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Poissons D'eaux Douces Et Saumâtres De Basse Guinée, Ouest De L’Afrique Centrale VOLUME 2

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Poissons D'eaux Douces Et Saumâtres De Basse Guinée, Ouest De L’Afrique Centrale VOLUME 2 Faune et flore tropicales Poissons d’eaux douces et saumâtres de basse Guinée, ouest de l’Afrique centrale VOLUME 2 Melanie L.J. Stiassny The Fresh and Guy G. Teugels Brackish Water Carl D. Hopkins Fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa Poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de basse Guinée, ouest de l’Afrique centrale VOLUME 2 The Fresh and Brackish Water Fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa VOLUME 2 La collection « Faune et flore tropicales », éditée par l’Orstom en 1962 puis par l’IRD, est coéditée depuis 2002 avec le Muséum national d’histoire naturelle. Les ouvrages, publiés en français, en anglais ou bilingues, sont consacrés aux vertébrés, aux invertébrés et aux espèces végétales des régions intertropicales. L’objectif de la collection est de diffuser les connaissances les plus récentes sur la systématique et la répartition des différents groupes, avec des contenus allant de la mise au point taxonomique jusqu’à des faunes et des flores complètes illustrées. Directeurs de collection : Didier PAUGY : [email protected] Bertrand RICHER DE FORGES : [email protected] Bart BUYCK : [email protected] Derniers volumes parus/Previous publications Flore de la Polynésie française (2 volumes) Jacques Florence, 1997 et 2004 Poissons d’eaux douces et saumâtres de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (2 volumes)/ The Fresh and Brackish Water Fishes of West Africa Didier Paugy, Christian Lévêque, Guy G. Teugels, 2003 Les serpents marins de Nouvelle-Calédonie/ Sea snakes of New Caledonia Ivan Ineich, Pierre Laboute, 2002 Melanie L. J. Stiassny, Guy G. Teugels† Carl D. Hopkins (éd.) Poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de basse Guinée, ouest de l’Afrique centrale VOLUME 2 The Fresh and Brackish Water Fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa VOLUME 2 Institut de recherche pour le développement Paris, France Muséum national d’histoire naturelle Paris, France Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale Tervuren, Belgique Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42 Paris, 2007 Préparation éditoriale, corrections Yolande Cavallazzi Maquette intérieure, mise en page Gris Souris (Montpellier) Maquette de couverture Michelle Saint-Léger Coordination, fabrication Élisabeth Lorne La loi du 1er juillet 1992 (code de la propriété intellectuelle, première partie) n’autorisant, aux termes des alinéas 2 et 3 de l’article L. 122-5, d’une part, que les « copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l’usage du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective » et, d’autre part, que les analyses et les courtes citations dans le but d’exemple ou d’illustration, « toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite sans le consentement de l’auteur ou de ses ayants droit ou ayants cause, est illicite » (alinéa 1er de l’article L. 122-4). Cette représentation ou reproduction, par quelque procédé que ce soit, constituerait donc une contrefaçon passible des peines prévues au titre III de la loi précitée. © IRD, Publications scientifiques du Muséum, MRAC, 2007 ISBN IRD, édition complète : 978-2-7099-1620-2 ISBN IRD, volume II : 978-2-7099-1622-6 ISBN MNHN, édition complète : 978-2-85653-577-6 ISBN MNHN, volume II : 978-2-85653-611-7 ISBN MRAC, édition complète : 978-9-0747-5222-0 ISBN MRAC, volume II : :978-9-0747-5221-3 ISSN : 1286-4994 POISSONS D'EAUX DOUCES ET SAUMÂTRES DE BASSE GUINÉE 4 SOMMAIRE/TABLE OF CONTENTS Principaux termes employés pour la détermination des poissons / Principal terms used for the identification of fishes 7 Clé pratique des familles / Practical key to families E. J. Vreven, M. L. J. Stiassny 27 Famille, genres et espèces de poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de basse Guinée / The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea: Families, genera and species 47 26. Poeciliidae J. R. Van Der Zee, T. Woeltjes, R. H. Wildekamp 48 / 49 27. Aplocheilidae J. R. Van Der Zee, T. Woeltjes, R. H. Wildekamp 80 / 81 28. Channidae G. G. Teugels 242 / 241 29. Polycentridae R. Britz 248 / 247 30. Anabantidae S. M. Norris 252 / 251 31. Cichlidae M. L. Stiassny, A. Lamboj, D. De Weirdt, G. G. Teugels 270 / 269 32. Latidae H. Liu 404 / 405 33. Lutjanidae H. Liu 408 / 407 34. Carangidae E. J. Vreven, J. Snoeks 416 / 415 35. Haemulidae J. Snoeks, E. J. Vreven 424 / 425 36. Sciaenidae E. J. Vreven, J. Snoeks 432 / 433 37. Monodactylidae E. J. Vreven 442 / 441 38. Polynemidae J. Snoeks, E. J. Vreven 446 / 445 39. Mugilidae I. J. Harrison 450 / 451 40. Eleotridae F. Pezold, I. J. Harrison, P. J. Miller 472 / 473 41. Gobiidae I. J. Harrison, P. J. Miller, F. Pezold 492 / 491 42. Microdesmidae I. J. Harrison, P. J. Miller, F. Pezold 546 / 545 43. Mastacembelidae