from small recognizers generate too many errors for practical use. This number of linear, nonadaptive (i.e., universal), and random research project experiments with speech recognition measurements. This project aims to extend the current using multimodal recordings acquired by a visor-mounted methods in compressed sensing to other setups that have array including eight microphones and four cameras. We overwhelming practical significance. These extensions focus on accurate visual face tracking lip feature extraction include constrained acquisition, additional statistical prior and robust audio noise cancellation. Our goal is to on sparse signals, and infinite dimensional cases. The demonstrate that error rate of a multichannel audiovisual specific goals of this project are to: improve signal recognizer is much lower than error rate of a standard reconstruction quality; reduce number of measurements recognizer under automotive test conditions. required to achieve a specified reconstruction quality; speed up the reconstruction time; and demonstrate these Landmark-based Speech Recognition in Music and gains on real applications, and in particular in challenging Speech Backgrounds magnetic resonance imaging applications, including M. Hasegawa-Johnson* functional imaging of the human brain. [email protected] National Science Foundation, CISE 0132900 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Human listeners are able to recognize speech based on dynamic portions of the signal, even if all static portions
* Denotes principal investigator.
82 are masked by noise or by background music. This research Image and Video Databases seeks to develop mathematical models capable of T. S. Huang,* A. Velivelli, T. Chen, C. Dagli abstracting the perceptual response patterns of human [email protected] listeners. Probabilistic auditory scene analysis uses Yamaha Motor Corporation cognitive stochastic automaton models, combined with use Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and the of dynamic Bayesian network methods, in order to imitate Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology the ability of listeners to understand speech mixed with loud background music. Landmark-based speech A number of challenging issues in image and video recognition imitates the extra sensitivity of humans to indexing and retrieval are being studied. Of particular dynamic as opposed to static signals. interest are the following: similarity- and example-based retrieval, the use of relevance feedback from users to Prosodic, Intonational, and Voice Quality Correlates of improve retrieval performance, and the recognition of Disfluency semantic concepts in video based on multimodal cues. M. Hasegawa-Johnson,* J. Cole, C. Shih [email protected] Multimodal Human–Computer Interaction National Science Foundation T. S. Huang,* J. Tu, M. Liu, D. J. Lin, X. Han, H. Ning, M. Rahurkar Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science [email protected] and Technology National Science Foundation, IIS 00-85980, IIS 01-38965, Prosody is the stress and rhythm pattern of naturally spoken and CCF 04-26627 language. Linguists agree that the sound of a phoneme Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and the depends on its prosodic context, but experimental data Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology describing the prosodic-phonemic interaction are only now becoming precise enough to support efforts in automatic The term "human-computer interaction" is used in a broad speech recognition. Our research seeks to precisely sense to include communication between persons and describe the prosodic-phonemic interaction using both computers as well as communication between persons detailed phonetic analysis and probabilistic speech mediated by computers. Researchers are investigating a recognition models. This research has already succeeded variety of issues related to the use of computer vision and in demonstrating, for the first time in the literature, that the image processing in HCI, as well as the integration of use of prosody can lead to improved word recognition vision, audio, and speech. Examples include visual human accuracy in a large-vocabulary speech recognition (body, face, hand) tracking and analysis, combining speech experiment. and visual hand tracking in manipulating virtual objects, audio-visual speech recognition in noisy environments, Face Processing and audio-visual human emotion recognition. T. S. Huang,* X. Xu, Z. Zhang, Y. Hu, Y. Fu [email protected] Video Analysis Yamaha Motor Corporation T. S. Huang,* N. Petrovic, A. Ivanovic, A. Sethi, S. Rajaram, M. Gupta, Y. Zhou, Research Conducted at the Beckman Institute for [email protected] Advanced Science and Technology ARDA MDA 904-03-C-1787 Researchers are developing methodologies and algorithms Research conducted at the Coordinated Science for 2-D and 3-D face analysis with applications in face Laboratory and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science detection, recognition, tracking, and animation. For and Technology analysis, we are particularly interested in outdoor scenarios where the illumination and head pose are highly varying. Researchers are using generative probabilistic models For animation, a major project is text- and speech-driven (GPM) to do video analysis. Tasks include stabilization, realistic synthetic talking faces. denoising, superresolution, segmenting video into layers, and video event retrieval based on examples. Applications include online surveillance and monitoring, and offline analysis using video archives.
* Denotes principal investigator.
83 Remote Reality: 4-D Audio-Visual Reconstruction and quantum-well diode light emitters and lasers. Stimulated Compression from Multiple Sensors emission, absorption, disorder, alloy clustering, carrier D. L. Jones,* M. N. Do,* R. Morrison, H. Nguyen scattering, phonon processes, tunneling effects, and [email protected] impurity diffusion in these structures are being studied. National Science Foundation (ITR Grant) Impurity-induced disordering and Al-bearing native oxides are being studied and used to form stripe-geometry Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory lasers and more complicated array structures. Quantum This project develops new signal processing techniques for well lasers have been operated in an external grating cavity reconstruction of the audio and visual recording at an in an extended wavelength range. Newer forms of arbitrary location in space and time from multiple acoustic quantum-well lasers have been realized, including native- and video sensors, but extending recent research in oxide-defined lasers and waveguides. Quantum dot lasers adaptive beamforming, multisensor signal processing of coupled to quantum well lasers are being studied. Also, nonstationary signals, and fundamental new advances in heterojunction bipolar light emitting transistors (HBLETs) multidimensional signal representation. Practical four- have been identified and are being studied; these include dimensional audiovisual recording, transmission, HBLETs both with and without quantum well and quantum playback, and remote reality will be demonstrated with dot modifications. low-cost, conventional sensors attached to networked Quantum-Well Heterostructures computers, thus confirming the practicality of the proposed N. Holonyak, Jr.,* G. Walter methods and applications. National Science Foundation, DMR 89-20538 A Comprehensive Retargetable Embedded Systems Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Software Development Environment in cooperation with the Department of Physics and the D. L. Jones,* S. Appadwedula, D. Sachs Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory [email protected] University of Virginia, National Science Foundation The fundamental properties of III-V heterostructures subcontract grown by vapor phase epitaxy are being studied. On quantum-well MOCVD AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructures, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory laser operation 400 meV above Eg(GaAs) has been New compiler technology and a high-performance observed, the first cw 300 K laser operation has been software development environment specialized for digital achieved, laser operation on phonon-sidebands below the signal processors are being developed. Challenging signal confined-particle states has been observed, and alloy processing applications in wireless video communication disorder and clustering in quantum-well heterostructures will be used as a testbed for evaluating the performance of have been identified. Impurity-induced disordering of the new optimizing compiler technology. The new quantum-well heterostructures and Al-bearing native compilation and software tools will be introduced into an oxides, that is, the native oxide of AlxGa1-xAs formed at instructional Digital Signal Processing Laboratory course 400° to 500°C with H2O + N2, are being examined via TEM for leading-edge undergraduate education and additional and photoluminescence studies. This project is the first evaluation. (1977) to realize p-n quantum-well lasers and to coin the name "QW lasers." Solid State Devices
Luminescence and Laser Studies in III-V Semiconductors N. Holonyak, Jr.,* G. Walter National Science Foundation, ECS 82-00517 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory in conjunction with the Department of Physics
Heterojunctions in AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs and related materials are being examined. Quantum size effects have been observed and have led to single and multiple active layer
* Denotes principal investigator.
84 deposition (CVD), and Sol-Gel processing, it is crucial to Supercomputing Research and have precursors with desired properties. Such precursors Development are designed, synthesized, and their physical properties are evaluated by analyzing the materials prepared from them. An Integrated Framework for Performance Resulting optimal precursors are used to fabricated the Engineering and Resource-Aware Compilation desired highly ordered nanoscale structures. C. Polychronopoulos,* F. Breg, J. Brokish, S. Carroll, Precision Particle Fabrication: The Targeted Delivery Y. Chen, A. Christensen, S. M. Chu, G. Clark, I. Cohen, of Microsphere Encapsulated Aminobisphosphonates T. Courtney, D. Craig, D. Daly, D. D. Deavours, for Treating Autoimmune and Neoplastic Diseases of S. Derisavi, J. Doyle, M. Drzal, X. Han, P. Hong, The Mononuclear Phagocytic System T. S. Huang, Y. Huang, P. Kalogiannis, W. Ko, T. Fan,* S. Charney,* K. Kim,* H. Choi,* C. Kyung C. Koopmans, F. Koopmans, A. Kulothungun, [email protected] V. V. Lam, D. J. Lin, J. Lin, K. Marukawa, Veterinary Medical Research Funds D. S. Nikolopoulos, N. Petrovic, H. Saito, W. H. Sanders, N. Stavrakos, Q. Tian, J. Tu, P. Webster, The main objective of this multidisciplinary initiative is to Y. Wu, M. Yankelevsky, H. Zhou, X. Zhou successfully encapsulate two aminobisphosphonates, [email protected] pamidronate and zoledronate, into hydroxyethyl starch National Science Foundation, EIA 99-75019 microspheres using a patent-pending technology known as precision particle fabrication. The long-term goals of this Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory pilot investigation would be to develop a novel, This project developed a comprehensive and integrated commercially viable therapeutic modality for treating approach to application composition and development, autoimmune and neoplastic disorders involving the system and application modeling and evaluation, mononuclear phagocytic system. performance characterization, compiler optimization, and Tissue Engineered Scaffolds with Imbedded low-overhead runtime support. Achieving these Microspheres to Improve Bone and Soft Tissue Healing capabilities required fundamental advances in methods for Through Controlled Delivery of Growth Factors hierarchical, multilanguage modeling, simulation, and R. Jamison,* K. Kim,* H. Choi,* Y. Choy, A. Morgan, evaluation, and techniques for adaptive, resource-aware A. Sendemir-Urkmez, C. Kearney, C. Kyung compilation and runtime support. We took a systematic and [email protected] synergetic approach to making these advances and College of Engineering incorporated them into an integrated performance engineering framework and resource-aware compilation This research is to optimize the design of tissue engineering and runtime system. In addition, we demonstrated the use substitutes for bone by understanding the relationship of the integrated framework/system via application to between the size, structure, and distribution of several important parallel and distributed multimedia, microspheres in porous scaffolds and their drug release video database, and computer vision applications. characteristics. An array of microspheres from chitosan and hydrogel polymer, biocompatible material currently used for treatment of burns and delivery of drugs, will be Thin Films and Charged Particles produced, loaded with growth factors, and then embedded in porous scaffolds of the same polymers. The rate, Synthesis and Study of Tailored Organometallic, concentration, and duration of drug release will be Inorganic, and Polymeric Precursors for Sol-Gel measured in vitro for several growth factors that have Processing, Charged Liquid Cluster Beam Deposition, shown promise in other studies. and Chemical Vapor Deposition H. Choi,* K. Kim,* S. Lim, M. G. Kang [email protected] APL Engineered Materials To fabricate highly ordered micro and nano structures, such as nanowires, nanoparticles, and thin films of controlled chemical composition and stoichiometry by charged liquid cluster beam technique, chemical vapor
* Denotes principal investigator.
85 Coating of Liquid Crystal Display Panel Components propulsion of the pellet by a plasma-arc armature and that Using the Charged Liquid Cluster Beam Technique do not require a fuse to effect the system operation. The K. Kim,* H. Choi,* S. H. Rhee principal diagnostics used are laser interferometry, optical LG. Philips LCD spectroscopy, streak camera, and magnetic probes. A CAMAC system is employed for data acquisition and In collaboration with Beckman Institute for Advanced processing. Using the present acceleration scheme, a solid Science and Technology hydrogen pellet velocity in the range of 3.3 km/s has been This work focuses on extensive utilization of the CLCB demonstrated. technique developed by this research group for deposition Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of GaN-based of films needed for the manufacture and development of Materials and Application to Electronic and Optical high-performance LDCs. In particular, the work makes use Devices by Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy of the unique capabilities of the CLCB technique to K. Kim,* S. H. Rhee, C. W. Park produce high-quality films of controlled chemical Concorde Diversified, Inc. compositions and stoichiometries that are needed for various key LCD components, including metallic The objective of this work is to grow device-quality GaN- semiconducting and insulating films. These films are based films for fabrication of short-wavelength optical characterized and evaluated using the microanalysis devices and high-speed, high-power electronic devices. facilities at the University of Illinois. The growth technique used is the plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy that employs an atomic nitrogen Development of Methods for Fabricating Uniform beam from an rf-discharge nitrogen plasma and a Ga source Micro- and Nanospheres and Capsules of beam. The growth system is one designed and fabricated Biodegradable and Biocompatible Materials for at the University of Illinois, and the nitrogen plasma source Application to Biotechnology is uniquely capable of producing contamination-free K. Kim,* H. Choi,* Y. Choy, C. Kyung, A. Simnick; plasmas. The films are characterized using a variety of D. Pack, C. Berkland (Chem. Engr.); microanalysis techniques including RHEED, XRD, SEM, R. Jamison (Mat. Sci. & Engr.); and TEM. K. Singletary (Food Sci. & Human Nutri.) [email protected] Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of GaN-based Dong Wha Pharmaceutical; Alkermes Nitride Semiconductors Using Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Development of High- Advanced methods of fabricating uniform biodegradable Speed, High-Power Heterostructure Electronic Devices and biocompatible micro- and nanospheres and multilayer K. Kim,* I. Adesida,* S. J. Hong, T. Day, C. W. Park capsules of precise size, shell thickness, porosity, and ETRI Electronics, Inc. charge are investigated for various applications in biotechnology. Applications under investigation include The dual objectives of this work are to grow and advanced drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensor/ characterize device-quality heterostructure GaN-based biomarker development, and bioavailability enhancement films and use them to develop high-speed, high-power of functional foods. Mechanical, hydrodynamic, electrical, electronic devices. The materials growth is achieved using and sol-gel techniques and their combinations are used to a plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy system designed fabricate the particles. The smallest particles fabricated to and fabricated at the University of Illinois. The plasma date are in the 10-nanometer range, and the largest in the source is capable of producing contamination-free nitrogen mm range. plasmas. The films are characterized using a variety of microanalysis techniques including RHEED, XRD, SEM, Electromagnetic Railgun Hydrogen-Pellet Accelerator TEM, AFM, PL, CL, SIMS, and Hall measurement. for Magnetic Fusion Reactor Refueling K. Kim,* H. Fan U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-84ER52111 Feasibility of an electromagnetic railgun as a high-velocity (~10 km/s) hydrogen pellet injector for refueling magnetic fusion reactors is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A variety of advanced railgun configurations are considered, especially those that rely on magnetic
* Denotes principal investigator.
86 Investigation of Methods for Controlled Fabrication of Nanowire and Nanotube Interconnect Technology for Thin Films and Nanoparticles Using Charged Liquid 3-D ICs Cluster Beams of Precursor Solutions K. Kim,* H. Choi,* A. Cangellaris,* M. G. Kang, K. Kim,* H. Choi,* R. Singh, C. Kyung, T. Day, S. Lim, N. McDonnell N. McDonnell [email protected] [email protected] Synchrotron Radiation Center LG. Philips LCD To improve on-chip interconnect performance beyond the A novel scheme utilizing flow-limited field-injection 65 nm node, 3-D interconnects and nanotubes are electrostatic spraying (FFESS) of precursor solutions is investigated, with the focus placed on better understanding investigated to develop methods of fabricating thin films of their material properties, their compatibility with and nanoparticles of controlled size and morphology. The semiconductor processing techniques, and the unique aspects of the FFESS technique is its inherent development of macroscopic models to facilitate capability to produce uniform, charged nanodrops of quantification of their impact on performance controlled size, chemical composition, and stoichiometry, enhancement. The proposed research will be founded on allowing for fabrication of high-quality films and uniform novel processes for the growth of both vertical nanowires nanoparticles. Specific applications include fabrication of and carbon nanotubes along with a cross-disciplinary catalytic nanoparticles to facilitate development of expertise in the areas of nanotechnology, novel materials advanced displays and deposition of polymer films for synthesis, nanoscale chemical processing, and signal OLED development. integrity-driven electromagnetic interconnect modeling and simulation. Investigation of Novel Approaches to Fabricating Micro and Nanoscale Structures for Development of A Novel Method for Preparing Thin Films and New Devices for Lighting, Display, and Power Storage Nanoparticles by Using Charged Liquid Cluster Beams K. Kim,* H. Choi,* J. Gao,* M. G. Kang, S. Lim of Liquid-Mix Precursors [email protected] K. Kim,* H. Choi,* Y. Yang APL Engineered Materials University of Illinois Charged liquid cluster beam technique, chemical vapor A novel scheme using field-injection electrohydrodynamic deposition (CVD), Sol-Gel processing, and other chemical spraying of liquid-mix precursors is investigated for and physical techniques are utilized, either individually or development of a method for fabricating thin films of in combinations, to fabricate highly ordered micro and metals, semiconductors, superconductors, and insulators. nano structures, such as nanowires, nanoparticles, and thin The same technique is also suitable for fabricating films, of certain technologically important materials. The nanoparticles from a variety of liquid precursors. Unique target of this investigation is to develop novel device aspects of this new technique are that it is inherently concepts for lighting, display, and power storage. capable of producing a uniform, charged fine spray of liquid precursors of controlled size, chemical composition, Investigation of Plasma-Material Interaction Using and stoichiometry, and that the energy of the spray can be Transaugmented Electromagnetic Railgun controlled, allowing for fabrication of high-quality films K. Kim* and uniform nanoparticles. U.S. Department of Energy Design of Microparticles for Precision Drug Delivery Feasibility of employing a transaugmented D. Pack,* K. Kim,* H. Choi, C. Berkland, Y. Choy, electromagnetic railgun as a testbed with which to study C. Kyung plasma-material interaction is investigated both [email protected] experimentally and theoretically. A variety of advanced National Institutes of Health railgun configurations are considered that allow for separate control of the velocity, temperature, and density In Collaboration with Chemical and Biomolecular of the free-traveling plasma-arc armature. The principal Engineering diagnostics used are laser interferometry, optical The primary goal of this project is to investigate the effects spectroscopy, streak camera, and magnetic probes. A of microparticle size and size distribution, and the shell CAMAC system is used for data acquisition and thickness of microcapsules, on small molecule drug processing. encapsulation and release. We have developed a novel
* Denotes principal investigator.
87 method for fabrication of uniform polymer microspheres Protein Logic and microcapsules that allows precise control of the J. W. Lyding,* S. A. Boppart,* M. Gruebele, G. Timp; particle diameter and shell thickness. By controlling the N. Aluru* (Indus. & Enter. Syst. Engr.), particle size, we showed we could achieve zero-order P. Braun* (Mat. Sci. & Engr.), J. Moore* (Chem.) release of model drugs and discovered several competing National Science Foundation, Nanoscale Interdisciplinary mechanisms that can affect release rates. Four model drugs Research Teams that span a range of sizes and water solubility will be Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science investigated: piroxicam, ciprofloxacin, ganciclovir, and and Technology cyclosporin. This program seeks to integrate functional protein arrays with nanoscale CMOS on silicon. Natural and artificial ion Tunneling Microscopy channels are being utilized to interface between biology and silicon. Selective chemistry utilizing STM patterning Nanoelectronics: Low-Power, High-Performance is being used to fabricate the protein templates. Components and Circuits J. W. Lyding,* K. Hess,* J. Moore* (Chem.), R. Martin,* H. Choi* (Physics) Journal Articles U.S. Navy, ASUSG 98-152SG Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Advanced Processing and Circuits and Technology This is a Multidisciplinary Research Program of the Basu, A., Mohammed, F., Guo, S., Peres, B., and University Research Initiative (MURI) at the Beckman Adesida, I. Mo/Al/Mo/Au Ohmic contact scheme for Institute with the goal of combining STM nanofabrication AlxGa1-xN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with atomistic simulations to develop novel nanoelectronic annealed at 500 degrees C. Journal of Vacuum Science device structures on the atomic and molecular size scale. and Technology B, 24:2, L16-L18 (Mar.-Apr. 2006). Techniques are being developed to fabricate and test these structures in situ in the UHV STM. This program also Chen, G., Kumar, V., Schwindt, R., and Adesida, I. A low involves collaborations with Arizona State University, gate bias model extraction technique for AlGaN/GaN University of Notre Dame, and University of California at HEMTs. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Berkeley, to explore new interconnect schemes for Techniques, 54:7, 2949-2953 (Jul. 2006). nanoelectronics and to interface nanoelectronic devices with conventional microelectronic circuits. Cho, S., Yun, J., Jun, D., Song, J., Adesida, I., Pan, N., and Jang, J. High performance InP/InAlAs/GaAsSb/ Nanoscale Interface Characterization by UHV STM InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors. Solid- Spectroscopy State Electronics, 50:6, 902-907 (Jun. 2006). J. W. Lyding,* L. Liu, J. Yu, J. Tolomei U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-00-1-0234 Choi, W., Jang, J., Yu, B., Lee, Y., Zhao, W., Bae, J., Conducted in the Beckman Institute and Adesida, I. Low loss high mesa optical waveguides based on InGaAsP/InP heterostructures. Journal of This research is focused on atomic scale dopant mapping Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 6:11, 3562-3566 (Nov. and the determination of the rms roughness and correlation 2006). lengths associated with oxide-silicon interfaces. The substitution of deuterium for hydrogen at oxide-silicon Fang, Z., Look, D., Krtschil, A., Krost, A., Khan, F., and interfaces is also being studied. It has been determined with Adesida, I. Giant traps on the surface of hydride vapor modern scaling trends that deuterium becomes phase epitaxy-grown free-standing GaN. Journal of increasingly effective at reducing hot carrier degradation Electronic Materials, 35:4, 613-617 (Apr. 2006). in CMOS technology.
* Denotes principal investigator.
88 Hua, F., Gaur, A., Sun, Y., Word, M., Jin, N., Meitl, M., Zhu, Z., Kumar, V., Lee, K., Feng, X., Adesida, I., Shim, M., Shim, A., and Rogers, J. Processing Huang, Y., Adesida, I., Nuzzo, R., and Rogers, J. dependent behavior of soft imprint lithography on the Transfer printing by kinetic control of adhesion to an 1--10-nm scale. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, elastomeric stamp. Nature Materials, 5:1, 33-38 (Jan. 5:3, 301-308 (May 2006). 2006).
Jang, J. and Adesida, I. Fabrication and characterization Mohammed, F., Wang, L., Adesida, I., and Piner, E. The of capless In(0.52)AI(0.48)As/In0.53Ga0.47As role of barrier layer on Ohmic performance of Ti/Al- HEMTs. The Institute of Electronics, Information and based contact metallizations on AlGaN/GaN Communication Engineers Transactions on Electronics, heterostructures - art. no. 023708. Journal of Applied E89C:8, 1259-1262 (Aug. 2006). Physics, 100:2, 23708 (Jul. 2006).
