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477 Nomorhamphus Rex, a New Species Of THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2012 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2012 60(2): 477–485 Date of Publication: 31 Aug.2012 © National University of Singapore NOMORHAMPHUS REX, A NEW SPECIES OF VIVIPAROUS HALFBEAK (ATHERINOMORPHA: BELONIFORMES: ZENARCHOPTERIDAE) ENDEMIC TO SULAWESI SELATAN, INDONESIA Jan Huylebrouck Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Sektion Ichthyologie, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] Renny Kurnia Hadiaty Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), Ichthyology Laboratory, Division of Zoology, Research Center for Biology Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), JL. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Fabian Herder Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Sektion Ichthyologie, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. — Nomorhamphus rex, a new species of viviparous halfbeak, is described from three small rivers in Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. The new species differs from all other Nomorhamphus in anal-fi n morphology of adult males. The third or fourth segment of the second anal-fi n ray is composed of two rows of subsegments, giving the third or fourth segment the appearance of being split into two rays. The spiculus is curved dorsally and contacts the distal segments of the third anal-fi n ray with its proximal and middle segments; the distal segments are curved ventrally, giving the spiculus a sickle-like shape. Appearance and colouration of Nomorhamphus rex are similar to N. kolonodalensis and N. ebrardtii, from which it is distinguished by the shape of the andropodium and in having a relatively longer lower jaw. This description brings the number of Nomorhamphus endemic to Sulawesi to ten. KEY WORDS. — Nomorhamphus, taxonomy, Sulawesi, Wewu River, Toletole River, Tana Toraja, freshwater fi sh INTRODUCTION for its monophyly. Since the phylogenetic work based on molecular data by Lovejoy et al. (2004), the family status of Halfbeaks of the family Zenarchopteridae occur in Zenarchopteridae is widely accepted (e.g., Parenti, 2008). freshwaters and estuaries of the Indo-West Pacifi c region (Lovejoy et al., 2004; Nelson, 2006). Fifty four species The genus Nomorhamphus Weber & de Beaufort, 1922 is are currently included in the family and distributed endemic to Sulawesi (nine species) and the islands of the across fi ve genera, viz. Dermogenys, Hemirhamphodon, Philippines (seven species; Meisner, 2001). In Sulawesi, Nomorhamphus, Tondanichthys, and Zenarchopterus. Nomorhamphus occur (with some exceptions) in hillstream Dermogenys, Hemirhamphodon, and Nomorhamphus possess habitats; however, at least two species of the genus inhabit internal fertilisation and are viviparous, whereas less is large freshwater lakes (Brembach, 1991; Kottelat et al., known about the reproductive biology of Tondanichthys 1993; Meisner, 2001). The species known so far occur and Zenarchopterus (Grier & Collette, 1987; Anderson & either in the highlands of Maros in south-west Sulawesi, Collette, 1991; Collette, 1995; Meisner, 2001). Monophyly of the south-eastern peninsula, or in eastern central Sulawesi Zenarchopteridae was fi rst proposed by Anderson & Collette (Brembach, 1991; Meisner, 2001). Morphological species (1991), based on fi ve synapomorphies and is further supported delineation of Nomorhamphus relies strongly on the structure by evidence from sperm ultrastructure (Jamieson & Grier, of the andropodium, the male copulatory organ, which is 1993) and the pharyngeal jaw apparatus (Aschliman et al., composed of the anterior fi ve to seven anal-fi n rays (Mohr, 2005). Collette (1995, 2004) and Meisner (2001) recognised 1936a, 1936b, 1936c; Brembach, 1976, 1991; Meisner & this group at the subfamily level within Hemirhamphidae, Burns, 1997; Meisner & Louie, 2000; Meisner, 2001). The and Meisner (2001) provided further anatomical evidence fi n rays forming the andropodium are greatly thickened, 477 Huylebrouck et al.: A new species of Nomorhamphus from Sulawesi compared to more posterior anal-fi n rays, and are strongly pelvic fi n base; P2-C – pelvic fi n to caudal fi n distance; TL curved. These rays are also surrounded by a sheath of thick – total length including beak. Counts of the unpaired fi ns skin, and appear to form a functional unit. The second anal- and vertebrae (total = abdominal + caudal) were obtained fi n ray is most noticeably modifi ed, with a pair of distal from radiographs (Faxitron LX-60). In the caudal fi n, all spines and a terminal structure referred to as the spiculus. rays were counted and are reported below as upper principal Here, we describe a new species of Nomorhamphus from rays / lower principal rays and upper procurrent rays / lower Sulawesi Selatan, characterised by unique features of the procurrent