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Chapter 12 Aristocrats, Mercenaries, Clergymen and Refugees: Deliberate and Forced Mobility of Armenians in the Early Medieval Mediterranean (6th to 11th Century a.d.) Johannes Preiser-Kapeller 1 Introduction Armenian mobility in the early Middle Ages has found some attention in the scholarly community. This is especially true for the migration of individuals and groups towards the Byzantine Empire. A considerable amount of this re- search has focused on the carriers and histories of individual aristocrats or noble families of Armenian origin. The obviously significant share of these in the Byzantine elite has even led to formulations such as Byzantium being a “Greco-Armenian Empire”.1 While, as expected, evidence for the elite stratum is relatively dense, larger scale migration of members of the lower aristocracy (“azat”, within the ranking system of Armenian nobility, see below) or non- aristocrats (“anazat”) can also be traced with regard to the overall movement of groups within the entire Byzantine sphere. In contrast to the nobility, however, the life stories and strategies of individuals of these backgrounds very rarely can be reconstructed based on our evidence. In all cases, the actual signifi- cance of an “Armenian” identity for individuals and groups identified as “Ar- menian” by contemporary sources or modern day scholarship (on the basis of 1 Charanis, “Armenians in the Byzantine Empire”, passim; Charanis, “Transfer of population”; Toumanoff, “Caucasia and Byzantium”, pp. 131–133; Ditten, Ethnische Verschiebungen, pp. 124–127, 134–135; Haldon, “Late Roman Senatorial Elite”, pp. 213–215; Whitby, “Recruitment”, pp. 87–90, 99–101, 106–110; Isaac, “Army in the Late Roman East”, pp. -
Byzantine Names for SCA Personae
1 A Short (and rough) Guide to Byzantine Names for SCA personae This is a listing of names that may be useful for constructing Byzantine persona. Having said that, please note that the term „Byzantine‟ is one that was not used in the time of the Empire. They referred to themselves as Romans. Please also note that this is compiled by a non-historian and non-linguist. When errors are detected, please let me know so that I can correct them. Additional material is always welcomed. It is a work in progress and will be added to as I have time to research more books. This is the second major revision and the number of errors picked up is legion. If you have an earlier copy throw it away now. Some names of barbarians who became citizens are included. Names from „client states‟ such as Serbia and Bosnia, as well as adversaries, can be found in my other article called Names for other Eastern Cultures. In itself it is not sufficient documentation for heraldic submission, but it will give you ideas and tell you where to start looking. The use of (?) means that either I have nothing that gives me an idea, or that I am not sure of what I have. If there are alternatives given of „c‟, „x‟ and „k‟ modern scholarship prefers the „k‟. „K‟ is closer to the original in both spelling and pronunciation. Baron, OP, Strategos tous notious okeanous, known to the Latins as Hrolf Current update 12/08/2011 Family Names ............................................................. 2 Male First Names ....................................................... -
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Volume IV by Edward Gibbon
HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE By Edward Gibbon VOLUME IV This is volume four of the six volumes of Edward Gibbon's History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire. I will be scanning and putting out on the net the remaining volumes as I find time to do this. So have patience. If you find any errors please feel free to notify me of them. I want to make this the best etext edition possible for both scholars and the general public. [email protected] and [email protected] are my email addresses for now. Please feel free to send me your comments and I hope you enjoy this. David Reed History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Edward Gibbon, Esq. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman Vol. 4 1782 (Written), 1845 (Revised) Chapter XXXIX: Gothic Kingdom Of Italy. Part I. Zeno And Anastasius, Emperors Of The East. - Birth, Education, And First Exploits Of Theodoric The Ostrogoth. - His Invasion And Conquest Of Italy. - The Gothic Kingdom Of Italy. - State Of The West. - Military And Civil Government. - The Senator Boethius. - Last Acts And Death Of Theodoric. After the fall of the Roman empire in the West, an interval of fifty years, till the memorable reign of Justinian, is faintly marked by the obscure names and imperfect annals of Zeno, Anastasius, and Justin, who successively ascended to the throne of Constantinople. During the same period, Italy revived and flourished under the government of a Gothic king, who might have deserved a statue among the best and bravest of the ancient Romans. -
