Roman Gods Word Match Find the Word Or Phrase from Column B That Best Matches the Word in Column A
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Ritual Cleaning-Up of the City: from the Lupercalia to the Argei*
RITUAL CLEANING-UP OF THE CITY: FROM THE LUPERCALIA TO THE ARGEI* This paper is not an analysis of the fine aspects of ritual, myth and ety- mology. I do not intend to guess the exact meaning of Luperci and Argei, or why the former sacrificed a dog and the latter were bound hand and foot. What I want to examine is the role of the festivals of the Lupercalia and the Argei in the functioning of the Roman community. The best-informed among ancient writers were convinced that these were purification cere- monies. I assume that the ancients knew what they were talking about and propose, first, to establish the nature of the ritual cleanliness of the city, and second, see by what techniques the two festivals achieved that goal. What, in the perception of the Romans themselves, normally made their city unclean? What were the ordinary, repetitive sources of pollution in pre-Imperial Rome, before the concept of the cura Urbis was refined? The answer to this is provided by taboos and restrictions on certain sub- stances, and also certain activities, in the City. First, there is a rule from the Twelve Tables with Cicero’s curiously anachronistic comment: «hominem mortuum», inquit lex in duodecim, «in urbe ne sepelito neve urito», credo vel propter ignis periculum (De leg. II 58). Secondly, we have the edict of the praetor L. Sentius C.f., known from three inscrip- tions dating from the beginning of the first century BC1: L. Sentius C. f. pr(aetor) de sen(atus) sent(entia) loca terminanda coer(avit). -
Truth Behind Christian Commemorations
This E-book is dedicated to the Real Jesus and his True teachings … in this E-book the truth behind few Christian commemorations based on Christian documents are being presented and then the Islamic view is stated …Seconds are coming and going … finally shall come the ever-anticipated moment when the concealed Truth shall be divulged and humankind will at last experience True Monotheism and True Justice… Truth Behind Christian Commemorations Mojganeh Saffarnia www.kindfather.com Table of contents Chapter 1 – Christmas Part 1: Truth behind Christmas Part 2: Merry Christmas … Part 3 : And she was taken to Karbala … Chapter 2 – Easter Part 1: Truth behind Easter Part 2: Ascension of Jesus (SBUH) Part 3: Ascension of Mohammad (SAWA) Part 4: Second Coming of Jesus (SBUH) Chapter 3 – Crucifixion Part 1: Zebh ‘Azim (Grand Slaughter) Chapter 4 – Valentine Part 1: Truth behind other so-called Christian occasions1 Part 2: Truth behind other so-called Christian occasions2 www.kindfather.com | Truth Behind Christian Commemorations 1 Chapter 5 – Lady of Fatima Part 1: Truth behind ‘Lady of Fatima’ 1 Part 2 Truth behind ‘Lady of Fatima’ 2 Part 3 Truth behind ‘Lady of Fatima’ 3 Part 4 Truth behind ‘Lady of Fatima’ 4 Part 5 Truth behind ‘Lady of Fatima’ 5 Part 6 Truth behind ‘Lady of Fatima’ 6 Chapter 6 – The Real Jesus Part 1: The real ‘Eesa -Jesus- (PBUH), or a figment of imagination called jesus?! Part 2: Glad Tidings regarding the AhlulBayt in the True Enjil of 'Eesa (True Gospel of Jesus) www.kindfather.com | Truth Behind Christian Commemorations 2 Chapter 1 – Christmas www.kindfather.com | Truth Behind Christian Commemorations 3 Part 1 Truth behind Christmas Does Christmas really celebrate the birthday of Prophet Jesus (PBUH)? Was He really born on December 25th? The plain truth is, Christmas- as it has been defined- is NOT Jesus' (PBUH) birthday at all! And this festival, important as it seems to so many, is of pagan-origin! Let us examine the Catholic Encyclopedia, published by that Church. -
The Worship of Augustus Caesar
