DOCSLIB.ORG

A Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Analysis of Cyprinodontiform Fishes (Teleostei, Atherinomorpha)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Analysis of Cyprinodontiform Fishes (Teleostei, Atherinomorpha) A PHYLOGENETIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF CYPRINODONTIFORM FISHES (TELEOSTEI, ATHERINOMORPHA) LYNNE R. PARENT] BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 168 : ARTICLE 1 NEW YORK : 1981 A PHYLOGENETIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF CYPRINODONTIFORM FISHES (TELEOSTEI, ATHERINOMORPHA) LYNNE R. PARENTI Department of Ichthyology American Museum of Natural History SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE FACULTY IN BIOLOGY OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 168 : ARTICLE 4 NEW YORK : 1981 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 168, article 4, pages 335-557, figures 1-99, tables 1-3 Issued September 3, 1981 Price: $14.35 a copy ISSN 0003-0090 This article completes Volume 168. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1981 CONTENTS Abstract 341 Introduction 341 Acknowledgments 344 Methods 346 Overview of Past Internal Classifications of Cyprinodontiform Fishes 349 Derived Characters of Cyprinodontiforms 354 Phylogenetic Analysis 365 Aplocheiloids (Group B) 367 Neotropical Aplocheiloids 375 Cladistic Summary of Neotropical Aplocheiloids 385 Old World Aplocheiloids 386 The Aphyosemion-Nothobranchius Group 389 The Aplocheilus-Pachypanchax-Epiplatys Group 394 Cladistic Summary of Old World Aplocheiloids 396 Cyprinodontoids (Group C) 397 Relationships of the Cyprinodontoids 404 Internal Fertilization and Viviparity 429 Cladistic Summary of the Cyprinodontoids 443 Group D 443 Fundulines 443 Group E 447 Group F 447 Group H 447 Jenynsia, Anableps, and Oxyzygonectes 448 Poeciliids, Fluviphylax, Pantanodon, and the Procatopines 450 Group G ,454 Empetrichthys, Crenichthys, and the Goodeidae 454 Group I 457 Cubanichthys and Chriopeoides 457 Group J 457 Orestias and the Anatolian Cyprinodontines 457 New World Cyprinodontines 458 Classification 461 Key to Genera and Suprageneric Categories 465 Systematic Accounts 470 Order Cyprinodontiformes 470 Suborder Aplocheiloidei 471 Family Aplocheilidae 471 Genus Aplocheilus 471 Genus Pachypanchax 473 Genus Epiplatys 474 Subgenus Lycocyprinus 475 Subgenus Parepiplatys 475 Subgenus Pseudepiplatys 475 Subgenus Aphyoplatys 475 Genus Aphyosemion 476 Subgenus Archiaphyosemion 477 Subgenus Chromaphyosemion 477 Subgenus Diapteron 477 Subgenus Kathetys 477 Subgenus Mesoaphyosemion 477 Genus Fundulopanchax 477 Subgenus Paludopanchax 479 Subgenus Paraphyosemion 479 Subgenus Gularopanchax 479 Subgenus Callopanchax 479 Subgenus Raddaella 479 Genus Adamas 479 Genus Nothobranchius 479 Family Rivulidae 481 Genus Rivulus 481 Genus "Rivulus" 483 Genus Trigonectes 484 Genus Pterolebias 485 Genus Rachovia 486 Genus Austrofundulus 487 Genus Neofundulus 489 Genus "Neofundulus" 489 Genus Cynolebias 490 Suborder Cyprinodontoidei 491 Section 1 492 Family Profundulidae 492 Genus Profundulus 492 Section 2 493 Division 1 493 Family Fundulidae 493 Genus Plancterus 493 Genus Fundulus 494 Genus Lucania 496 Genus Leptolucania 497 Genus Adinia 498 Division 2 499 Sept 1 499 Family Valenciidae, New Family 499 Genus Valencia 500 Sept 2 501 Superfamily Poecilioidea 501 Family Anablepidae 501 Subfamily Anablepinae 501 Genus Anableps 501 Genus Jenynsia 503 Subfamily Oxyzygonectinae, New Subfamily 504 Genus Oxyzygonectes 504 Family Poeciliidae 505 Subfamily Poeciliinae 505 Subfamily Aplocheilichthyinae 507 Genus Aplocheilichthys 507 Subgenus Micropanchax 508 Subgenus Lacustricola 508 Subgenus Poropanchax 508 Subgenus Congopanchax 508 Genus Lamprichthys 508 Genus Pantanodon 509 Genus "Aplocheilichthys" 510 Genus Procatopus 511 Genus Cynopanchax 513 Genus Plataplochilus 513 Genus Hypsopanchax 513 Subfamily Fluviphylacinae 514 Genus Fluviphylax 514 Superfamily Cyprinodontoidea 515 Family Goodeidae 515 Subfamily Empetrichthyinae 516 Genus Empetrichthys 516 Genus Crenichthys 517 Subfamily Goodeinae 518 Family Cyprinodontidae 519 Subfamily Cubanichthyinae, New Subfamily 519 Genus Cubanichthys 520 Subfamily Cyprinodontinae 521 Tribe Orestiini 521 Genus Aphanius 521 Genus "Aphanius" 522 Genus Kosswigichthys 524 Genus Orestias 525 Tribe Cyprinodontini 526 Genus Cyprinodon 