Jang, J., Kim, S., and Adesida, I. Enhancement-mode Mohammed, F., Wang, L., and Adesida, I. Ultralow high electron mobility transistors lattice-matched to resistance Si-containing Ti/Al/Mo/Au Ohmic contacts InP substrates utilizing Ti/Pt/Au metallization. with large processing window for AlGaN/GaN Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular heterostructures - art. no. 212107. Applied Physics Papers, Short Notes, Review Papers, 45:4B, 3349-3354 Letters, 88:21, 12107 (May 2006). (Apr. 2006). Sun, Y., Kim, H., Menard, E., Kim, S., Adesida, I., and Jang, J., Kim, S., and Adesida, I. Fabrication and Rogers, J. Printed arrays of aligned GaAs wires for characterization of In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As E/ flexible transistors, diodes, and circuits on plastic D-HEMTs on InP substrates. Solid-State Electronics, substrates. Small, 2:11, 1330-1334 (Nov. 2006). 50:5, 758-762 (May 2006). Sun, Y., Kumar, V., Adesida, I., and Rogers, J. Buckled Jun, D., Jang, J., Adesida, I., and Song, J. Improved and wavy ribbons of GaAs for high-performance efficiency-bandwidth product of modified uni- electronics on elastomeric substrates. Advanced traveling carrier photodiode structures using an Materials, 18:21, 2857 (Nov. 2006). undoped photo-absorption layer. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers, Short Notes, Sun, Y., Menard, E., Rogers, J., Kim, H., Kim, S., Review Papers, 45:4B, 3475-3478 (Apr. 2006). Chen, G., Adesida, I., Dettmer, R., Cortez, R., and Tewksbury, A. Gigahertz operation in flexible Kumar, V., Chen, G., Guo, S., and Adesida, I. Field-plated transistors on plastic substrates - art. no. 183509. 0.25-mu m gate-length AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Applied Physics Letters, 88:18, 83509 (May 2006). varying field-plate length. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 53:6, 1477-1480 (Jun. 2006). Wang, L., Zhao, W., and Adesida, I. Correlating the Schottky barrier height with the interfacial reactions of Lee, J., Kumar, V., and Adesida, I. High-power-density Ir gates for InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility 0.25 mu m gate-length AlGaN/GaN high-electron- transistors - art. no. 211910. Applied Physics Letters, mobility transistors on semi-insulating 6H-SiC 89:21, 11910 (Nov. 2006). substrates. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1- Regular Papers, Short Notes, Review Papers, 45:1A, Zhao, W., Mohammed, F., and Adesida, I. Application of 13-17 (Jan. 2006). the Ag-based ohmic contact to the realization of thermally-stable InAlAs/InGaAs/InP high electron Lee, K., Meitl, M., Ahn, J., Rogers, J., Nuzzo, R., mobility transistors. Japanese Journal of Applied Kumar, V., and Adesida, I. Bendable GaN high electron Physics Part 1-Regular Papers, Short Notes, Review mobility transistors on plastic substrates - art. no. Papers, 45:10A, 7632-7636 (Oct. 2006). 124507. Journal of Applied Physics, 100:12, 24507 (Dec. 2006). Zhao, W., Wang, L., and Adesida, I. Electrical and structural investigations of Ag-based Ohmic contacts for InAlAs/InGaAs/InP high electron mobility transistors - art. no. 072105. Applied Physics Letters, 89:7, 72105 (Aug. 2006).
89 Waldrop, L., Kudeki, E., Gonzalez, S., Sulzer, M., Aeronomy Garcia, R., Butala, M., and Kamalabadi, F. Derivation of neutral oxygen density under charge exchange in the Chau, J. and Kudeki, E. First E- and D-region incoherent midlatitude topside ionosphere - art. no. A11308. scatter spectra observed over Jicamarca. Annales Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, Geophysicae-Atmospheres Hydrospheres and Space 111:A11, 11308 (Nov. 2006). Sciences, 24:5, 1295-1303 (2006).
Chau, J. and Kudeki, E. Statistics of 150-km echoes over Audio Signal Processing Jicamarca based on low-power VHF observations. Annales Geophysicae-Atmospheres Hydrospheres and Horner, A., Beauchamp, J., and So, R. A search for best Space Sciences, 24:5, 1305-1310 (2006). error metrics to predict discrimination of original and spectrally altered musical instrument sounds. Journal Friedrich, M., Torkar, K., Lehmacher, G., Croskey, C., of the Audio Engineering Society, 54:3, 140-156 (Mar. Mitchell, J., Kudeki, E., and Milla, M. Rocket and 2006). incoherent scatter radar common-volume electron measurements of the equatorial lower ionosphere - art. no. L08807. Geophysical Research Letters, 33:8, 8807 Bioacoustics (Apr. 2006). Ammi, A., Cleveland, R., Mamou, J., Wang, G., Kudeki, E. and Milla, M. Incoherent scatter spectrum Bridal, S., and O'Brien, W. Ultrasonic contrast agent theory for modes propagating perpendicular to the shell rupture detected by inertial cavitation and geomagnetic field - art. no. A06306. Journal of rebound signals. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 111:A6, 6306 (Jun. Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 53:1, 126-136 (Jan. 2006). 2006).
Kudeki, E., Milla, M., Friedrich, M., Lehmacher, G., and Bigelow, T. and O'Brien, W. Impact of local attenuation Sponseller, D. ALTAIR incoherent scatter observations approximations when estimating correlation length of the equatorial daytime ionosphere - art. no. L08108. from backscattered ultrasound echoes. Journal of the Geophysical Research Letters, 33:8, 8108 (Apr. 2006). Acoustical Society of America, 120:1, 546-553 (Jul. 2006).
Lehmacher, G., Croskey, C., Mitchell, J., Friedrich, M., Mamou, J., Oelze, M., O'Brien, W., and Zachary, J. Luebken, F., Rapp, M., Kudeki, E., and Fritts, D. Intense Perspective on biomedical quantitative ultrasound turbulence observed above a mesospheric temperature imaging. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 23:3, inversion at equatorial latitude - art. no. L08808. 112-116 (May 2006). Geophysical Research Letters, 33:8, 8808 (Apr. 2006). Nam, Y., Musick, K., and Wheeler, B. Application of a Milla, M. and Kudeki, E. F-region electron density and PDMS microstencil as a replaceable insulator toward a T-e/T-i measurements using incoherent scatter power single-use planar microelectrode array. Biomedical data collected at ALTAIR. Annales Geophysicae- Microdevices, 8:4, 375-381 (Dec. 2006). Atmospheres Hydrospheres and Space Sciences, 24:5, Oelze, M. and O'Brien, W. Application of three 1333-1342 (2006). scattering models to characterization of solid tumors in Sheth, R., Kudeki, E., Lehmacher, G., Sarango, M., mice. Ultrasonic Imaging, 28:2, 83-96 (Apr. 2006). Woodman, R., Chau, J., Guo, L., and Reyes, P. A high- Phatak, S., Ratnam, R., Wheeler, B., O'Brien, W., and resolution study of mesospheric fine structure with the Feng, A. Effect of reflectors on sound-source Jicamarca mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere localization with two microphones. Journal of the Audio (MST) radar. Annales Geophysicae-Atmospheres Engineering Society, 54:6, 512-524 (Jun. 2006). Hydrospheres and Space Sciences, 24:5, 1281-1293 (2006).
90 Ozdal, M. and Wong, M. Algorithmic study of single- Circuits layer bus routing for high-speed boards. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Bae, H., Ashbrook, J., Park, J., Shanbhag, N., Singer, A., Circuits and Systems, 25:3, 490-503 (Mar. 2006). and Chopra, S. A maximum-likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE) receiver for electronic dispersion Ozdal, M. and Wong, M. Algorithms for simultaneous compensation of OC-192 fiber links. IEEE Journal of escape routing and layer assignment of dense PCBs. Solid-State Circuits, 41:11, 2541-2554 (Nov. 2006). IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 25:8, 1510-1522 (Aug. Carter, N. and Hussain, A. Modeling wire delay, area, 2006). power, and performance in a simulation infrastructure. IBM Journal of Research and Ozdal, M. and Wong, M. A length-matching routing Development, 50:2-3, 311-319 (Mar.-May 2006). algorithm for high-performance printed circuit boards. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design Chen, D., Cong, J., and Xu, J. Optimal simultaneous of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 25:12, 2784-2794 module and multivoltage assignment for low power. (Dec. 2006). Association for Computing Machinery Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems, 11:2, 362-386 Shim, B. and Shanbhag, N. Energy-efficient soft error- (Apr. 2006). tolerant digital signal processing. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (Vlsi) Systems, 14:4, Chen, H., Liu, I., and Wong, M. I/O clustering in design 336-348 (Apr. 2006). cost and performance optimization for flip-chip design. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Tang, X., Tian, R., and Wong, M. Minimizing wire length Integrated Circuits and Systems, 25:11, 2552-2556 (Nov. in floorplanning. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided 2006). Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 25:9, 1744-1753 (Sep. 2006). Cheng, L. and Wong, M. Floorplan design for multimillion gate FPGAs. IEEE Transactions on Tsai, J., Chen, C., Chen, G., Goplen, B., Qian, H., Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Zhan, Y., Kang, S., Wong, M., and Sapatnekar, S. Systems, 25:12, 2795-2805 (Dec. 2006). Temperature-aware placement for System-on-Chips (SOCs). Proceedings of the IEEE, 94:8, 1502-1518 (Aug. Gracheva, M., Xiong, A., Aksimentiev, A., Schulten, K., 2006). Timp, G., and Leburton, J. Simulation of the electric response of DNA translocation through a Xiang, H., Chao, K., and Wong, M. An ECO routing semiconductor nanopore-capacitor. Nanotechnology, algorithm for eliminating coupling-capacitance 17:3, 622-633 (Feb. 2006). violations. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 25:9, Li, H., Zemke, C., Manetas, G., Okhmatovski, V., 1754-1762 (Sep. 2006). Rosenbaum, E., and Cangellaris, A. An automated and efficient substrate noise analysis tool. IEEE Zhang, M. and Shanbhag, N. Dual-sampling skewed Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Circuits and Systems, 25:3, 454-468 (Mar. 2006). design for soft-error tolerance. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II-Express Briefs, 53:12, Li, J., Joshi, S., Barnes, R., and Rosenbaum, E. Compact 1461-1465 (Dec. 2006). modeling of on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices using verilog-A. IEEE Transactions Zhang, M. and Shanbhag, N. Soft-error-rate-analysis on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and (SERA) methodology. IEEE Transactions on Computer- Systems, 25:6, 1047-1063 (Jun. 2006). Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 25:10, 2140-2155 (Oct. 2006). Mansour, M. and Shanbhag, N. A 640-Mb/s 2048-bit programmable LDPC decoder chip. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 41:3, 684-698 (Mar. 2006).
91 Zhang, M., Mitra, S., Mak, T., Seifert, N., Wang, N., Han, H., Shakkottai, S., Hollot, C., Srikant, R., and Shi, Q., Kim, K., Shanbhag, N., and Patel, S. Sequential Towsley, D. Multi-path Transmission Control Protocol element design with built-in soft error resilience. IEEE (TCP): A joint congestion control and routing scheme Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (Vlsi) to exploit path diversity in the Internet. IEEE/ACM Systems, 14:12, 1368-1378 (Dec. 2006). Transactions on Networking, 14:6, 1260-1271 (Dec. 2006).
Communications Ho, T., Medard, M., Koetter, R., Karger, D., Effros, M., Shi, J., and Leong, B. A random linear network coding Ahmad, S., Jovicic, A., and Viswanath, P. On outer approach to multicast. IEEE Transactions on bounds to the capacity region of wireless networks. Information Theory, 52:10, 4413-4430 (Oct. 2006). IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52:6, 2770-2776 (Jun. 2006). Lin, X., Shroff, N., and Srikant, R. A tutorial on cross- layer optimization in wireless networks. IEEE Journal Alvarez, J. and Hajek, B. Equivalence of trans paths in on Selected Areas in Communications, 24:8, 1452-1463 ion channels - art. no. 046126. Physical Review E - (Aug. 2006). Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics, 7304:4 Part 2, 6126 (Apr. 2006). Liu, T. and Viswanath, P. Opportunistic orthogonal writing on dirty paper. IEEE Transactions on Alvarez, J. and Hajek, B. Kernel representations for flux Information Theory, 52:5, 1828-1846 (May 2006). and concentration in ion channel models with time- varying concentrations - art. no. 164703. Journal of Lun, D., Ratnakar, N., Medard, M., Koetter, R., Chemical Physics, 125:16, 64703 (Oct. 2006). Karger, D., Ho, T., Ahmed, E., and Zhao, F. Minimum- cost multicast over coded packet networks. IEEE Chamberland, J. and Veeravalli, V. How dense should a Transactions on Information Theory, 52:6, 2608-2623 sensor network be for detection with correlated (Jun. 2006). observations? IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52:11, 5099-5106 (Nov. 2006). Mazumidar, R., Courcoubetis, C., Duffield, N., Kesidis, G., Odlyzko, A., Srikant, R., Walrand, J., and Coleman, T., Lee, A., Medard, M., and Effros, M. Low- Cosman, P. Price-based access control and economics complexity approaches to Slepian-Wolf near-lossless of networking. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in distributed data compression. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 24:5, 937-941 (May 2006). Information Theory, 52:8, 3546-3561 (Aug. 2006). Medard, M. and Srikant, R. Capacity of nearly Deb, S. and Srikant, R. Rate-based versus queue-based decomposable Markovian fading channels under models of congestion control. IEEE Transactions on asymmetric receiver–Sender side information. IEEE Automatic Control, 51:4, 606-619 (Apr. 2006). Transactions on Information Theory, 52:7, 3052-3062 (Jul. 2006). Eryilmaz, A. and Srikant, R. Joint congestion control, routing, and MAC for stability and fairness in wireless Sanghavi, S. and Hajek, B. Adaptive induced networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in fluctuations for multiuser diversity. IEEE Transactions Communications, 24:8, 1514-1524 (Aug. 2006). on Wireless Communications, 5:6, 1294-1305 (Jun. 2006). Ganesh, A., Key, P., Polis, D., and Srikant, R. Congestion Sethuraman, V. and Hajek, B. Comments on "Bit- notification and probing mechanisms for endpoint Interleaved Coded Modulation". IEEE Transactions on admission control. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Information Theory, 52:4, 1795-1797 (Apr. 2006). Networking, 14:3, 568-578 (Jun. 2006). Shakkottai, S. and Srikant, R. Economics of network Gross, W., Kschischang, F., Koetter, R., and Gulak, P. pricing with multiple ISPs. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Applications of algebraic soft-decision decoding of Networking, 14:6, 1233-1245 (Dec. 2006). Reed-Solomon codes. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 54:7, 1224-1234 (Jul. 2006).
92 Tavildar, S. and Viswanath, P. Approximately universal So, J. and Vaidya, N. Load-balancing routing in codes over slow-fading channels. IEEE Transactions on multichannel hybrid wireless networks with single Information Theory, 52:7, 3233-3258 (Jul. 2006). network interface. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 55:3, 806-812 (May 2006). Yan, Z., Sarwate, D., and Liu, Z. High-speed systolic architectures for finite field inversion (vol 38, pg 383, Wah, B. and Chen, Y. Constraint partitioning in penalty 2005). Integration-The VLSI Journal, 39:4, 474-476 (Jul. formulations for solving temporal planning problems. 2006). Artificial Intelligence, 170:3, 187-231 (Mar. 2006).
Ying, L., Dullerud, G., and Srikant, R. Global stability of Wang, N. and Patel, S. ReStore: Symptom-based soft Internet congestion controllers with heterogeneous error detection in microprocessors. IEEE Transactions delays. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 14:3, on Dependable and Secure Computing, 3:3, 188-201 (Jul.- 579-591 (Jun. 2006). Sep. 2006).
Ying, L., Srikant, R., Eryilmaz, A., and Dullerud, G. A Yang, X. and Vaidya, N. Priority scheduling in wireless large deviations analysis of scheduling in wireless ad hoc networks. Wireless Networks, 12:3, 273-286 (Jun. networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2006). 52:11, 5088-5098 (Nov. 2006). Yang, X. and Vaidya, N. A wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol using implicit pipelining. Computer Engineering IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 5:3, 258-273 (Mar. 2006). Barnes, R., Sias, J., Nystrom, E., Patel, S., Navarro, J., and Hwu, W. Beating in-order stalls with "flea-flicker" Yang, X., Vaidya, N., and Ravichandran, P. Split-channel two-pass pipelining. IEEE Transactions on Computers, pipelined packet scheduling for wireless networks. 55:1, 18-33 (Jan. 2006). IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 5:3, 240-257 (Mar. 2006). Chen, Y., Dong, G., Han, J., Pei, J., Wah, B., and Wang, J. Regression cubes with lossless compression and aggregation. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Decision and Control Data Engineering, 18:12, 1585-1599 (Dec. 2006). Alpcan, T., Basar, T., and Dey, S. A power control game Kyasanur, P., So, J., Chereddi, C., and Vaidya, N. based on outage probabilities for multicell wireless data Multichannel mesh networks: Challenges and networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless protocols. IEEE Wireless Communications, 13:2, 30-36 Communications, 5:4, 890-899 (Apr. 2006). (Apr. 2006). Arslan, G. and Basar, T. Comments on "Risk-sensitive Lau, R., Wah, B., Li, Q., and Liu, C. Distributed media adaptive trackers for strict-feedback systems with technologies and applications. IEEE Transactions on output measurements" - Author's reply. IEEE Multimedia, 8:2, 193-195 (Apr. 2006). Transactions on Automatic Control, 51:4, 719 (Apr. 2006).
Liljenstam, M., Liu, J., Nicol, D., Yuan, Y., Yan, G., and Basar, T. and Conti, M. Special issue: Selected papers Grier, C. RINSE: The Real-Time Immersive Network from WiOpt '04. Wireless Networks, 12:5, 529-530 (Oct. Simulation Environment for network security exercises 2006). (extended version). Simulation, 82:1, 43-59 (Jan. 2006). Bullo, F. and Liberzon, D. Quantized control via Nicol, D. and Yan, G. High-performance simulation of locational optimization. IEEE Transactions on low-resolution network flows. Simulation, 82:1, 21-42 Automatic Control, 51:1, 2-13 (Jan. 2006). (Jan. 2006).
93 Chatterjee, D. and Liberzon, D. Stability analysis of Hou, J. and Kumar, P. Network modelling and deterministic and Stochastic switched systems via a simulation. Computer Networks: The International comparison principle and multiple Lyapunov Journal of Distributed Informatique, 50:12, 1885-1886 functions. SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, (Aug. 2006). 45:1, 174-206 (2006). Huang, J., Meyn, S., and Medard, M. Error exponents Chen, M., Cho, I., and Meyn, S. Reliability by design in for channel coding with application to signal distributed power transmission networks. Automatica, constellation design. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in 42:8, 1267-1281 (Aug. 2006). Communications, 24:8, 1647-1661 (Aug. 2006).
Chopra, N., Spong, M., Ortega, R., and Barabanov, N. On Imer, O., Yuksel, S., and Basar, T. Optimal control of tracking performance in bilateral teleoperation. IEEE linear, time-invariant (LTI) systems over unreliable Transactions on Robotics, 22:4, 861-866 (Aug. 2006). communication links. Automatica, 42:9, 1429-1439 (Sep. 2006). Conti, M. and Basar, T. Special issue: Modelling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Kloder, S. and Hutchinson, S. Path planning for Networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, 11:3, permutation-invariant multirobot formations. IEEE 315-316 (Jun. 2006). Transactions on Robotics, 22:4, 650-665 (Aug. 2006).
Darouach, M., Zasadzinski, M., Boutat-Baddas, L., Lee, D. and Spong, M. Passive bilateral teleoperation Sundaram, S., Hadjicostis, C., Simani, S., Bonfe, M., with constant time delay. IEEE Transactions on Takahashi, R., Edwards, C., and Tan, C. Discussion on: Robotics, 22:2, 269-281 (Apr. 2006). "A comparison of sliding mode and unknown input observer for fault reconstruction". European Journal of Liberzon, D. Lilies on the pond. IEEE Control Systems Control, 12:3, 261-277 (May-Jun. 2006). Magazine, 26:1, 13 (Feb. 2006). de Rinaldis, A., Ortega, R., and Spong, M. A compensator Liberzon, D. Quantization, time delays, and nonlinear for attenuation of wave reflections in long cable stabilization. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, actuator-plant interconnections with guaranteed 51:7, 1190-1195 (Jul. 2006). stability. Automatica, 42:10, 1621-1635 (Oct. 2006). Maheswaran, R. and Basar, T. Efficient signal Fan, X., Alpcan, T., Arcak, A., Wen, T., and Basar, T. A proportional allocation (ESPA) mechanisms: passivity approach to game-theoretic Code-Division Decentralized social welfare maximization for divisible Multiple Access (CDMA) power control. Automatica, resources. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in 42:11, 1837-1847 (Nov. 2006). Communications, 24:5, 1000-1009 (May 2006).
Giridhar, A. and Kumar, P. Scheduling automated traffic Margaliot, M. and Liberzon, D. Lie-algebraic stability on a network of roads. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular conditions for nonlinear switched systems and Technology, 55:5, 1467-1474 (Sep. 2006). differential inclusions. Systems and Control Letters, 55:1, 8-16 (Jan. 2006). Giridhar, A. and Kumar, P. Toward a theory of in- network computation in wireless sensor networks. Meyn, S. Large deviation asymptotics and control IEEE Communications Magazine, 44:4, 98-107 (Apr. variates for simulating large functions. Annals of 2006). Applied Probability, 16:1, 310-339 (Feb. 2006).
Hokayem, P. and Spong, M. Bilateral teleoperation: An Pandit, C. and Meyn, S. Robust measurement-based historical survey. Automatica, 42:12, 2035-2057 (Dec. admission control using Markov's theory of canonical 2006). distributions. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52:10, 4504-4518 (Oct. 2006). Hong, W., Wright, J., Huang, K., and Ma, Y. Multiscale hybrid linear models for lossy image representation. IEEE Transactions of Image Processing, 15:12, 3655-3671 (Dec. 2006).
94 Pandit, C. and Meyn, S. Worst-case large-deviation Ying, L., Liang, Z., Munson, D., Koetter, R., and asymptotics with application to queueing and Frey, B. Unwrapping of MR phase images using a information theory. Stochastic Processes and their Markov random field model. IEEE Transactions on Applications, 116:5, 724-756 (May 2006). Medical Imaging, 25:1, 128-136 (Jan. 2006).
Ru, Y., Wu, W., and Hadjicostis, C. Comments on "A modified reachability tree approach to analysis of Electromagnetics unbounded Petri nets". IEEE Transactions on Systems, Chiang, I. and Chew, W. Thin dielectric sheet simulation Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, 36:5, 1210 by surface integral equation using modified RWG and (Oct. 2006). pulse bases. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Sundaram, S. and Hadjicostis, C. Error detection and Propagation, 54:7, 1927-1934 (Jul. 2006). correction in switched linear controllers via periodic Chiang, I. and Chew, W. A coupled PEC-TDS surface and non-concurrent checks. Automatica, 42:3, integral equation approach for electromagnetic 383-391 (Mar. 2006). scattering and radiation from composite metallic and Tovar, B., Munoz-Gomez, L., Murrieta-Cid, R., thin dielectric objects. IEEE Transactions on Antennas Alencastre-Miranda, M., Monroy, R., and Hutchinson, S. and Propagation, 54:11 Part 2, 3511-3516 (Nov. 2006). Planning exploration strategies for simultaneous Correia, D. and Jin, J. Performance of regular PML, localization and mapping. Robotics and Autonomous CFS-PML, and second-order PML for waveguide Systems, 54:4, 314-331 (Apr. 2006). problems. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vidal, R. and Ma, Y. A unified algebraic approach to 2- 48:10, 2121-2126 (Oct. 2006). D and 3-D motion segmentation and estimation. Cui, T., Qin, Y., Ye, Y., Wu, J., Wang, G., and Chew, W. Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, 25:3, Efficient low-frequency inversion of 3-D buried objects 403-421 (Oct. 2006). with large contrasts. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Vidal, R., Ma, Y., Soatto, S., and Sastry, S. Two-view and Remote Sensing, 44:1, 3-9 (Jan. 2006). multibody structure from motion. International Journal Dunn, E., Byun, J., Branch, E., and Jin, J. Numerical of Computer Vision, 68:1, 7-25 (Jun. 2006). simulation of BOR scattering and radiation using a Xie, L. and Kumar, P. On the path-loss attenuation higher order FEM. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and regime for positive cost and linear scaling of transport Propagation, 54:3, 945-952 (Mar. 2006). capacity in wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Ervin, B., Bernhard, J., Kuchma, D., and Reis, H. Information Theory, 52:6, 2313-2328 (Jun. 2006). Estimation of general corrosion damage to steel Yuksel, S. and Basar, T. Minimum rate coding for linear reinforced mortar using frequency sweeps of guided time-invariant (LTI) systems over noiseless channels. mechanical waves [Review]. Insight, 48:11, 682-692 IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 51:12, (Nov. 2006). 1878-1887 (Dec. 2006). Hesford, A. and Chew, W. A frequency-domain formulation of the Frechet derivative to exploit the Digital Signal and Imaging Processing inherent parallelism of the distorted Born iterative method. Waves in Random and Complex Media, 16:4, Jacob, M., Bresler, Y., Toronov, V., Zhang, X., and 495-508 (Nov. 2006). Webb, A. Level-set algorithm for the reconstruction of functional activation in near-infrared spectroscopic Huff, G. and Bernhard, J. Integration of packaged RF imaging - art. no. 064029. Journal of Biomedical Optics, MEMS switches with radiation pattern reconfigurable 11:6, 64029 (Nov.-Dec. 2006). square spiral microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 54:2 Part 1, 464-469 (Feb. 2006).