E. J. Vreven 548 / 549 44. Tetraodontidae R. C. Schelly, M. R. De Carvalho 572 / 571 45. Syngnathidae J. Snoeks, E. J. Vreven 574 / 575 46. Cynoglossidae E. J. Vreven, G. G. Teugels 584 / 583 47. Paralichthyidae E. J. Vreven 588 / 589 Index des noms de familles, de genres et d'espèces / Index of family, genus and species names 593 THE FRESH AND BRACKISH WATER FISHES OF LOWER GUINEA, WEST-CENTRAL AFRICA FISHES OF LOWER GUINEA, WEST-CENTRAL THE FRESH AND BRACKISH WATER 5 CABINDA Figure 1 Carte de la basse Guinée montrant les principaux systèmes hydrographiques mentionnés dans le texte. Map of Lower Guinea showing the major drainage systems referred to in the text. POISSONS D'EAUX DOUCES ET SAUMÂTRES DE BASSE GUINÉE 6 PRINCIPAUX TERMES EMPLOYÉS POUR LA DÉTERMINATION DES POISSONS PRINCIPAL TERMS USED FOR THE IDENTIFCATION OF FISHES THE FRESH AND BRACKISH WATER FISHES OF LOWER GUINEA, WEST-CENTRAL AFRICA FISHES OF LOWER GUINEA, WEST-CENTRAL THE FRESH AND BRACKISH WATER 7 MORPHOLOGIE GÉNÉRALE - FORME DU CORPS Rapport longueur du corps sur hauteur du corps (L/H) (fig. 2) : • anguilliforme ou serpentiforme (Mastacembelidae…).....................L/H : 12-18 • très allongé (Polypteridae, Gymnarchidae…) .................................L/H : 7-10 • allongé (Alestidae, Cyprinidae…) ...................................................L/H : 4-6 • court ou moyen (Mochokidae, Tetraodontidae…) ..........................L/H : 3-4 • élevé (Haemulidae, Tilapia s. l. …) .................................................L/H : 2-3 • très élevé (Citharinidae, Monodactylidae…)...................................L/H : < 2 Figure 2 Forme générale du corps. Rapport longueur/hauteur. POISSONS D'EAUX DOUCES ET SAUMÂTRES DE BASSE GUINÉE General body shape. Ratio length/depth. 8 GENERAL MORPHOLOGY - BODY SHAPE Ratio body length/body depth (L/H) (fig. 2): • anguilliform or serpentiform (Mastacembelidae…) .........................L/H: 12-18 • strongly elongated (Polypteridae, Gymnarchidae…).......................L/H: 7-10 • elongated (Alestidae, Cyprinidae…)...............................................L/H: 4-6 • short or medium (Mochokidae, Tetraodontidae…) .........................L/H: 3-4 • deep (Haemulidae, Tilapia s. l. …)..................................................L/H: 2-3 • very deep (Citharinidae, Monodactylidae…)...................................L/H: <2 Cross-section of body (fig. 3): • laterally compressed (Citharinidae, Ephippidae…) (fig. 3A) • more or less rounded (Polypteridae, Mastacembelidae…) (fig. 3B) • dorso-ventrally depressed (Mochokidae, Clariidae…) (fig. 3C) • strongly depressed or dorso-ventrally flattened (Dasyatidae, Cynoglossidae…) (fig. 3D) Figure 3 Forme du corps en section transversale. Comprimé latéralement (A) ; plus ou moins arrondi (B) ; comprimé dorso-ventralement (C) ; aplati (D). Body shape in cross-section. Laterally compressed (A); more or less rounded (B); dorso-ventrally rounded (C); flattened (D). THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF A FISH (BONY FISHES) Head normally developed (Alestidae, certain Cyprinidae) (fig. 4B) or strongly elongate, forming a beak (rostrum) (Belonidae) Without going into details in osteology, (fig. 4C) ; in both cases, the mouth it is recognised that many external is called “terminal”. The jaws may also elements are essential in taxonomy to distinguish certain species. be unequal, the mouth then being either Wherever possible, each term defined superior (Aplocheilidae, Poeciliidae, here is illustrated schematically. Centropomidae) (fig. 4D), subinferior ■ Jaws: the premaxilla(e), (certain Mormyridae) (fig. 4E) or inferior the maxilla(e) and in certain families, (Mochokidae (fig. 4F). Finally, some the supramaxilla(e) of the upper jaw species have a protrusible or protractile are normally distinguished from mouth (Serranidae, Gerreidae) (fig. 4G). the mandible(s) of the lower jaw (fig. 4A). In certain genera, e.g., Labeo, Garra Depending on species or families, and Chiloglanis, the mouth has strongly the jaws may be equally long and developed lips sometimes forming AFRICA FISHES OF LOWER GUINEA, WEST-CENTRAL THE FRESH AND BRACKISH WATER 9 Section transversale (fig. 3) : • comprimé latéralement (Citharinidae, Ephippidae…) (fig. 3A) • plus ou moins rond (Polypteridae, Mastacembelidae…) (fig. 3B) • déprimé dorso-ventralement (Mochokidae, Clariidae…) (fig. 3C) • très comprimé dorso-ventralement ou aplati (Dasyatidae, Cynoglossidae…) (fig. 3D). LES DIFFÉRENTES PARTIES DU POISSON (POISSONS OSSEUX) La tête les mâchoires sont plus ou moins égales et normalement développées (Alestidae, certains Cyprinidae) Sans entrer dans le détail de l’ostéologie, plusieurs éléments (fig. 4B) ou très allongées en forme externes sont essentiels en taxinomie de bec (rostre) (Belonidae) (fig. 4C) ; pour différencier certaines espèces. dans les deux cas on parlera de bouche Dans la mesure du possible chaque terminale. Les mâchoires peuvent être terme défini ici est illustré par aussi inégales.
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