526 Genus Jordanella 528 Genus Cualac 529 Genus Floridichthys 530 Genus Megupsilon 531 Historical Biogeography 533 Summary 544 Literature Cited 547 ABSTRACT The cyprinodontiforms, or killifishes, are a forms; (3) each of the four viviparous families is large and diverse group of 900 fresh- and brackish- monophyletic; however, their previous definitions water species with a pantropical and temperate in terms of uniquely derived characters have been Laurasian distribution. Traditionally, it has been altered; (4) the development of an annual habit, classified in five families: the worldwide, ovipa- exhibited by members of the aplocheiloid killi- rous Cyprinodontidae, and four New World vi- fishes and possibly some cyprinodontoids, in- viparous families: the Poeciliidae, Anablepidae, cludes derived reproductive traits exhibited to Jenynsiidae, and Goodeidae. Fishes of the diverse some degree by all killifishes; therefore, the an- Cyprinodontidae, in turn, have been divided into nual habit does not define a monophyletic group as many as eight subfamilies. of killifishes; (5) similarly, viviparity is not hy- The objectives of the present study are to: (1) pothesized to be a uniquely derived character, but determine if the cyprinodontiform fishes as a has apparently arisen at least three times within whole form a monophyletic group; (2) determine the group; and (6) the interrelationships of cy- if each of the five families is monophyletic; (3) prinodontiforms correspond, in part, with a pat- define the major subgroups of cyprinodontiforms, tern of the break-up of Pangea, except for an An- concentrating on the genera of the Cyprinodon- dean-Eurasian sister group pair. tidae; (4) determine the interrelationships of the A scheme of interrelationships of cyprinodon- subgroups; (5) present a comprehensive classifi- tiforms as well as of monophyletic subgroups is cation of the cyprinodontiforms that reflects the presented in the form of cladograms, of which the interrelationships; and (6) provide a hypothesis former is transformed into a comprehensive clas- for the distribution of the group. sification of the group. The fishes under study are The following general results were obtained by recognized as comprising the order Cyprinodon- using the methods of phylogenetic systematics tiformes Berg and divided into two suborders, the and vicariance biogeography: (1) the cyprinodon- Aplocheiloidei (which previously comprised, in tiforms are considered to be monophyletic by part, the Cyprinodontidae), and the Cyprinodon- their sharing derived characters of the caudal toidei (comprising all other cyprinodontiforms as skeleton, upper jaw, gill arches, position of the well as the four viviparous families). In order to first pleura! rib, pectoral girdle, and aspects of minimize the number of named empty categories, breeding and development; (2) the family Cyprin- a numbering system is incorporated into a tradi- odontidae is nonmonophyletic as it contains some tional naming system to create the new classifi- of the most primitive and derived cyprinodonti- cation. INTRODUCTION The cyprinodontiforms, commonly known nominal species in approximately 80 nominal as killifishes, top minnows, or toothcarps, are genera. Included are the popular aquarium a large and diverse group of teleostean fishes fishes, including the annual killifishes of trop- distributed nearly worldwide in temperate ical South America and Africa of the subfam- and tropical freshwaters (fig. 1), with some ily Rivulinae (Myers, 1955), and widely used members regularly entering brackish water. experimental fish such as those of the genus The term cyprinodontiforms as used in this Fundulus. paper refers to fishes of the five families of Of the four viviparous families, two, the the superfamily Cyprinodontoidea, order Mexican, Central American, and northern Atheriniformes (Rosen, 1964). These are the South American Anablepidae, and the south- cosmopolitan and oviparous Cyprinodonti- eastern South American Jenynsiidae, con- dae, and four New World viviparous fami- tain just one genus each with several species. lies, the Anablepidae, Goodeidae, Jenynsi- The Goodeidae are diverse, comprising ap- idae, and Poeciliidae. proximately 35 species in 16 genera, all of The Cyprinodontidae are the largest and which are restricted to the Mexican Plateau most diverse family