95 Ihm, J. and Cangellaris, A. Stability of a hybrid FDTD- Papapolymerou, J. and Bernhard, J. Guest editorial for circuit model for on-chip power-grid switching the special issue on Multifunction Antennas and analysis. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Antenna Systems. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and 48:4, 644-649 (Apr. 2006). Propagation, 54:2 Part 1, 314-316 (Feb. 2006).
Kerby, K. and Bernhard, J. Sidelobe level and wideband Petersson, L. and Jin, J. Analysis of periodic structures behavior of arrays of random subarrays. IEEE via a time-domain finite-element formulation with a Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 54:8, Floquet ABC. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and 2253-2262 (Aug. 2006). Propagation, 54:3, 933-944 (Mar. 2006).
Kourkoulos, V. and Cangellaris, A. Accurate Petersson, L. and Jin, J. A three-dimensional time- approximation of Green's functions in planar stratified domain finite-element formulation for periodic media in terms of a finite sum of spherical and structures. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and cylindrical waves. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 54:1, 12-19 (Jan. 2006). Propagation, 54:5, 1568-1576 (May 2006). Poon, A., Tse, D., and Brodersen, R. Impact of scattering Li, M. and Chew, W. Using tap basis to implement the on the capacity, diversity, and propagation range of equivalence principle algorithm for domain multiple-antenna channels. IEEE Transactions on decomposition in integral equations. Microwave and Information Theory, 52:3, 1087-1100 (Mar. 2006). Optical Technology Letters, 48:11, 2218-2222 (Nov. 2006). Riley, D., Jin, J., Lou, Z., and Petersson, L. Total-and scattered-field decomposition technique for the finite- Li, M., Chew, W., and Jiang, L. A domain decomposition element time-domain method. IEEE Transactions on scheme based on equivalence theorem. Microwave and Antennas and Propagation, 54:1, 35-41 (Jan. 2006). Optical Technology Letters, 48:9, 1853-1857 (Sep. 2006). Saville, M. and Chew, W. Error control for 2D FIPWA Li, Y. and Jin, J. A vector dual-primal finite element in complex, homogeneous media. Journal of tearing and interconnecting method for solving 3-D Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 20:5, 567-581 large-scale electromagnetic problems. IEEE (2006). Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 54:10, 3000-3009 (Oct. 2006). Wang, G., Chew, W., and White, M. Coupled integral equations for sound propagation above a hard ground Lou, Z. and Jin, J. A new explicit time-domain finite- surface with trench cuttings. Journal of the Acoustical element method based on element-level decomposition. Society of America, 120:3, 1209-1216 (Sep. 2006). IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 54:10, 2990-2999 (Oct. 2006). Yilmaz, A., Jin, H., and Michielssen, E. A turbo direct injection engine (TDIE)-based asynchronous Lukashevich, D., Cangellaris, A., and Russer, P. Oblique- electromagnetic-circuit simulator. IEEE Microwave oblique projection in TLM-MOR for high-Q and Wireless Components Letters, 16:3, 122-124 (Mar. structures. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and 2006). Techniques, 54:10, 3712-3720 (Oct. 2006). Zhao, W., Kim, S., Zhang. J., and Adesida, I. Thermally Mao, K., Byun, J., and Jin, J. Enhancing the modeling stable Ge/Ag/Ni ohmic contact for InAlAs/RnGaAs/InP capability of the FE-BI method for simulation of cavity- HIEMTs. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 27:1, 4-6 (Jan. backed antennas and arrays. Electromagnetics, 26:7, 2006). 503-515 (Oct. 2006). Zhu, Y., Kuo, A., and Cangellaris, A. Finite element Ohnuki, S. and Chew, W. Error analysis of the multilevel modeling and multigrid preconditioner using adaptive fast multipole algorithm. Institute of Electronics, triangular meshes. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Information, and Communication Engineers Transactions Components Letters, 16:6, 357-359 (Jun. 2006). on Electronics, E89C:11, 1676-1681 (Nov. 2006).
96 Feng, M., Holonyak, N., James, A., Cimino, K., High Frequency Devices Walter, G., and Chan, R. Carrier lifetime and modulation bandwidth of a quantum well AlGaAs/ Chan, R., Feng, M., Holonyak, N., James, A., and InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs transistor laser - art. no. 113504. Walter, G. Collector current map of gain and Applied Physics Letters, 89:11, 13504 (Sep. 2006). stimulated recombination on the base quantum well transitions of a transistor laser - art. no. 143508. Keogh, D., Asbeck, P., Chung, T., Dupuis, R., and Applied Physics Letters, 88:14, 43508 (Apr. 2006). Feng, M. Digital etching of III-N materials using a two- step Ar/KOH technique. Journal of Electronic Chuang, Y., Cimino, K., Stuenkel, M., Feng, M., Le, M., Materials, 35:4, 771-776 (Apr. 2006). and Milano, R. A wideband InP DHBT true logarithmic amplifier. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Lai, J., Chuang, Y., Cimino, K., and Feng, M. Design of Techniques, 54:11, 3843-3847 (Nov. 2006). variable gain amplifier with gain-bandwidth product up to 354 GHz implemented in InP-InGaAs DHBT Chu-Kung, B., Feng, M., Walter, G., Holonyak, N., technology. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory Chung, T., Ryou, J., Limb, J., Yoo, D., Shen, S., and Techniques, 54:2 Part 1, 599-607 (Feb. 2006). Dupuis, R., Keogh, D., and Asbeck, P. Graded-base InGaN/GaN heterojunction bipolar light-emitting Liao, Y., Lin, G., Kuo, H., Feng, K., and Feng, M. 10-Gb/ transistors - art. no. 082108. Applied Physics Letters, s operation of an In0.53Ga0.47As p-i-n photodiode on 89:8, 82108 (Aug. 2006). metamorphic InGaP buffered semi-insulating GaAs substrate. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Chung, T., Limb, J., Ryou, J., Lee, W., Li, P., Yoo, D., 18:17-20, 1822-1824 (Sep.-Oct. 2006). Zhang, X., Shen, S., Dupuis, R., Keogh, D., Asbeck, P., Chukung, B., Feng, M., Zakharov, D., and Liao, Y., Shi, J., Wu, Y., Kuo, H., Feng, M., and Lin, G. Lilienthal-Weber, Z. Growth of InGaN HBTs by Optically heterodyne diagnosis of a high-saturation- MOCVD. Journal of Electronic Materials, 35:4, power undoped InP sandwiched InGaAs p-i-n 695-700 (Apr. 2006). photodiode grown on GaAs. Optics Express, 14:12, 5031-5037 (Jun. 2006). Chung, T., Limb, J., Yoo, D., Ryou, J., Lee, W., Shen, S., Dupuis, R., Chu-Kung, B., Feng, M., Keogh, D., and Snodgrass, W., Wu, B., Hafez, W., Cheng, K., and Asbeck, P. Device operation of InGaN heterojunction Feng, M. Graded base Type-II InP/GaAsSb DHBT with bipolar transistors with a graded emitter-base design - f(T)=475 GHz. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 27:2, art. no. 183501. Applied Physics Letters, 88:18, 83501 84-86 (Feb. 2006). (May 2006). Snodgrass, W., Wu, B., Hafez, W., Cheng, K., and Feng, M., Holonyak, N., and Walter, G. The transistor Feng, M. Performance enhancement of composition- laser: A natural for optoelectronic integrated circuits. graded-base type-II InP/GaAsSb double- Photonics Spectra, 40:7, 64 (Jul. 2006). heterojunction bipolar transistors with f(T)> 500 GHz - art. no. 222101. Applied Physics Letters, 88:22, 22101 Feng, M., Holonyak, N., Chan, R., James, A., and (May 2006). Walter, G. High-speed (>= 1 GHz) electrical and optical adding, mixing, and processing of square-wave signals Wu, B., Chu-Kung, B., Feng, M., and Cheng, K. High with a transistor laser. IEEE Photonics Technology performance GaAsSb/InP double heterojunction Letters, 18:9-12, 1240-1242 (May-Jun. 2006). bipolar transistors grown-by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. Journal of Vacuum Science and Feng, M., Holonyak, N., Chan, R., James, A., and Technology B, 24:3, 1564-1567 (May-Jun. 2006). Walter, G. Signal mixing in a multiple input transistor laser near threshold - art. no. 063509. Applied Physics Letters, 88:6, 63509 (Feb. 2006).
97 Sun, J., Carney, P., and Schotland, J. Near-field scanning Optical Imaging optical tomography: A nondestructive method for three-dimensional nanoscale imaging. IEEE Journal of Jones, G., Marks, D., Vinegoni, C., and Boppart, S. High- Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 12:6 Part 1, spectral-resolution coherent anti-Stokes Raman 1072-1082 (Nov.-Dec. 2006). scattering with interferometric ally detected broadband chirped pulses. Optics Letters, 31:10, Tan, W., Oldenburg, A., Norman, J., Desai, T., and 1543-1545 (May 2006). Boppart, S. Optical coherence tomography of cell dynamics in three-dimensional tissue models. Optics Luo, W., Marks, D., Ralston, T., and Boppart, S. Three- Express, 14:16, 7159-7171 (Aug. 2006). dimensional optical coherence tomography of the embryonic murine cardiovascular system - art. no. Vinegoni, C., Ralston, T., Tan, W., Luo, W., Marks, D., 021014. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 11:2, 21014 (Mar.- and Boppart, S. Integrated structural and functional Apr. 2006). optical imaging combining spectral-domain optical coherence and multiphoton microscopy - art. no. Marks, D., Ralston, T., Carney, P., and Boppart, S. Inverse 053901. Applied Physics Letters, 88:5, 53901 (Jan. 2006). scattering for rotationally scanned optical coherence tomography. Journal of the Optical Society of America Xu, C., Vinegoni, C., Ralston, T., Luo, W., Tan, W., and A-Optics and Image Science, 23:10, 2433-2439 (Oct. Boppart, S. Spectroscopic spectral-domain optical 2006). coherence microscopy. Optics Letters, 31:8, 1079-1081 (Apr. 2006). Oldenburg, A., Hansen, M., Zweifel, D., Wei, A., and Boppart, S. Plasmon-resonant gold nanorods as low Zysk, A. and Boppart, S. Computational methods for backscattering albedo contrast agents for optical analysis of human breast tumor tissue in optical coherence tomography. Optics Express, 14:15, coherence tomography images - art. no. 054015. 6724-6738 (Jul. 2006). Journal of Biomedical Optics, 11:5, 54015 (Sep.-Oct. 2006). Panasyuk, G., Markel, V., Carney, P., and Schotland, J. Nonlinear inverse scattering and three-dimensional near-field optical imaging - art. no. 221116. Applied Optical Physics and Engineering Physics Letters, 89:22, 21116 (Nov. 2006). Becker, K., Schoenbach, K., and Eden, J. Microplasmas Pasquesi, J., Schlachter, S., Boppart, M., Chaney, E., and applications [Review]. Journal of Physics D-Applied Kaufman, S., and Boppart, S. In vivo detection of Physics, 39:3, R55-R70 (Feb. 2006). exercise-induced ultrastructural changes in genetically-altered murine skeletal muscle using Block, I., Chan, L., and Cunningham, B. Photonic crystal polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. optical biosensor incorporating structured low-index Optics Express, 14:4, 1547-1556 (Feb. 2006). porous dielectric. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 120:1, 187-193 (Dec. 2006). Ralston, T., Marks, D., Boppart, S., and Carney, P. Inverse scattering for high-resolution interferometric Chan, L., Cunningham, B., Li, P., and Puff, D. A self- microscopy. Optics Letters, 31:24, 3585-3587 (Dec. referencing method for microplate label-free photonic- 2006). crystal biosensors. IEEE Sensors Journal, 6:6, 1551-1556 (Dec. 2006). Ralston, T., Marks, D., Carney, P., and Boppart, S. Inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography. Journal Chen, K., Ostrom, N., Park, S., and Eden, J. One quarter of the Optical Society of America A-Optics and Image million (500x500) pixel arrays of silicon microcavity Science, 23:5, 1027-1037 (May 2006). plasma devices: Luminous efficacy above 6 lumens/ watt with Ne/50% Xe mixtures and a green phosphor - art. no. 061121. Applied Physics Letters, 88:6, 61121 (Feb. 2006).
98 Choi, C. and Cunningham, B. Single-step fabrication and Park, S., Kim, K., and Eden, J. Ultraviolet emission characterization of photonic crystal biosensors with intensity, visible luminance, and electrical polymer microfluidic channels. Lab on a Chip, 6:10, characteristics of small arrays of Al/Al2O3 microcavity 1373-1380 (Oct. 2006). plasma devices operating in Ar/N-2 or Ne at high-power loadings - art. no. 026107. Journal of Applied Physics, Dobbs, D. and Cunningham, B. Optically tunable 99:2, 26107 (Jan. 2006). guided-mode resonance filter. Applied Optics, 45:28, 7286-7293 (Oct. 2006). Park, S., Kim, K., Chang, A., Hua, L., Asinugo, J., Mehrotra, T., Spinka, T., and Eden, J. Confinement of Dobbs, D., Gershkovich, I., and Cunningham, B. nonequilibrium plasmas in microcavities with diamond Fabrication of a graded-wavelength guided-mode or circular cross sections: Sealed arrays of Al/Al2O3/ resonance filter photonic crystal - art. no. 123113. glass microplasma devices with radiating areas above Applied Physics Letters, 89:12, 23113 (Sep. 2006). 20 cm(2) - art. no. 221501. Applied Physics Letters, 89:22, 21501 (Nov. 2006). Eden, J. Information display early in the 21st century: Overview of selected emissive display technologies. Park, S., Spinka, T., and Eden, J. Linear arrays of Proceedings of the IEEE, 94:3, 567-574 (Mar. 2006). ceramic microcavity plasma devices (127-180 mu m diameter) driven by buried coplanar electrodes: Eden, J. and Park, S. New opportunities for plasma Shaping the intracavity electric field and emission science in nonequilibrium, low-temperature plasmas profile - art. no. 031502. Applied Physics Letters, 89:3, confined to microcavities: There's plenty of room at the 31502 (Jul. 2006). bottom - art. no. 057101. Physics of Plasmas, 13:5, 57101 (May 2006). Seo, J. and Eden, J. Two-dimensional simulation of ac- driven microplasmas confined to 100-300 mu m Eden, J., Park, S., and Kim, K. Arrays of nonequilibrium diameter cylindrical microcavities in dielectric barrier plasmas confined to microcavities: An emerging devices - art. no. 123302. Journal of Applied Physics, frontier in plasma science and its applications. Plasma 100:12, 23302 (Dec. 2006). Sources Science and Technology, 15:2, S67-S73 (May 2006). Wagner, C. and Eden, J. Gerade Rydberg states of Xe-2 probed by laser spectroscopy in the afterglow of a Xe Ganesh, N. and Cunningham, B. Photonic-crystal near- microplasma: Omega(g)LARR;a(3)Sigma(+)(u)(1 ultraviolet reflectance filters fabricated by nanoreplica (u),O-u(-)) transitions in the near-infrared (675-800 molding - art. no. 071110. Applied Physics Letters, nm). Chemical Physics Letters, 422:4-6, 372-377 (May 88:7, 71110 (Feb. 2006). 2006).
Ganesh, N., Block, I., and Cunningham, B. Near ultraviolet-wavelength photonic-crystal biosensor with Optoelectronics enhanced surface-to-bulk sensitivity ratio - art. no. 023901. Applied Physics Letters, 89:2, 23901 (Jul. 2006). Chang-Hasnain, C. and Chuang, S. Slow and fast light in semiconductor quantum-well and quantum-dot Lin, B., Li, P., and Cunningham, B. A label-free devices. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 24:12, biosensor-based cell attachment assay for 4642-4654 (Dec. 2006). characterization of cell surface molecules. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 114:2, 559-564 (Apr. 2006). Chao, C., Chuang, S., and Wu, T. Theoretical demonstration of enhancement of light extraction of Park, S., Eden, J., Jain, K., and Klosner, M. Flexible flip-chip GaN light-emitting diodes with photonic arrays of Ni/polyimide/Cu microplasma devices with a crystals - art. no. 091116. Applied Physics Letters, 89:9, dielectric barrier and excimer laser ablated 91116 (Aug. 2006). microcavities. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers, Short Notes, Review Papers, 45:10B, 8221-8224 (Oct. 2006).
99 Chen, C., Leisher, P., Allerman, A., Geib, K., and Kim, J. and Chuang, S. Theoretical and experimental Choquette, K. Temperature analysis of threshold study of optical gain, refractive index change, and current in infrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting linewidth enhancement factor of p-doped quantum-dot lasers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 42:9-10, lasers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 42:9-10, 1078-1083 (Sep.-Oct. 2006). 942-952 (Sep.-Oct. 2006).
Choi, W., Kim, D., Choi, Y., Choquette, K., Lee, S., and Kim, J., Su, H., Minin, S., and Chuang, S. Comparison Woo, D. Optical AND/OR gates based on of linewidth enhancement factor between P-doped and monolithically integrated vertical cavity laser with undoped quantum-dot lasers. IEEE Photonics depleted optical thyristor structure. Optics Express, Technology Letters, 18:9-12, 1022-1024 (May-Jun. 2006). 14:24, 11833-11838 (Nov. 2006). Kim, T., Leisher, P., Danner, A., Wirth, R., Streubel, K., Choi, W., Kim, D., Moon, Y., Choi, Y., Kim, Y., and Choquette, K. Photonic crystal structure effect on Choquette, K., Lee, S., and Woo, D. Optical properties the enhancement in the external quantum efficiency of of selectively oxidized vertical cavity laser with a red LED. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, depleted optical thyristor structure - art. no. 121117. 18:17-20, 1876-1878 (Sep.-Oct. 2006). Applied Physics Letters, 89:12, 21117 (Sep. 2006). Le Rouzo, J., Ribet-Mohamed, I., Guerineau, N., Danner, A., Raftery, J., Leisher, P., and Choquette, K. Haidar, R., Tauvy, M., Rosencher, E., and Chuang, S. Van Single mode photonic crystal vertical cavity lasers - art. Hove singularities in intersubband transitions in no. 091114. Applied Physics Letters, 88:9, 91114 (Feb. multiquantum well photodetectors - art. no. 091117. 2006). Applied Physics Letters, 88:9, 91117 (Feb. 2006).
Fisher, M. and Chuang, S. Asymmetric nonlinear Lehman, A., Raftery, J., and Choquette, K. Photonic transmission spectra of Fabry-Perot laser amplifiers. crystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 18:1-4, 409-411 Journal of Modern Optics, 53:16-17, 2303-2308 (Nov. (Jan.-Feb. 2006). 2006).
Fisher, M. and Chuang, S. Microwave photonic phase- Lehman, A., Raftery, J., Danner, A., Leisher, P., and shifter based on wavelength conversion in a DFB laser. Choquette, K. Relative phase tuning of coupled defects IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 18:13-16, in photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting 1714-1716 (Jul.-Aug. 2006). lasers - art. no. 021102. Applied Physics Letters, 88:2, 21102 (Jan. 2006). Grasso, D., Choquette, K., Serkland, D., Peake, G., and Geib, K. High slope efficiency measured from a Leisher, P. and Choquette, K. Photonic crystals enable composite-resonator vertical-cavity laser. IEEE single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Photonics Technology Letters, 18:9-12, 1019-1021 (May- Photonics Spectra, 40:6, 94 (Jun. 2006). Jun. 2006). Leisher, P., Danner, A., and Choquette, K. Single-mode Grasso, D., Serkland, D., Peake, G., Geib, K., and 1.3-mu m photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface- Choquette, K. Direct modulation characteristics of emitting laser. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, composite resonator vertical-cavity lasers. IEEE 18:17-20, 2156-2158 (Sep.-Oct. 2006). Journal of Quantum Electronics, 42:11-12, 1248-1254 (Nov.-Dec. 2006). Leisher, P., Danner, A., Raftery, J., Siriani, D., and Choquette, K. Loss and index guiding in single-mode Jin, X. and Chuang, S. Bandwidth enhancement of proton-implanted holey vertical-cavity surface- Fabry-Perot quantum-well lasers by injection-locking. emitting lasers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Solid-State Electronics, 50:6, 1141-1149 (Jun. 2006). 42:9-10, 1091-1096 (Sep.-Oct. 2006).
Kim, J. and Chuang, S. Small-signal cross-gain Leisher, P., Raftery, J., Kasten, A., and Choquette, K. Etch modulation of quantum-dot semiconductor optical damage and deposition repair of vertical-cavity amplifiers. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, surface-emitting lasers. Journal of Vacuum Science and 18:21-24, 2538-2540 (Nov.-Dec. 2006). Technology B, 24:1, 104-107 (Jan.-Feb. 2006).
100 Raftery, J., Lehman, A., Danner, A., Leisher, P., Davoudi, A., Jatskevich, I., and Chapman, P. Simple Giannopoulos, A., and Choquette, K. In-phase method of including conduction losses for average evanescent coupling of two-dimensional arrays of modelling of switched-inductor cells. Electronics defect cavities in photonic crystal vertical cavity Letters, 42:21, 1246-1248 (Oct. 2006). surface emitting lasers - art. no. 081119. Applied Physics Letters, 89:8, 81119 (Aug. 2006). Esram, T., Kimball, J., Krein, P., Chapman, P., and Midya, P. Dynamic maximum power point tracking of Samakkulam, K., Sulkin, J., Giannopoulos, A., and photovoltaic arrays using ripple correlation control. Choquette, K. Micro-fluidic photonic crystal vertical IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 21:5, cavity surface emitting laser. Electronics Letters, 1282-1291 (Sep. 2006). 42:14, 809-811 (Jul. 2006). Grant, P., Starr, C., and Overbye, T. Power grid for the Su, H. and Chuang, S. Room-temperature slow light hydrogen economy. Scientific American, 295:1, 76-83 with semiconductor quantum-dot devices. Optics (Jul. 2006). Letters, 31:2, 271-273 (Jan. 2006). Hong, S., Chapman, P., Krein, P., and Kim, K. Selective- Su, H. and Chuang, S. Room temperature slow and fast area growth and fabrication of recessed-gate GaN light in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers MESFET using plasma-assisted molecular beam - art. no. 061102. Applied Physics Letters, 88:6, 61102 epitaxy. Physica Status Solidi A-Applications and (Feb. 2006). Materials Science, 203:7, 1872-1875 (May 2006).
Su, H., Kondratko, P., and Chuang, S. Variable optical Kimball, J., Krein, P., and Chen, Y. Hysteresis and delta delay using population oscillation and four-wave- modulation control of converters using sensorless mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers. Optics current mode. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Express, 14:11, 4800-4807 (May 2006). 21:4, 1154-1158 (Jul. 2006).
Yang, M., Chen, H., Webb, K., Minin, S., Chuang, S., Kwasinski, A. and Krein, P. An integrated 42-V drive and Cueva, G. Demonstration of mode conversion in an design for automobile loads with a low-distortion irregular waveguide. Optics Letters, 31:3, 383-385 (Feb. overmodulation strategy. IEEE Transactions on Power 2006). Electronics, 21:3, 648-658 (May 2006).