J THE WORSHIP OF AUGUSTUS C^SAR DERIVED FROM A STUDY OF COINS, MONUMENTS, CALENDARS, ^RAS AND ASTRONOMICAL AND ASTROLOGICAL CYCLES, THE WHOLE ESTABLISHING A NEW CHRONOLOGY AND SURVEY OF HISTORY AND RELIGION BY ALEXANDER DEL MAR \ NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENCYCLOPEDIA CO. 62 Reade Street 1900 (All rights reserrecf) \ \ \ COPYRIGHT BY ALEX. DEL MAR 1899. THE WORSHIP OF AUGUSTUS CAESAR. CHAPTERS. PAGE. Prologue, Preface, ........ Vll. Bibliography, ....... xi. I. —The Cycle of the Eclipses, I — II. The Ancient Year of Ten Months, . 6 III. —The Ludi S^eculares and Olympiads, 17 IV. —Astrology of the Divine Year, 39 V. —The Jovian Cycle and Worship, 43 VI. —Various Years of the Incarnation, 51 VII.—^RAS, 62 — VIII. Cycles, ...... 237 IX. —Chronological Problems and Solutions, 281 X. —Manetho's False Chronology, 287 — XI. Forgeries in Stone, .... 295 — XII. The Roman Messiah, .... 302 Index, ........ 335 Corrigenda, ....... 347 PROLOGUE. THE ABYSS OF MISERY AND DEPRAVITY FROM WHICH CHRISTIANITY REDEEMED THE ROMAN EMPIRE CAN NEVER BE FULLY UNDERSTOOD WITHOUT A KNOWLEDGE OF THE IMPIOUS WoA^P OF EM- PERORS TO WHICH EUROPE ONCE BOWED ITS CREDULOUS AND TERRIFIED HEAD. WHEN THIS OMITTED CHAPTER IS RESTORED TO THE HISTORY OF ROME, CHRISTIANITY WILL SPRING A LIFE FOR INTO NEW AND MORE VIGOROUS ; THEN ONLY WILL IT BE PERCEIVED HOW DEEP AND INERADICABLY ITS ROOTS ARE PLANTED, HOW LOFTY ARE ITS BRANCHES AND HOW DEATH- LESS ARE ITS AIMS. PREFACE. collection of data contained in this work was originally in- " THEtended as a guide to the author's studies of Monetary Sys- tems." It was therefore undertaken with the sole object of estab- lishing with precision the dates of ancient history. -
Nota Bene-- C:\USERS\GRAF.65\DESKTOP
CHAPTER F IVE THE L UPERCALIA F ROM A UGUSTUS TO C ONSTANTINE P ORPHYROGENITUS LUPERCALIA AFTER A UGUSTUS Like many other festivals of the city of Rome, the Lupercalia became almost invisible during the first three centuries of the Imperial epoch. Only because of their special social cachet did the Luperci and their rites not entirely become invisible during the imperial centuries. Theirs was the only priestly sodalitas that Augustus reserved for the knights, whereas all other sodalitates became the privilege of the senatorial aristocracy. To be made a lupercus turned into a highly- coveted status symbol of “near-aristocracy” that was publicly marked with the statue of the new lupercus already in Julio-Claudian times – a new habit of this age, as the Elder Pliny tells us, himself of an equestrian background 1. Inscriptions from both Rome and the provinces show how to be adlected a lupercus in Rome was viewed as an important early step of an equestrian cursus honorum ; sacris ____________________________ 1Plin. Nat. 34.18: Among the Roman innovations in the iconography of statues Lupercorum habitu tam noviciae sunt quam quae nuper prodiere paenulis indutae ; see Veyne (1960), 105. – On the transformation of the Lupercalia between Caesar and Augustus see Ferriès (2009). -2- Festivals in the Greek East lupercalibus functo , “to have performed one’s duty as a lupercus” remained a major career step through most of the imperial age 2. The last lupercus whom we meet in inscriptions is L. Crepereius Rogatus, vir clarissimus , a member of the senatorial elite of the earlier fourth century, a young man when Diocletian came to power 3. -
Notes on the Calendar and the Almanac
1914.] Notes on Calendar and Almanac. 