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A Situational Analysis for Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe

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A Situational Analysis for Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe RESEARCH REPORT Building citywide sanitation strategies from the bottom up A situational analysis for Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Homeless People's Federation Dialogue on Shelter for the Homeless in Zimbabwe Trust Municipality of Chinhoyi 1 R O J E C T Copyright: © 2014 Zimbabwe Homeless People’s Federation, Dialogue on Shelter for the Homeless in Zimbabwe Trust and Municipality of Chinhoyi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Contents Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 5 Executive summary ................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction and background .................................................................................................. 8 Project partners ................................................................................................................... 8 The alliance ..................................................................................................................... 8 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 12 Literature review ............................................................................................................ 12 Stakeholder consultation ............................................................................................... 13 Profiling .......................................................................................................................... 13 Profile and enumeration mapping .................................................................................. 14 Enumeration .................................................................................................................. 15 Health and hygiene promotion ...................................................................................... 15 Accountability and governance ......................................................................................... 17 National context .................................................................................................................... 18 Chinhoyi in context ................................................................................................................ 23 Water and sanitation network in Chinhoyi ................................................................... 27 Sanitation .......................................................................................................................... 28 Sanitation practice ......................................................................................................... 29 Communal toilets ........................................................................................................... 30 Sanitation and tenure ..................................................................................................... 35 Alternative sanitation ..................................................................................................... 36 Cost for the municipality ................................................................................................ 37 Water ................................................................................................................................. 38 Source of raw water ....................................................................................................... 39 Water pumping .............................................................................................................. 39 Water distribution network ............................................................................................. 40 Revenue collection ........................................................................................................ 41 Profile findings ............................................................................................................... 41 Solid waste ........................................................................................................................ 45 Water and illegal dump sites in profiled settlements ......................................................... 47 Profiles and enumerations ..................................................................................................... 50 Shackleton enumeration .................................................................................................... 50 Water and sanitation ................................................................................................... 51 Moving forward and conclusion ............................................................................................. 56 Water ................................................................................................................................. 56 3 Sanitation .......................................................................................................................... 57 Solid waste management .................................................................................................. 60 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 61 References and bibliography ................................................................................................ 62 Annex 1 ................................................................................................................................. 63 Annex 2 ................................................................................................................................. 66 4 Acronyms AFDB African Development Bank AMCOW African Ministers’ Council on Water CSO Country Status Overview BCHOD Brian Colquhoun Hugh O’ Donnel & Partners CUT Chinhoyi University of Technology DDF District Development Fund DOS Dialogue on Shelter for the Homeless in Zimbabwe Trust EU European Union GNU Government of National Unity GIZ German Technical Assistance IWSSP Integrated Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme MOC Municipality of Chinhoyi MoHCW Ministry of Health and Child Welfare MoLGRUD Ministry of Local Government Rural and Urban Development MWRDM Ministry of Water Resources Development and Management NAC National Action Committee NCU National Coordination Unit NGO Non-governmental Organisation NMWP National Master Plan for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation PSIP Public Sector Investment Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene WB World Bank WHO World Health Organisation WPMC Water Point Management Committee WSS Water Supply and Sanitation ZETDC Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission Distribution Commission ZHPF Zimbabwe Homeless People’s Federation ZINWA Zimbabwe National Water Authority ZMDC Zimbabwe Mining Development Corporation 5 Executive summary The Chinhoyi water and sanitation action research project is part of a bigger project entitled ‘Building citywide sanitation strategies from the bottom up – an action research project across four cities in four countries’. Four different countries were selected for the research: Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. This research is also driven by an ambitious goal of understanding obstacles to sanitation development and attempts to offer approaches that will overcome the identified challenges at the citywide scale. The project has been inspired by the challenges related to conventional approaches to urban sanitation and intends to develop and test an approach to pro-poor citywide sanitation strategies that can be adopted and managed at community level. In Zimbabwe, the project is being undertaken in Chinhoyi, the provincial capital of Mashonaland West province. It is being driven by three partners, namely Dialogue on Shelter Trust, the Zimbabwe Homeless People’s Federation (ZHPF) /Chinhoyi community and the municipality of Chinhoyi. During the first year, partners undertook stakeholder identification, bringing together organisations dealing with water and sanitation issues in Chinhoyi, and community-led profiling and mapping of the water and sanitation infrastructure in selected settlements in and around the city. The project attempted to understand the dynamics affecting the provision of safe water and sanitation services in a sustainable manner. These include: Affordability issues – found to be affecting both residents/community and the local authority. Communities are unable to afford services whilst some are just expressing their displeasure over poor service delivery by the council. On the council side, there are capacity issues and financial gaps to maintain the mechanised conventional infrastructure. Technology – the installed infrastructure and the required maintenance is way beyond the resource capacity of local authorities. Failure to maintain and expand the existing reticulated sanitation network to match population increases results in the sanitation situation degenerating into collapse. The waterborne sanitation systems are affected by continuous shortages of water. The ponds and treatment plants are also in a collapsed state and demand massive capital repairs. Capacity – besides the financial issues, the capacity of local authorities across the
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