Zhang, X., Ryou, J., Dupuis, R., Mou, S., Chuang, S., Pai, M. Knowledge economy and higher technical Xu, C., and Hsieh, K. Metal organic chemical vapor education. Current Science, 91:1, 20-21 (Jul. 2006). deposition of metaphorphic InAs-GaSb superlattices on (001) GaAs substrates for mid-IR photodetector Qu, L. and Chapman, P. Extraction of low-order non- applications. Journal of Crystal Growth, 287:2, linear inductor models from a high-order physics- 545-549 (Jan. 2006). based representation. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 21:3, 813-817 (May 2006). Zhang, X., Ryou, J., Dupuis, R., Petschke, A., Mou, S., Chuang, S., Xu, C., and Hsieh, K. Metalorganic chemical Sorchini, Z. and Krein, P. Formal derivation of direct vapor deposition growth of high-quality InAs/GaSb torque control for induction machines. IEEE type II superlattices on (001) GaAs substrates - art. no. Transactions on Power Electronics, 21:5, 1428-1436 (Sep. 072104. Applied Physics Letters, 88:7, 72104 (Feb. 2006). 2006).
Zheng, K., Lee, A., Bentsman, J., and Krein, P. High Power and Energy Systems performance robust linear controller synthesis for an induction motor using a multi-objective hybrid control Cheng, X. and Overbye, T. An energy reference bus strategy. Nonlinear Analysis-Theory Methods & independent LMP decomposition algorithm. IEEE Applications, 65:11, 2061-2081 (Dec. 2006). Transactions on Power Systems, 21:3, 1041-1049 (Aug. 2006).
101 Reliable and High-Performance Remote Sensing
Computing Atkinson, I., Kamalabadi, F., Mohan, S., and Jones, D. Asymptotically optimal blind estimation of Barnes, R., Ryoo, S., Hwu, W., and Hwu, W. Tolerating multichannel images. IEEE Transactions of Image cache-miss latency with multipass pipelines. IEEE Processing, 15:4, 992-1007 (Apr. 2006). Micro, 26:1, 40-47 (Jan.-Feb. 2006). Chu, X., Espy, P., Nott, G., Diettrich, J., and Gardner, C. Basile, C., Kalbarczyk, Z., and Iyer, R. Active replication Polar mesospheric clouds observed by an iron of multithreaded applications. IEEE Transactions on Boltzmann lidar at Rothera (67.5 degrees S, 68.0 Parallel and Distributed Systems, 17:5, 448-465 (May degrees W), Antarctica from 2002 to 2005: Properties 2006). and implications - art. no. D20213. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 111:D20, 20213 Chen, S., Xu, J., Kalbarczyk, Z., and Iyer, R. Security (Oct. 2006). vulnerabilities: From analysis to detection and masking techniques. Proceedings of the IEEE, 94:2, 407-418 (Feb. Comberiate, J., Kamalabadi, F., and Paxton, L. 2006). Tomographic imaging of equatorial plasma bubbles - art. no. L15805. Geophysical Research Letters, 33:15, Joo, C., Bahk, S., and Lumetta, S. A hybrid active queue 15805 (Aug. 2006). management for stability and fast adaptation. Journal of Communications and Networks, 8:1, 93-105 (Mar. Espy, P., Hibbins, R., Swenson, G., Tang, J., Taylor, M., 2006). Riggin, D., and Fritts, D. Regional variations of mesospheric gravity-wave momentum flux over Loui, M. Assessment of an engineering ethics video: Antarctica. Annales Geophysicae-Atmospheres Incident at Morales. Journal of Engineering Education, Hydrospheres and Space Sciences, 24:1, 81-88 (2006). 95:1, 85-91 (Jan. 2006). Kelley, M., de la Beaujardiere, O., Retterer, J., and Loui, M. Commentary on "An analytical hierarchy Makela, J. Introduction to special section on process model to apportion co-author responsibility". Communications/Navigation Forecasting System: A Science and Engineering Ethics, 12:3, 567-570 (Jul. 2006). next step in space weather - art. no. S12C01. Space Weather: The International Journal of Research and Pae, S. and Loui, M. Randomizing functions: Simulation Applications, 3:12, C1201 (Dec. 2006). of a discrete probability distribution using a source of unknown distribution. IEEE Transactions on Lavarello, R., Kamalabadi, F., and O'Brien, W. A Information Theory, 52:11, 4965-4976 (Nov. 2006). regularized inverse approach to ultrasonic pulse-echo imaging. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 25:6, Pal, P., Rubel, P., Atighetchi, M., Webber, F., 712-722 (Jun. 2006). Sanders, W., Seri, M., Ramasamy, H., Lyons, J., Courtney, T., Agbaria, A., Cukier, M., Gossett, J., and Makela, J. A review of imaging low-latitude ionospheric Keidar, I. An architecture for adaptive intrusion- irregularity processes. Journal of Atmospheric and tolerant applications. Software–Practice and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 68:13, 1441-1458 (Sep. 2006). Experience, 36:11-12, 1331-1354 (Sep.-Oct. 2006). Makela, J. and Chau, J. The 11th International Sanders, W. Modelling techniques and tools for Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy (ISEA-11), computer performance evaluation. Performance Taipei, May 2005. Annales Geophysicae-Atmospheres Evaluation, 63:6, 521-523 (Jun. 2006). Hydrospheres and Space Sciences, 24:5, 1279-1280 (2006).
102 Makela, J., Kelley, M., and Nicolls, M. Optical observations of the development of secondary Semiconductors instabilities on the eastern wall of an equatorial plasma Austing, D., Yu, G., Melnikov, D., Leburton, J., and bubble - art. no. A09311. Journal of Geophysical Tarucha, S. Few-electron spin and charge Research-Space Physics, 111:A9, 9311 (Sep. 2006). configurations in circular and rectangular vertical Makela, J., Kelley, M., and Su, S. Simultaneous quantum dot mesas in a magnetic field: Experiment observations of convective ionospheric storms: and full three-dimensional self-consistent simulations. ROCSAT-1 and ground-based imagers - art. no. Physica E - Low-Dimensional Systems and S12C02. Space Weather: The International Journal of Nanostructures, 32:1-2, 395-398 (May 2006). Research and Applications, 3:12, C1202 (Dec. 2006). Bi, X., East, J., Ravaioli, U., and Haddad, G. Analysis and design of Si terahertz transit-time diodes. Solid-State Semiconductor Lasers Electronics, 50:5, 889-896 (May 2006).
Ghong, T., Kim, Y., Aspnes, D., Klein, M., Ko, D., Bullen, D. and Liu, C. Electrostatically actuated dip pen Kim, Y., Elarde, V., and Coleman, J. Interface analysis nanolithography probe arrays. Sensors and Actuators of an AlGaAs multilayer system by using spectroscopic A-Physical, 125:2, 504-511 (Jan. 2006). ellipsometry. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 48:6, 1601-1605 (Jun. 2006). Chiesl, T., Putz, K., Babu, M., Mathias, P., Shaikh, K., Goluch, E., Liu, C., and Barron, A. Self-associating block Price, R., Borchardt, J., Elarde, V., Swint, R., and copolymer networks for microchip electrophoresis Coleman, J. Narrow-linewidth asymmetric cladding provide enhanced DNA separation via "inchworm" distributed Bragg reflector semiconductor lasers at 850 chain dynamics. Analytical Chemistry, 78:13, nm. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 18:1-4, 97-99 4409-4415 (Jul. 2006). (Jan.-Feb. 2006). Engel, J., Chen, J., and Liu, C. Strain sensitivity Price, R., Elarde, V., and Coleman, J. Widely tunable enhancement of thin metal film strain gauges on 850-nm metal-filled asymmetric cladding distributed polymer microscale structures - art. no. 221907. Bragg reflector lasers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Applied Physics Letters, 89:22, 21907 (Nov. 2006). Electronics, 42:7-8, 667-674 (Jul.-Aug. 2006). Engel, J., Chen, J., Liu, C., and Bullen, D. Polyurethane rubber all-polymer artificial hair cell sensor. Journal Semiconductor Physics of Microelectromechanical Systems, 15:4, 729-736 (Aug. 2006). Barraza-Lopez, S., Albrecht, P., Romero, N., and Hess, K. Ab initio study of semiconducting carbon Goluch, E., Nam, J., Georganopoulou, D., Chiesl, T., nanotubes adsorbed on the Si(100) surface: Diameter- Shaikh, K., Ryu, K., Barron, A., Mirkin, C., and Liu, C. and registration-dependent atomic configurations and A bio-barcode assay for on-chip attomolar-sensitivity electronic properties - art. no. 124304. Journal of protein detection. Lab on a Chip, 6:10, 1293-1299 (Oct. Applied Physics, 100:12, 24304 (Dec. 2006). 2006).
Hess, K., Philipp, W., and Aschwanden, M. What is Gracheva, M., Aksimentiev, A., and Leburton, J. quantum information? [Review]. International Journal Electrical signatures of single-stranded DNA with of Quantum Information, 4:4, 585-625 (Aug. 2006). single base mutations in a nanopore capacitor. Nanotechnology, 17:13, 3160-3165 (Jul. 2006). Lee, J., Lee, Y., and Hess, K. A thorough study of hydrogen-related gate oxide degradation in deep Guo, B., Ravaioli, U., and Staedele, M. Full band Monte submicron MOSFET's with deuterium treatment Carlo calculations of velocity-field characteristics of process. Solid-State Electronics, 50:2, 149-154 (Feb. wurtzite ZnO. Computer Physics Communications, 2006). 175:7, 482-486 (Oct. 2006).
103 Hossain, T., MacLaren, S., Engel, J., Liu, C., Adesida, I., Melnikov, D. and Leburton, J. Dimensionality effects in and Okojie, R. The fabrication of suspended the two-electron system in circular and elliptic micromechanical structures from bulk 6H-SiC using quantum dots - art. no. 085320. Physical Review B, an ICP-RIE system. Journal of Micromechanics and 7308:8, 5320 (Feb. 2006). Microengineering, 16:4, 751-756 (Apr. 2006). Melnikov, D. and Leburton, J. Single-particle state Kim, J., Matagne, P., Leburton, J., Martin, R., mixing in two-electron double quantum dots - art. no. Hatano, T., and Tarucha, S. Engineering quantum 155301. Physical Review B, 7315:15, 5301 (Apr. 2006). confinement and orbital couplings in laterally coupled vertical quantum dots for spintronic applications. Melnikov, D., Leburton, J., Taha, A., and Sobh, N. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 5:4, 343-349 (Jul. Coulomb localization and exchange modulation in two- 2006). electron coupled quantum dots - art. no. 041309. Physical Review B, 7404:4, 1309 (Jul. 2006). Kim, J., Melnikov, D., Leburton, J., Austing, D., and Tarucha, S. Spin charging sequences in three colinear Robinson, S., Kline, J., Wheelwright, H., Tucker, J., laterally coupled vertical quantum dots - art. no. Yang, C., Du, R., Volland, B., Rangelow, I., and Shen, T. 035307. Physical Review B, 7403:3, 5307 (Jul. 2006). Electron transport in laterally confined phosphorus delta layers in silicon - art. no. 153311. Physical Review Kuroda, M. and Leburton, J. Joule heating induced B, 7415:15, 3311 (Oct. 2006). negative differential resistance in freestanding metallic carbon nanotubes - art. no. 103102. Applied Physics Rozhok, S., Fan, Z., Nyamjav, D., Liu, C., Mirkin, C., Letters, 89:10, 3102 (Sep. 2006). and Holz, R. Attachment of motile bacterial cells to prealigned holed microarrays. Langmuir, 22:26, Kwon, H. and Ravaioli, U. Simulation of electronic/ionic 11251-11254 (Dec. 2006). mixed conduction in solid ionic memory devices. Microelectronics Journal, 37:10, 1047-1051 (Oct. 2006). Ryu, K., Shaikh, K., Goluch, E., and Liu, C. Two-terminal longitudinal hotwire sensor for monitoring the position Lei, P., Yang, C., Wu, M., Wu, M., Cheng, K., Lin, C., and speed of advancing liquid fronts in microfluidic and Ho, W. Effects of n-type modulation-doping channels - art. no. 104104. Applied Physics Letters, barriers and a linear graded-composition GaInAsP 88:10, 4104 (Mar. 2006). intermediate layer on the 1.3 mu m AlGaInAs/ AlGaInAs strain-compensated multiple-quantum-well Salaita, K., Wang, Y., Fragala, J., Vega, R., Liu, C., and laser diodes. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology Mirkin, C. Massively parallel dip-pen nanolithography B, 24:2, 623-628 (Mar.-Apr. 2006). with 55000-pen two-dimensional arrays. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 45:43, 7220-7223 (2006). Li, S., Shaikh, K., Szegedi, S., Goluch, E., and Liu, C. Micromachined inking chip for scanning probe Tehranchi, F., Leburton, J., and Thean, A. A double gate nanolithography using local thermal vapor inking metal-oxide-semiconductor structure for modulation method - art. no. 173125. Applied Physics Letters, of the hyperfine interaction in phosphorous-doped Si 89:17, 73125 (Oct. 2006). device - art. no. 126106. Journal of Applied Physics, 100:12, 26106 (Dec. 2006). Li, Y., Ravaioli, U., and Rotkin, S. Metal-semiconductor transition and Fermi velocity renormalization in Tsai, C., Xu, C., Hsieh, K., and Cheng, K. Growth metallic carbon nanotubes - art. no. 035415. Physical optimization of InGaAs quantum wires for infrared Review B, 7303:3, 5415 (Jan. 2006). photodetector applications. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 24:3, 1527-1531 (May-Jun. 2006). Lyeo, H., Cahill, D., Lee, B., Abelson, J., Kwon, M., Kim, K., Bishop, S., and Cheong, B. Thermal van der Straaten, T., Kathawala, G., and Ravaioli, U. conductivity of phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 - Device engineering approaches to the simulation of art. no. 151904. Applied Physics Letters, 89:15, 51904 charge transport in biological ion channels. Journal of (Oct. 2006). Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 3:1, 42-62 (Feb. 2006).
104 Wu, B., Cheng, K., Xu, C., and Hsieh, K. Formation and Jana, S. and Moulin, P. Optimality of KLT for high-rate property of InSb self-assembled quantum dots on transform coding of Gaussian vector-scale mixtures: GaAsSb lattice matched to InP. Journal of Vacuum Application to reconstruction, estimation, and Science and Technology B, 24:3, 1660-1664 (May-Jun. classification. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2006). 52:9, 4049-4067 (Sep. 2006).
Zhang, L., Melnikov, D., and Leburton, J. Exchange Lam, C. and Singer, A. Bayesian beamforming for DOA interaction and stability diagram of coupled quantum uncertainty: Theory and implementation. IEEE dots in magnetic fields - art. no. 205306. Physical Review Transactions on Signal Processing, 54:11, 4435-4445 B, 7420:20, 5306 (Nov. 2006). (Nov. 2006).
Zhang, Z. and Cheng, K. Growth of high quality InAs Liu, T., Moulin, P., and Koetter, R. On error exponents quantum-dot multilayer structures on InP for infrared of module lattice additive noise channels. IEEE photodetector applications. Journal of Vacuum Science Transactions on Information Theory, 52:2, 454-471 (Feb. and Technology B, 24:3, 1656-1659 (May-Jun. 2006). 2006).
Zhang, Z., Cheng, K., Xu, C., and Hsieh, K. Defect-free Lockwood, M. and Jones, D. Beamformer performance 100-layer strain-balanced InAs quantum dot structure with acoustic vector sensors in air. Journal of the grown on InP substrate - art. no. 063115. Applied Acoustical Society of America, 119:1, 608-619 (Jan. 2006). Physics Letters, 89:6, 63115 (Aug. 2006). Melendez, K., Jones, D., and Feng, A. Classification of communication signals of the little brown bat. Journal Signal and Image Processing of the Acoustical Society of America, 120:2, 1095-1102 (Aug. 2006). Chen, K., Hasegawa-Johnson, M., Cohen, A., Borys, S., Kim, S., Cole, J., and Choi, J. Prosody dependent speech Pancheva, D., Mukhtarov, P., Shepherd, M., Mitchell, N., recognition on radio news corpus of American English. Fritts, D., Riggin, D., Franke, S., Batista, P., Abdu, M., IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Batista, I., Clemesha, B., and Kikuchi, T. Two-day wave Processing, 14:1, 232-245 (Jan. 2006). coupling of the low-latitude atmosphere-ionosphere system - art. no. A07313. Journal of Geophysical Chen, T., Yin, W., Zhou, X., Comaniciu, D., and Research–Space Physics, 111:A7, 7313 (Jul. 2006). Huang, T. Total variation models for variable lighting face recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis Pandya, S., Yang, Y., Jones, D., Engel, J., and Liu, C. and Machine Intelligence, 28:9, 1519-1524 (Sep. 2006). Multisensor processing algorithms for underwater dipole localization and tracking using MEMS artificial Chen, Y., Rui, Y., and Huang, T. Multicue HMM-UKF lateral-line sensors - art. no. 76593. Eurasip Journal on for real-time contour tracking. IEEE Transactions on Applied Signal Processing, 2006:Special Issue SI, 76593 Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 28:9, (Jul. 2006). 1525-1529 (Sep. 2006). Po, D. and Do, M. Directional multiscale modeling of Da Cunha, A., Zhou, J., and Do, M. The nonsubsampled images using the contourlet transform. IEEE contourlet transform: Theory, design, and Transactions of Image Processing, 15:6, 1610-1620 (Jun. applications. IEEE Transactions of Image Processing, 2006). 15:10, 3089-3101 (Oct. 2006). Riggin, D., Liu, H., Lieberman, R., Roble, R., Russell, J., Huang, Y., Pollak, I., Bouman, C., and Do, M. Best basis Mertens, C., Mlynczak, M., Pancheva, D., Franke, S., search in lapped dictionaries. IEEE Transactions on Murayama, Y., Manson, A., Meek, C., and Vincent, R. Signal Processing, 54:2, 651-664 (Feb. 2006). Observations of the 5-day wave in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar- Huang, Y., Pollak, I., Do, M., and Bouman, C. Fast search Terrestrial Physics, 68:3-5, 323-339 (Feb. 2006). for best representations in multitree dictionaries. IEEE Transactions of Image Processing, 15:7, 1779-1793 (Jul. 2006).
105 Wu, Q., Killeen, T., Ortland, D., Solomon, S., Walter, G., James, A., Holonyak, N., Feng, M., and Gablehouse, R., Johnson, R., Skinner, W., Chan, R. Collector breakdown in the heterojunction Niciejewski, R., and Franke, S. TIMED Doppler bipolar transistor laser - art. no. 232105. Applied interferometer (TIDI) observations of migrating Physics Letters, 88:23, 32105 (Jun. 2006). diurnal and semidiurnal tides. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 68:3-5, 408-417 (Feb. Zhang, X., Heller, R., Ryou, J., Dupuis, R., Walter, G., 2006). and Holonyak, N. Growth of InP self-assembled quantum dots on strained and strain-relaxed In-x Xu, D. and Do, M. On the number of rectangular tilings. (Al0.6Ga0.4)(1-x)P matrices by metal-organic chemical IEEE Transactions of Image Processing, 15:10, vapor deposition - art. no. 043511. Journal of Applied 3225-3230 (Oct. 2006). Physics, 100:4, 43511 (Aug. 2006).
Ye, J., Moulin, P., and Bresler, Y. Asymptotic global Zhang, X., Ryou, J., Dupuis, R., He, L., Hull, R., confidence regions for 3-D parametric shape estimation Walter, G., and Holonyak, N. Effect of thin strain- in inverse problems. IEEE Transactions of Image compensated Al0.6Ga0.4P layers on the growth of Processing, 15:10, 2904-2919 (Oct. 2006). multiple-stacked InP/In0.5Al0.3Ga0.2P quantum dots. Journal of Electronic Materials, 35:4, 701-704 (Apr. Yuan, W., Nahrstedt, K., Adve, S., Jones, D., and 2006). Kravets, R. GRACE-1: Cross-layer adaptation for multimedia quality and battery energy. IEEE Zhang, X., Ryou, J., Dupuis, R., Walter, G., and Transactions on Mobile Computing, 5:7, 799-815 (Jul. Holonyak, N. Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition 2006). growth and characterization of InGaP/GaAs superlattices. Journal of Electronic Materials, 35:4, Zhang, T., Hasegawa-Johnson, M., and Levinson, S. 705-710 (Apr. 2006). Cognitive state classification in a spoken tutorial dialogue system. Speech Communication, 48:6, 616-632 (Jun. 2006). Thin Films and Charged Particles
Zhang, X., Liu, Y., and Huang, T. Motion analysis of Gu, W., Choi, H., and Kim, K. Universal approach to articulated objects from monocular images. IEEE accurate resistivity measurement for a single nanowire: Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Theory and application - art. no. 253102. Applied Intelligence, 28:4, 625-636 (Apr. 2006). Physics Letters, 89:25, 53102 (Dec. 2006).
Zhou, J. and Do, M. Multidimensional multichannel Hong, S. and Kim, K. Low-resistance Ohmic contacts finite impulse response (FIR) deconvolution using for high-power GaN field-effect transistors obtained by Grobner bases. IEEE Transactions of Image Processing, selective area growth using plasma-assisted molecular 15:10, 2998-3007 (Oct. 2006). beam epitaxy - art. no. 042101. Applied Physics Letters, 89:4, 42101 (Jul. 2006). Zhou, J., Do, M., and Kovacevic, J. Special paraunitary matrices, Cayley transform, and multidimensional Kim, S. and Adesida, I. 0.15-mu m-gate InAlAs/InGaAs/ orthogonal filter banks. IEEE Transactions of Image InP E-HEMTs utilizing Ir/Ti/Pt/Au gate structure. Processing, 15:2, 511-519 (Feb. 2006). IEEE Electron Device Letters, 27:11, 873-876 (Nov. 2006).
Solid State Devices Park, S., Lim, S., and Choi, H. Chemical vapor deposition of iron and iron oxide thin films from Fe(II) Dixon, F., Chan, R., Walter, G., Holonyak, N., Feng, M., dihydride complexes. Chemistry of Materials, 18:22, Zhang, X., Ryou, J., and Dupuis, R. Visible spectrum 5150-5152 (Oct. 2006). light-emitting transistors - art. no. 012108. Applied Physics Letters, 88:1, 12108 (Jan. 2006).
Holonyak, N. and Feng, M. The transistor laser. IEEE Spectrum, 43:2, 50-55 (Feb. 2006).
106 Chunyu, G. and Ahuja, N. A refractive camera for Tunneling Microscopy acquiring stereo and super-resolution images. 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision Ballard, J., Carmichael, E., Shi, D., Lyding, J., and and Pattern Recognition (New York, NY, Jun. 2006). Gruebele, M. Laser absorption scanning tunneling Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society microscopy of carbon nanotubes. Nano Letters, 6:1, Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 45-49 (Jan. 2006). 2316-2323 (2006).