containing over 650 (Miller and Fitzsimons, 1971). The Neotrop- 342 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 168 FIG. 1. Present day distribution of cyprinodontiforms. Dotted and dashed line approximates Wal- lace's Line. ical and temperate Poeciliidae comprise ap- relatively primitive. He included as evidence proximately 200 species in 19 genera (Rosen for this distinction the fact that in esocoids and Bailey, 1963; Rosen, 1979), and the guppy the maxilla enters the gape, whereas the (Poecilia reticulata) and mosquito-fish maxilla is excluded from the gape in killifish- (Gambusia affinis) are included. es (including the adrianichthyoids) and cave- Knowledge of the relationships of the cy- fishes. Regan (1909) separated the last two prinodontiforms to other fishes has advanced groups from the rest of the Haplomi and con- considerably, whereas the proposed interre- structed for them a new order Microcyprini. lationships of cyprinodontiforms has pro- This action was supported by Hubbs gressed little since Carman's (1895) outline
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Article Evolutionary Dynamics of the OR Gene Repertoire in Teleost Fishes
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.09.434524; this version posted March 10, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Article Evolutionary dynamics of the OR gene repertoire in teleost fishes: evidence of an association with changes in olfactory epithelium shape Maxime Policarpo1, Katherine E Bemis2, James C Tyler3, Cushla J Metcalfe4, Patrick Laurenti5, Jean-Christophe Sandoz1, Sylvie Rétaux6 and Didier Casane*,1,7 1 Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. 2 NOAA National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. 3Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560, U.S.A. 4 Independent Researcher, PO Box 21, Nambour QLD 4560, Australia. 5 Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France 6 Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur- Yvette, France. 7 Université de Paris, UFR Sciences du Vivant, F-75013 Paris, France. * Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected]. !1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.09.434524; this version posted March 10, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract Teleost fishes perceive their environment through a range of sensory modalities, among which olfaction often plays an important role.
    [Show full text]
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
    [Show full text]
  • A New Genus of Miniature Cynolebiasine from the Atlantic
    64 (1): 23 – 33 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2014. 16.5.2014 A new genus of miniature cynolebiasine from the Atlantic Forest and alternative biogeographical explanations for seasonal killifish distribution patterns in South America (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) Wilson J. E. M. Costa Laboratório de Sistemática e Evolução de Peixes Teleósteos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21944 – 970, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; wcosta(at)acd.ufrj.br Accepted 21.ii.2014. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/vertebrate-zoology on 30.iv.2014. Abstract The analysis of 78 morphological characters for 16 species representing all the lineages of the tribe Cynopoecilini and three out-groups, indicates that the incertae sedis miniature species ‘Leptolebias’ leitaoi Cruz & Peixoto is the sister group of a clade comprising the genera Leptolebias, Campellolebias, and Cynopoecilus, consequently recognised as the only member of a new genus. Mucurilebias gen. nov. is diagnosed by seven autapomorphies: eye occupying great part of head side, low number of caudal-fin rays (21), distal portion of epural much broader than distal portion of parhypural, an oblique red bar through opercle in both sexes, isthmus bright red in males, a white stripe on the distal margin of the dorsal fin in males, and a red stripe on the distal margin of the anal fin in males.Mucurilebias leitaoi is an endangered seasonal species endemic to the Mucuri river basin. The biogeographical analysis of genera of the subfamily Cynolebiasinae using a dispersal-vicariance, event-based parsimony approach indicates that distribution of South American killifishes may be broadly shaped by dispersal events.