11 NOTES ON THE CALENDAR AND THE ALMANAC. BY GEORGE EMERY LITTLEFIELD. In answering the question, why do the officers of pub- he libraries and bibliophiles so highly esteem and strive to make collections of old calendars and almanacs, it may be said that the calendar was coeval with and had a great influence upon civilization. Indeed, the slow but gradual formation of what we know as a calendar is an excellent illustration of the progress of civilization. At first it was a very crude scheme for recording the passing of time, deduced from irregular observations of the rising and setting of a few fixed stars, by a people who had but recently emerged from barbarism. The resultant table was of very little value and required constant revision and correction. It was only by long and patient study and observation, by gaining knowledge from repeated failures, that finally was produced the accurate and scientific register, which today bears the name of calendar. Furthermore, the material and shape of the tablet upon which the calendar was engraved or printed, was a constant .temptation to artists to decorate it with pen- cil or brush, which caused it to become a valuable me- dium for inculcating in the minds of the people, ideas of the sublime and beautiful, and never more so than at the present time. As regards the almanac, it also is of ancient memory, as we have positive evidence of its existence more than twelve hundred years before the Christian era. To its compilation scientists, philosophers, theologians, poets 12 American Antiquarian Sodety. -
A Dictionary of Mythology —
Ex-libris Ernest Rudge 22500629148 CASSELL’S POCKET REFERENCE LIBRARY A Dictionary of Mythology — Cassell’s Pocket Reference Library The first Six Volumes are : English Dictionary Poetical Quotations Proverbs and Maxims Dictionary of Mythology Gazetteer of the British Isles The Pocket Doctor Others are in active preparation In two Bindings—Cloth and Leather A DICTIONARY MYTHOLOGYOF BEING A CONCISE GUIDE TO THE MYTHS OF GREECE AND ROME, BABYLONIA, EGYPT, AMERICA, SCANDINAVIA, & GREAT BRITAIN BY LEWIS SPENCE, M.A. Author of “ The Mythologies of Ancient Mexico and Peru,” etc. i CASSELL AND COMPANY, LTD. London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne 1910 ca') zz-^y . a k. WELLCOME INS77Tint \ LIBRARY Coll. W^iMOmeo Coll. No. _Zv_^ _ii ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INTRODUCTION Our grandfathers regarded the study of mythology as a necessary adjunct to a polite education, without a knowledge of which neither the classical nor the more modem poets could be read with understanding. But it is now recognised that upon mythology and folklore rests the basis of the new science of Comparative Religion. The evolution of religion from mythology has now been made plain. It is a law of evolution that, though the parent types which precede certain forms are doomed to perish, they yet bequeath to their descendants certain of their characteristics ; and although mythology has perished (in the civilised world, at least), it has left an indelible stamp not only upon modem religions, but also upon local and national custom. The work of Fruger, Lang, Immerwahr, and others has revolutionised mythology, and has evolved from the unexplained mass of tales of forty years ago a definite and systematic science. -
© in This Web Service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09211-2 - Roman Festivals in the Greek East: From the Early Empire to the Middle Byzantine Era Fritz Graf Index More information Index Acca Larentia, 191 Apuleius, 192, 203, 276, 284 acclamations, 178, 236, 315 Arcadius, 122 Adam, 69 Ares, festival of, 64 n. 13 Aelia Eudocia, 243, 257 Aristophanes, 33, 36 Aelius Tubero, frg. 3, 165 army Aigai, Asklepieion, 52, 253, 263, 320 festivals, 64, 71, 76, 100 Akraiphia, 22 and Parilia, 83 Akraiphia, Ptoia, 18–20 and Saturnalia, 87 alapa and manumission, 196 and Vota, 74, 87 Alaric, Breviarium, 123 Artemis Orthia, altar of, Sparta, 35 Albinus. See Caeionius Rufius A. Ascension (festival), 125, 231 Alexander of Tralleis, on amulets, 301 Asklepios, 29, 37, 244, 246, 256, 259 Alföldy, Géza, 15 in Aigai, 253 Almoura (Lydia), 26 Asterius of Amaseia, 74 Ambarvalia, 46 on festivals, 138 Ambrose, on amulets, 298 Hom. 4, On the Kalendae, 138–140 Amphiaraos, 246 on Kalendae, 75 amulet, 274, 288–294, 312 and Libanius, 139 Church opposition, 295–303 astrology, 277, 280 from Beirut, 292 Athanasius from Laodikeia, 290 on amulets, 298 from Oxyrrhynchos, 291 Canons, 121, 281 from Tyre (?), 290 Athena Pammousos, 43 from Xanthos, 293 Athenaios of Naukratis, Deipn. 8.63, 93 in Bern, 291 Athens, Asklepieion, 256 in Byzantine law, 303 Atto of Vercelli, Sermo III in festo Octavae Anastasi, Giovanni, 282 Domini, 215 Andania, mysteries, 26–27 Augustine, 113, 144, 159, 161, 169, 294, 317 Andromachus, 168 amulets, 297 angels, 268, 269, 270, 289, 292, 293 Christmas and Epiphany, 121 Antioch, 103 De civ. -