Lai, Y.-C., Ahuja, N., Barkan, C., Drapa, J., Hart, J., and Papers Presented at Milhon, L. A computer vision system for monitoring the energy efficiency of intermodal trains. 2006 Joint Conferences and Rail Conference (Atlanta, GA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of Symposia the 2006 Joint Rail Conference 295-304 (2006). Lee, S. and Bajcsy, P. Automated feature-based alignment for 3D volume reconstruction of Confocal Advanced Automation Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) imagery. Medical Imaging 2006: Image Processing (San Diego, CA, Feb. Ahuja, N. and Briassouli, A. Joint spatial and frequency 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical domain motion analysis. 7th International Conference on Optics and Imaging 61442Z (2006). Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 7th International Lee, S. and Bajcsy, P. Spatial intensity correction of Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscope images. 203-208 (2006). 2nd International European Conference on Computer Vision, Workshop on Computer Vision Approaches to Arora, H. and Ahuja, N. Analysis of ramp discontinuity Medical Image Analysis (Graz, Austria, May 2006). model for multiscale image segmentation. 18th Proceedings of the 2nd International European Conference International Conference on Pattern Recognition (Hong on Computer Vision, Workshop on Computer Vision Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18th Approaches to Medical Image Analysis 143-154 (2006). International Conference on Pattern Recognition 99-103 (2006). Lin, R., Liu, C., Yang, M., Ahuja, N., and Levinson, S. Learning nonlinear manifolds from time series. 9th Bajcsy, P., Lee, S., and Clutter, D. Supporting European Conference on Computer Vision (Graz, Austria, registration decisions during 3D medical volume May 2006). Proceedings of the 9th European Conference reconstructions. Medical Imaging 2006: Image on Computer Vision 245-256 (2006). Processing (San Diego, CA, Feb. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging 61443D Liu, C., Lin, R., Yang, M., Ahuja, N., and Levinson, S. (2006). Object tracking using globally coordinated nonlinear manifolds. 18th International Conference on Pattern Briassouli, A. and Ahuja, N. Estimation of multiple Recognition (Hong Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings periodic motions from video. 9th European Conference of the 18th International Conference on Pattern on Computer Vision (Graz, Austria, May 2006). Recognition 844-847 (2006). Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Computer Vision 147-159 (2006). Todorovic, S. and Ahuja, N. 3D texture classification using the belief net of a segmentation tree. 18th Briassouli, A. and Ahuja, N. Spatial and Fourier error International Conference on Pattern Recognition (Hong minimization for motion estimation and segmentation. Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18th 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition International Conference on Pattern Recognition 33-36 (Hong Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18th (2006). International Conference on Pattern Recognition 94-97 (2006).
107 Todorovic, S. and Ahuja, N. Extracting subimages of an Chen, V., Salman, A., Beebe, S., Rosenbaum, E., unknown category from a set of images. 2006 IEEE Mitra, S., Putnam, C., and Gauthier, R. SOI poly-defined Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and diode for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in Pattern Recognition (New York, NY, Jun. 2006). high speed I/Os. 44th Annual IEEE International Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Reliability Physics Symposium (San Jose, CA, Mar. 2006). Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Proceedings of the 44th Annual IEEE International 927-934 (2006). Reliability Physics Symposium 2 (2006).
Cheng, L., Deng, L., Chen, D., and Wong, M. A fast Advanced Processing and Circuits simultaneous input vector generation and gate replacement algorithm for leakage power reduction. Chen, G., Kumar, V., Schwindt, R., and Adesida, I. A 2006 Design Automation Conference (San Francisco, CA, reliable low gate bias model extraction procedure for Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Design Automation AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. 2006 IEEE Microwave Theory and Conference 117-120 (2006). Techniques Society International Microwave Symposium (San Francisco, CA, Jun. 2006) 4 (2006). Deng, L. and Wong, M. An exact algorithm for the statistical shortest path problem. 2006 Asia and South Zhao, W., Jin, N., Chen, G., Kumar, V., and Adesida, I. Pacific Design Automation Conference (Yokohama, Process development for the realization of thermally Japan, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Asia and South reliable enhancement-mode InAlAs/InGaAs/InP Pacific Design Automation Conference 965-970 (2006). HEMTs with excellent DC and RF performance. Device Research Conference (University Park, PA, Jun. Di Sarro, J., Chatty, K., Gauthier, R., and Rosenbaum, E. 2006). Proceedings of the Device Research Conference Study of design factors affecting turn-on time of silicon 91-92 (2006). controlled rectifiers (SCRs) in 90- and 65-nm bulk CMOS technologies. 44th Annual IEEE International Audio Signal Processing Reliability Physics Symposium (San Jose, CA, Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 44th Annual IEEE International Bay, M. and Beauchamp, J. Harmonic source separation Reliability Physics Symposium 6 (2006). using prestored spectra. 6th International Conference on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Varatkar, G. and Shanbhag, N. Energy-efficient motion Separation (Charleston, SC, Mar. 2006). Proceedings of estimation using error-tolerance. 2006 International the 6th International Conference on Independent Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation 561-568 (Tegernsee, Germany, Oct. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 (2006). International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design 113-118 (2006). Circuits Communications Bhatia, K., Kim, K., Chuang, C., Rosenbaum, E., Plouchart, J.-O., and Floyd, B. Double-gate field effect Chen, J. and Veeravalli, V. Capacity results for block- transistor (FET) technology for radio frequency stationary Gaussian fading channels. 2006 IEEE applications: Device characteristics and low noise International Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle, amplifier design. 2006 IEEE International Silicon-on- WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Insulator Conference (Niagara Falls, NY, Oct. 2006). International Symposium on Information Theory 699-703 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Silicon-on- (2006). Insulator Conference 757-766 (2006). Jana, S. and Blahut, R. Insight into source/channel Chen, D., Cong, J., Fan, Y., and Xu, J. Optimality study duality and more based on an intuitive covering/ of resource binding with multi-Vdds. 2006 Design packing lemma. 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Automation Conference (San Francisco, CA, Jul. 2006). Information Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings Proceedings of the 2006 Design Automation Conference of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information 580-585 (2006). Theory 2329-2333 (2006).
108 Jovicic, A. and Viswanath, P. Cognitive radio: An Sethuraman, V. and Hajek, B. Low signal-to-noise ratio information-theoretic perspective. 2006 IEEE (SNR) capacity of fading channels with peak and International Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle, average power constraints. 2006 IEEE International WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. International Symposium on Information Theory 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International 2413-2417 (2006). Symposium on Information Theory 689-693 (2006).
Kesal, M., Mallik, S., and Koetter, R. Iterative Tang, X. and Koetter, R. A novel method for combining algorithms for finding the stationary points of the dirty algebraic decoding and iterative processing. 2006 IEEE tape problem. 2006 IEEE International Symposium on International Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle, Information Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information International Symposium on Information Theory 474-478 Theory 749-753 (2006). (2006).
Kiyavash, N. and Blahut, R. On capacity of a constrained Traskov, D., Ratnakar, N., Lun, D., Koetter, R., and two-dimensional channel in presence of violations. Medard, M. Network coding for multiple unicasts: An 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information approach based on linear optimization. 2006 IEEE Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle, IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE 2423-2427 (2006). International Symposium on Information Theory 1758-1762 (2006). Koetter, R. On optimal weight assignments for multivariate interpolation list-decoding. 2006 IEEE Veeravalli, V. and Fuemmeler, J. Efficient tracking in a Information Theory Workshop (Punta del Este, Uruguay, network of sleepy sensors. 2006 IEEE International Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Information Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Theory Workshop 37-41 (2006). (Toulouse, France, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Liu, T. and Viswanath, P. An extremal inequality Signal Processing 1145-1148 (2006). motivated by multiterminal information theoretic problems. 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Wagner, A., Tavildar, S., and Viswanath, P. Rate region Information Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the quadratic Gaussian two-encoder source-coding of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information problem. 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Theory 1016-1020 (2006). Information Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information Poon, A. An energy-efficient reconfigurable baseband Theory 1404-1408 (2006). processor for flexible radios. 2006 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems Design and Implementation Wagner, A., Viswanath, P., and Kulkarni, S. Strong (Banff, AB, Oct. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE consistency of the Good-Turing estimator. 2006 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems Design and International Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle, Implementation 393-398 (2006). WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Ratnakar, N., Traskov, D., and Koetter, R. Approaches to 2526-2530 (2006). network coding for multiple unicasts. 2006 IEEE International Zurich Seminar on Digital Communications Wang, H. and Viswanath, P. Vector Gaussian multiple (Zurich, Switzerland, Feb. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 description with individual and central receivers. 2006 IEEE International Zurich Seminar on Digital IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Communications 70-73 (2006). (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory 1589-1593 (2006).
109 Ying, L., Srikant, R., and Dullerud, G. Multi-user Tabriz, P. and Borisov, N. Breaking the collusion scheduling in wireless networks with QoS constraints. detection mechanism of MorphMix. 6th International 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information Workshop on Privacy-Enhancing Technologies Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 (Cambridge, UK, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory International Workshop on Privacy-Enhancing 2759-2763 (2006). Technologies 368-383 (2006).
Zhao, Z. and Blahut, R. Blind and nonblind nonnegative Vaidya, N. Multi-channel wireless networks: Capacity, impulse response ISI channel demodulation using the protocols, and experimentation. First International Richardson-Lucy algorithm. 2005 IEEE International Conference of Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Applications (Xi'an, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the Technology (Athens, Greece, Dec. 2005). Proceedings of First International Conference of Wireless Algorithms, the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Systems, and Applications 3-4 (2006). Processing and Information Technology 445-450 (2006). Wah, B., Chen, Y., and Wan, A. Constrained global optimization by constraint partitioning and simulated Computer Engineering annealing. 18th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (Arlington, VA, Nov. 2006). Borisov, N. Computational puzzles as Sybil defenses. 6th International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Computing (Cambridge, UK, Sep. 2006). Decision and Control
Hu, C., Kim, H., and Hou, J. Short-term nonuniform Athanasopoulou, E. and Hadjicostis, C. Decentralized access in IEEE 802.11-compliant WLANs: A failure diagnosis in discrete event systems. 2006 microscopic view and its impact. 9th Association for American Control Conference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. Computing Machinery Symposium on Modeling, Analysis 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American Control and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (Malaga, Conference 5698-5703 (2006). Spain, Oct. 2006). Proceedings of the 9th Association for Computing Machinery Symposium on Modeling, Analysis Athanasopoulou, E., Li, L., and Hadjicostis, C. and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems 99-107 Probabilistic failure diagnosis in finite state machines (2006). under unreliable observations. 8th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems (Ann Arbor, MI, Jul. Nicol, D., Tsang, R., Ammerlahn, H., and Johnson, M. 2006). Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Sensor fusion algorithms for the detection of nuclear Discrete Event Systems 301-306 (2006). material at border crossings. Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence Technologies Bajesy, P., Feng, W., and Kumar, P. Relevance for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense V assignment and fusion of multiple learning methods (Kissimmee, FL, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: The applied to remote sensing image analysis. 2nd IEEE International Society for Optical Engineering 62011O International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for (2006). Information Technology (Pasadena, CA, Jul. 2006).
Patel, J., Gupta, I., and Contractor, N. JetStream: Bhattacharya, S. and Hutchinson, S. Controllability and Achieving predictable gossip dissemination by properties of optimal paths for a differential drive leveraging social network principles. 5th IEEE robot with field-of-view constraints. 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and International Conference on Robotics and Automation Applications (Cambridge, MA, Jul. 2006). (Orlando, FL, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation Sat, B. and Wah, B. Analysis and evaluation of the Skype 1624-1629 (2006). and Google-Talk VoIP systems. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (Toronto, ON, Jul. 2006).
110 Ganguli, A., Cortes, J., and Bullo, F. Distributed Lee, D. and Spong, M. Stable flocking of multiple deployment of asynchronous guards in art galleries. inertial agents on balanced graphs. 2006 American 2006 American Control Conference (Minneapolis, MN, Control Conference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American Control Proceedings of the 2006 American Control Conference Conference 1416-1421 (2006). 2136-2141 (2006).
Hokayem, P., Stipanovic, D., and Spong, M. Suboptimal Lee, D. snd Spong, M. Passive bilateral teleoperation master-slave teleoperation control with delays. 2006 with constant time delays. 2006 IEEE International American Control Conference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. Conference on Robotics and Automation (Orlando, FL, 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American Control May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference 2028-2033 (2006). Conference on Robotics and Automation 2902-2907 (2006). Hong, W., Georgescu, B., Zhou, X., Krishuan, S., Ma, Y., and Comaniciu, D. Database-guided Lee, D., Martinez-Palafox, O., and Spong, M. Bilateral simultaneous multi-slice 3D segmentation for teleoperation of a wheeled mobile robot over delayed volumetric data. 9th European Conference on Computer communication network. 2006 IEEE International Vision (Graz, Austria, May 2006). Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Robotics and Automation (Orlando, FL, European Conference on Computer Vision 397-409 May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International (2006). Conference on Robotics and Automation 3298-3303 (2006). Kashyap, A., Basar, T., and Srikant, R. Asymptotically optimal quantization for detection in power- Liberzon, D. and Nesic, D. Stability analysis of hybrid constrained decentralized sensor networks. 2006 systems via small-gain theorems. 9th International American Control Conference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. Workshop of Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American Control (Santa Barbara, CA, Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 9th Conference 2060-2065 (2006). International Workshop of Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control 421-435 (2006). Kashyap, A., Basar, T., and Srikant, R. Quantized consensus. 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Mastellone, S., Lee, D., and Spong, M. Master-slave Information Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings synchronization with switching communication of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information through passive model-based control design. 2006 Theory 635-639 (2006). American Control Conference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American Control Kumar, P. Toward a third generation of control Conference 3203-3208 (2006). systems. 9th International Workshop on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (Santa Barbara, CA, Mar. 2006). Raghunathan, V. and Kumar, P. A counterexample in Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Hybrid congestion control of wireless networks. 8th Symposium Systems: Computation and Control 2 (2006). of the Association for Computing Machinery on the Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Lee, D. and Spong, M. Agreement with non-uniform Mobile Systems (Montreal, QC, Oct. 2005). Proceedings information delays. 2006 American Control Conference of the 8th Symposium of the Association for Computing (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Machinery on the Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of American Control Conference 756-761 (2006). Wireless and Mobile Systems 290-297 (2006).
Lee, D. and Spong, M. Semi-autonomous teleoperation Rodriguez-Seda, E., Lee, D., and Spong, M. An of multiple cooperative robots for human–robot lunar experimental comparison study for bilateral Internet- exploration. 2006 Association for the Advancement of based teleoperation. 2006 IEEE Conference on Control Artificial Intelligence Spring Symposium (Stanford, CA, Applications, Symposium on Computer-Aided Control Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Association for the Systems Design, and International Symposium on Advancement of Artificial Intelligence Spring Symposium Intelligent Control (Munich, Germany, Oct. 2006). 87-94 (2006).
111 Ru, Y. and Hadjicostis, C. State estimation in discrete Bresler, G. and Hajek, B. Note on mutual information event systems modeled by labeled Petri nets. 45th IEEE and orthogonal space-time codes. 2006 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (San Diego, CA, Dec. International Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle, 2006). Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Decision and Control 6 (2006). International Symposium on Information Theory 1315-1318 (2006). Takos, G. and Hadjicostis, C. Nonconcurrent error correction in the presence of roundoff noise. George, A. and Bresler, Y. A fast and accurate Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and decimation-in-angle hierarchical fan-beam Control (San Diego, CA, Dec. 2006). backprojection algorithm. 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro Touri, R., Voulgaris, P., and Hadjicostis, C. Time-varying (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE power-limited preprocessing for perfect reconstruction International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to of binary signals. 2006 American Control Conference Macro 1188-1191 (2006). (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American Control Conference 5722-5727 (2006). Haldar, J., Jacob, M., Ebel, A., Zhu, X., Schuff, N., Hernando, D., Sutton, B., and Liang, Z. Regularized Wright, J., Wagner, A., Rao, S., and Ma, Y. Homography inversion of noisy, incomplete MR spectroscopic from coplanar ellipses with application to forensic imaging data with anatomical prior. 3rd IEEE blood splatter reconstruction. 2006 IEEE Computer International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Macro (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd Recognition (New York, NY, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Nano to Macro 718-721 (2006). Vision and Pattern Recognition 1250-1257 (2006). Hernando, D., Haldar, J., and Liang, Z. Reduced- Yang, A., Rao, S., and Ma, Y. Robust statistical encoding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using estimation and segmentation of multiple subspaces. higher-order generalized series. 3rd IEEE International 2006 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro Recognition Workshops (New York, NY, Jun. 2006). (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Conference on Computer International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (2006). Macro 29-32 (2006).
Yuksel, S. and Basar, T. On the absence of rate loss in Jacob, M., Toronov, V., Bresler, Y., Zhang, X., and decentralized sensor and controller structure for Webb, A. Reconstruction of functional activations in asymptotic stability. 2006 American Control Conference diffuse optical imaging. 3rd IEEE International (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro American Control Conference 5562-5567 (2006). (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Yuksel, S., Hindi, H., and Crawford, L. Optimal tracking Macro 594-597 (2006). with feedback-feedforward control separation over a network. 2006 American Control Conference Sharif, B. and Bresler, Y. Optimal multi-channel time- (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 sequential acquisition in dynamic MRI with parallel American Control Conference 3500-3506 (2006). coils. 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Digital Signal and Imaging Processing Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro 45-48 (2006). Aggarwal, N. and Bresler, Y. Region-of-interest MRI: k-space sampling conditions. 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro 41-44 (2006).
112 Wang, G., Zhang, Y., and Li, F.-F. Using dependent Chew, W., Chiang, I., Davis, C., Hesford, A., Li, M., regions for object categorization in a generative Liu, Y., Qian, Z., Saville, M., Sun, L., Tong, M., framework. 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Xiong, J., Jiang, L., Chao, H., and Chu, Y. Integral Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (New York, equation solvers for real world applications—Some NY, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer challenge problems. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Propagation Society International Symposium Recognition 1597-1604 (2006). (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Xu, D., Ying, L., and Liang, Z. Dynamic magnetic Symposium 91-94 (2006). resonance imaging (MRI) using spatiotemporal modeling with phased array coils. 3rd IEEE Correia, D. and Jin, J. On the development of a higher- International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to order PML. 2005 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Macro (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (Brasilia, IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Brazil, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 SBMO/IEEE Nano to Macro 722-725 (2006). MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference 578-580 (2006).
Electromagnetic Communication and Correia, D. and Jin, J. Second-order PML in the analysis Electronics Packaging of waveguide problems. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium Deng, Z., Schutt-Aine, J., Tan, J., Kumar, C., and (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Milosevic, D. Latency insertion method with frequency IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International dependent effect. 1st Electronic System Integration Symposium 502 (2006). Technology Conference (Dresden, Germany, Sep. 2006) 4 \. Hesford, A. and Chew, W. Improving the effectiveness of the distorted Born iterative method with a parallel, multi-frequency approach. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Electromagnetics Propagation Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Alvey, G., Pan, H., and Bernhard, J. Investigation into IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International techniques for packaging cosite microstrip patch Symposium 1077-1080 (2006). antennas into handheld devices. 2006 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Huff, G., Soldner, N., Palmer, W., and Bernhard, J. Study Antennas and Novel Metamaterials (White Plains, NY, of error vector magnitude patterns (EVRP) for a Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International transmit/receive pair of microstrip patch antennas. Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Novel Metamaterials 45-48 (2006). International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Bagci, H., Yilmaz, A., and Michielssen, E. FFT Society International Symposium 449-452 (2006). accelerated MOT-based solution of time-domain BLT equations. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Jiang, P. and Michielssen, E. Multilevel PWTD- International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). enhanced CFIE solver for analyzing EM scattering Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation from PEC objects residing in lossy media. 2006 IEEE Society International Symposium 1175-1184 (2006). Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 2967-2970 (2006).
113 Jiang, P. and Michielssen, E. Time domain integral Lou, Z., Petersson, L., and Jin, J. Recent advances of the equation-based analysis of light scattering from time-domain finite element method for computational biological cells. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation electromagnetics. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 109 (2006). Propagation Society International Symposium 99-102 (2006). Li, M. and Chew, W. Complex structures modeling using equivalence principle algorithm. IEEE 15th Manetas, G. and Cangellaris, A. Full-wave modeling of Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic the impact of the semiconductor substrate on on-chip Packaging (Scottsdale, AZ, Oct. 2006). Proceedings of the electromagnetic interference and power distribution IEEE 15th Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of network performance. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Electronic Packaging 339-342 (2006). Propagation Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Li, M. and Chew, W. A study on applying divergence- IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International free condition in solving the volume integral equation Symposium 57 (2006). with loop basis. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. Meng, J., Boag, A., Lomakin, V., and Michielssen, E. A 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and multilevel Cartesian non-uniform grid time domain Propagation Society International Symposium 4107-4110 (ML-CNGTD) method. 2006 IEEE Antennas and (2006). Propagation Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Li, M.-K., Chew, W., and Jiang, L. A domain IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International decomposition scheme to solve integral equations using Symposium 2779-2782 (2006). equivalent surfaces. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium Meng, J., Lu, M., and Michielssen, E. Toward efficient (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 and stable low frequency time domain integral IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International equation solvers. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Symposium 2897-2900 (2006). Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Li, Y. and Jin, J. A vector dual-primal finite element Propagation Society International Symposium 2955-2958 tearing and interconnecting method for solving 3D (2006). large-scale electromagnetic problems. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Moon, S. and Cangellaris, A. Rational function fitting of Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings electromagnetic transfer functions from frequency- of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society domain and time-domain data. 2006 IEEE MTT-S International Symposium 3977-3980 (2006). International Microwave Symposium (San Francisco, CA, Jun. 2006). Lou, Z. and Jin, J. Time-domain finite-element modeling and simulation of broadband antennas. 2006 IEEE Moon, S. and Cangellaris, A. Rational function fitting of Antennas and Propagation Society International electromagnetic transfer functions of interconnect Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings structures via extrapolation in time and interpolation of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society in frequency. IEEE 56th Electronic Components and International Symposium 2809-2812 (2006). Technology Conference (San Diego, CA, May 2006). Proceedings of the IEEE 56th Electronic Components and Lou, Z. and Jin, J. A novel domain decomposition Technology Conference 1251-1255 (2006). method for the time domain finite element simulation of electromagnetic problems. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 2817-2820 (2006).
114 Petersson, L. and Jin, J. A 3D Floquet boundary Wang, R. and Jin, J. An efficient finite element- condition for time-domain finite element analysis of boundary integral formulation for numerical modeling periodic geometries. 2006 IEEE Antennas and of scattering by discrete body-of-revolution. 2006 IEEE Propagation Society International Symposium Antennas and Propagation Society International (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium 2793-2796 (2006). International Symposium 2749-2752 (2006).
Ramachandran, A., Ramachandran, A., and Wu, H. and Cangellaris, A. Krylov model order Cangellaris, A. SPICE-compatible stamps for semi- reduction of finite element models of electromagnetic discrete approximations of Maxwell's equations. 2006 structures with frequency-dependent material IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International properties. 2006 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings Symposium (San Francisco, CA, Jun. 2006). of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 522 (2006). Wu, H. and Cangellaris, A. Krylov model order reduction of finite-element approximations of Russer, J., Cangellaris, A., and Russer, P. A reciprocity- dispersive electromagnetic boundary value problems. based methodology for the expedient and accurate 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society prediction of electromagnetic field coupling to multi- International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). conductor transmission lines. 2006 IEEE International Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (Portland, Society International Symposium 310 (2006). OR, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Wu, H., Rong, A., and Cangellaris, A. Frequency-domain Compatibility 99-101 (2006). finite element electrodynamic modeling of lossy interconnects from DC to multi-GHz frequencies. IEEE Russer, J., Ramachandran, A., Cangellaris, A., and 15th Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Russer, P. Phenomenological modeling of passive Electronic Packaging (Scottsdale, AZ, Oct. 2006). intermodulation (PIM) due to electron tunneling at Proceedings of the IEEE 15th Topical Meeting on metallic contacts. 2006 IEEE MTT-S International Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging 317-320 Microwave Symposium (San Francisco, CA, Jun. 2006). (2006).
Saville, M. and Chew, W. Multipole-free fast multilevel Xiong, J., Sun, L., Qian, Z., and Chew, W. Organizing algorithm for layered media. 2006 IEEE Antennas and integral equation for complex structure for object Propagation Society International Symposium oriented programming. 2006 IEEE Antennas and (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Propagation Society International Symposium IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Symposium 1879-1882 (2006). IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 2921-2924 (2006). Shen, G. and Cangellaris, A. i-FDTD: A new stencil for enhanced isotropy in the FDTD simulation of Yilmaz, A., Jin, J., and Michielssen, E. A stable time- electromagnetic wave phenomena. 2006 IEEE Antennas domain integral equation formulation for composite and Propagation Society International Symposium structures. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Symposium 501 (2006). Society International Symposium 2963-2966 (2006).
Tong, M. and Chew, W. A direct approach for solving Yilmaz, A., Jin, J., Michielssen, E., and Kotulski, J. A 3D electric field integral equation (EFIE) with double leapfrogging time-domain integral equation solver for gradient of the Green's function. 2006 IEEE Antennas dielectric bodies. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation and Propagation Society International Symposium Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Propagation Society International Symposium 2959-2962 Symposium 2855-2858 (2006). (2006).
