DOCSLIB.ORG

Religious Thought and Political Actmties (1871-1947)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Religious Thought and Political Actmties (1871-1947) KYAI HAJI HASWM ASY'ARI'S RELIGIOUS THOUGHT AND POLITICAL ACTMTIES (1871-1947) A t hesis submitted to the Institute of Islamic Studies Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, McGill University in partial Fulfihent of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University, Montreal Canada July 1997 Okhuluq National Library Bibliothèque nationale Ifm of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada Your lUe Votre reférenca Our fi& Notre reldrence The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electrmic formats. la forme de microfiche/fïlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otheMrise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Canada Author : Lathiful Khuiuq. Title of thesis : K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari's Religious Thought and Polit ical Activities (187 1- 1947). Depart ment : Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University. Degree : Master of Arts (M.A.). This thesis surveys the religious thought and political activit ies of K.H. maiHaji) Hasyim Asy'ari (1 87 1- 19471, founder of both the Pesantren Tebuireng and the Nahdlat ul Ulama. Given the extent of his legacy, it will study his life, educational background and pesantren milieu in order to gain an understanding of his career and the events that uispired him. A prolific writer, K.H. Hasyirn Asy'ari produced works on theology, sufism, politics and Islamic law. Many of these works will be discussed. His theology was standard Sunni, while his mystical practice and thinking may best be described as sGfi orthodox. He encouraged Muslims to follow the four Sunni schools (madhahib)in the belief that they contained the most valid teachings. ?nthe political sphere, he called upon Muslims to strengthen the ties of Muslim brotherhood. And although K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari spent most of his life teaching in the pesantren, he also played an important political role, especially as leader of a Muslim unity movement during the late Dutch colonial period, as represent at ive to Muslim organizat ions active under the Japanese occupation and finally as a supporter of Indonesian independence in the late 1940s. Significantly, K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari was regarded as the preeminent leader of the traditionalist Muslims from the 1920s to the 1WOs, but enjoyed the respect of the modemist faction at a time when relations between traditionalists and modemists were strained. In effect, he served as spiritual leader to many 'ulamZ', soldiers and politicians. Auteur : Lathifd Khuluq Titre du mémoire: La pensée religieuse et les activités politiques de K.H.Hasyim Asy'ari. Département : Institut des Études Islamiques, Université McGill Diplôme : Maîtrise ès Arts (M.A.). Ce mémoire élabore la pensée religieuse et les activités politiques de Kyai Haji (K.H.) Hasyim Asy'ari (187 1-1947). Il fut le fondateur du Pesantren Tebuireng et Nahdlatul Ularna. Étant donné l'importance de son héritage, seront pris en considération sa biographie, sa formation académique ainsi que le milieu du pesantren, de façon à obtenir une meilleure compréhension de sa carrière et des évènements qui l'ont inspiré. Auteur prolifique, K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari a rédigé des ouvrages portant sur la théologie, le soufisme, la politique et la loi islamique. La plupart de ces oeuvres seront analysées ici. Sa théologie était sunnite tandis que sa pensée et sa pratique mystique pourraient être considérées comme faisant partie du soufisme orthodoxe. Ii a encouragé les musulmans à suivre les quatres écoles sunnites (madbahib),croyant que celles-ci contenaient les enseignements les plus valides. Dans la sphère politique, il a appellé les musulmans à renforcer les liens de la fraternité islamique. Malgré que K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari a passé la majeure partie de sa carrière dans le pesantren en tant que religieux enseignant, son rôle politique fut aussi important, particulièrement à titre de leader d'un mouvement d'unité musulmane durant la fin de la période coloniale néerlandaise. en tant que représentant aux organisations musulmanes à l'époque de l'occupation japonaise et enfin, à titre de partisan de l'indépendance indonésienne à la fin des années quarante. K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari fut considéré comme le principal leader des musulmans traditionalistes depuis les années vingt jusqu'aux années quarante et il s'est mérité le respect de la faction