    [Show full text]
  • Iktiofauna Air Tawar Beberapa Danau Dan Sungai Inletnya Di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia
    ©Journal of Aquatropica Asia p-issn: 2407-3601 Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2019 Jurusan Akuakultur, Universitas Bangka Belitung IKTIOFAUNA AIR TAWAR BEBERAPA DANAU DAN SUNGAI INLETNYA DI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH, INDONESIA FREHSWATER FISH OF LAKES AND IT’S INLET RIVERS IN SULAWESI TENGAH PROVINCE, INDONESIA Muh. Herjayanto1,5,6,., Abdul Gani2,6, Yeldi S. Adel3, Novian Suhendra4,6 1Program Studi Ilmu Perikanan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Serang, Indonesia 2Program Studi Akuakultur, Fakultas Perikanan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk, Banggai, Indonesia 3Program Studi Teknologi Penangkapan Ikan, Sekolah Tinggi Perikanan dan Kelautan Palu, Indonesia 4Stasiun Karantina Ikan Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan Palu, Indonesia 5Masyarakat Iktiologi Indonesia 6Tim Ekspedisi Riset Akuatika (ERA) Indonesia .email penulis korespondensi: [email protected] Abstrak Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah (Sulteng) berada dalam kawasan Wallacea memiliki ikan endemik di danau serta sungai inletnya. Selain itu, pemerintah juga telah melakukan introduksi ikan ke perairan umum untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat. Sejauh ini catatan iktiofauna air tawar di Sulteng belum terangkum dengan baik. Oleh karena itu, kami menelusuri hasil penelitian terdahulu tentang jenis ikan di 11 danau dan sungai inletnya di Sulteng. Danau (D) tersebut yaitu D. Bolano (Bolanosau), D. Lindu, D. Poso, D. Rano, D. Rano Kodi dan D. Rano Bae, Danau Sibili, D. Talaga (Dampelas), D. Kalimpa’a (Tambing), D. Tiu dan D. Wanga. Selain itu, kami juga melakukan pengamatan ikan di tujuh danau antara tahun 2012-2019. Penangkapan ikan menggunakan jaring lempar, jaring pantai, pukat insang dan pancing. Hasil rangkuman dan pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 18 famili dan 27 genus ikan di 11 danau dan sungai inletnya di Sulteng.
    [Show full text]
  • Intertidal Migration of the Four-Eyed Fish Anableps Anableps in North Brazilian Mangrove Creeks
    Vol. 509: 271–287, 2014 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published August 27 doi: 10.3354/meps10863 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Intertidal migration of the four-eyed fish Anableps anableps in North Brazilian mangrove creeks Uwe Krumme1,2,*, Marianna Audfroid Calderón1, Andreas Echterhoff1 1Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany 2Thünen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries (TI-OF), Alter Hafen Süd 2, 18069 Rostock, Germany ABSTRACT: The movement patterns of mangrove fish during tidal cycles are virtually unknown, yet needed to understand fish habitat use. The intertidal migration of the four-eyed fish Anableps anableps L. (Anablepidae, Cyprinodontiformes), a surface-swimming species, was observed along 2 large mangrove-lined creeks in North Brazil. The number, direction and size of the fish crossing fixed line transects were recorded at 5 min intervals using visual surveys during daylight at spring, mid- and neap tide cycles. Migration took place in a surge and was predictably structured and directly related to water level, current speed and direction, and recurred independent of creek and tide. The fish rode the early flood tide upstream towards the creek heads. After the ebb current peak, they returned in a surge along the same pathways. The intertidal distances travelled ranged from 0.7 to >2 km per tide. Fish density maxima occurred at early flood and late ebb tide, with more fish swimming alone during flood tide and largest group sizes during ebb tides. At neap high tides, fish aggregated in fewer accessible creek heads. When spring tides inundated wider creek areas and made additional creek heads available, maximum fish dispersal occurred.