Puech 2015-II-2.Pdf
pour citer cet article : Puech, Vincent, «Les officiers de l’armée d’Afrique sous Justinien », RM2E - Revue de la Méditerranée, édition électronique, Tome II. 2, 2015, p. 57-.82. éditeur : Institut méditerranéen url : http://www.revuedelamediterranee.org/index_htm_files/ Puech_2015-II-2.pdf Pour contacter la revue secrétariat de rédaction : [email protected] ISSN : 2274-9608 publié en juillet 2015 © Institut méditerranéen LES OFFICIERS DE L’ARMÉE D’AFRIQUE SOUS JUSTINIEN Vincent Puech Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines e tous les royaumes installés dans les constructeurs des forteresses et le livre d’Y. «Dles ruines de l’Empire d’Occident, Modéran5 sur les relations entre les Romains et celui des Vandales apparaissait comme le plus les Maures. L’historiographie récente est ainsi puissant, le plus dangereux et aussi le plus riche assez peu revenue sur les structures de l’armée mais ses divisions internes récentes le rendaient de Justinien et en particulier sur la composition vulnérable et les catholiques persécutés par le du corps des officiers, même si l’ouvrage de roi appelaient de leurs vœux une intervention J. ConantMéditerranée6 sur l’Afrique vandale et byzantine impériale. Ce furent ces faits qui déterminèrent offre quelques aperçus à ce sujet. Je voudrais Justinien à le retenir comme premier objectif m’intéresser ici à la sociologie des officiers de de sa politique d’expansion »1. Ces réflexions Justinienla afin de tenter de mettre en lumière de G. Tate mettent bien en valeur l’enjeu de la les forces et les faiblesses du commandement reconquête de l’Afrique pour le grand empereur romain (ou byzantin) en Afrique. -
A History of Byzantium
A History of Byzantium AHOA01 1 24/11/04, 5:49 PM Blackwell History of the Ancient World This series provides a new narrative history of the ancient world, from the beginnings of civilization in the ancient Near East and Egypt to the fall of Constantinople. Written by experts in their fields, the books in the series offer authoritative accessible surveys for students and general readers alike. Published A History of Byzantium Timothy E. Gregory A History of the Ancient Near East Marc Van De Mieroop In Preparation A History of Ancient Egypt David O’Connor A History of the Persian Empire Christopher Tuplin A History of the Archaic Greek World Jonathan Hall A History of the Classical Greek World P. J. Rhodes A History of the Hellenistic World Malcolm Errington A History of the Roman Republic John Rich A History of the Roman Empire Michael Peachin A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284–622 Stephen Mitchell AHOA01 2 24/11/04, 5:49 PM A History of Byzantium Timothy E. Gregory AHOA01 3 24/11/04, 5:49 PM © 2005 by Timothy E. Gregory BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Timothy E. Gregory to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. -
«Les Officiers De L'armée D'afrique Sous Justinien», RM2E–Revue De
pour citer cet article : Puech, Vincent, «Les officiers de l’armée d’Afrique sous Justinien », RM2E - Revue de la Méditerranée, édition électronique, Tome II. 2, 2015, p. 57-.82. éditeur : Institut méditerranéen url : http://www.revuedelamediterranee.org/index_htm_files/ Puech_2015-II-2.pdf Pour contacter la revue secrétariat de rédaction : [email protected] ISSN : 2274-9608 publié en juillet 2015 © Institut méditerranéen LES OFFICIERS DE L’ARMÉE D’AFRIQUE SOUS JUSTINIEN Vincent Puech Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines e tous les royaumes installés dans les constructeurs des forteresses et le livre d’Y. «Dles ruines de l’Empire d’Occident, Modéran5 sur les relations entre les Romains et celui des Vandales apparaissait comme le plus les Maures. L’historiographie récente est ainsi puissant, le plus dangereux et aussi le plus riche assez peu revenue sur les structures de l’armée mais ses divisions internes récentes le rendaient de Justinien et en particulier sur la composition vulnérable et les catholiques persécutés par le du corps des officiers, même si l’ouvrage de roi appelaient de leurs vœux une intervention J. Conant6 sur l’Afrique vandale et byzantine impériale. Ce furent ces faits qui déterminèrent offre quelques aperçus à ce sujet. Je voudrais Justinien à le retenir comme premier objectif m’intéresser ici à la sociologie des officiers de de sa politique d’expansion »1. Ces réflexions Justinien afin de tenter de mettre en lumière de G. Tate mettent bien en valeur l’enjeu de la les forces et les faiblesses du commandement reconquête de l’Afrique pour le grand empereur romain (ou byzantin) en Afrique. -