moderniste à une époque où les relations entre les traditionalistes et les modernistes étaient tendues. En somme, il fut le chef spirituel de plusieurs 'dama', militaires et politiciens. The system of Arabic transliteration used in this thesis is that of the hstitute of Islarnic St udies, McGill University. Indonesian terms are written according to the EjaaD BaruBahâsa hdonesia (1972), but the titles of books and articles are rendered according to the original spellings. - short vowels: I = a, fat hah - = iykasrah 1 = LI,darnmah - long vowels: I = Z, aliDalif maqslirah =i,y% = ü, waw - the tg'marbütah (i) is translated as "ah" in pause form and "at" in conjunctional form; examples: bid'ah, Nwal- 'Cnami'. In the case of tash&d, the letter is doubled; example: al-tawh7diwah. Alif or harnzah is transliterated as an elevated comma in a11 positions except when it occurs at the beginning of a word; exarnples: isti&%, sawi'ah, ifiZ'. This thesis could never have been completed without the help and contribution of many people. First and foremost my special thanks go to Dr. Howard M. Federspiel who, as my thesis supervisor, gave me continuous guidance and useful criticism throughout the writing of this work 1would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. Donald P. Little who, as my academic adviser during the 1995-1996 academic year, guided and shaped my critical thinking. Moreover, I would like to thank Dr. A. Üner Turgay, director of the Instit ute of Islamic St udies, for helping me in a number of ways during my time in Montreal. Several institutions contributed towards rnaking my course of study at McGill possible. First, 1am gratefid to Mr. Munawir Sadzaii and Mr. Tarmizi Taher, the former and current ministers of religious affairs for the Republic of Indonesia, respectively and their officiais Mr. Mumi Djamal, Mr. Atho Mudzhar and Mr. Zamakhsyari Dhofier, who appointed me to the "Pre-Departure Training Program", or "Program Pembibit an Calon Dosen IAIN se-Indonesia" which prepares students to study abroad. Second, 1 would like to thank the Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, for accept ing me as candidate in the master's program during the 1995-1997 academic years. My thanks go also to CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency) which provided me with a scholarship to study at the hst itute of Islamic St udies, McGill University. Let me also express here my sincere appreciation of the McGiLI-IAIN Project staff, especially Dr. Issa J. Boullata, Dr. Howard M. Federspiel, Wendy Allen, Joanna Gacek, Lon Novak and Susy Ricciardelli, al1 of whom assisted me during my years of study in Montreal. Moreover, 1am grateN to both the Rector of IAIN Sunan Kalijaga and the Dean of its Faculty of Arabic Belles-Lettres, (Adab) for giving me al1 necessary assistance in securing rny nomination. 1 would also like to acknowledge the various libraries and individuals who have assisted me in collecting sources: Corne11 University Library in Ithaca, especially Ms. Rohayati Paseng Bernard; the Islarnic Studies Library at McGill, especially Ms. Salwa Ferahian and Mr. Wayne St. Thomas; and the staff of the McLeman Library at McGill University. 1 would like to thank Retno Sayekti and Sahiron Syamsuddin who assisted me in identimg and collecting some materials used in this thesis. Thanks are also due to my brother Badrus Sholeh for helping me to obtain many of the sources in Indonesia. Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to Ms. Sidney Jones, who lent me her dissertation and several materials on the Nahdlatul Ulama in her possession. Several other individuals have also assisted me in the preparat ion of the t hesis. My fnend Yudian Wahyudi has given me special support throughout. The editors, especially Steve Millier, Yasmine Badr, and Reem Meshal, have helped in making this thesis easier to read. My parents, Abah M. Suwanan and Ibu Zumaroh, and my brothers and sisters, Drs. Afifuddin MSc., Badm Sholeh S Ag., Nur Izzat i S Ag., Imam Muharror, Leni Iffah, M. Arief As1adi,Ahmad Fawaliq and ImNahdhiyah, provided me with the moral support 1 needed to finish this study. My special gratitude also goes to my teachers and fkiends who have contributed to broadening rny knowledge and understanding. To my roommate, Ruswan, it has been wonderful to stay with you for the last two years. For every one who has contributed to the completion of my thesis, whether acknowledged above by name or not, may God bless and give His
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Muslim Negarawan: Telaah Atas Pemikiran Dan Keteladanan Buya Hamka
