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Sovereigns of the Byzantine World

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Sovereigns of the Byzantine World Byzantine emperors and empresses (Numerals include Emperors of West; reigns are dated from effective assumption of power rather than nominal appointment.) Constantine I 324–337 Constantius II 337–361 Julian 361–363 Jovian 363–364 Valentinian (acting) 364 (−375 in West) Valens 364–378 Gratian (acting) 378–379 (383 in West) Theodosius I 379–394 Arcadius 393–408 Theodosius II 408–450 (Pulcheria 414–453) Marcian 450–457 Leo I 457–474 Leo II 474 Zeno 474–475 Basiliscus 475–476 Zeno (rest) 476–491 Anastasius 491–518 Justin 518–527 Justinian 527–565 Justin II 565–578 Tiberius II 578–582 (regent 574–578) Maurice 582–602 Phocas 602–610 Heraclius 610–641 Constantine III 641 Constans II 641–668 Constantine IV 668–685 Justinian II 685–695 Leontius 695–698 Tiberius III (Apsimar) 698–705 Justinian II (rest) 705–711 Philippicus Bardanes 711–713 Anastasius II (Anthemius) 713–715/716 Theodosius III 715–717 Leo III (Conon) 717–741 737 738 Sovereigns of the Byzantine World Constantine V 741–775 (Artavasdus 741–743) Leo IV 775–780 Constantine VI 780–797 Irene 797–802 (regent 780–790) Nicephorus I 802–811 Stauracius 811 Michael I Rhangabe 811–813 Leo V 813–820 Michael II the Amorian 820–829 Theophilus 829–842 Michael III 842–867 (Theodora and Theoctistus, reg. 842–855) Basil I the Macedonian 866/867–886 Leo VI the Wise 886–912 Alexander 912–913 Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus 913–959 Romanus I Lecapenus 919–944 Romanus II 959–963 (Basil II , titular 963–976) (Constantine VIII, titular 963–1025) Nicephorus II Phocas 963–969 John I Tzimisces 969–976 Basil II 976–1025 Constantine VIII 1025–1028 (Zoe, titular 1028–1042) Romanus III Argyrus 1028–1034 Michael IV the Paphlagonian 1034–1041 Michael V Calaphates 1041–1042 Zoe and Theodora 1042 (Zoe, titular 1042–1050) Constantine IX Monomachus 1042–1055 Theodora 1055–1056 Michael VI Stratioticus 1056–1057 Isaac I Comnenus 1057–1059 Constantine X Ducas 1059–1067 Michael VII 1067–1078 (Eudocia Macrembolitissa, regent 1067–1068) Romanus IV Diogenes 1068–1072 Nicephorus III Botaneiates 1078–1081 Alexius I Comnenus 1081–1118 John II 1118–1143 Manuel I 1143–1180 Alexius II 1180–1183 (Maria of Antioch, reg. 1180–1182) (Andronicus Comnenus, reg. 1182–1183) Andronicus I 1183–1185 Isaac II Angelus 1185–1195 Alexius III Angelus 1195–1203 Isaac II (rest) 1203–1204 Alexius IV 1203–1204 Alexius V Murtzuphlus 1204 Sovereigns of the Byzantine World 739 Latin emperors in Constantinople Baldwin I of Flanders 1204–1205 Henry I of Flanders 1206–1216 Peter of Courtenay (titular) 1216–1217 Yolande of Courtenay 1217–1219 Robert of Courtenay 1221–1228 Baldwin II 1228–1261 Emperors in Nicaea Theodore I Lascaris 1204/6–1221/2 John III Vatatzes 1221/2–1254 Theodore II Lascaris (Vatatzes) 1254–1258 John IV Lascaris 1258–1261 Michael VIII Palaeologus 1258–1261 Despots of Epirus (and Thessalonica where stated) Michael I Angelus Ducas 1205–1213/14 Theodore (Emperor 1224) (Thessalonica 1224–30) 1213/14–1230 Manuel (Thessalonica) 1230–1237 John (Thessalonica) 1237–1244 Demetrius (Thessalonica) 1244–1246 Michael II ?1231–?1268 Nicephorus ?1268–1296 Thomas 1296–1318 Nicholas Orsini 1318–1323 John Orsini 1323–1335 Nicephorus II Orsini (Ducas) 1335–1337, 1339, ?1356–8. Emperors in Constantinople Michael VIII Palaeologus 1261–1282 Andronicus II 1282–1328 (Michael IX 1295–1320) Andronicus III 1325/8–1341 John V 1341–1376 (Anna of Savoy, regent 1341–1347) (John VI Cantacuzene, rebel 1341–1347) John VI Cantacuzene 1347–1354 (Matthew Cantacuzene 1353–1357) Andronicus IV 1376–1379 John V (rest) 1379–1390 John VII 1390 740 Sovereigns of the Byzantine World John V (rest) 