115 Yilmaz, A., Zheng, L., Michielssen, E., and Jin, J. A parallel time-domain adaptive integral method- Magnetic Resonance accelerated single-boundary finite element-boundary Toronov, V., Zhang, X., and Webb, A. Group analysis of integral solver. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation FMRI and NIR data simultaneously acquired during Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. visual stimulation in humans. Saratov Fall Meeting 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and 2005: Optical Technologies in Biophysics and Medicine Propagation Society International Symposium 297 (2006). VII (Saratov, Russian Federation, Sep. 2005). Proceedings Zhang, S. and Bernhard, J. Performance study of a of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging reconfigurable microstrip parasitic array (RMPA) 61630S (2006). phased array. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. Optical and Discharge Physics 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 2305-2308 Arakoni, R., Bhoj, A., and Kushner, M. Hydrogen (2006). production in Ar/NH3 micro-discharges. 33rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (Traverse Zhang, Z. and Bernhard, J. Two-arm Archimedean City, MI, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE spiral with filter-based reactive loading. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science 287 (2006). Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Optical Imaging International Symposium 3677-3680 (2006). Boppart, S. Advanced spectroscopic coherence tomography. 2006 IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics High Frequency Devices Society Annual Conference (Montréal, QC, Oct. 2006) (2006). Wu, B., Chu-Kung, B., Feng, M., and Cheng, K. High- performance GaAsSb/InP double heterojunction Boppart, S. Advances in contrast enhancement for bipolar transistors grown by gas-source molecular optical coherence tomography. 28th IEEE Engineering beam epitaxy. 23rd North American Conference on in Medicine and Biology Society International Conference Molecular Beam Epitaxy (Santa Barbara, CA, Sep. 2005). (New York, NY, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures) 1564-1567 International Conference 121-124 (2006). (2006). Carney, P., Sun, J., and Schotland, J. Multiple probe Wu, B.-R., Snodgrass, W., Hafez, W., Feng, M., and interactions in near-field imaging. 2006 IEEE Lasers Cheng, K. Ultra-high speed composition graded and Electro-Optics Society Annual Conference (Montréal, InGaAsSb/GaAsSb DHBTs with fT = 500 GHz grown QC, Oct. 2006). by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. 2006 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Oldenburg, A., Luo, W., and Boppart, S. High-resolution Related Materials (Princeton, NJ, May 2006). Proceedings in vivo nanoparticle imaging using magnetomotive of the 206 International Conference on Indium Phosphide optical coherence tomography. Optical Molecular and Related Materials 89-91 (2006). Probes for Biomedical Applications (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging 609702 (2006).
116 Pasquesi, J., Schlachter, S., Boppart, M., Chaney, E., Lu, M., Park, S.-J., Cunningham, B., and Eden, J. Kaufman, S., and Boppart, S. Detection of Transparent plastic microplasma flexible light sources. ultrastructural changes in genetically altered and 2006 IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual exercised skeletal muscle using PS-OCT. Coherence Conference (Montréal, QC, Oct. 2006) 2. Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine X (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2006). Park, S. and Eden, J. Microcavity plasma devices: New Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for Optical concepts for the high-resolution plasma displays. 33rd Engineering 607926 (2006). IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (Traverse City, MI, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 33rd Ralston, T., Atkinson, I., Kamalabadi, F., and Boppart, S. IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science 295 Multi-dimensional denoising of real-time optical (2006). coherence tomography (OCT) imaging data. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Park, S., Readle, J., Chang, A., Hua, L., Kim, K., and Signal Processing (Toulouse, France, May 2006). Eden, G. Flexible Al/Al2O3/SiO2 microplasma arrays: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Large-area ultraviolet source for biomedical Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 1148-1151 applications. 33rd IEEE International Conference on (2006). Plasma Science (Traverse City, MI, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE International Conference on Ralston, T., Marks, D., Carney, P., and Boppart, S. Phase Plasma Science 266 (2006). stability technique for inverse scattering in optical coherence tomography. 3rd IEEE International Putney, J., Keister, K., Wagner, C., and Eden, J. Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro Microwave interferometric measurements of the (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE electron density generated by sub-picosecond 100 GW International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to KrF laser pulses in air. 2006 IEEE Lasers and Electro- Macro 578-581 (2006). Optics Society Annual Conference (Montréal, QC, Oct. 2006). Ralston, T., Marks, D., Carney, S., and Boppart, S. Demonstration of inverse scattering in optical Spinka, T., Park, S., and Eden, J. Linear arrays of coherence tomography. Coherence Domain Optical ceramic microcavity plasma devices (127–180 µm Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in diameter) driven by buried coplanar electrodes. 33rd Biomedicine X (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science SPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering (Traverse City, MI, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 33rd 60791T (2006). IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science 296 (2006). Vinegoni, C., Ralston, T., Tan, W., Luo, W., Marks, D., and Boppart, S. Multi-modality imaging of structure Sung, S., Tchertchian, P., Riconni, B., Chen, K., Park, S., and function combining spectral-domain optical and Eden, G. Efficient UV emission of addressable pixel coherence and multiphoton microscopy. Coherence arrays of Si microplasma devices. 33rd IEEE Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence International Conference on Plasma Science (Traverse Tomography in Biomedicine X (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2006). City, MI, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for Optical International Conference on Plasma Science 297 (2006). Engineering 60791D (2006). Optoelectronics Optical Physics and Engineering Choquette, K., Raftery, J., and Lehman, A. Beam steering Eden, J. and Park, S. Arrays of microcavity plasma in photonic crystal vertical cavity semiconductor laser devices: Versatile platform for the next generation of arrays. 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference (Big Sky, MT, plasma displays. 6th International Meeting on Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Information Display and 5th International Display Conference 1655896 (2006). Manufacturing Conference (Daegu, South Korea, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 6th International Meeting on Information Display 473-476 (2006).
117 Chuang, S., Kim, J., Kondratko, P., Walter, G., Gross, G., Marannino, P., and Chicco, G. Reactive Holonyak, N., Heller, R., Zhang, X., and Dupuis, R. support and voltage control service: Key issues and Tunneling injection quantum-dot lasers. 2005 Fall challenges. 2006 IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Meeting of the Materials Research Society (Boston, MA, Conference (Malaga, Spain, May 2006). Proceedings of Nov. 2005). Proceedings of the Materials Research Society the 2006 IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference Symposium 51-58 (2006). 897-901 (2006).
Giannopoulos, A., Kasten, A., Long, C., Chen, C., Kwasinski, A. and Krein, P. Optimal configuration Harley, J., and Choquette, K. Two-dimensional analysis of a microgrid-based telecom power system. integrated VCSEL (vertical cavity surface-emitting 28th International Telecommunications Energy laser) and PIN photodetector arrays for bidirectional Conference (Providence, RI, Sep. 2006). optical links. 2006 IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Conference (Montréal, QC, Oct. 2006). Kwasinski, A., Weaver, W., Chapman, P., and Krein, P. Telecommunications power plant damage assessment Grasso, D., Serkland, D., Peake, G., and Choquette, K. caused by Hurricane Katrina-site survey and follow-up Small-signal modulation of dual oxide cavity results. 28th International Telecommunications Energy composite-resonator vertical-cavity lasers. 20th IEEE Conference (Providence, RI, Sep. 2006). International Semiconductor Laser Conference (Kohala Coast, HI, Sep. 2006). Niu, P. and Chapman, P. Design and performance of linear biomechanical energy conversion devices. 2006 Lehman, A. and Choquette, K. In-phase evanescent IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (Jeju, coupled implant defined vertical cavity laser arrays. South Korea, Jun. 2006) 6. 2006 IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Conference (Montréal, QC, Oct. 2006). Qu, L. and Chapman, P. Extraction of dynamic low- order nonlinear inductor models based on steady state Lehman, A., Raftery, J., and Choquette, K. Beam-steering solutions. 2006 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists in photonic crystal vertical cavity surface-emitting Conference (Jeju, South Korea, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of laser arrays. 20th IEEE International Semiconductor the 2006 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference Laser Conference (Kohala Coast, HI, Sep. 2006). 608-616 (2006).
Weaver, W. and Krein, P. Implementing power buffer Power and Energy Systems functionality in a DC-DC converter by geometric control. 41st IEEE Industry Applications Annual Chen, Y., Kimball, J., and Krein, P. Non-unity active PFC Conference (Tampa, FL, Oct. 2006). Proceedings of the methods for filter size optimization. 21st Annual IEEE 41st IEEE Industry Applications Annual Conference, Vol. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition 5 (2006). (Dallas, TX, Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition 268-272 (2006). Reliable and High-Performance
Gross, G. Contributions of renewable energy resources Computing to resource diversity. 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting (Montréal, QC, Jun. 2006). Basile, C., Gupta, M., Kalbarczyk, Z., and Iyer, R. An approach for detecting and distinguishing errors Gross, G. Educating the power industry workforce of versus attacks in sensor networks. 2006 International the future. 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks General Meeting (Montréal, QC, Jun. 2006). (Philadelphia, PA, Jun. 2006).
118 Courtney, T., Gaonkar, S., Griffith, M., Lam, V., Obal, W., McQuinn, M., and Sanders, W. Detecting and McQuinn, M., Rozier, E., and Sanders, W. Data analysis exploiting symmetry in discrete-state Markov models. and visualization within the Mobius modeling 2006 IEEE Pacific Rim International Symposium on environment. 3rd International Conference on the Dependable Computing (Riverside, CA, Dec. 2006). Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (Riverside, CA, Sep. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Pattabiraman, K., Saggese, G., Chen, D., Kalbarczyk, Z., the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems 137-138 (2006). and Iyer, R. Dynamic derivation of application-specific error detectors and their implementation in hardware. Gaonkar, S., Keeton, K., Merchant, A., and Sanders, W. 6th European Dependable Computing Conference Designing dependable storage solutions for shared (Coimbra, Portugal, Oct. 2006). Proceedings of the 6th application environments. 2006 International European Dependable Computing Conference (2006). Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (Philadelphia, PA, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Steiner, I. and Shut, Y. A characterization of a Java- International Conference on Dependable Systems and based commercial workload on a high-end enterprise Networks 371-380 (2006). server. SIGMETRICS 2006/Performance 2006: Joint International Conference on Measurement and Modeling Ihde, M. and Sanders, W. Barbarians in the gate: An of Computer Systems (Saint Malo, France, Jun. 2006). experimental validation of NIC-based distributed Proceedings of SIGMETRICS 2006/Performance 2006: firewall performance and flood tolerance. 2006 Joint International Conference on Measurement and International Conference on Dependable Systems and Modeling of Computer Systems 379-380 (2006). Networks (Philadelphia, PA, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Dependable Systems Stone, S., Woley, K., and Frank, M. Address-indexed and Networks 209-214 (2006). memory disambiguation and store-to-load forwarding. 38th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Iyer, R. Application-aware reliability and security: The Microarchitecture (Barcelona, Spain, Nov. 2005). trusted ILLIAC approach. 5th IEEE International Proceedings of the 38th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications Symposium on Microarchitecture 12 (2006). (Cambridge, MA, Jul. 2006). Wang, L., Kalbarczyk, Z., Gu, W., and Iyer, R. An OS- Joshi, K., Hiltunen, M., Sanders, W., and Schlichting, R. level framework for providing application-aware Automatic recovery using bounded partially reliability. 2006 IEEE Pacific Rim International observable Markov decision processes. 2006 Symposium on Dependable Computing (Riverside, CA, International Conference on Dependable Systems and Dec. 2006). Networks (Philadelphia, PA, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Remote Sensing Networks 445-454 (2006). Kamalabadi, F. and Sharif, B. Robust regularized Joshi, K., Hiltunen, M., Sanders, W., and Schlichting, R. tomographic imaging with convex projections. 2005 Automatic recovery using bounded, partially International Conference on Image Processing (Genova, observable Markov decision processes. 2006 Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 International International Conference on Dependable Systems and Conference on Image Processing, Vol. II, 205-208 (2006). Networks (Philadelphia, PA, Jun. 2006). Ralston, T., Atkinson, I., Kamalabadi, F., and Boppart, S. Lam, V., Buchholz, P., and Sanders, W. A component- Multi-dimensional denoising of real-time OCT imaging level path composition approach for efficient transient data. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, analysis of large CTMCs. 2006 International Conference Speech and Signal Processing (Toulouse, France, May on Dependable Systems and Networks (Philadelphia, PA, 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 206 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Vol. II, 1148-1151 (2006). 485-494 (2006).
119 Sharif, B. and Kamalabadi, F. Optimal sensor Chen, N., Engel, J., Pandya, S., and Liu, C. Flexible skin configuration in remote image formation. 2005 with two-axis bending capability made using weaving- International Conference on Image Processing (Genova, by-lithography fabrication method. 19th IEEE Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 International International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Conference on Image Processing, Vol. II, 197-200 (2006). Systems (Istanbul, Turkey, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Semiconductor Lasers Mechanical Systems (MEMS) 330-333 (2006). Engel, J., Chen, J., Chen, N., Pandya, S., and Liu, C. Multi- Elarde, V. and Coleman, J. Spectral and threshold walled carbon nanotube-filled conductive elastomers: performance of patterned quantum dot lasers. 32nd Materials and application to micro transducers. 19th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro (Rust, Germany, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 32nd Mechanical Systems (Istanbul, Turkey, Jan. 2006). International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on 508-511 (2006). Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) 246-249 (2006). Kim, Y., Elarde, V., Coleman, J., and Choquette, K. Electrically injected photonic crystal light emitters Li, S. and Liu, C. MEMS arrayed scanning probes for with spatially localized gain. 2006 IEEE Lasers and soft nanolithography. 210th Electrochemical Society Electro-Optics Society Annual Conference (Montréal, QC, Meeting: Chemical Sensors 7 and MEMS/NEMS 7 Oct. 2006). (Cancun, Mexico, Oct. 2006). Proceedings of the 210th Electrochemical Society Meeting 463-472 (2006). Price, R., Elarde, V., and Coleman, J. 850-nm asymmetric cladding surface etched DBR lasers with narrow Liu, M. and Huang, T. A Bayesian predictive method for spectral linewidth. Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers automatic speech segmentation. 18th International V (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: The Conference on Pattern Recognition (Hong Kong, China, International Society for Optical Engineering 613-617 Sep. 2006). (2006). Tsai, C., Xu, C., Hsieh, K., and Cheng, K. Growth Price, R., Verma, V., Tobin, K., Hsieh, K., Elarde, V., optimization of InGaAs quantum wires for infrared and Coleman, J. Intrinsic parameter and modal photodetector applications. 23rd North American characteristics of asymmetric cladding ridge Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (Santa Barbara, waveguide lasers. 2006 IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics CA, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 23rd North American Society Annual Conference (Montréal, QC, Oct. 2006). Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy 1527-1531 (2006). Tobin, K., Price, R., Elarde, V., Verma, V., and Coleman, J. Optical heterodyning of narrow-linewidth Wang, X., Vincent, L., and Liu, C. Spring-on-tip surface etched distributed Bragg reflector laser diodes. nanolithography probes. 19th IEEE International 2006 IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Conference (Montréal, QC, Oct. 2006). (Istanbul, Turkey, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Semiconductors Systems (MEMS) 202-205 (2006).
Chen, J., Engel, J., Chen, N., Pandya, S., Coombs, S., Wu, B., Cheng, K., Xu, C., and Hsieh, K. Formation and and Liu, C. Artificial lateral line and hydrodynamic property of InSb self-assembled quantum dots on object tracking. 19th IEEE International Conference on GaAsSb lattice matched to InP. 23rd North American Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (Istanbul, Turkey, Jan. Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (Santa Barbara, 2006). Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference CA, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 23rd North American on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) 694-697 Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy 1660-1664 (2006). (2006).
120 Yang, Y., Pandya, S., Chen, J., Engel, J., Chen, N., and Choi, J., Singer, A., and Cho, N. Low-power adaptive Liu, C. Micromachined hot-wire boundary layer flow finite impulse response (FIR) equalizer via soft error imaging array. CANEUS 2006: Micro-Nano- cancellation. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Technology for Aerospace Applications (Toulouse, Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (Toulouse, France, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of CANEUS 2006: France, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Micro-Nano-Technology for Aerospace Applications 6 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal (2006). Processing, Vol. IV, 433-436 (2006).
Zhang, L.-X., Melnikov, D., and Leburton, J.-P. Stability Da Cunha, A., Zhou, J., and Do, M. Nonsubsampled diagram and exchange interaction in coupled quantum contourlet transform: Filter design and applications in dots in magnetic fields. Quantum Information and denoising. 2005 International Conference on Image Computation IV (Kissimmee, FL, Apr. 2006). Proceedings Processing (Genova, Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the of SPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering 2005 International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. 624406 (2006). I, 749-752 (2006).
Zhang, Z. and Cheng, K. Growth of high quality InAs Dagli, C., Rajaram, S., and Huang, T. Leveraging active quantum-dot multilayer structures on InP for infrared learning for relevance feedback using an information photodetector applications. 23rd North American theoretic diversity measure. 5th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (Santa Barbara, Conference on Image and Video Retrieval (Tempe, AZ, CA, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 23rd North American Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 5th International Conference Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy 1656-1659 on Image and Video Retrieval 123-132 (2006). (2006). Dagli, C., Rajaram, S., and Huang, T. Utilizing information theoretic diversity for scan velocity Signal and Image Processing modulation (SVM) active learning. 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (Hong Kong, China, Atkinson, I., Kamalabadi, F., Jones, D., and Thulborn, K. Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18th International Blind estimation of fMRI data for improved BOLD Conference on Pattern Recognition 506-511 (2006). contrast detection. 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro (Arlington, VA, Do, M., Marchand-Maillet, D., and Vetterli, M. On the Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International bandlimitedness of the plenoptic function. 2005 Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro International Conference on Image Processing (Genova, 1056-1059 (2006). Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. III, 17-20 (2006). Chen, T. and Huang, T. Boundary correction for total variation regularized L1 function with applications to El Choubassi, M. and Moulin, P. On the fundamental image decomposition and segmentation. 18th trade-off between watermark detection performance International Conference on Pattern Recognition (Hong and robustness against sensitivity analysis attacks. Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18th Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of International Conference on Pattern Recognition 316-319 Multimedia Contents VIII (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2006). (2006). Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering 60721I (2006). Chen, T. and Huang, T. Scale-driven iterative optimization for brain extraction and registration. Fu, Y. and Huang, T. Graph embedded analysis for head 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer pose estimation. 7th International Conference on Vision and Pattern Recognition (New York, NY, Jun. Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (Southampton, 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2467-2474 (2006). 3-8 (2006).
121 Guan, K. and Chi, G. Multi-period planning of Han, T., Ning, H., and Huang, T. Efficient wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transport nonparametric belief propagation with application to networks incorporating demand uncertainties. 23rd articulated body tracking. 2006 IEEE Computer Society Biennial Symposium on Communications (Kingston, ON, Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition May 2006). Proceedings of the 23rd Biennial Symposium (New York, NY, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE on Communications 135-139 (2006). Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 214-221 (2006). Guan, K. and Guan, C. Long-term capacity planning of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transport Huazhong, N., Han, T., Yuxiao, H., Zhenqiu, Z., Yun, F., networks under demand uncertainties and economy of and Huang, T. A realtime shrug detector. 7th scale. 11th International Workshop on Computer-Aided International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Modeling, Analysis and Design of Communication Links Recognition (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings and Networks (Trento, Italy, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and 11th International Workshop on Computer-Aided Gesture Recognition 505-510 (2006). Modeling, Analysis and Design of Communication Links and Networks 100-106 (2006). Juin, T., Ivanovic, A., Xun, X., Li, F.-F., and Huang, T. Variational shift invariant probabilistic PCA for face Guan, K. and Guan, C. An efficient encodable/decodable recognition. 18th International Conference on Pattern OFDM low-PMEPR 16-QAM code. 2006 IEEE Recognition (Hong Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings Wireless Communications and Networking Conference of the 18th International Conference on Pattern (Las Vegas, NV, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Recognition 548-551 (2006). Wireless Communications and Networking Conference 2000-2005 (2006). Kim, L., Hasegawa-Johnson, M., and Sung, K. Generalized optimal multi-microphone speech Guan, K. and Singer, A. A level-crossing sampling enhancement using sequential minimum variance scheme for non-bandlimited signals. 2006 IEEE distortionless response (MVDR) beamforming and International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal postfiltering. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Processing (Toulouse, France, May 2006). Proceedings of Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (Toulouse, the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, France, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. II, 381-383 (2006). International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. III, 65-68 (2006). Gupta, A. and Singer, A. Maximal conditional efficiency successive interference cancellation. 2006 IEEE Kiyavash, N. and Moulin, P. On optimal collusion International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal strategies for fingerprinting. 2006 IEEE International Processing (Toulouse, France, May 2006). Proceedings of Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, (Toulouse, France, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. IV, 785-788 (2006). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. V, 405-408 (2006). Gupta, M., Rajaram, S., Petrovic, N., and Huang, T. Classifiers for motion. 18th International Conference on Kleffner, M., Jones, D., Hiser, J., Kulkami, P., Parent, J., Pattern Recognition (Hong Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Hines, S., Whalley, D., Davidson, J., and Gallivan, K. On Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the use of compilers in digital signal processor (DSP) Pattern Recognition 593-596 (2006). laboratory instruction. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Gupta, M., Rajaram, S., Petrovic, N., and Huang, T. Non- (Toulouse, France, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 parametric image super-resolution using multiple IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and images. 2005 International Conference on Image Signal Processing, Vol. II, 977-980 (2006). Processing (Genova, Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. II, 89-92 (2006).
122 Lam, C. and Singer, A. Adaptive Bayesian beamforming Moulin, P. Discreet signaling: From the Chinese for steering vector uncertainties with order recursive emperors to the Internet. International Workshop on implementation. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Content Representation, Classification and Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (Toulouse, Security (Istanbul, Turkey, Sep. 2006). Proceedings of the France, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Content International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Representation, Classification and Security 42 (2006). Processing, Vol. IV, 997-1000 (2006). Moulin, P. Universal decoding of watermarks under Lee, S. and Bajcsy, P. Three-dimensional volume geometric attacks. 2006 IEEE International Symposium reconstruction based on trajectory fusion from on Information Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). confocal laser scanning microscope images. 2006 IEEE Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and on Information Theory 2353-2357 (2006). Pattern Recognition (New York, NY, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Moulin, P. and Goteti, A. Minmax strategies for Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition quantization index modulation (QIM) watermarking 2221-2228 (2006). subject to attacks with memory. 2005 International Conference on Image Processing (Genova, Italy, Sep. Liu, M. and Huang, T. Video-based person 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference authentication via audio/visual association. 2006 IEEE on Image Processing, Vol. I, 985-988 (2006). International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (Toronto, ON, Jul. 2006). Moulin, P. and Koetter, R. A framework for the design of good watermark identification codes. Security, Liu, M. and Huang, T. A Bayesian predictive method for Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia automatic speech segmentation. 18th International Contents VIII (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of Conference on Pattern Recognition (Hong Kong, China, SPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18th International 60721H (2006). Conference on Pattern Recognition 290-293 (2006). Nguyen, H., Morrison Jr., R., Sutton, B., and Do, M. Joint Liu, M., Huang, T., and Zhang, Z. Robust local scoring estimation in MRI using harmonic retrieval methods. function for text-independent speaker verification. 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Imaging: Nano to Macro (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). (Hong Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18th Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on International Conference on Pattern Recognition Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro 1004-1007 (2006). 1146-1149 (2006). Ning, H., Xu, W., Gong, Y., and Huang, T. Improving Liu, M., Tang, H., Ning, H., and Huang, T. Person speaker diarization by cross-EM refinement. 2006 identification based on multichannel and IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo multimodality fusion. 1st International Evaluation (Toronto, ON, Jul. 2006). Workshop on Classification of Events, Activities and Relationships: Multimodal Technologies for Perception of Sethi, A., Rahurkar, M., and Huang, T. Variable module Humans (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of graphs: A framework for inference and learning in the 1st International Evaluation Workshop on modular vision systems. 2005 International Conference Classification of Events, Activities and Relationships on Image Processing (Genova, Italy, Sep. 2005). 241-248 (2006). Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. II, 1326-1329 (2006). Morrison, R. and Do, M. A multichannel approach to metric-based SAR autofocus. 2005 International Singer, A. and Kozat, S. Universal context tree, least Conference on Image Processing (Genova, Italy, Sep. squares prediction. 2006 IEEE International Symposium 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Information Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). on Image Processing, Vol. II, 1070-1073 (2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory 426-430 (2006).