    Andi Saputra MUSLIM NEGARAWAN: TELAAH ATAS PEMIKIRAN DAN KETELADANAN BUYA HAMKA Andi Saputra Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Pe- mikiran Islam UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Surel: [email protected] Abstract One of the primary values inherent in the personality of the nation (founding father) in addition to the breadth of insight is the strong pas- sion and love for the homeland nationality. Philosophy of life that stands on the foundation of nationalism and patriotism that is then color every movement, behavior as well as the epic struggle deeds they do, for the grounding the ideals of independence. Along with that, especially in the context of the independence of the nation, teaching in the form of ideas and ideals that appear to be important life values for the next generation. Besides an attempt to take the essence of the teaching given, also related to the effort to continue to foster national values and love of the homeland as the ethical foundation in terms of bringing the nation to the gates of progress. One in a series of well-known national leader is Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (Hamka); a statesman who thinks that nation- alism and patriotism as part of the faith (religion). Through a sociolog- ical theory of knowledge Mannheim has found that important teaching presented Hamka in relation to the life of the nation that is their re- sponsibility that must be realized that every citizen. Responsibilities shall include nationality, homeland, all of which according to Hamka in line with the main principles of Islam, namely amar ma’ruf nahi munkar.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formation of Liberal and Anti-Liberal Islamic Legal Thinking in Indonesia Akh
    Akh. Muzakki IS EDUCATION DETERMINANT? The Formation of Liberal and Anti-liberal Islamic Legal Thinking in Indonesia Akh. Muzakki The University of Queensland, Australia Abstract: Liberalism and anti-liberalism are two increasing- ly prominent but staunchly opposing streams of Islamic legal thinking in Indonesia. This article analyses the formation of each of the two through an examination of the role of formal education. It focuses on organic intellectuals during two periods, the New Order and the reformasi. Challenging the strongly-held thesis of the determinant role of education, this article argues that both liberal and anti-liberal Islamic legal thinking in Indonesia is a result of not only the intellectual formation in the sense of academic training and access to education and knowledge, but also the sociological background and exposure in building a new epistemic community in an urban context. As a theoretical understanding of sociolo- gical background and exposure, the concept of epistemic community deserves to be taken as an analytical framework in addition to education for the analysis of the formation of the two contesting bents of Islamic legal thinking in Indonesia. Keywords: Liberalism, anti-liberalism, Islamic legal think- ing, education, epistemic community. Introduction In his controversial speech entitled “The Necessity of Islamic Renewal Thinking and the Problem of the Integration of the Ummah” on 2 January 1970, Madjid argued for a dynamic approach to Islam which requires reinterpretation of Islamic teachings in context with place and time. In more elaborate ways, he further argued that Islamic values move in line with the spirit of humanitarianism which promotes 280 JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM Volume 01, Number 02, December 2007 Is Education Determinant? the dignity of Mankind.
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Distr.: General 18 August 2015
    United Nations A/70/194 General Assembly Distr.: General 18 August 2015 Original: English Seventieth session Request for the inclusion of a supplementary item in the agenda of the seventieth session Observer status for the International Conference of Asian Political Parties in the General Assembly Letter dated 11 August 2015 from the representatives of Australia, Cambodia, Japan, Nepal, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea and Sri Lanka to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General We, the undersigned, have the honour to request, in accordance with rule 14 of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly, the inclusion in the agenda of the seventieth session of the General Assembly a supplementary item entitled “Observer status for the International Conference of Asian Political Parties in the General Assembly”. The International Conference of Asian Political Parties (ICAPP) was launched in Manila, the Philippines, in September 2000 to build bridges of political cooperation and to establish networks of mutual benefit among mainstream political parties in