1390–1391 Manuel II 1391–1425 (John VII, regent 1399–1403) John VIII 1421/5–1448 Constantine XI 1449–1453 Despots of the Morea Manuel Cantacuzene 1349–1380 Matthew Cantacuzene 1380–1383 Theodore I Palaeologus 1383–1407 Theodore II Palaeologus 1414–1443 Constantine (XI) 1426–1448 Thomas 1429–1460 Demetrius 1449–1460 Emperors of Trebizond Alexius I Comnenus 1204–1222 David (at Sinope) 1204–1214 Andronicus I Gidus 1222–1235 John I 1235–1238 Manuel I 1238–1263 Andronicus II 1263–1266 George 1266–1280 John II 1280–1297 Alexius II 1297–1330 Andronicus III 1330–1332 (Manuel II, titular 1332) Basil 1332–1340 Irene Palaelogina 1340–1341 Anna 1341 Michael 1341 Anna (rest) 1341–1342 John III 1342–1344 Michael (rest) 1344–1349 Alexius III 1349–1390 Manuel III 1390–1417 Alexius IV 1417–1429 John IV 1429–1458 David II 1458–1461 Patriarchs of Constantinople Alexander 324–337 Paul 337–339 Sovereigns of the Byzantine World 741 Eusebius 339–341 Paul (rest) 341–342 Macedonius 342–346 Paul (rest) 346–351 Macedonius (rest) 351–360 Eudoxius 360–370 Demophilus 370–379 Gregory of Nazianzus 379–381 Nectarius 381–397 John Chrysostom 398–404 Arsacius 404–405 Atticus 406–425 Sisinnius 426–427 Nestorius 428–431 Maximian 431–434 Proclus 434–446 Flavian 446–449 Anatolius 449–458 Gennadius 458–471 Acacius 472–489 Fravitta 489–490 Euphemius 490–496 Macedonius II 496–511 Timotheus 511–518 John II 518–520 Epiphanius 520–535 Anthimus 535–536 Menas 536–552 Eutychius 552–565 John III 565–577 Eutychius (rest) 577–582 John IV the Faster 582–595 Cyriacus 595–606 Thomas 607–610 Sergius 610–638 Pyrrhus 638–641 Paul II 641–653 Pyrrhus (rest) 654 Peter 654–666 Thomas 666–669 John V 669–675 Constantine 675–677 Theodore 677–679 George 679–686 Theodore (rest) 686–687 Paul III 688–694 Callinicus 694–706 Cyrus 706–712 John VI 712–715 Germanus 715–730 Anastasius 730–754 Constantine II 754–766 742 Sovereigns of the Byzantine World Nicetas 766–780 Paul IV 780–784 Tarasius 784–806 Nicephorus 806–815 Theodotus Melissenus 815–821 Anthony Cassimatas 821–837 John VII the Grammarian 837–843 Methodius 843–847 Ignatius 847–858 Photius 858–867 Ignatius (rest) 867–877 Photius (rest) 877–886 Stephen 886–893 Anthony II Cauleas 893–901 Nicholas Mysticus 901–907 Euthymius 907–912 Nicholas Mysticus (rest) 912–925 Stephen II 925–927 Tryphon 927–931 Theophylact 931–956 Polyeuctus 956–970 Basil Scamandrenus 970–973 Anthony III of Studius 973–978 Nicholas II Chrysoberges 980–992 Sisinnius II 996–998 Sergius II 1001–1019 Eustathius 1019–1025 Alexius 1025–1043 Michael Cerularius 1043–1058 Constantine III Lichudes 1059–1063 John VIII Xiphilinus 1064–1075 Cosmas 1075–1081 Eustratius Garidas 1081–1084 Nicholas III Grammaticus 1084–1111 John IX Agapetus 1111–1134 Leo Stypiotes 1134–1143 Michael II Curcuas 1143–1146 Cosmas II Atticus 1146–1147 Nicholas IV Muzalon 1147–1151 Theodotus II 1151/2–1154 Constantine IV Chliarenus 1154–1157 Luke Chrysoberges 1157–1170 Michael III of Anchialus 1170–1178 Chariton Eugeniotes 1178–1179 Theodosius Boradiotes 1179–1183 Basil II Camaterus 1183–1186 Nicetas II Muntanes 1186–1189 Dositheus of Jerusalem 1189 Leontius 1189 Dositheus (rest) 1189–1191 George II Xiphilinus 1191–1198 John IX Camaterus 1198–1206 Sovereigns of the Byzantine World 743 (Nicaean Empire: Patriarchs) Michael IV Autoreianus 1208–1214 Theodore II Irenicus 1214–1216 Maximus 1216 Manuel Sarantenus 1217–1222 Germanus II 1222–1240 Methodius II 1240 Manuel II 1244–1254 Arsenius Autoreianus 1254–1259 Nicephorus II 1259–1260 Patriarchs of Constantinople (rest) Arsenius Autoreianus 1261–1263 Germanus III 1265–1266 Joseph 1266–1275 John XI Beccus 1275–1282 Joseph (rest) 1282–1283 Gregory II of Cyprus 1283–1289 Athanasius 1289–1293 John XII Cosmas 1294–1303 Athanasius (rest) 1303–1309 Niphon 1310–1314 John XIII Glycys 1315–1319 Gerasimus 