For a Falcon
New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Introduction by Robert Graves CRESCENT BOOKS NEW YORK New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Translated by Richard Aldington and Delano Ames and revised by a panel of editorial advisers from the Larousse Mvthologie Generate edited by Felix Guirand and first published in France by Auge, Gillon, Hollier-Larousse, Moreau et Cie, the Librairie Larousse, Paris This 1987 edition published by Crescent Books, distributed by: Crown Publishers, Inc., 225 Park Avenue South New York, New York 10003 Copyright 1959 The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited New edition 1968 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the permission of The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited. ISBN 0-517-00404-6 Printed in Yugoslavia Scan begun 20 November 2001 Ended (at this point Goddess knows when) LaRousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Introduction by Robert Graves Perseus and Medusa With Athene's assistance, the hero has just slain the Gorgon Medusa with a bronze harpe, or curved sword given him by Hermes and now, seated on the back of Pegasus who has just sprung from her bleeding neck and holding her decapitated head in his right hand, he turns watch her two sisters who are persuing him in fury. Beneath him kneels the headless body of the Gorgon with her arms and golden wings outstretched. From her neck emerges Chrysor, father of the monster Geryon. Perseus later presented the Gorgon's head to Athene who placed it on Her shield. -
Measures of Time
PTOLEMAIC l Earth UNITS TO EARTH FRENCH DAY ENGLISH DAY l PtolemaeusMoon 33–64 lundi monday l Mercury 64–166 mercredi wednesday l Venus 166–1,079 vendredi friday l Sun 1,160–1,260 dimanche sunday l Mars 1,260–8,820 mardi tuesday l Jupiter 8,820–14,187 jeudi thursday l Saturn 14,187–19,865 samedi saturday M ’ ’ The gods rotate through the days hours, each days first hour sacred to that god. ° ° ° ° ° ° 1Romans Saturn* Sun Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus 2 Jupiter Venus Saturn Sun Moon Mars 3 Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn Sun 4 Sun Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus WEDNESDAY 5 Venus Saturn Sun Moon Mars Woden 6 Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn Sun Wotan, Odin 7 Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus highest 8 Saturn Sun Moon Mars Teutonic god, 9 Jupiter Venus Saturn Sun linked with the 10 Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus Roman god, 11 Sun Moon Mars Mercury 12 Venus Saturn Sun 13 Mercury Jupiter Venus 14 Moon Mars FRIDAY 15 Saturn Sun Frija 16 Jupiter Venus Frigg, Freyja 17 Mars love and 18 Sun Mars fertility in men 19 Venus Sun Mars and women, 20 Mercury Venus Sun Mars linked with 21 Moon Mars Mercury Venus Sun the Roman 22 Saturn Sun Moon Mars Mercury Venus goddess, Venus 23 Jupiter Venus Saturn Sun Moon Mars Mercury ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 24 Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn Sun Moon TUESDAY * Saturn, the bringer of bad luck, evaded by doing nothing on his“ day. In 321” AD the 1st Tiw Christian Roman emperor Constantine the Great shifted the day of rest to Sunday. -
Tooke's Pantheon of the Heathen Gods and Illustrious Heroes