Asia, both ruling and in opposition. Over its first decade, ICAPP has grown steadily in both membership and influence. As of June 2015, ICAPP ’s membership has reached more than 360 eligible political parties in 52 States and 1 territory in Asia. After establishing fraternal linkages and cooperation with the Permanent Conference of Political Parties in Latin America and the Caribbean (COPPPAL) in 2008, ICAPP has also been undertaking efforts to reach out to the political parties in other continents, and successfully helped political parties in Africa establish the Council of African Political Parties (CAPP) in 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • BAB IV PERAN KH. ABDUL WAHAB HASBULLAH A. Sebelum Terbentuknya NU Selama Kyai Abdul Wahab Hasbullah Menempuh Pendidikan Di Makka
    BAB IV PERAN KH. ABDUL WAHAB HASBULLAH A. Sebelum Terbentuknya NU Selama Kyai Abdul Wahab Hasbullah menempuh pendidikan di Makkah selama 5 tahun dan sebelum kembali ke tanah air, pada tahun 1914 ia mendirikan Serikat Islam (SI) yang dibantu oleh Kiai Asnawi dari Kudus yang nantinya diangkat sebagai ketua, ia sendiri sekretarisnya, Kiai Abbas dari Cirebon dan Kiai Dahlan dari Kertosono. Peran mereka dalam SI yaitu untuk menghadapi serangan kaum pembaharu atau Modernis terhadap para kiai tradisional di pesantren-pesantren. Ketika Kyai Abdul Wahab Hasbullah kembali ke tanah air ia mulai melakukan pembaharuan pada pondok TambakBeras yang sudah didirikan oleh bapaknya, Kyai Hasbullah yaitu dengan mengganti sistem pendidikan halaqoh1 menjadi cara klasikal2 agar lebih teratur dalam pembelajarannya. Dan dengan cara baru yang diterapkannya, pondok tersebut maka berkembang sangat pesat. Seiring dengan metode baru yang diterapkan di Pesantren TambakBeras didirikan pula Madrasah MubdilFan (memperlihatkan sebuah disiplin keilmuan) pada tahun 1915 olehnya. Bahkan pada tahun 1916 ia juga mendirikan sekolah Nahdlatul Wathan yang artinya Kebangkitan Tanah Air bersama Kiai Mas Mansur dan KH. Ridwan Abdullah. Setelah beberapa bulan berdiri, Nahdlatul Wathan memiliki kantor yang terletak di Kampung Kawatan Gg. VI/22 Surabaya. Atas izin pemiliknya Haji Abdul Qohar3kantor itu disahkan dan memiliki Badan Hukum dengan susunan pengurus sebagai berikut Haji Abdul Qohar sebagai Direktur, Kyai Abdul Wahab Hasbullah sebagai Ketua Dewan Guru (Keulamaan), dan Kiai Mas Mansur sebagai Kepala Sekolah yang dibantu oleh Kyai Mas Alwi dan Kyai Ridwan Abdullah dan sejumlah staf pengajar diantaranya Kiai Bisri Syansuri, Abdul Halim Leuwimunding, dan Abdullah Ubaid sebagai Ketua Jam’iyah Nashihin. 4 1 Halaqoh adalah belajar dengan cara membentuk lingkaran dan mempelajari ajaran Islam.
    [Show full text]
  • Orang Yang Telah Berhaji Harus Jadi Katalisator, Begini Penjalasan Wamenag
    Orang yang Telah Berhaji Harus jadi Katalisator, Begini Penjalasan Wamenag Realitarakyat.com – Wakil Menteri Agama Zainut Tauhid Sa’adi menyatakan bahwa masyarakat yang telah menunaikan haji harus menjadi katalisator atau orang yang membuat perubahan, dan menjadi bagian penting dalam pembangunan masyarakat serta bangsa. “Alumni haji harus terus dijaga kemabruran, semangat, dan perannya dan menjadi ‘haji sepanjang hayat’,” ujar Zainut saat membuka Muktamar Ikatan Persaudaraan Haji Indonesia dalam webiner, Sabtu (21/8). Haji sepanjang hayat itu, yakni selalu berperan positif dan menjadi teladan dalam semua aspek kemasyarakatan, pemerintahan, politik, pendidikan, kesehatan, hingga keamanan. Dia mengutip hasil penelitian UIN Sunan Kalijaga pada 2012 yang menyimpulkan bahwa jamaah haji memiliki pengaruh besar dalam bidang ekonomi, politik, dan pendidikan prakemerdekaan. Beberapa alumni haji itu kemudian menjadi pahlawan, penggerak perjuangan kemerdekaan, di antaranya adalah KH. Hasyim Asy’ari, KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Tuanku Imam Bonjol, A. Hasan, H. Agus Salim, KH. Abdul Wahab Hasbullah, HOS. Tjokroaminoto, dan sejumlah nama lainnya. Pada masa pandemi Covid-19, kata dia, peran haji sangat dibutuhkan, utamanya dalam kampanye menerapkan protokol kesehatan, seperti memakai masker, menjaga jarak, mencuci tangan, mengurangi mobilitas dan menghindari kerumunan, termasuk mendorong program vaksinasi. “Saya mengajak IPHI untuk ikut serta sesuai kapasitas dan kewenangannya untuk memberikan kesadaran hidup sehat dan disiplin di lingkungan masyarakat. Jangan lelah untuk mengingatkan gerakan 5M, berdoa dan vaksinasi,” kata dia. Wamenag juga berharap Muktamar VII IPHI ini dapat memberikan sumbangsih nyata dalam pembangunan kemasyarakatan, kesadaran moderasi beragama, serta dapat memberikan masukan bagi penyelenggaraan haji yang lebih baik. “Jadikan organisasi IPHI sebagai tempat mengabdi kepada masyarakat,” kata dia..