123 Soldner, N., Lam, C., Singer, A., and Bernhard, J. Wang, Y. amd Moulin, P. On discrimination between Beamforming in intelligent randomly distributed photorealistic and photographic images. 2006 IEEE sensor networks using electrically small dual-sector International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal antennas for planetary exploration. 2nd IEEE Processing (Toulouse, France, May 2006). Proceedings of International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Information Technology (Pasadena, CA, Jul. 2006). Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. II, 161-164 (2006).
Tang, H. and Huang, T. Improved graphical model for Wang, Y. and Moulin, P. Capacity and random-coding audiovisual object tracking. 2006 IEEE International error exponent for public fingerprinting game. 2006 Conference on Multimedia and Expo (Toronto, ON, Jul. IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory 2006). (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Tu, J., Fu, Y., Hu, Y., and Huang, T. Evaluation of head 1174-1178 (2006). pose estimation for studio data. 1st International Evaluation Workshop on Classification of Events, Wang, Y. and Moulin, P. Statistical modelling and Activities and Relationships: Multimodal Technologies for steganalysis of discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based Perception of Humans (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006). image steganography. Security, Steganography, and Proceedings of the 1st International Evaluation Workshop Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VIII (San Jose, CA, on Classification of Events, Activities and Relationships Jan. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society 281-290 (2006). for Optical Engineering 607202 (2006).
Tu, J., Huang, T., and Tao, H. Accurate head pose Xu, X., He, L., Florencio, D., and Rui, Y. PASS: Peer- tracking in low-resolution video. 7th International aware silence suppression for Internet voice Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition conferences. 2006 IEEE International Conference on (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 7th Multimedia and Expo (Toronto, ON, Jul. 2006). International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 573-578 (2006). Xu, X., Rui, Y., and Huang, T. Recognizing faces in recorded meetings via MRC-boosting. 2006 IEEE Tu, J., Tao, H., and Huang, T. Online updating International Conference on Multimedia and Expo appearance generative mixture model for meanshift (Toronto, ON, Jul. 2006). tracking. 7th Asian Conference on Computer Vision (Hyderabad, India, Jan. 2006). Lecture Notes in Computer Zeng, Z., Fu, Y., Roisman, G., Wen, Z., Hu, Y., and Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Huang, T. One-class classification for spontaneous Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 694-703 facial expression analysis. 7th International Conference (2006). on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 7th Velivelli, A. and Huang, T. Automatic video annotation International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture by mining speech transcripts. 2006 Conference on Recognition 281-286 (2006). Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (New York, NY, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Zhang, Z., Hu, Y., Yu, T., and Huang, T. Minimum Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition variance estimation of 3D face shape from multi-view. Workshops 1640558 (2006). 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006). Velivelli, A., Huang, T., and Hauptmann, A. Video shot Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on retrieval using a kernel derived from a continuous Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 547-552 (2006). HMM (hidden Markov model). Multimedia Content Analysis, Management, and Retrieval 2006 (San Jose, CA, Zhang, Z., Potamianos, G., Chu, S., Tu, J., and Huang, T. Jan. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society Person tracking in smart rooms using dynamic for Optical Engineering 607311 (2006). programming and adaptive subspace learning. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (Toronto, ON, Jul. 2006).
124 Zhang, Z., Potamianos, G., Liu, M., and Huang, T. Robust Young, M. Representing virtual world spaces in multi-view multi-camera face detection inside smart description logic. M.S. thesis, N. Ahuja, advisor (2006). rooms using spatio-temporal dynamic programming. 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Yu, T. Geometric and photometric modeling of 3D Gesture Recognition (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006). scenes from multiple views. Ph.D. thesis, N. Ahuja, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on advisor (2006). Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 407-412 (2006). Advanced Processing and Circuits Zhou, J., Cunha, A., and Do, M. Nonsubsampled contourlet transform: Construction and application in Lanford, W. Process development for aluminum enhancement. 2005 International Conference on Image gallium nitride-based enhancement-and depletion- Processing (Genova, Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the mode HEMTs. Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida, advisor (2006). 2005 International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. I, 469-472 (2006). Zhao, W. Monolithic integration of thermally stable enhancement-mode and depletion-mode InP HEMTs Zhou, Y. and Huang, T. Weighted Bayesian network for utilizing Ir-gate and Ag-ohmic contact technologies. visual tracking. 18th International Conference on Pattern Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida, advisor (2006). Recognition (Hong Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition 523-526 (2006). Aeronomy Solid State Devices Milla, M. Ionospheric electron density and Te/Ti estimation using incoherent scatter power data collected at ALTAIR. M.S. thesis, E. Kudeki, advisor Chuang, S., Kim, J., Kondratko, P., Walter, G., (2006). Holonyak, N., Heller, R., Zhang, X., and Dupuis, R. Tunneling injection quantum-dot lasers. Progress in Wallace, A. VHF and UHF radar observations of Semiconductor Materials V: Novel Materials and postsunset E-region turbulence with ALTAIR. M.S. Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications (Boston, MA, thesis, E. Kudeki, advisor (2006). Nov. 2005). Proceedings of Progress in Semiconductor Materials V: Novel Materials and Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications 51-58 (2006). Audio Signal Processing
Ehmann, A. Analysis/synthesis of harmonic musical Tunneling Microscopy sounds using vector quantization. M.S. thesis, J. Beauchamp, advisor (2006). Ruppalt, L., Albrecht, P., and Lyding, J. UHV-STM study of single-walled carbon nanotubes applied to the GaAs (110) and InAs(110) surfaces. 10th International Bioacoustics Conference on the Formation of Semiconductor Interfaces (Aix-en-Provence, France, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the Lobdell, B. An information theoretic tool for 10th International Conference on the Formation of investigating speech perception. M.S. thesis, J. Allen, Semiconductor Interfaces 31-34 (2006). advisor (2006).
Yapa, N. Narrow-band speech and pitch detection Theses thresholds: Comparison of human performance with critical band models. M.S. thesis, J. Allen, advisor Advanced Automation (2006).
Wang, H. Recognition, mining, synthesis and estimation (RMSE) for large-scale visual data using multilinear models. Ph.D. thesis, N. Ahuja, advisor (2006).
125 Ko, G. Behavioral modeling and simulation of phase Circuits noise and jitter in phase shifters using PLL in MIMO phased array system. M.S. thesis, A. Poon, advisor Arshad, A. Algorithms and architectures for soft- (2006). decoding Reed-Solomon codes. Ph.D. thesis, N. R. Shanbhag, advisor (2006). McClain, M. Semantic-based learning of syntax in an autonomous robot. Ph.D. thesis, S. E. Levinson, advisor Bhatia, K. A compact, ESD-protected, BiCMOS low (2006). noise amplifier for ultra-wideband applications. M.S. thesis, E. Rosenbaum, advisor (2006). Nguyen, K. A natural-sampling conversion algorithm for digital pulse width modulators. M.S. thesis, D. Chen, V. Design of high-speed receiver front end for Sarwate, advisor (2006). multigigabits data link. M.S. thesis, E. Rosenbaum, advisor (2006). Pazos, S. On the pseudo-distance of LDPC codes. M.S. thesis, R. Koetter, advisor (2006). Disarro, J. Characterization, modeling, and simulation of the transient behavior of silicon-controlled rectifiers Ratnakar, N. Optimized network coding for wireless for electrostatic discharge protection circuits. M.S. and Aref networks. Ph.D. thesis, R. Koetter, advisor thesis, E. Rosenbaum, advisor (2006). (2006).
Liu, Z. Optimal ordering of random walks in power Rivera, R. 360-degree object recognition using SIFT grid analysis. M.S. thesis, M. D. Wong, advisor (2006). features with autonomous model building. M.S. thesis, S. E. Levinson, advisor (2006). Pawlowski, D. Boundary-based cellwise OPC. M.S. thesis, M. D. Wong, advisor (2006). Sanghavi, S. Decentralized network algorithms. Ph.D. thesis, B. Hajek, advisor (2006). Sridhara, S. Communication-inspired design of on-chip buses. Ph.D. thesis, N. R. Shanbhag, advisor (2006). Sethuraman, V. On communication over correlated fading channels with practical power constraints. Ph.D. Tseng, R. Level-sensitive retiming for process thesis, B. Hajek, advisor (2006). variation-tolerant digital circuit design. M.S. thesis, N. R. Shanbhag, advisor (2006). Tavildar, S. Source and channel coding for wireless networks. Ph.D. thesis, P. Viswanath, advisor (2006). Zhang, M. Analysis and design of soft-error tolerant circuits. Ph.D. thesis, N. R. Shanbhag, advisor (2006). Traskov, D. Code construction for the multiple unicast based on linear and integer programming. M.S. thesis, Communications R. Koetter, advisor (2006).
Bui, L. Joint asynchronous congestion control and Zhao, Z. Two-dimensional information transmission. distributed scheduling for multihop wireless networks Ph.D. thesis, R. E. Blahut, advisor (2006). with heterogeneous links. M.S. thesis, R. Srikant, advisor (2006). Computer Engineering
Gupta, A. Low-complexity distributed scheduling Chereddi, C. System architecture for multichannel algorithms for wireless networks. M.S. thesis, R. multi-interface wireless networks. M.S. thesis, N. H. Srikant, advisor (2006). Vaidya, advisor (2006).
Kiyavash, N. Information theoretic limits for secure Ko, W. Machine descriptors for retargetable multimedia and magnetic recording. Ph.D. thesis, R. E. parallelization. Ph.D. thesis, C. Polychronopoulos, Blahut, advisor (2006). advisor (2006).
126 Melnyk, M. A study of IMS (IP multimedia subsystem) signaling performance. M.S. thesis, C. Digital Signal and Imaging Processing Polychronopoulos, advisor (2006). Garcia, F. An iterative algorithm for recovery of sparse Nichols, M. Implementation of Monte Carlo financial complex data from sparse Fourier measurements. M.S. derivative pricing for a physics processing unit. M.S. thesis, Y. Bresler, advisor (2006). thesis, S. J. Patel, advisor (2006). Electromagnetic Communication and Spadini, F. Idiom analysis: A novel approach to dataflow redundancy identification. M.S. thesis, S. J. Electronics Packaging Patel, advisor (2006). Deng, Z. CAD implementation of finite difference algorithms for the analysis of high-speed circuits. Ph.D. Decision and Control thesis, J. E. Schutt-Aine, advisor (2006).
Alpcan, T. Noncooperative games for control of Kuo, S. PCB design and simulation with Cadence networked systems. Ph.D. thesis, M. T. Basar, advisor Allegro 15.5. M.S. thesis, J. E. Schutt-Aine, advisor (2006). (2006). Giridhar, A. In-network computation in wireless sensor networks. Ph.D. thesis, P. R. Kumar, advisor (2006). Electromagnetics
Hong, W. Hybrid models for representation of imagery Alvey, G. Investigation of techniques for isolating cosite data. Ph.D. thesis, Y. Ma, advisor (2006). microstrip patch antennas. M.S. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, advisor (2006). Le, T. Max-product algorithms for the generalized multiple fault diagnosis problem. M.S. thesis, S. A. Banasiak, J. Investigation of the radar cross section of Hutchinson, advisor (2006). finite frequency selective surface arrays. M.S. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, advisor (2006). Plarre, K. Problems in sensor networks: Inference, localization, and motion estimation. Ph.D. thesis, P. R. Correia, D. A higher-order perfectly matched layer for Kumar, advisor (2006). open-region, waveguide, and periodic electromagnetic problems. Ph.D. thesis, J. Jin, advisor (2006). Wagner, A. Subspace methods for the identification of hybrid linear systems. M.S. thesis, Y. Ma, advisor Fladie, J. Investigation and analysis of sectioned (2006). substrate microstrip patch antennas. M.S. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, advisor (2006). Xue, F. Design and analysis of wireless networks: Connectivity, coverage, and capacity. Ph.D. thesis, P. R. Huff, G. A radiation reconfigurable magnetic line Kumar, advisor (2006). source antenna: Modeling, integration with RF MEMS, and applications. Ph.D. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, advisor Yalavarti, A. Architecture and implementation for (2006). plant emulation in networked control systems. M.S. thesis, P. R. Kumar, advisor (2006). Lou, Z. Time-domain finite-element simulation of large antennas and antenna arrays. Ph.D. thesis, J. Jin, advisor Yang, A. Estimation of subspace arrangements: Its (2006). algebra and statistics. Ph.D. thesis, Y. Ma, advisor (2006). Saville, M. Multilevel multipole-free fast algorithm for electromagnetic scattering problems in layered media. Yin, Z. Trust-based game-theoretic intrusion Ph.D. thesis, W. C. Chew, advisor (2006). detection. M.S. thesis, M. T. Basar, advisor (2006).
Yuksel, S. Transmission of information in control systems. Ph.D. thesis, M. T. Basar, advisor (2006).
127 Soldner, N. Design and analysis of electrically small, Sung, S. Silicon microcavity plasma devices: inductively loaded, dual-sector antennas for surface Ultraviolet emission and addressability. M.S. thesis, J. sensing applications. M.S. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, advisor G. Eden, advisor (2006). (2006).
Wang, R. Finite element-boundary integral analysis of Optoelectronics electromagnetic scattering by discrete bodies of Akkineni, H. A study of type-II superlattice revolution. M.S. thesis, J. Jin, advisor (2006). photodetectors. M.S. thesis, S. L. Chuang, advisor (2006). High Frequency Devices Chang, S.-W. Slow light based on quantum effects in Dixon, F. Visible spectrum light-emitting transistors. quantum wells and quantum dots. Ph.D. thesis, S. L. M.S. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2006). Chuang, advisor (2006).
Chen, C. Temperature analysis of threshold current in Optical Imaging infrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. M.S. thesis, K. D. Choquette, advisor (2006). Ko, H.-J. Imaging and characterization of optical scattering changes in single neurons using optical Fisher, M. Tunable optical group delay in active coherence microscopy. M.S. thesis, S. A. Boppart, semiconductor optoelectronic devices. Ph.D. thesis, S. advisor (2006). L. Chuang, advisor (2006).
Ralston, T. Interfermetric synthetic aperture Giannopoulos, A. Integrated vertical-cavity surface- microscopy. Ph.D. thesis, S. A. Boppart, advisor (2006). emitting lasers and PIN photodetectors for sensing and bidirectional optical links. M.S. thesis, K. D. Choquette, Schlachter, S. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence advisor (2006). tomography: Characterization, calibration, and quantification. M.S. thesis, S. A. Boppart, advisor (2006). Grasso, D. Output characteristics and high-speed modulation of composite-resonator vertical-cavity Schoonover, R. Singular optics of focused fields. M.S. lasers. Ph.D. thesis, K. D. Choquette, advisor (2006). thesis, P. S. Carney, advisor (2006). Kasten, A. Fabrication and characterization of cascade Optical Physics and Engineering and individually addressable, 2-dimensional, hexagonal, vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser Chan, L. Characterization of sensitivity-enhanced, low- arrays. M.S. thesis, K. D. Choquette, advisor (2006). index porous dielectric photonic crystal optical biosensor and image-based self-referencing method. Kim, J. Optical and electrical properties of novel M.S. thesis, B. T. Cunningham, advisor (2006). quantum dot lasers and amplifiers. Ph.D. thesis, S. L. Chuang, advisor (2006). Dobbs, D. Optically tunable photonic crystal reflectance filters. M.S. thesis, B. T. Cunningham, Lerttamrab, M. Design and characterization of advisor (2006). quantum-cascade lasers. Ph.D. thesis, S. L. Chuang, advisor (2006). Mathias, P. Combined enhanced fluorescence and label-free biomolecular detection with a photonic Petschke, A. Theory, fabrication, and characterization crystal surface. M.S. thesis, B. T. Cunningham, advisor of antimony-based type II superlattice photodiodes. (2006). M.S. thesis, S. L. Chuang, advisor (2006). Ricconi, B. Microcavity plasmas in rare gas/water Power and Energy Systems vapor mixtures: Ultraviolet emission from the hydroxyl radical. M.S. thesis, J. G. Eden, advisor (2006). Balog, R. Autonomous local control in distributed DC power systems. Ph.D. thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor (2006).
128 Chen, D. Development and fabrication of hybrid LC Kelm, J. Operating system interfaces to reconfigurable devices on silicon. M.S. thesis, P. L. Chapman, advisor systems. M.S. thesis, S. S. Lumetta, advisor (2006). (2006). Longino, J. Boolean blunders: Identification and Cheng, X. Electricity market pricing, risk hedging and assessment of student misconceptions in a digital logic modeling. Ph.D. thesis, T. J. Overbye, advisor (2006). course. M.S. thesis, M. C. Loui, advisor (2006).
Cooper, B. Maximum utilization of on-base emergency Malik, K. Confidence based out-of-order register generation after sustained utility outage. M.S. thesis, P. renaming for dynamically multithreaded processors. W. Sauer, advisor (2006). M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor (2006).
Green, B. Field-oriented control of multiple induction Nakka, N. Reliability and security engine: A processor- machines connected in parallel. M.S. thesis, P. W. Sauer, level framework for application-aware detection and advisor (2006). recovery. Ph.D. thesis, R. K. Iyer, advisor (2006).
Maggio, D. Transmission corridor analysis using Sanghavi, S. A decoupled instruction prefetch power transfer distribution factors. M.S. thesis, T. J. mechanism for high throughput. M.S. thesis, M. I. Overbye, advisor (2006). Frank, advisor (2006).
Meinhart, M. Microcontroller implementation of Stephano, K. Polyflow binary rewriter: A binary modulation-based selective harmonic elimination. rewriter for whole program analysis and optimization. M.S. thesis, P. L. Chapman, advisor (2006). M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor (2006).
Pullolicikal, M. Stochastic transmission line revenues Watson, B. Filtered backprojection implementation for with outages. M.S. thesis, P. W. Sauer, advisor (2006). a field-programmable gate array. M.S. thesis, W. W. Hwu, advisor (2006). Savageau, D. Adaptive influence distance algorithm for contouring bus-based power system data. M.S. thesis, T. J. Overbye, advisor (2006). Remote Sensing
Smith, J. Algorithm to determine minimum Comberiate, J. Tomographic imaging and contingency set in voltage collapse scenario. M.S. thesis, characterization of ionosphere equatorial plasma P. W. Sauer, advisor (2006). irregularities with the global ultraviolet imager. Ph.D. thesis, F. Kamalabadi, advisor (2006). Wells, J. Generalized selective harmonic control. Ph.D. thesis, P. L. Chapman, advisor (2006). Semiconductors
Zhang, G. Torque-angle based analysis and control of Bharthuar, A. Development of graphical user interfaces induction machines. Ph.D. thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor to applications in computational electronics. M.S. (2006). thesis, U. Ravaioli, advisor (2006). Reliable and High-Performance Hosmane, S. Ex situ processing and regrowth in molecular beam epitaxy. M.S. thesis, K. Hsieh, advisor Computing (2006).
Chan, H. Memory dependence prediction using store Pandya, S. Algorithm, ASIC, and system-level design sets with training sets. M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor and implementation for biomimetric MEMS flow (2006). sensors. M.S. thesis, K. Cheng, advisor (2006).
Griffith, M. Dynamic partitioning of stochastic Ravishankar, R. Simulation of nanoscale silicon devices networks of molecular interactions. M.S. thesis, W. H. with combined Monte Carlo/quantum approaches. Sanders, advisor (2006). M.S. thesis, M. D. Wong, advisor (2006).