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com -- - __ |- · |- |- |- |-|--. -:|-· |.…….….….….---- |-· |-|- ·|- ·· · · |-··|- |- |-· |-- |-· |- |- .|- ·|-|-|- | | . .|-|- |- ·-|- · - |×· . |(-)|-|- |- |-|- |- ſ. |- ·-|- |- |-|-|-|- · . · ·|× ·· |-|× |-|-|- · -· |-- |-|- |- |- . |- |- |- -|- |- |- · |- · |- ·-. |- |- ·|- |- |-|-|- ·|- ·· : - · |- ··|-|- |-·|- |- ·|-· |-|- |- |- |- · |- |- |-· |- · ·|-- |-· ·|- |- | .|- |- |- |- |- ·|- · |- |-|- ----· | .|- : · |-|- -- · _ |-├. |- ---- ·:·| |- ·|- |-·|- .- . |-· -.-|-|- |- |- |-- · ·-· )·---- · ·-·|-----· · |-|------ - |- --------|- . | _|- - . -- |-|- . .- -- | _ THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY - º \ , º, y " . * , an TookE's PANTHEON ... , - 2. * , , *... * * * * - , , , , r . of ºpe > * > 2 -> • * * * * * > > → * HEATHEN Gods 3 2 * AND I L II, U S T R I O U S HE R O E. S. REVISED FOR * A CLASSICAL COURSE OF EDUCATION, AND ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS OF EVERY AGE AND OF EITHER SEX. illustrateD WITH ENGRAVINGS FROM NEW AND ORIGINAL DESIGrºg. * º * - * -- B. A. L TIM OR E: PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM & JOSEPH NEAL. 1838, - DISTRICT OF MARYLAND, ss. - BE IT REMEMBERED, that on this fifth day of May, in the forty-first year of the Independence of the United States of America, Edward J. Coale and Nathaniel G. Maxwell, of the said district, have deposited in this office, the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors in the words -
European Paganism: the Realities of Cult from Antiquity to the Middle Ages/Ken Dowden
EUROPEAN PAGANISM EUROPEAN PAGANISM The realities of cult from antiquity to the Middle Ages Ken Dowden London and New York First published 2000 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. © 2000 Ken Dowden The right of Ken Dowden to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Dowden, Ken, 1950– European paganism: the realities of cult from antiquity to the Middle Ages/Ken Dowden. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. 1. Europe—Religion. 2. Paganism—Europe—History. I. Title. BL689.D68 1999 200'.94–dc21 99–28007 CIP ISBN 0-415-12034-9 (Print Edition) ISBN 0-203-01177-5 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-14205-5 (Glassbook Format) CONTENTS List of illustrations x Acknowledgements xii Foreword xiii How to use this book xvii Authors and events: -
Divinità Minori Ma Questioni Complesse: Morfologia E Teonimia Nei Sondergötter Di Roma
Università degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Studi Linguistici e Letterari Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Linguistica Classe LM-39 1 Tesi di Laurea Divinità minori ma questioni complesse: morfologia e teonimia nei Sondergötter di Roma Relatore: Prof. Davide Bertocci Laureanda: Giulia Eleonora Laudani n° matr.1155517/LMLIN Anno Accademico 2019 / 2020 INDICE INTRODUZIONE .......................................................................................................................... 1 1. NOMI DIVINI NEL PANORAMA LATINO .............................................................................. 7 1.1 Gli indigitamenta .............................................................................................................. 7 1.2. Assenza di mito e “teologia della parola” ..................................................................... 10 1.3. I Götternamen di Usener ............................................................................................... 12 1.4. Criticità delle teorie useneriane: arcaicità e rapporto tra divinità minori e maggiori .. 14 1.5. I teonimi all’interno del sistema linguistico .................................................................. 17 1.6. La facies morfologica dei teonimi latini ........................................................................ 19 2. GLI INDIGITAMENTA: UN’ANALISI MORFOLOGICA .......................................................... 21 2.1. Suffisso -a .....................................................................................................................