    [Show full text]
  • Feminist Exegesis in Hamka's Tafsir Al-Azhar
    Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu al-Qur’an dan Hadis – ISSN: 1411-6855 (p); 2548-4737 (e) Vol. 22, No. 2 (Juli 2021), hlm. 403-426, doi: 10.14421/qh.2021.2202-07 https://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/ushuluddin/qurdis/index Article History: Submitted: 30-04-2021 Revised: 02-07-2021 Accepted: 05-07-2021 Feminist Exegesis in Hamka’s Tafsir Al-Azhar Penafsiran Feminis dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar Karya Hamka Zulfikri Zulkarnaini * (a) * Corrsponding Author, email, [email protected] (a) Uludag University Bursa-Turkey Abstract This research aims to understand the typology of contemporary interpretation in Indonesia, especially concerning the issue of women based on the interpretation narrative in Hamka's Tafsir Al-Azhar. This interpretation arose in modern thought and was born from Indonesian society that the Dutch were colonizing. Therefore, this interpretation represents an idea with a modern background and colonial issues. One of the interesting issues in Al-Azhar's notion is the interpretation of verses related to women. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting interpretations related to women in Tafsir Al-Azhar. This research used Hans-George Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutic method. The study results prove that the context of the colonial era made Hamka choose to reinterpret the verses of the Qur'an related to women's creation. The purpose of the interpretation is to harmonize between religious values and social conditions. According to Hamka, he interpreted the female verse that said women created from Adam’s ribs. Also, he explained controversially that the interpretation of women's creation from Adam’s ribs is merely a metaphor.
    [Show full text]
  • IIAS Logo [Converted]
    Women from Traditional Islamic Educational Institutions in Indonesia Educational Institutions Indonesia in Educational Negotiating Public Spaces Women from Traditional Islamic from Traditional Islamic Women Eka Srimulyani › Eka SrimulyaniEka amsterdam university press Women from Traditional Islamic Educational Institutions in Indonesia Publications Series General Editor Paul van der Velde Publications Officer Martina van den Haak Editorial Board Prasenjit Duara (Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore) / Carol Gluck (Columbia University) / Christophe Jaffrelot (Centre d’Études et de Recherches Internationales-Sciences-po) / Victor T. King (University of Leeds) / Yuri Sadoi (Meijo University) / A.B. Shamsul (Institute of Occidental Studies / Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) / Henk Schulte Nordholt (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies) / Wim Boot (Leiden University) The IIAS Publications Series consists of Monographs and Edited Volumes. The Series publishes results of research projects conducted at the International Institute for Asian Studies. Furthermore, the aim of the Series is to promote interdisciplinary studies on Asia and comparative research on Asia and Europe. The International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS) is a postdoctoral research centre based in Leiden and Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Its objective is to encourage the interdisciplinary and comparative study of Asia and to promote national and international cooperation. The institute focuses on the humanities and social
    [Show full text]
  • Peran Mubalig Pedagang Dalam Islamisasi Di Indonesia