    [Show full text]
  • Beloniformes, Adrianichthyidae) Endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia( Digest 要約 )
    Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of the medaka Title (Beloniformes, Adrianichthyidae) endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia( Digest_要約 ) Author(s) Mokodongan, Daniel Frikli Citation Issue Date 2016-09 URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/35389 Rights Abstract Although the family Adrianichthyidae is broadly distributed throughout East and Southeast Asia, 19 endemic species are distributed in Sulawesi, which is an island in Wallacea. However, it remains unclear how Adrianichthyidae biodiversity hotspot was shaped. Moreover, seven of the 19 endemic species were described within this decade, suggesting that we still do not know the full picture of the biodiversity of this family in this small island ofthe Indo-Australian Archipelago. First, I reconstructed molecular phylogenies for the Sulawesi adrianichthyids and estimated the divergence times of major lineages to infer the detailed history of their origin and subsequent intra-island diversification. The mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies revealed that Sulawesi adrianichthyids are monophyletic, which indicates that they diverged from a single common ancestor. Species in the earliest branching lineages are currently distributed in the central and southeastern parts of Sulawesi, indicating that the common ancestor colonized Sula Spur, which is a large promontory that projects from the Australian continental margin, from Asia by tectonic dispersal c.a. 20 Mya. The first diversification event on Sulawesi, the split of the genus Adrianichthys, occurred c.a. 16 Mya, and resulted in the nesting of the genus Adrianichthys within Oryzias. Strong geographic structure was evident in the phylogeny; many species in the lineages branching off early are riverine and widely distributed in the southeastern and southwestern arms of Sulawesi, which suggests that oversea dispersal between tectonic subdivisions of this island during the late Miocene (7-5 Mya) contributed to the distributions and diversification of the early branching lineages.
    [Show full text]
  • A Replacement Name for the Preoccupied Genus Name Adamas Huber, 1979 (Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontiformes)
    _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 1, No. 1, January 2006___________ 167 A REPLACEMENT NAME FOR THE PREOCCUPIED GENUS NAME ADAMAS HUBER, 1979 (ACTINOPTERYGII: CYPRINODONTIFORMES) Hüseyin Özdikmen*, Nazmi Polat**, Mahmut Yılmaz*** and Okan Yazıcıoğlu*** * Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 06500 Ankara / TÜRKİYE, e-mail: [email protected] ** Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 06500 Ankara / TÜRKİYE, e-mail: [email protected] *** Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 06500 Ankara / TÜRKİYE, e-mails: [email protected]; [Özdikmen, H., Polat, N., Yılmaz, M. & Yazıcıoğlu, O. 2006. A replacement name for the preoccupied genus name Adamas Huber, 1979 (Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontiformes). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 1 (1): 167-168] ABSTRACT: A replacement name, Fenerbahce is proposed for the genus name Adamas Huber, 1979 in the fish family Aplocheilidae (Cyprinodontiformes). KEY WORDS: Fenerbahce, Adamas, homonymy, replacement name, Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae. Class Actinopterygii Order Cyprinodontiformes Family Aplocheilidae Genus Fenerbahce nom. nov. Adamas Huber, 1979. Journal Am. Killifish Ass. 12 (6): 166 and Revue fr. Aquariol. Herpetol. 6 (1): 6. (Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Aplocheilidae: Aplocheilinae). Preoccupied by Adamas Malaise, 1945. Opusc. ent., Lund, Suppl. 4, 97. (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinoidea: Tenthredinidae: Allantinae: Adamasini). The genus name Adamas was proposed by Malaise, 1945 as an objective replacement name of the genus Dinax Konow, 1897 with the type species Dinax jakowleffi Konow, 1897. For the present, the genus Adamas Malaise, 1945 includes six species (Wei, 2004). Subsequently, the genus Adamas was described by Huber, 1979 with the type species Adamas formosus Huber, 1979 by monotypy from in front of Ntokou village near the banks of Likouala-Mossaka River, Congo.