Illodmluid GIPE-PUNE-OO 1636
Dhanuja~'W1IO Gad~ l~ IllODmlUID GIPE-PUNE-OO 1636 .. A HISTORY OF THE LATER "ROMAN EMPIRE P~. y;.~~ oS • A HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE FROM ARCADIUS TO IRENE (395 A.D. TO 800 A.D.) BY J. B. BURY, M.A. FBLLOW AND TUTOR OF TRINITY COr.i.BGE, DUBLIN VOL. I lLontJon MACMILLAN AND CO. AND NEW YORK i889 vs~, 11~ Bq, r /63£ PREFACE THERE is no period of history which has been so much obscured by incorrect and misleading titles as the period of the later Roman Empire. It is, I believe, more due to improper names than one might at first be disposed to admit, that the import of that period is so constantly misunderstood and its character so often misrepresented. For the first step towards grasping the history of those centuries through which the ancient evolved into the modern world is the comprehension of the fact that the old Roman Empire did not cease to exist until the year 1453. The line of Roman Emperors continued in unbroken succession from Octavius Augustus to Constantine Palaeo- logus. • Now this essential fact is obscured as far IlS language is able to obscure it by applying the name "Byzantine" or the name "Greek" to the Empire in its later stages. Historians who use the phrase "Byzantine Empire" are not very con sistent or very precise as to the date at which the "Roman Empire" ends and the " Byzantine Empire" begins. Sometimes the line is drawn at the foundation of Constantinople by Con stantine the Great, sometimes at the death of Theodosius the Great, sometimes at the reign of Justinian, sometimes (as by Finlay) at the accession of Leo the Isaurian; and the historian who adopts one line of division cannot assert that the historian who adopts a different line is wrong. -
The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars
THE ROMAN EASTERN FRONTIER AND THE PERSIAN WARS THE ROMAN EASTERN FRONTIER AND THE PERSIAN WARS PART II AD 363–630 A narrative sourcebook Edited and compiled by Geoffrey Greatrex and Samuel N.C. Lieu London and New York First published 2002 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2002 Geoffrey Greatrex and Samuel N.C. Lieu All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record has been requested ISBN 0-203-99454-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0–415–14687–9 (Print Edition) TO MARINA AND JUDITH CONTENTS List of maps ix Preface x Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations xv Eastern Roman emperors (363–630) xvii Persian kings (363–630) xviii Glossary xix Notes on the sources xxi Maps xxviii–xxxii 1 The Peace of Jovian and its aftermath -
Reconstructing Justinian's Reconquest of the West Without
Reconstructing Justinian’s Reconquest of the West without Procopius By Travis Colbourne Thesis submitted to the University of Ottawa in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Classical Studies Supervisor: Dr. Geoffrey Greatrex Department of Classics and Religious Studies Faculty of Arts University of Ottawa © Travis Colbourne, Ottawa, Canada, 2021 Abstract This thesis examines the evidence surrounding the Roman emperor Justinian’s wars in western Europe (Italy and Spain) and North Africa. It argues that without Procopius’ narrative, we would be left with a very bland, cursory account and even find it difficult to get a full grip on what happened when, even though Jordanes in particular does give some sort of narrative. The thesis focuses on the narrative of Justinian’s western wars offered by sources like Jordanes’, Romana and Getica, Victor of Tonnuna’s Chronicle, Corippus’ epic poem and Marcellinus comes’ Chronicle and its addition. It also discusses when each of these sources was written and where, and the background of the author, so that the reader can identify what was important to the author and the potential biases in the presentation of the events in question. The thesis then compares the narrative of the above sources to the narrative of Procopius in order to determine what information historians and scholars would not have if they did not have Procopius’ work. ii Reconstructing Justinian’s Reconquest of the West without Procopius Travis Colbourne Contents: General Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Chapter 1: Sources Other than Procopius of Caesarea…………………………………….. 3 Introduction………………………………………………......................................................... 3 Literary Sources……………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Archaeological and Epigraphical Evidence………………………............................................20 Legal Sources……………………............................................................................................. -