    Peran Mubalig Pedagang dalam Islamisasi di Indonesia Siti Fauziyah (Dosen Fak. Tarbiyah dan Adab LAIN SMH Banten) Abstrak : Secara besar garis poses penyebaran Islam dapat melalui berbagai saluran seperti perdagangan, perkawinan, birokrasi pemerintahan, pendidikan (pesantren), tasawuf, kesenian, politk, dan lain-lain. Semuanya saling berkaitan lain satu sama Jang mempengarubi prose Konversi dan Islamisasi masyarakat Indonesia dari semenjak Islam hanya sebagai dianut oleh agama yang sekelompok kecil orang sampat menjadi kekuasaan politik. daerab-daerah Hubungan di Indonesia memiliki hubungan sejarah dilacak yang panjang, yang dapat sampai ke masayang sangat tua (antiquity). Kontak paling awal antara kedua wilayah ini, Rhususnya berkaitan dengan perdagangan, bermula bahkan sejak masa Punisia dan Saba. Oleh karena itu Perdagangan diangeap menjadi saluran memiliki dalam yang peran penting proses Islamisasi yang dibawa oleh para pedagang Arab yang datang ke Indonesia. Peran mubalig pedagang menjadi penting bukan hanya pada awal penyebaran Islam, tetapijuga ketika lenjadinya peningkatan arus ekonomi kegiatan yang yang ditandai dengan tumbuhnya kota emporium (pusat dagang) dan entrepot (tempat menimbun barang di bawah penguasaan duane) yang dikuti kelabiran kerajaan Islam di bawah kesultanan di sepanjang pantai Kepulanan. Para mubahg pedagang selain berjasa dalam menyebarkan Islam, mereka agama juga berperan besar dalam penyebaran Islam kebudayaan ke berbagai wilayah di Indonesia sehingga muncul Saya hidup yang cosmopolitan, dinamis dan egaliter. Kata kunci: mubalig pedagang, Islamisasi, Indonesia PERAN MUBALIG PEDAGANG 65 SIT FAUZIYAH Pendahuluan Pada taraf permulaan, di antara saluran Islamisasi yang pernah berkembang di Indonesia adalah perdagangan. Hal itu sejalan dengan kesibukan lalu lintas perdagangan abad ke-7 hingga abad ke-16. Pada saat itu pedagang- pedagang Muslim (Arab, Persia, India) turut serta ambil bagian dalam perdagangan dengan pedagang-pedagang dari negeri- negeri bagian barat, tenggara, dan timur benua Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran and Yemen; Study the Reflection of the Islamic Revolution of Iran on Yemen and Its Results
    Iran and Yemen; Study the Reflection of the Islamic Revolution of Iran on Yemen and Its Results Amir Reza Emami¹, Fatemeh Zare² ¹,2 Graduate of Political Science (International Relations), Department of Law and Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Yazd, Yazd University, Iran. Abstract The Islamic Revolution of Iran took place in 1789 and was the first successful revolution inspired by Islam. Undoubtedly, this revolution had repercussions on the peripheral and semi-peripheral countries of Iran, and among the semi-peripheral countries of Iran, which was affected by the Iranian revolution, was Yemen. In the following years, with the beginning of the Arab Spring (Islamic Awakening), this country underwent changes and protest movements were formed in it, the content of which was very close to the foundations of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1789. These protests and anti-government movements in Yemen at the time led to the revolution and ultimately to the victory of the Yemeni Houthis and the Ansarullah movement. But what could be the consequences of this event in Yemen? Do these results include the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran? In fact, the main question of this research is what are the results of the reflection of the Islamic Revolution of Iran on Yemen. Therefore, this study seeks to first examine the reflection of the Islamic Revolution in Yemen and then explain its results. The method of the present research is qualitative and based on descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting data and information is based on documentary studies, libraries and reputable research and extension science journals and various statistics.