    [Show full text]
  • Monophyly and Taxonomy of the Neotropical Seasonal Killifish Genus Leptolebias (Teleostei: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), with the Description of a New Genus
    Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 153, 147–160. With 11 figures Monophyly and taxonomy of the Neotropical seasonal killifish genus Leptolebias (Teleostei: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), with the description of a new genus WILSON J. E. M. COSTA* Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/153/1/147/2606377 by guest on 23 November 2020 Laboratório de Ictiologia Geral e Aplicada, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Received 30 March 2007; accepted for publication 4 July 2007 A phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characters indicates that Leptolebias Myers, 1952, a genus of small killifishes highly threatened with extinction, from Brazil, is paraphyletic. As a consequence, Leptolebias is restricted in this study to a well-supported clade that includes Leptolebias marmoratus (Ladiges, 1934), Leptolebias splendens (Myers, 1942), Leptolebias opalescens (Myers, 1942), and Leptolebias citrinipinnis (Costa, Lacerda & Tanizaki, 1988), from the coastal plains of Rio de Janeiro, and Leptolebias aureoguttatus (Cruz, 1974) (herein redescribed, and for which a lectotype is designated) and Leptolebias itanhaensis sp. nov., from the coastal plains of São Paulo and Paraná, in southern Brazil. Leptolebias is diagnosed by three synapomorphies: a caudal fin that is longer than deep, a single anterior supraorbital neuromast, and dark pigmentation that does not extend to the distal portion of the dorsal fin in males. A key is provided for the identification of species of Leptolebias. Three species formerly placed in Leptolebias, Leptolebias minimus (Myers, 1942), Leptolebias fractifasciatus (Costa, 1988), and Leptolebias cruzi (Costa, 1988), are transferred to Notholebias gen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neotropical Genus Austrolebias: an Emerging Model of Annual Killifishes Nibia Berois1, Maria J
    lopmen ve ta e l B D io & l l o l g e y C Cell & Developmental Biology Berois, et al., Cell Dev Biol 2014, 3:2 ISSN: 2168-9296 DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000136 Review Article Open Access The Neotropical Genus Austrolebias: An Emerging Model of Annual Killifishes Nibia Berois1, Maria J. Arezo1 and Rafael O. de Sá2* 1Departamento de Biologia Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay 2Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA *Corresponding author: Rafael O. de Sá, Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA, Tel: 804-2898542; Fax: 804-289-8233; E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: Apr 17, 2014; Acc date: May 24, 2014; Pub date: May 27, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Rafael O. de Sá, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Annual fishes are found in both Africa and South America occupying ephemeral ponds that dried seasonally. Neotropical annual fishes are members of the family Rivulidae that consist of both annual and non-annual fishes. Annual species are characterized by a prolonged embryonic development and a relatively short adult life. Males and females show striking sexual dimorphisms, complex courtship, and mating behaviors. The prolonged embryonic stage has several traits including embryos that are resistant to desiccation and undergo up to three reversible developmental arrests until hatching. These unique developmental adaptations are closely related to the annual fish life cycle and are the key to the survival of the species.
    [Show full text]
  • Percomorph Phylogeny: a Survey of Acanthomorphs and a New Proposal
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 52(1): 554-626, 1993 PERCOMORPH PHYLOGENY: A SURVEY OF ACANTHOMORPHS AND A NEW PROPOSAL G. David Johnson and Colin Patterson ABSTRACT The interrelationships of acanthomorph fishes are reviewed. We recognize seven mono- phyletic terminal taxa among acanthomorphs: Lampridiformes, Polymixiiformes, Paracan- thopterygii, Stephanoberyciformes, Beryciformes, Zeiformes, and a new taxon named Smeg- mamorpha. The Percomorpha, as currently constituted, are polyphyletic, and the Perciformes are probably paraphyletic. The smegmamorphs comprise five subgroups: Synbranchiformes (Synbranchoidei and Mastacembeloidei), Mugilomorpha (Mugiloidei), Elassomatidae (Elas- soma), Gasterosteiformes, and Atherinomorpha. Monophyly of Lampridiformes is justified elsewhere; we have found no new characters to substantiate the monophyly of Polymixi- iformes (which is not in doubt) or Paracanthopterygii. Stephanoberyciformes uniquely share a modification of the extrascapular, and Beryciformes a modification of the anterior part of the supraorbital and infraorbital sensory canals, here named Jakubowski's organ. Our Zei- formes excludes the Caproidae, and characters are proposed to justify the monophyly of the group in that restricted sense. The Smegmamorpha are thought to be monophyletic principally because of the configuration of the first vertebra and its intermuscular bone. Within the Smegmamorpha, the Atherinomorpha and Mugilomorpha are shown to be monophyletic elsewhere. Our Gasterosteiformes includes the syngnathoids and the Pegasiformes