129 Ryu, K. Components and technology development for personal diagnostics laboratory. Ph.D. thesis, C. Liu, Tunneling Microscopy advisor (2006). Dimitrov, V. Small-signal performance and modeling Tehranchi, F. A double-gate, metal-oxide of sub-50-nm NMOSFETs with fT above 450 GHz. semiconductor structure for modulation of the M.S., G. L. Timp, advisor (2006). hyperfine interaction in phosphorus-doped Si-device. M.S. thesis, J. Leburton, advisor (2006). Awards and Honors Vidal, J. Electrically tunable solid-state nanopore. M.S. thesis, J. Leburton, advisor (2006). Ilesanmi Adesida Scientific Member, Bohmische Physical Society Wu, B.-R. Molecular beam epitaxy of gallium arsenide Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers antimonide-based ultra-high-speed double (IEEE) heterojunction bipolar transistors and light emitting Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding transistors. Ph.D. thesis, K. Cheng, advisor (2006). Advising, University of Illinois, 1993, 1999 Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Electronic Device Society, 1977-1999 Signal and Image Processing University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1997, 1999 Associate Member, Center for Advanced Study, Lee, B. Robust speech recognition in a car using a 2000-2001 microphone array. Ph.D. thesis, M. A. Hasegawa- Johnson, advisor (2006). Narendra Ahuja Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Liu, T. Some information-theoretic aspects of reliable Science communication with transmitter-side information. Fellow, American Association for Artificial Intelligence Ph.D. thesis, P. Moulin, advisor (2006). Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Narayanan, S. Stability analysis and performance Fellow, International Association for Pattern Recognition evaluation of asynchronous sensor networks. M.S. Fellow, International Society for Optical Engineering thesis, D. L. Jones, advisor (2006). University Scholar, University of Illinois Sachs, D. A new framework for hierarchical cross-layer Beckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for adaptation. Ph.D. thesis, D. L. Jones, advisor (2006). Advanced Study, 1990-1991 Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Sethi, A. Interaction between modules in learning Study, 1998 systems for vision applications. Ph.D. thesis, T. S. Donald Biggar Willet Professorship, University of Illinois Huang, advisor (2006). College of Engineering, 1999 Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their Thin Films and Charged Particles Students, 2002 Jont Allen Choy, Y. Investigation on uniform biomaterial-based IBM Faculty Award, 2004 microspheres with precisely controlled size and size distribution for development of advanced drug delivery Tangul Basar systems. Ph.D. thesis, K. Kim, advisor (2006). Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Hong, S.-J. Development of GaN-based power Faculty Initiate Eta Kappa Nu, 1990 electronic devices using plasma-assisted molecular Tokten Fellow, United Nations, 1991 beam epitaxy. Ph.D. thesis, K. Kim, advisor (2006). Engineering Council Advisors List for Excellence in Advising, University of Illinois, 1997
Tamer Basar Member, National Academy of Engineering
130 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Stephen G. Bishop (IEEE) Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Fellow, International Federation of Automatic Control Science (IFAC) Fellow, American Physical Society Member, European Academy of Sciences Fellow, Optical Society of America President, International Society of Dynamic Games, Board of Trustees, Gettysburg College, 1992-2006 1990-1992, 1992-1994 Editor, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Richard Blahut 1992-1994 Member, National Academy of Engineering, 1990 Nearing Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Fellow, IBM, 1980 Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 1998- Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Zaborszky Lecturer, Washington University, St. Louis, 1981 1999 Fellowship, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, IEEE Millennium Medal, 2000 1982 President, IEEE Control Systems Society, 2000 Henry Magnuski Professor, 2000 NASA "Revolutionize Aviation Goal" Award, 2001 Claude E. Shannon Award, Institute of Electrical and Honorary Editor, J. Applied and Computational Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2005 Mathematics, 2002- Penner Distinguished Lecturer, University of California, Stephen Boppart San Diego, 2003 Xerox Faculty Award for Research, University of Illinois Editor-in-Chief, Automatica, 2004- College of Engineering, 2002 Tau Beta Pi Daniel C. Drucker Eminent Faculty Award, Top 100 Young Innovators in the World, Technology University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004 Review Magazine's, 2002 Hendrik W. Bode Lecture Prize, IEEE Control Systems Everitt Award for Teaching Excellence, University of Society, 2004 Illinois College of Engineering, 2003, 2005 Giorgio Quazza Medal, IFAC, 2005 Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Outstanding Service Award, IFAC, 2005 Award, National Science Foundation, 2004 Professor, Center for Advanced Study, University of Young Alumni Achievement Award, University of Illinois Illinois, 2005- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award, American 2005 Automatic Control Council (AACC), 2006 Tau Beta Pi Outstanding Alumni Award, University of Illinois, 2005 James Beauchamp, Emeritus Early Career Achievement Award, Institute of Electrical Fellow, Audio Engineering Society, 1981 and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Engineering in Past President, International Computer Music Association, Medicine and Biology Society, 2005 1981-1983 Excellence in Advising, University of Illinois Engineering Fellow, Acoustical Society of America, 1999 Council, 2006
Jennifer Bernhard Yoram Bresler New Faculty Fellow, Sloan, 1997 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Faculty Fellow, NASA-ASEE, 1999, 2000 (IEEE) Collins Scholar, University of Illinois College of Technion Fellowship, 1995-1996 Engineering, 2000 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1999 Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Engineers (IEEE), 2001 Study, 2001-2002 Willett Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2002-2005 Donna J. Brown Accenture Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Outstanding Young Woman of America, 1984 Advising, University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004 Marie-Christine Brunet H. A. Wheeler Applications Prize Paper Award, IEEE College of Engineering Advisors Lists, 2003, 2004 Antennas and Propagation Society, 2004 College of Engineering Outstanding Advisors List, 2006
131 Andreas Cangellaris Shun L. Chuang Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, American Physical Society (IEEE) Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Patrick Chapman Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Fellow, Optical Society of America Award, National Science Foundation, 2002 EPSRC Fellow, Visiting Professor at Cavendish Grainger Associate, 2002- Laboratory, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Engineering Excellence Award, Optical Society of Keh-Yung Cheng America Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced (IEEE), 2001 Study, 1995 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Sabbatical Chair, Sony Research Center, Japan, 1995 Science (AAAS), 2004 Distinguished Lecturer Award, IEEE Lasers and Electro- Ministry of Education Distinguished Visiting Chair Optics Society (LEOS), 2004-2005 Professor, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Distinguished Lecturer Award, IEEE LEOS, 2005-2006 Taiwan, 2003-2004 Paul D. Coleman, Emeritus Weng C. Chew Fellow, American Physical Society Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 1993- (IEEE) Founder Professorship, University of Illinois College of Fellow, Optical Society of America Engineering, 1999-2005 Honorary Doctor of Science, Susquehanna University ISI Most Highly Cited Author (top 0.5%), 2002- Fellow, American Association Advancement of Science Fellow, Optical Society of America, 2003- Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984 Fellow, Institute of Physics, 2004 Y. T. Lo Endowed Chair Professor, University of Illinois James J. Coleman Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of 2005- Science Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE AP, 2005- Fellow, American Physical Society Cheng Tsang Man Visiting Professor, Nanyang Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Technological University, Singapore, 2006- (IEEE) IBM Faculty Award, 2006 Fellow, Optical Society of America IEEE LEOS William Streifer Scientific Achievement Yun Chiu Award CalView Teaching Fellow Award, University of California Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE, 1997-1998, 1998-1999 College of Engineering, 2003 Franklin Woeltge Professorship, University of Illinois Jack Kilby Outstanding Student Paper Award, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 2002 International Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2005 Chunhui Award for Foreign Visiting Scholars, China's Minh Do Ministry of Education, 2006 Best Doctoral Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, 2001 Kent Choquette Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award, Fellow, IEEE/Laser and Electro-Optical Society National Science Foundation, 2003 Fellow, Optical Society of America Best Paper Award at the Institute of Electrical and Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE/Laser and Electro-Optical Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Conference Society, 2000-2001 on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005 Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE/Laser and Electro-Optical Fellow, Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois, Society, 2001-2002 2006 Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising, Most Innovative Paper Award, IEEE International University of Illinois, 2004 Conference on Image Processing, 2006 Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent, 2006
132 Floyd Dunn, Emeritus Faculty Advisors List, University of Illinois College of Member, National Academy of Engineering Engineering, 2001, 2004 Member, National Academy of Sciences Awards Chair, IEEE LEOS, 2003, 2004 Fellow and Past President, Acoustical Society of America Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE LEOS, 2003-2005 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Aron Kressel Award, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Science Engineers Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2005 Fellow, American Institute of Engineering in Medicine and Biology Milton Feng Fellow, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow (founding), International Academy for Medical and (IEEE) Biological Engineering Fellow, Optical Society of America Fellow, Institute of Acoustics, United Kingdom Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Advising, University of Illinois College of Engineering, (IEEE) 1995, 1996, 1998 Honorary Member, Japan Society for Ultrasound in Associate Member, University of Illinois Center for Medicine Advanced Study, 1998 Honorary Member, Rochester Center for Biomedical Nick Holonyak, Jr. Professorship, University of Illinois, Ultrasound 2000-2005 Research Fellow, National Institutes of Health Best Student Paper Award, International GaAs Eleanor Roosevelt International Cancer Fellow, American Manufacturing Conference, 2003 Cancer Society, 1982-1983 Senior Fellow, Fulbright-Hays, 1982-1983 Steven J. Franke Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 1982, Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics 1996 Engineers University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1988 Fogarty International Fellow, 1990 Leon A. Frizzell, Emeritus Life Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Fellow, Acoustical Society of America Engineers, 2000 Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering J. Gary Eden Fellow, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Fellow, American Physical Society Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Engineers (IEEE) Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Fellow, Optical Society of America Advising, University of Illinois, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Study, 1987-1988 Chester S. Gardner Board of Governors, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Society, 1990-1993 Science Associate Editor, Photonics Technology Letters, Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1990-1994 (IEEE) Vice President (Technical Affairs), IEEE Lasers and Fellow, Optical Society of America Electro-Optics Society, (LEOS), 1993-1995 R. V. Pole Memorial Plenary Lecturer, IEEE/OSA Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1991 1996-2002 CEDAR Prize Lecture, National Science Foundation, 1996 Editor, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 1996 George Gross James F. Towey University Scholar, University of Illinois, Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1996-1999 (IEEE) President, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Grainger Professor in Electrical Engineering, University of (LEOS), 1998 Illinois College of Engineering, 1993-1998 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Christoforos Hadjicostis Fellow, Josephine de Karman
133 Fellow, National Semiconductor Corporation Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Grass Instrument Company (IEEE) Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Fellow, American Physical Society Award, National Science Foundation, 2001 Louis A. Fridrich University Scholar, 1993 Recognized Reviewer of Institute of Electrical and Swanlund Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transaction on University of Illinois, 1996- Automatic Control, 2001 Professor, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award, University of Study, 1998- Illinois Electrical and Computer Engineering Honorary Doctor of Sciences, ETH Zuerich, 2003 Department, 2003 Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising, Nick Holonyak, Jr. University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004 Member, National Academy of Engineering Willett Faculty Scholar, University of Illinois College of Member, National Academy of Sciences Engineering, 2005 Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Senior Member, IEEE, 2005 Life Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Bruce Hajek Fellow, Optical Society of America Member, National Academy of Engineering Fellow, American Physical Society Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Member, Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois (IEEE) John Scott Medal, City of Philadelphia, 1975 Beckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for Edison Medal, IEEE, 1989 Advanced Study, 1984 National Medal of Science, 1990 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1986 Honorary Doctor of Science, Northwestern University, Fellow, J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, 1992 1992 President, IEEE Information Theory Society, 1995 Honorary Member, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, St. Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award, Petersburg, Russia, 1992 IEEE, 2003 Centennial Medal, American Society for Engineering Education, 1993 Ibrahim Hajj, Emeritus John Bardeen Chair Professor of Electrical and Computer Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering and of Physics, University of Illinois, 1993- (IEEE) Honorary Doctor of Engineering, Notre Dame University, Administrative Vice President, IEEE Circuits and Systems 1994 Society, 2000, 2001, 2002 Fellow, International Engineering Consortium Eminent Member of Eta Kappa Nu Lippold Haken Distinguished Alumnus of Tau Beta Pi Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Students, University of Illinois, 2006 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Frederic Ives Medal of the Optical Society of America, Mark Hasegawa-Johnson 2001 Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics National Medal of Technology, 2002 Engineers (IEEE) Fellow, American Association Advancement Science F. V. Hunt Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Acoustical IEEE Medal of Honor, 2003 Society of America, 1996-1997 Global Energy International Prize, 2003 Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Washington Award, Western Society of Engineers, 2004 Award, National Science Foundation, 2002 Lemelson-MIT Prize, 2004 Von Hippel Award, Materials Research Society, 2004 Karl Hess, Emeritus Member, National Academy of Engineering, 2001 Thomas S. Huang Member, National Academy of Sciences, 2003 Member, National Academy of Engineering Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Engineering Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences Science
134 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computerworld Medal Honors, 2002 (IEEE) Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award, University of Fellow, International Association of Pattern Recognition Illinois Electrical and Computer Engineering Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Department, 2002 Fellow, Optical Society of America (SPIE) Sanders III Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Endowed Chair, Fellow, The International Optical Society University of Illinois Electrical and Computer Fellow, J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, 1971 Engineering Department, 2003 Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced IEEE Micro's Top Picks, Microarchitecture Conference, Study, 1990 2005 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1990 Fujitsu Endowed Chair Visiting Professor, University of Ravishankar K. Iyer Tokyo, 1993 Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Signal Processing Society, Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1993-1994 (IEEE) William L. Everitt Distinguished Professor, University of Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Illinois, 1996- Science Peter H. Bartels Visiting Professor, University of Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Washington, 1997 Astronautics Center for Advanced Study Professor, University of Distinguished Visitor, IEEE, 1989- Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2003- Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Honored as a Pioneer in Signal Processing at the IEEE Advising, University of Illinois, 1994, 1996, 2001 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Distinguished Service Certificate, American Institute of Signal Processing, 1998 Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 George and Ann Fisher Distinguished Professor, IEEE Jack Kilby Medal, 2001 University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1998- King-Sun Fu Prize, International Association Pattern Recognition, 2002 Kanti Jain Pan Wen-Yuan Foundation Outstanding Research Award, Member, Board of Directors, International Society for 2002 Optical Engineering (SPIE), 1992-1994 IBM Faculty Award, 2002, 2003 Member, Executive Committee, Board of Directors, SPIE, Tau Beta Pi Daniel Drucker Eminent Engineering Faculty 1992, 1993 Award, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Editor, Microlithography World, Pennwell Publishing 2005 Company and SPIE, 1992-2004 Okawa Award for Information and Telecommunication Publications Chair, International Society for Optical Technology, 2005 Engineering, 1992, 1993 Scientist of the Year Award, Society for Imaging Science Fellow, International Society for Optical Engineering, and Technology and SPIE Electronic Imaging, 2006 1993 Founding Member, Department of Physics Advisory Wen-Mei Hwu Board, University of Illinois, 1998-2002 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Optical Society of America, 1999 (IEEE) Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Certificate of Appreciation, for Service as Both General 2005 and Program Chair for the Silver Anniversary MICRO Conference, IEEE Computer Society Jianming Jin Fellow, Association of Computing Machinery Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Influential Paper Award, International Society for Henry Magnuski Outstanding Young Scholar, 1998-2000 Computers and Their Applications, 1991 Intel Associate Professor, University of Illinois Electrical Douglas L. Jones and Computer Engineering Department, 1992-1993 Fulbright Fellowship, 1987 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1994 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Franklin W. Woeltge Professorship, University of Illinois Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 2000
135 Farzad Kamalabadi Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Power Electronics Society Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Award, National Science Foundation, 2002 P. R. Kumar Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Sung-Mo Kang, Emeritus (IEEE) Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Franklin W. Woeltge Professor of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, University of Illinois, 2000- Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Field Award, Control Systems, IEEE Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Jean-Pierre Leburton Foreign Member, National Academy of Engineering of Member, New York Academy of Science Korea Fellow, American Association for Advancement of President, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1991 Science SRC Inventor Recognition Award, 1993, 1996, 2002 Fellow, American Physical Society Series Editor, Elsevier, 1994-1997 Fellow, Electro Chemical Society Charles Marshall University Scholar, University of Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Illinois, 1995 Fellow, Optical Society of America Golden Jubilee Medal, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced 1999 Study IEEE Millennium Medal, 2000 Hitachi Ltd. Quantum Materials Chair, Research Center President, Silicon Valley Engineering Council, 2002 for Advanced Sciences and Technology, University of Tokyo, 1992 Kyekyoon (Kevin) Kim Chevalier Dans L'Ordre Des Palmes Academiques, 1994 Overseas Member, National Academy of Engineering, King Albert II of Belgium, Round Table on the "Mobility Korea, 2002 of European Research Scientist" European Science and Technology Commission, 2001 Ralf Koetter Inaugural Montefiore Distinguished Lecture, Penn State Co-Editor-in-Chief, Special Issue of the IEEE University, 2002 Transactions on Information Theory Gregory Stillman Professor in Electrical and Computer Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Engineering, University of Illinois College of Communications, 1999-2000 Engineering, 2004 Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Information Gold Medal for Scientific Achievement, 75th Anniversary Theory, 2000- of the Alumnus Association of the University of Liege, Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Belgium, 2004 Award, National Science Foundation, 2000 Quantum Devices Award, Outstanding Achievement in the Incomplete List of Teachers Rated Excellent, University Area of Compound Semiconductor Research, 2004 of Illinois, 2000 Collins Scholar, University of Illinois, 2000 Stephen Levinson Willet Faculty Scholar, University of Illinois, 2002 Fellow, Acoustical Society of America Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Philip T. Krein Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Zhi-Pei Liang (IEEE) University Scholar Award William E. Newell Power Electronics Award, IEEE Beckman Fellow, University of Illinois Center for Grainger Endowed Director's Chair in Electric Machinery Advanced Study, 1997 and Electromechanics Henry Magnuski Scholar, University of Illinois College of Grainger Associate, University of Illinois Department of Engineering, 1999 Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1995-2002 Fulbright Scholar, 1997-1998 Daniel Liberzon Past President, IEEE Power Electronics Society Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1999-2002 Award, National Science Foundation, 2002 Division II Director, IEEE, 2003-2004 Young Author Prize, International Federation of Automatic Control, 2002
136 Chang Liu Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Academician, Academia Sinica, 1998 (IEEE) Searle Scholar, 1982 Michael C. Loui Named "one of the most distinguished Ph.D. recipients Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers over the past 50 years," University of Michigan, Horace (IEEE) H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, 1988 University Distinguished Teacher/Scholar Centennial Certificate, American Society for Engineering Carnegie Scholar, Carnegie Foundation for the Education, 1993 Advancement of Teaching Outstanding Advisor List, University of Illinois College of Executive Editor, College Teaching, 2006 Engineering, 1994, 1995 Educom Medal, 1996 Joseph W. Lyding Third Millennium Medal, 2000, IEEE, 2000 IBM Postdoctoral Fellow, 1983 Fellow, American Society of Electrical Engineers (ASEE), Beckman Fellow, University of Illinois Center for 2002 Advanced Study, 1987-1988 Meritorious Service Award, ASEE Electrical and Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Computer Engineering Division, 2002 Study, 1996-1997 Achievement Award, Education Society, IEEE, 2002 Fellow, American Physical Society, 1997 Alumni Society Merit Award, Biomedical Engineering University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1997 Department, University of Michigan, 2003 Fellow, American Vacuum Society, 2000 Distinguished Member Award, IEEE Education Society, 2005 Sean Meyn Most Outstanding Achievement in Online Teaching and Fulbright Research Scholar for Research on Optimization Learning by an Individual, Sloan Consortium, 2003 and Network Scheduling, 1997 William D. O'Brien, Jr. Pierre Moulin Founding Fellow, American Institute of Medical and Associate Editor, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Biological Engineering Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transactions on Information Fellow, Acoustical Society of America Theory, 1996-1998 Fellow and Past President, American Institute of Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their Ultrasound in Medicine Students, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2005 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Image (IEEE) Processing, 1999- Past President, American Institute of Ultrasound in Area Editor, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Medicine 2002- Past President, IEEE Sonics and Ultrasonics Group University of Illinois Center for Advanced Study, 2003 Past Treasurer, World Federation of Ultrasound in IEEE Fellow, 2003 Medicine and Biology Founding Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Honorary Member, Society of Vascular Technology Information Forensics and Security, 2005- Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984 Board of Governors, IEEE Signal Processing Society, Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, 2005- Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 1985-2001 Sony Faculty Award, 2005 Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control Society, 1997-1998 David Nicol IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Marion and Jason Whiting Fellowship, Oxford University, Donald Biggar Willet Professor of Engineering, College of 2000 Engineering, University of Illinois, 2003- Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Distinguished Service Award, IEEE Ultrasonics, Best Paper Award, IPSI Studenica Conference, 2004 Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society, 2003 Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising, Burks Oakley II University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004 Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their MERIT Award, National Institutes of Health, 2006 Students, 15 times, University of Illinois
137 Michael L. Oelze Umberto Ravaioli Fellow, National Institute of Health Post-Doctoral Fellow, Institute of Physics, 1999 Research, 2002-2004 Engineering Council Advisors List for Advising Excellence, University of Illinois, 1994, 1996, 1998, Thomas Overbye 2004, 2006 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Third Millennium Medal, 2000 2003 Grainger Associate, University of Illinois Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2002 Elyse Rosenbaum Sigma Xi Distinguished Lecturer, University of Illinois, Best Student Paper Award (co-author, faculty advisor), 2001-2003 Electronic Overstress/Electrostatic Discharge Alexander Schwarzkopf Prize for Technological Symposium, 2003 Innovation, National Science Foundation Industry/ Bliss Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois, 2005 University Cooperative Research Centers Program, IBM Faculty Award, 2006 2005 Distinguished Achievement Award, University Wisconsin William Sanders Madison College of Engineering, 2005 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery Janak H. Patel Elected Member, IFIP Working Group 10.4 on Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Dependable Computing (IEEE) Member, Sigma Xi Fellow, Association of Computing Machinery Member, Eta Kappa Nu Donald Biggar Willet Professor, University of Illinois Member, Motorola Research Visionary Board (RVB), College of Engineering, 1999 2005 Member, Advisory Board for the Computational Sciences William R. Perkins, Emeritus and Engineering Division (CSED) for Oak Ridge Life Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics National Laboratory, 2005 Engineers (IEEE) Elected Member, Board of Directors, ACM Sigmetrics, Past President, IEEE Control Systems Society 2001-2003, 2005-2007 Distinguished Member, IEEE Control Systems Society Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising, Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984 2002, 2002 Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Control Systems Society, Best Paper, Pacific Rim International Symposium on 1986-1987 Dependable Computing, Tsukuba, Japan, 2002 Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Press, 1992-1994 Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by their President, American Automatic Control Council, Students, University of Illinois, 2002, 2003 1996-1997 Donald Biggar Willett Professor of Engineering, IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2005
Constantine D. Polychronopoulos Dilip V. Sarwate Board of Directors, Association for Computing Machinery Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers SIGARCH (IEEE) Editor, International Journal of High-Speed Computing, 1989- Peter W. Sauer Mitsubishi Endowed Professorship, University of Tokyo, Member, National Academy of Engineering 1993 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) N. N. Rao U.S. Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, 1993 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Honorary Professional Degree in Electrical Engineering, (IEEE) University of Missouri-Rolla, 1995 Edward C. Jordan Professor of Electrical and Computer Academy of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering, University of Illinois, 2003 Missouri-Rolla, 1996
138 Outstanding Electrical Engineer Award, Purdue Gregory Timp University, 2004 Bell Laboratories Fellowship, 1978-1979 Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, Senior Member, IEEE, 2006 University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1999, Fellow, American Physical Society, 2006 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,2006 Senior Founding Member, American Academy of Grainger Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering, Nanomedicine University of Illinois, 1998- IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Timothy N. Trick, Emeritus Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Chalmers F. Sechrist, Jr., Emeritus Science Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (IEEE) Past President and Vice President, IEEE Education Society Fellow, International Engineering Consortium Past President, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Naresh Shanbhag Past Vice President, IEEE Publication Board Distinguished Lecturer, Institute of Electrical and Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984 Electronics Engineers Circuits and Systems Society, IEEE Board of Directors, 1986-1989 1997-1999 International Engineering Consortium Board of Directors, 1990-2005 Andrew Singer President, National Electrical Engineering Department Hughes Aircraft Graduate Fellow Heads Association, 1994-1995 Outstanding Undergraduate Advisor Award, University of Golden Jubilee Medal for Extraordinary Contributions to Illinois College of Engineering, 2002 the IEEE Circuit and Systems Society, 2000 Willett Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois, 2002 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 University Research Award, Semiconductor Industry Mark W. Spong Association, 2002 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Board of Governors, Eta Kappa Nu, 2002-2005 (IEEE) Phi Beta Kappa John Tucker Visiting Professor, Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium, Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics 1997 Engineers (IEEE) Editor, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Fellow, American Physical Society Technology, 1997-2000 Microwave Pioneer Award, IEEE, 2002 Visiting Professor, National University of Singapore, 1999 Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Nitin Vaidya Advising, University of Illinois, 1999, 2005 Distinguished Visitor Program Speaker, Institute of Senior U. S. Scientist Research Prize, Alexander von Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer Humboldt Foundation, Germany, 1999 Society, 1998-2001 Visiting Professor, Technical University of Munich, 2000 Best Paper Award, The Eighth International Conference on Vice President for Publications, IEEE Control Systems Personal Wireless Communications (PWC), Venice, Society, 2000-2002 2003 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Editor-in-Chief, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing Southwest Mechanics Lecture Series Distinguished and Communications Review (MC2R), 2003-2004 Speaker, 2001 Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Distinguished Member Award, IEEE Control Systems Computing, 2005- Society, 2002 O. Hugo Schuck Award, American Automatic Control Venu Veeravalli Council, 2002 Associate Editor, Detection & Estimation, IEEE Donald Biggar Willet Professor of Engineering, 2003 Transactions on Information Theory, 2001-2003 John R. Ragazzini Control Education Award, American Beckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for Automatic Control Council, 2004 Advanced Study, 2002-2003 President, IEEE Control Systems Society, 2005
139 Xerox Award for Faculty Research, University of Illinois Bruce C. Wheeler College of Engineering, 2003 Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering (IEEE), 2006 Editor in Chief, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Pramod Viswanath Honorary Knight of St. Pat, University of Illinois College Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) of Engineering, 1999 Award, National Science Foundation, 2003 Outstanding Medical Scholar Advisor, 2004
Benjamin W. Wah Martin Wong Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Science (AAAS) CAD Transactions Best Paper Award, 2000 Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery IBM Faculty Award, 2000, 2004 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers David Bruton Centennial Professor in Computer Sciences, (IEEE) University of Texas at Austin, 2001 Fellow, Society for Design and Process Science Best-of-20-Years ICCAD Paper, 2002 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1989 IEEE Distinguished Lecturer, 2005- IEEE Distinguished Visitor, 1989-1992 Fujitsu Visiting Chair Professor on Intelligence Engineering, University of Tokyo, 1992 Editor in Chief, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1993-1996 Associate Editor-in-Chief, Information Sciences, 1993- McKay Visiting Professorship, University of California, Berkeley, 1994 Second Vice President, IEEE Computer Society, 1998 First Vice President Elect, IEEE Computer Society, 1998 Robert T. Chien Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 1999-2003 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 President, IEEE Computer Society, 2001 Sun Yun-suan Honorary Chair Professor, National Tsinghua University, 2002 Raymond T. Yeh Life Time Achievement Award, Society for Design and Process Science, 2003 Franklin Woeltge Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 2004- First Prize, Suboptimal Temporal Metric Track, Fourth Intel Planning Competition, 2004 Best Paper Award, IEEE International Conference on Tools for Artificial Intelligence, 2005 W. Wallace-McDowell Medal, IEEE Computer Society, 2006
Andrew Webb Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Advising, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1995, 1998 Guest Professorship, University of Wurzburg, 2000-2001
140