    [Show full text]
  • BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Nahdlatul Ulama Adalah Organisasi Masyarakat (Ormas) Islam Terbesar Yang Lahir Pada Tahun 19
    BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Nahdlatul Ulama adalah organisasi masyarakat (Ormas) Islam terbesar yang lahir pada tahun 1926 di Surabaya. Nahdaltul Ulama lahir karena perjuangan Wali Songoyang berperan sebagai penyebar agama Islam di Pulau Jawa. Wali Songo tersebut diantaranya Sunan Gresik, Sunan Ampel, Sunan Giri, Sunan Bonang, Sunan Drajat, Sunan Kalijaga, Sunan Kudus, Sunan Muria, dan Sunan Gunung Jati.1 Dalam memberikan pengajaran Islamnya para Wali mempertahankan faham Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah.2 Dalam praktik beragamanya, para Wali Songo itu bersikap toleransi terhadap adat atau budaya lokal yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat setempat. Adapun cara-cara yang dilakukan oleh mereka adalah denganberusaha menghilangkan unsur-unsur yang menurut mereka bertentangan dengan syariat Islam, dan menggantinya dengan unsur-unsur Islam secara bertahap sehingga terbentuk kebudayaan baru yang lebih Islami. Perkembangan Islam selanjutnya terjadi dalam kurun waktu yang cukup lama dengan adanya dua kelompok Islam yang berbeda yaitu Islam Tradisionalis dan Islam Modernis. Islam Tradisionalis adalah kelompok yang pada dasarnya mempertahankan dan memelihara ajaran yang dianut sejak dahulu yaitu mengikuti empat madzhab yakni Madzhab Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi’I dan Hambali. Para tokoh Islam Tradisionalis yaitu para kiai-kiai besar NU seperti Ahmad Dahlan 1 Amirul Ulum, Muassis Nahdlatul Ulama; Manaqib 26 Tokoh Pendiri NU. (Yogyakarta: Aswaja Pressindo, 2015), hlm. 1. 2 Ahlusunnah Wal Jama’ah adalah satu-satunya golongan umat Islam yang akan selamat di Akhirat. Pengajaran Ahlusunnah Wal Jama’ah yaitu Madzhab Syafi’i dalam kajian fiqhnya, serta Abu Hasan al- Asy’ari dalam kajian teologinya. Lihat Greg Fealy,“Ijtihad Politik Ulama:Sejarah NU 1952-1967”, hlm. 36. Ahyad dari Kebondalem, Surabaya3, KH.
    [Show full text]
  • Plagiat Merupakan Tindakan Tidak Terpuji Plagiat
    PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PERBEDAAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR ATAS PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW I SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Oleh: Ardina Yullynta Sari NIM: 101134074 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR JURUSAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2014 PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PERBEDAAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR ATAS PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW I SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Oleh: Ardina Yullynta Sari NIM: 101134074 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR JURUSAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2014 i PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI ii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI iii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PERSEMBAHAN Skripsi ini kupersembahkan kepada: Allah S.W.T. yang selalu memberikan rahmat dan karunia kepadaku. Almamater Universitas Sanata Dharma. Orang tuaku yang selalu memberikan yang terbaik untukku tanpa pamrih sedikitpun. Saudara-saudaraku, kakakku dan adikku
    [Show full text]
  • The Prospects of Political Islam in a Troubled Region Islamists and Post-Arab Spring Challenges
    The Prospects of Political Islam in a Troubled Region Islamists and Post-Arab Spring Challenges Editor Dr. Mohammed Abu Rumman The Prospects of Political Islam in a Troubled Region Islamists and Post-Arab Spring Challenges Editor Dr. Mohammed Abu Rumman 1 The Hashemite Kingdom Of Jordan The Deposit Number at The National Library (2018/2/529) 277 AbuRumman, Mohammad Suliman The Prospects Of Political Islam In A Troubled Region / Moham- mad Suliman Abu Rumman; Translated by William Joseph Ward. – Am- man: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2018 (178) p. Deposit No.: 2018/2/529 Descriptors: /Politics//Islam/ يتحمل المؤلف كامل المسؤولية القانونية عن محتوى مصنفه وﻻ ّيعبر هذا المصنف عن رأي دائرة المكتبة الوطنية أو أي جهة حكومية أخرى. Published in 2018 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Jordan & Iraq FES Jordan & Iraq P.O. Box 941876 Amman 11194 Jordan Email: [email protected] Website:www.fes-jordan.org Not for sale © FES Jordan & Iraq All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publishers. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are solely those of the original author. They do not necessarily represent those of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung or the editor. Translation: William Joseph Ward Cover and Lay-out: Mua’th Al Saied Printing: Economic Press ISBN: 978-9957-484-80-4 2 The Prospects of Political Islam in a Troubled Region Islamists and Post-Arab Spring Challenges Contributed Authors Dr. Mohammed Abu Rumman Dr. Khalil Anani Dr. Neven Bondokji Hassan Abu Hanieh Dr.
    [Show full text]