rays. Vertebral counts exclude the last centrum andropodium in adult males. supporting the hypural complex. Scale counts follow Kottelat et al. (1993); the predorsal scales are counted from the dorsal mid-line between the occiput and dorsal origin. Counts MATERIAL AND METHODS obtained from holotype are listed in square brackets [ ]. Terms used for describing the modifi ed anal-fi n rays of males Specimens of the new Nomorhamphus were obtained from follow Brembach (1976, 1991), Meisner & Burns (1997), three sites in Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia, by electrofi shing and Meisner (2001). The anterior fi ve to seven anal-fi n rays with a portable DEKA 3000 electroshocker or by dip- that become thickened and curved are collectively referred netting. Single individuals of both sexes were photographed to as the andropodium (Fig. 2). The terminal portion of the immediately after catching to record live colouration. second anal-fi n ray, distal to the paired spines, is referred to Subsequently, fi sh were preserved in 4% formalin and later as the spiculus. The spines and the spiculus together constitute transferred to 80% ethanol for storage; specimens from the tridens fl exibilis. The cryptoplica is the fl eshy covering Tilanga were directly fi xed in 70% Ethanol. All measurements that develops on both sides of the modifi ed anal-fi n rays; (Fig. 1) were taken from point to point, recorded to the nearest it extends down and overlaps the fi rst seven rays ventrally 0.1 mm with a digital caliper. Data listed in Description and forming a thick sheath. The physa is a membranous pouch Comparisons refer to the type material. Abbreviations used (hypothesized to be involved in sperm storage; Brembach, include: SL – standard length; LJL – lower jaw length; LJLB 1976, 1991) that is situated between rays three and four and – length of the elongate part of the lower jaw (following lies irregulary on one side of the fi n; it covers a small portion Brembach, 1991); UJL – upper jaw length; UJW – upper of the fi rst and second anal-fi n rays. The present of the physa jaw width; SN-P1 – snout to pectoral fi n distance; SN-P2 and cryptoplica is an indication that the andropodium is – snout to pelvic fi n distance; HDL – head length; BDP1 functional. In not dissected specimens the fi rst segments of – body depth at pectoral fi n base; BDP2 – body depth at each ray and entire anal-fi n rays 4-7 are not clearly visible. For Fig. 1. Measurements taken on Nomorhamphus. 1, standard length (SL); 2, total length including beak (TL); 3, lower jaw length Brembach (LJLB); 4, lower jaw length (LJL); 5, upper jaw length (UJW); 6, bony orbital diameter (ORBL); 7, head length (HDL); 8, snout to pectoral- fi n distance (SN-P1); 9, snout to pelvic-fi n distance (SN-P2); 10, body depth at pectoral-fi n base (BDP1); 11, body depth at pelvic-fi n base (BDP2); 12, depth of caudal peduncle; 13, pelvic-fi n to caudal-fi n distance (P2-C); 14, length of pectoral fi n; 15, length of pectoral-fi n base; 16, length of dorsal fi n; 17, length of dorsal-fi n base; 18, length of pelvic fi n; 19, length of pelvic-fi n base; 20, length of anal fi n; 21, length of anal-fi n base; 22, length of caudal fi n. 478 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2012 this reason, these details and details of the longest segment of anal-fi n ray slightly constricted longitudinally, giving the the second anal-fi n ray were completed by using radiographs appearance of two distinct rays; third anal-fi n ray composed and the cleared and stained male specimen ZFMK 44968 of two elongate segments, each approximately half the (31.5 mm SL). Comparative material of Nomorhamphus from length of the entire ray, followed by a few short segments Sulawesi Tenggara and Selatan was collected between 1978 at the distal tip, which contact the spiculus; fourth anal-fi n and 2004 (see Comparative Material). Material examined is ray divided into three rows from approximately the third of deposited in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), its length, forming a kind of a covering for the third anal- Research and Centre for Biology, the Indonesian Institute fi n ray with one dorsal and two lateral rows beneath. It is of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Indonesia, the Zoologisches further distinguished from Nomorhamphus ebrardtii and Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn (ZFMK), and N. kolonodalensis by having a relatively longer lower jaw the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich (ZSM). (LJLB 5.7–11.3 times in SL vs. 13.4–15.9 in N. ebrardtii and 8.8–22.2 in N. kolonodalensis; Meisner, 2001). TAXONOMY Description. — Morphometric and meristic characters are provided in Tables 1, 2. Body deep. Lower jaw relatively Nomorhamphus rex, new species long, upper jaw longer than wide. Eye relatively large. (Figs. 2–8; Table 1) Specimens >35
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