1320–1321 Esaias 1323–1332 John XIV Calecas 1334–1347 Isidore Bucharis 1347–1350 Callistus 1350–1353 Philotheus Coccinus 1353–1354 Callistus (rest) 1355–1363 Philotheus (rest) 1364–1376 Macarius 1376–1379 Nilus 1380–1388 Anthony IV 1389–1390 Macarius (rest) 1390–1391 Anthony IV (rest) 1391–1397 Callistus II 1397 Matthew 1397–1410 Euthymius II 1410–1416 Joseph II 1416–1439 Metrophanes II 1440–1443 Gregory III Mammes 1443–1452 Patriarchs of Alexandria Alexander 312–328 Athanasius 328–339 744 Sovereigns of the Byzantine World Gregory 339–345 Athanasius (rest) 345–356 George 356–362 Athanasius (rest) 362–373 Peter II 373–380 Timotheus I 380–385 Theophilus 385–412 Cyril 412–444 Dioscurus 444–451 Proterius 452–457 Timotheus II 457–460 Timotheus III 460–475 Timotheus II (rest) 475–477 Timotheus III (rest) 477–482 John 482 Peter III 482–489 Athanasius II 490–496 John II 496–505 John III 506–516 Dioscurus II 516–517 Timotheus IV 517–535 Gaian 535 Theodosius 535–536 Paul 537–542 Zoilus 542–551 Apollinarius 551–570 John IV 570–580 Eugenius 580–607 John V 607–619 Latin princes of Achaia William de Champlitte 1205–1210 Geoffrey I de Villehardouin 1210–?1228 Geoffrey II de Villehardouin ?1228–1246 William de Villehardouin 1246–1278 Charles of Anjou, King of Naples 1278–1285 Charles II of Anjou 1285–1289 Isabelle of Villehardouin 1289–1307 Florent of Hainault 1289–1301 Philip of Savoy 1301–1307 Philip of Taranto 1307–1313 Mahaut of Hainault 1313–1318 John of Gravina 1318–1333 Robert of Taranto 1333–1364 Marie de Bourbon 1364–1370 Philip II of Taranto 1370–1373 Joan, Queen of Naples 1373–1380 Sovereigns of the Byzantine World 745 Lords and (1263) Dukes of Athens (De la Roche) Otho 1205–1225 Guy 1225–1263 John 1263–1280 William 1280–1287 Guy II 1287–1308 (Acciajuoli) Nerio 1394 Antonio 1402–1435 Nerio II 1435–1439 Antonio II 1439–1441 Nerio II (rest) 1441–1451 Francesco 1451–?1452 Franco ?1452–1456 Bulgarian Khanate/kingdom/empire Asparuch 681–c.701 Tervel c.701–718 Sevar c.718–750 Kormesios 750–763 Baian 763–765 Tokht 765 Telerich 765–777 Kardam 777–?803 Krum ?803–814 Ditzevg 814–815 Omurtag 815–831 Malamir 831–852
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    Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths.
  • Russian Viking and Royal Ancestry

    Russian Viking and Royal Ancestry

    GRANHOLM GENEALOGY RUSSIAN/VIKING ANCESTRY Direct Lineage from: Rurik Ruler of Kievan Rus to: Lars Erik Granholm 1 Rurik Ruler of Kievan Rus b. 830 d. 879 m. Efenda (Edvina) Novgorod m. ABT 876 b. ABT 850 2 Igor Grand Prince of Kiev b. ABT 835 Kiev,Ukraine,Russia d. 945 Kiev,Ukraine,Russia m. Olga Prekrasa of Kiev b. ABT 890 d. 11 Jul 969 Kiev 3 Sviatoslav I Grand Prince of Kiev b. ABT 942 d. MAR 972 m. Malusha of Lybeck b. ABT 944 4 Vladimir I the Great Grand Prince of Kiev b. 960 Kiev, Ukraine d. 15 Jul 1015 Berestovo, Kiev m. Rogneda Princess of Polotsk b. 962 Polotsk, Byelorussia d. 1002 [daughter of Ragnvald Olafsson Count of Polatsk] m. Kunosdotter Countess of Oehningen [Child of Vladimir I the Great Grand Prince of Kiev and Rogneda Princess of Polotsk] 5 Yaroslav I the Wise Grand Duke of Kiew b. 978 Kiev d. 20 Feb 1054 Kiev m. Ingegerd Olofsdotter Princess of Sweden m. 1019 Russia b. 1001 Sigtuna, Sweden d. 10 Feb 1050 [daughter of Olof Skötkonung King of Sweden and Estrid (Ingerid) Princess of Sweden] 6 Vsevolod I Yaroslavich Grand Prince of Kiev b. 1030 d. 13 Apr 1093 m. Irene Maria Princess of Byzantium b. ABT 1032 Konstantinopel, Turkey d. NOV 1067 [daughter of Constantine IX Emperor of Byzantium and Sclerina Empress of Byzantium] 7 Vladimir II "Monomach" Grand Duke of Kiev b. 1053 d. 19 May 1125 m. Gytha Haraldsdotter Princess of England m. 1074 b. ABT 1053 d. 1 May 1107 [daughter of Harold II Godwinson King of England and Ealdgyth Swan-neck] m.