History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Edward Gibbon, Esq. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman Vol. 4 1782 (Written), 1845 (Revised) Chapter XXXIX: Gothic Kingdom Of Italy. Part I. Zeno And Anastasius, Emperors Of The East. - Birth, Education, And First Exploits Of Theodoric The Ostrogoth. - His Invasion And Conquest Of Italy. - The Gothic Kingdom Of Italy. - State Of The West. - Military And Civil Government. - The Senator Boethius. - Last Acts And Death Of Theodoric. After the fall of the Roman empire in the West, an interval of fifty years, till the memorable reign of Justinian, is faintly marked by the obscure names and imperfect annals of Zeno, Anastasius, and Justin, who successively ascended to the throne of Constantinople. During the same period, Italy revived and flourished under the government of a Gothic king, who might have deserved a statue among the best and bravest of the ancient Romans. Theodoric the Ostrogoth, the fourteenth in lineal descent of the royal line of the Amali, ^1 was born in the neighborhood of Vienna ^2 two years after the death of Attila. ^! A recent victory had restored the independence of the Ostrogoths; and the three brothers, Walamir, Theodemir, and Widimir, who ruled that warlike nation with united counsels, had separately pitched their habitations in the fertile though desolate province of Pannonia. The Huns still threatened their revolted subjects, but their hasty attack was repelled by the single forces of Walamir, and the news of his victory reached the distant camp of his brother in the same auspicious moment that the favorite concubine of Theodemir was delivered of a son and heir. -
Sovereigns of the Byzantine World
Sovereigns of the Byzantine World Byzantine emperors and empresses (Numerals include Emperors of West; reigns are dated from effective assumption of power rather than nominal appointment.) Constantine I 324–337 Constantius II 337–361 Julian 361–363 Jovian 363–364 Valentinian (acting) 364 (−375 in West) Valens 364–378 Gratian (acting) 378–379 (383 in West) Theodosius I 379–394 Arcadius 393–408 Theodosius II 408–450 (Pulcheria 414–453) Marcian 450–457 Leo I 457–474 Leo II 474 Zeno 474–475 Basiliscus 475–476 Zeno (rest) 476–491 Anastasius 491–518 Justin 518–527 Justinian 527–565 Justin II 565–578 Tiberius II 578–582 (regent 574–578) Maurice 582–602 Phocas 602–610 Heraclius 610–641 Constantine III 641 Constans II 641–668 Constantine IV 668–685 Justinian II 685–695 Leontius 695–698 Tiberius III (Apsimar) 698–705 Justinian II (rest) 705–711 Philippicus Bardanes 711–713 Anastasius II (Anthemius) 713–715/716 Theodosius III 715–717 Leo III (Conon) 717–741 737 738 Sovereigns of the Byzantine World Constantine V 741–775 (Artavasdus 741–743) Leo IV 775–780 Constantine VI 780–797 Irene 797–802 (regent 780–790) Nicephorus I 802–811 Stauracius 811 Michael I Rhangabe 811–813 Leo V 813–820 Michael II the Amorian 820–829 Theophilus 829–842 Michael III 842–867 (Theodora and Theoctistus, reg. 842–855) Basil I the Macedonian 866/867–886 Leo VI the Wise 886–912 Alexander 912–913 Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus 913–959 Romanus I Lecapenus 919–944 Romanus II 959–963 (Basil II , titular 963–976) (Constantine VIII, titular 963–1025) Nicephorus II Phocas 963–969 -
© in This Web Service Cambridge University
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19697-0 - Staying Roman: Conquest and Identity in Africa and the Mediterranean, 439–700 Jonathan Conant Index More information INDEX cAbd Allah¯ ibn Saad, 335 Roman Achilles, 55 distinctive culture of, 8–9 Adeodatus (name), 115–27, 283 ‘Romanness’ of, 3–4, 7–8 administration, Byzantine social and political ties to Italy, 9–12 Africans in, 203–4, 211, 237 Vandal conquest of, 131–2 financial, 199, 235–6 Africa Proconsularis high officials Arian persecution in, 144, 164–5, 166, 181 court connections, 204–5, 220–3, 226 Byzantine administration of, 197, 207 regional origins, 202–4 Byzantine fortification of, 299 promotion within, 223–4 dating systems, 150–1 senior officers economy, 51, 91, 93–4, 334, 336 families of, 242–4 location of, 7 military background, 218–20 provincial church council of, 322, 348, prior service in Africa, 224–6 357 term of appointment, 233–5 Roman administration of, 9–10 ties to predecessors, 223 Vandal control of, 22 size, 240 Vandal settlement in, 47–50 structure of, 197–8 African red slip ware subordinate officers as economic evidence, 91, 333 court connections, 227–8 distribution in Africa, 98–9, 100–1, 287, recommendation of, 229, 230 288, 334 regional origins, 205–6, 207–11 exports, 92–4, 95, 336, 337 term of appointment, 236–9 production, 51, 91, 98, 140, 336 ties to superiors, 228–31 Agapetus (Pope), 172, 347 administration, Roman, 9–12 Agnellus (Ostrogothic ambassador), 39, 41 administration, Vandal, 46, 143–4 A¨ıgan (Byzantine officer), 207, 229–30, 232, Aegean, 92, 215, 337 300