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Oryzias Sakaizumii, a New Ricefish from Northern Japan (Teleostei: Adrianichthyidae)

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Oryzias Sakaizumii, a New Ricefish from Northern Japan (Teleostei: Adrianichthyidae) 289 Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 289-299, 7 figs., 1 tab., December 2011 © 2011 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany – ISSN 0936-9902 Oryzias sakaizumii, a new ricefish from northern Japan (Teleostei: Adrianichthyidae) Toshinobu Asai*, ***, Hiroshi Senou** and Kazumi Hosoya* Oryzias sakaizumii, new species, is described from Japanese freshwaters along the northern coast of the Sea of Japan. It is distinguished from its Japanese congener, O. latipes, by a slightly notched membrane between dorsal- fin rays 5 and 6 in males (greatly notched in O. latipes); dense network of melanophores on the body surface (diffuse melanophores in O. latipes); distinctive irregular black spots on posterior portion of body lateral (absent in O. latipes); and several silvery scales arranged in patches on the posterior portion of the body (few in O. lati pes). Introduction south along the Indo-Australian Archipelago across Wallace’s line to the Indonesian islands of Ricefishes, adrianichthyid fishes of the atheri- Timor and Sulawesi (Kottelat, 1990a-b; Takehana nomorph order Beloniformes, comprise 32 most- et al., 2005). ly small species, including the new species de- Oryzias latipes was originally described as scribed herein (Herder & Chapuis, 2010; Magtoon, Poecilia latipes by Temminck & Schlegel (1846), 2010; Parenti & Hadiaty, 2010). The family Adri- from Siebold’s collection now at the RMNH, the anichthyidae has been classified in three sub- Netherlands. Subsequently, this species was clas- families with four genera – Adrianichthys, Oryzias, sified in the genus Haplochilus by Günter (1866), Xenopoecilus, and Horaichthys – since 1981 (Rosen an incorrect spelling of Aplocheilus, hence Aplo- & Parenti, 1981; Nelson, 2006). In the latest revi- cheilus latipes (Jordan & Snyder 1901). The new sion of Adrianichthyidae, Parenti (2008) classified genus Oryzias of Jordan & Snyder (1906) has since ricefishes in two genera based on a phylogenetic been generally accepted for this well-known analysis: Adrianichthys with four species and Japanese species. Oryzias with 24 species. Ricefishes broadly range More recently, allozyme studies have shown throughout mainly fresh and brackish wetlands that Japanese wild populations of O. latipes or of Central Eurasia; Central, East and Southeast medaka, could be divided into two genetic groups Asia; and the Indian Subcontinent. They are found (Sakaizumi et al., 1983; Sakaizumi, 1984). Ge- * Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Major in Environmental Management, Postgraduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] ** Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499 Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0031, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] *** Corresponding author Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 22, No. 4 290 netic differentiation between these populations of spermatozoa removed from some specimens was also confirmed by mitochondrial DNA were cryopreserved with liquid nitrogen because analysis. At present, the wild populations of O. la- of the possibility for regeneration of the species tipes complex which is distributed in East Asia within the near future. may be divided into four distinct genetic popula- The materials examined herein were depos- tions: the Northern population from the northern ited in the following institutions: BMNH, Natu- coast of the Sea of Japan, the Southern population ral History Museum, London; CAS, California from the Pacific coast of eastern, western, and Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; FMNH, southern Japan, the East Korean population from Field Museum of Natural History, Zoology De- eastern and southern Korea, and the China–West partment, Chicago; KPM-NI, Kanagawa Prefec- Korean population from China and western Ko- tural Museum of Natural History, Kanagawa, rea by sophisticated molecular genetic investiga- Japan; KUN-P, Kinki University, Nara, Japan; tions (Takehana et al., 2003, 2004a-b). Divergence NSMT-P, National Museum of Nature and Sci- time of the two Japanese populations was esti- ence, Tokyo; RMNH, Naturalis – Nationaal Na- mated to be about 4 to 5 million years ago using tuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden; and USNM, a molecular clock hypothesis (Takehana et al., National Museum of Natural History, Smithso- 2003). In contrast, the estimated age of divergence nian Institution, Washington. based on a Bayesian model dates as far back as about 18 million years ago (Setiamarga et al., 2009). This genetic distance is generally consid- Oryzias sakaizumii, new species ered equivalent to that of the genus