    [Show full text]
  • 01 Astyanax Final Version.Indd
    Vertebrate Zoology 59 (1) 2009 31 31 – 40 © Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, ISSN 1864-5755, 29.05.2009 Osteology of the African annual killifi sh genus Callopanchax (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) and phylogenetic implications WILSON J. E. M. COSTA Laboratório de Ictiologia Geral e Aplicada, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil E-mail: wcosta(at)acd.ufrj.br Received on May 5, 2008, accepted on October 6, 2008. Published online at www.vertebrate-zoology.de on May 15, 2009. > Abstract Osteological structures of Callopanchax are fi rst described and illustrated. Twenty-six characters derived from comparisons of osseous structures among some aplocheiloid fi shes provided evidence supporting hypotheses of relationships among three western African genera (Callopanchax, Scriptaphyosemion and Archiaphyosemion), as proposed in recent molecular analysis. The clade comprising Callopanchax, Scriptaphyosemion and Archiaphyosemion is supported by a laterally displaced antero-proximal process of the fourth ceratobranchial. The sister group relationship between Callopanchax and Scriptaphyosemion is supported by a constriction on the posterior portion of the parasphenoid, an anterior expansion of the hyomandibula, a rectangular basihyal cartilage, an anterior pointed process on the fi rst vertebra, and a long ventrally directed hemal prezygapophysis on the preural centrum 2. Monophyly of Callopanchax is supported by a convexity on the dorsal margin of the opercle, a long interarcual cartilage, and long neural prezygapophyses on the anterior caudal vertebrae. > Key words Killifi shes, Callopanchax, Africa, Osteology, Annual fi shes. Introduction COSTA, 1998a, 2004) and among genera and species of the Rivulidae (e. g., COSTA, 1998b, 2005, 2006a, b).
    [Show full text]
  • 91 I. PENDAHULUAN Danau Poso Merupakan Aset Dunia Karena
    Media Litbang Sulteng III (2) : 137 – 143, September 2010 ISSN : 1979 - 5971 KERAPATAN, KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN POLA PENYEBARAN GASTROPODA AIR TAWAR DI PERAIRAN DANAU POSO Oleh : Meria Tirsa Gundo ABSTRAK Gastropoda merupakan salah satu Kelas dari Fillum Mollusca, dan merupakan salah satu jenis komunitas fauna bentik yang hidup didasar perairan. Komunitas fauna bentik ini banyak ditemukan di perairan danau Poso, namun hingga saat ini data tentang bioekologinya masih sangat kurang sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Danau Poso Sulawesi Tengah pada bulan Oktober - Desember 2009. Stasiun pengamatan ditentukan berdasarkan model area sampling yaitu suatu tehnik penentuan areal sampling dengan mempertimbangkan wakil-wakil dari daerah feografis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui spesies, kerapatan, pola penyebaran dan keanekaragaman Gastropoda di danau poso, menggunakan Metode pendekatan menurut Cox (1967) untuk mengetahui kerapatan; Ludwing and Reynolds (1988) untuk mengetahui indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner (H’); Krebs (1989) untuk mengetahui Indeks keseragaman (E) dan Indeks Sebaran Morishita (Iδ); Odum (1971) untuk mengetahui Indeks Dominasi (C). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui delapan jenis gastropoda yang ditemukan di danau Poso yaitu: Tylomelania toradjarum, Tylomelania patriarchalis, Tylomeliana neritiformis, Tylomeliana kuli, Tylomeliana palicolarum, Tylomeliana bakara, Tylomeliana sp1, Tylomeliana sp2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kerapatan gastropoda paling tinggi ditemukan di stasiun I, yaitu di bagian Utara danau Poso dengan 119,25 ind/m². Stasiun II dan stasiun IV memiliki nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman spesies yang masuk dalam kategori sedang, sedang dua stasiun lainnya masuk dalam kategori rendah. Penyebaran jenis individu gastropoda di danau Poso memiliki dua pola yaitu bersifat seragam dan mengelompok. Kata Kunci: Gastropoda Air Tawar, danau Poso, kerapatan, pola penyebaran, keanekaragaman.
    [Show full text]