level (Frank- (Figs. 1-2) ham et al., 2002). Both pieces of evidence indicate that the two regional medaka populations in Japan Oryzias latipes (not Temminck & Schlegel, 1846): were genetically divergent for a long enough time Senou, 2002: 547 (in part); Parenti, 2008: 553 to support a higher taxonomic classification. (in part). However, these populations have not been fully investigated taxonomically. Holotype. KUN-P 42428, 28.9 mm SL, male (Figs. By giving an in-depth examination to the 1a, 4a, 5a); Japan: Fukui, Tsuruga, irrigation canal Northern population of the O. latipes complex, it of the wetland Nakaikemi (Fig. 7); 35°39'25.7" N is distinguished from all other congeners includ- 136°05'20.1" E, altitude 48 m; T. Asai, 30 Oct 2010. ing O. latipes (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe the North- Paratypes. KPM-NI 12669, 27.3 mm SL, male; ern population as a new species, Oryzias sakaizu- KPM-NI 12670, 27.5 mm SL, female; Japan: Akita, mii. Nikaho; H. Karube, 17 Oct 2003. – KPM-NI 13340, 25.3 mm SL, male; KPM-NI 13343, 27.2 mm SL, female; Japan: Yamagata, Shinjo; H. Senou, 24 Material and methods May 2004. – KPM-NI 17074, 28.5 mm SL, male; KPM-NI 17075, 29.8 mm SL, female; Japan: Nii- Specimens were preserved in 70 % ethanol after gata, Sado; H. Karube, 26 May 2006. – KPM-NI fixation in 10% formalin. Character descriptions, 14041, 27.0 mm SL, male; KPM-NI 14045, 28.8 mm counts, and measurements follow Hubbs & Lagler SL, female; Japan: Fukushima, Aizuwakamatsu; (2004) unless otherwise stated: straight-line dis- H. Aiki, 21 Nov 2004. – NSMT-P 105973, 27.0 mm tance from pectoral-fin base to pelvic-fin base, SL, male; NSMT-P 105974, 34.3 mm SL, female; and from anterior origin of dorsal-fin base to Japan: Niigata, Nagaoka, storage reservoir; T. caudal-fin base. Measurements are of straight-line, Asai & S. Asai, 13 Jul 2010. – NSMT-P 105971, point-to-point, distances recorded with digital 28.6 mm SL, male; NSMT-P 105972, 33.0 mm SL, vernier calipers; they are expressed as a range of female; Japan: Ishikawa, Notojima, irrigation percentage of standard length (SL) or head length canal; T. Asai, 10 Jul 2010. – KPM-NI 7495, (HL), with the value for the holotype in paren- 26.4 mm SL, male; KPM-NI 7496, 26.4 mm SL, theses after the range. Counts were made mainly female; Japan: Toyama, Himi, pond; 12 Nov 2000. from radiographs by soft X-rays and from cleared – BMNH 2011.4.8.1-2, 2, 29.0 mm SL, male; and counterstained specimens prepared using the 29.0 mm SL, female; CAS 231819, 2, 27.5 mm SL, protocol of Kawamura & Hosoya (1991). Samples male; 28.1 mm SL, female; FMNH 119687, 2, Asai et al.: Oryzias sakaizumii 291 a b Fig. 1. Oryzias sakaizumii; Japan: Fukui Prefecture: Tsuruga: Nakaikemi wetland; a, KUN-P 42428, holotype, male, 28.9 mm SL; b, KUN-P 42431, paratype, female, 29.9 mm SL. 28.3 mm SL, male; 29.1 mm SL, female; KPM-NI dorsal-fin rays 5 and 6 less than half the length 27949, 27.4 mm SL, male; KPM-NI 27953, 25.1 mm of rays in males; distinctive irregular black spots SL, female; RMNH.PISC. 37658, 26.8 mm SL, male; on the posterior portion of body lateral; and RMNH.PISC. 37659, 27.4 mm SL, female; USNM several silvery scales in patches on the posterior 400884, 2, 26.4 mm SL, male; 26.6 mm SL, female; portion of the body. KUN-P 42429, 27.0 mm SL, female; KUN-P 42430, 29.8 mm SL, male; KUN-P 42431, 17, 24.2-29.9 mm Description. Counts and proportional measure- SL, 10 males, 7 females; KUN-P 42602, 10, 25.6- ments of holotype and selected paratypes are 28.8 mm SL, all males, spermatozoa cryopre- summarized in Table 1. Dorsal-fin rays 6 (6). served with liquid nitrogen; KUN-P 42605, 4, Anal-fin rays 16-19 (18). Pelvic-fin rays 6 (6). 25.5-28.8 mm SL, 2 males, 2 females; collected Pectoral-fin rays 10-11 (10). Principal caudal-fin with holotype. – KUN-P 42604, 2, 28.8 mm SL, rays i,4-5/4-5,i (i,4/5,i). Procurrent fin rays, male; 30.1 mm SL, female; Japan: Hyogo, Toyooka, dorsal 4-6 (5), ventral 4-6 (4). Total vertebrae Maruyama River side, irrigation canal; T. Asai, 29-31 (30), abdominal 11-13 (11) + caudal 17- T. Terawaki & F. Matsuo, 5 Oct 2010. 19 (19). Small, with maximum size of specimens ex- Non-type specimens. KUN-P 42140, 6, 29.1-32.6 mm amined 34.3 mm SL. Head small to moderate; SL, 3 males, 3 females (cleared and counterstained head length 24.0-28.1 (26.6), depressed dorsov- specimens); same locality as holotype; T. Asai, 8 Aug - 2008. – KUN-P 42432, 12, 22.3-26.9 mm SL, 5 males, entrally; occiput depth 72.2 92.4 (79.4); and head 7 females; collected with holotype. width 63.1-84.2 (65.2). Body compressed later- ally, short, slender to somewhat deep-bodied; Diagnosis. Oryzias sakaizumii is distinguished body depth 22.6-28.5 (24.6). No pronounced from all other congeners including O. latipes that abdominal concavity between pelvic fins and are distributed throughout east Asia by the fol- anterior part of anal fin in female.
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