2018 International Mock Board Exam Coalition

West Coast City of Hope/Beckman Research Institute 3/10/18 (Southern CA) Duarte, CA West Coast UC Davis 3/24/18 (Northern CA) Davis, CA Midwest (MN) Mayo Clinic and University of Minnesota 4/7/18 Rochester, MN Midwest (MI) University of Michigan 4/13/18 Ann Arbor, MI Pacific Northwest Oregon National Primate Center 4/14/18 Beaverton, OR Northeast (NY) Tri-Institutional Training Program 4/20/18 New York, NY Mid-Atlantic (MD) Fort Detrick 5/8/18 Fort Detrick, MD Southeast (NC) NCSU Veterinary School 5/20/18 Raleigh, NC Midwest (CO) Colorado State University 5/25/18 Fort Collins, CO Southeast (GA) Yerkes National Primate Research Center 6/8/18 Atlanta, GA Asia Singapore 6/23/18

Europe Stockholm, Sweden 6/29/18 Mock ECLAM Exam

Practical Section – Questions Referenced Answers – 53 Pages

This examination is meant to be used as a study tool when preparing for the ACLAM or ECLAM Certifying Examinations. The material presented in this mock examination follows the ACLAM role delineation document, but is not necessarily reflective of the ACLAM or ECLAM Certifying Examinations.

2018 Exam Contributors

Asia Bryan Emmett Ogden DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator Ralph M. Bunte DVM, DACVP Michelle Loh, DVM Jassia Pang DVM, DACLAM Christie Chrisma Domingo Panaligan DVM Yasmina Paramastri DVM, DACLAM Heng Yee Choy Sharon, DVM

Europe Michael Wilkinson, DVM, CertLAS, PhD, DipECLAM - Coordinator Janet Rodgers, DVM, DACLAM, DipECLAM - Coordinator Thea Fleischmann Dr Vet Med, Dipl ECLAM Sergio Berdun Marin DVM, PhD, DiplECLAM Sandra Barbosa Perez DVM, MSc, DiplECLAM

Mid-Atlantic (Maryland) LTC Sarah Bro, DVM, MPH, DACLAM – Coordinator Patty Chen, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator

Midwest (Colorado) Erin McWhorter, DVM, MS - Coordinator Jessica Ayers, DVM, DACLAM Lon Kendall, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Katie Knapek, DVM, MS Whitney McGee, DVM, PhD James Owiny, DVM, DACLAM Alexa Personett, DVM Brian Smith, DVM

Midwest (Michigan) Portia Allen, DVM, MS, DACLAM - Coordinator Patrick Lester DVM, MS, DACLAM - Coordinator Daniel D. Myers, Jr., DVM, MPH, DACLAM - Coordinator Michael P. Bradley, DVM Kelsey Cornelius, DVM Carolyn Doerning, DVM Samantha Eckley, DVM Marian Esvelt, DVM Zachary T Freeman, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Lucy Kennedy, DVM, DACLAM Jennifer Lofgren, DVM, MS, DACLAM Tara Martin, DVM Jibing Yang, DVM, PhD

Midwest (Minnesota) Jodi Scholz, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator Sarah Hashway, DVM - Coordinator

Northeast (New York) Christopher Cheleuitte, DVM, PhD - Coordinator Leslie Diaz, MPH, DVM, DACLAM Catalina Echeverri, DVM

2018 Exam Contributors

Northeast (New York) Odessa Giardino, MS, CVT, RLATG Mariya Gugel, DVM Mandy Kain, MS, DVM Sean Kelly, DVM Kvin Lertpiriyapong, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Christine Lieggi, DVM, DACLAM Kathleen Ma, DVM Heather Martin, DVM, DACLAM Sebastien Monette, DMV, MVSc, PhD, DACVP Lee-Ronn Paluch, BVSc, DACLAM Rodolfo Ricart, MLAS, DVM, DACLAM

Pacific Northwest Thea Brabb, DVM, PhD, DACLAM - Coordinator Nick Reyes, DVM, DACLAM - Coordinator Jennifer Sargent, DVM, MS, DACLAM – Coordinator Jeff Stanton, DVM, MA, DACLAM – Coordinator Alan Avalos, DVM Isaac Barber-Axthelm, DVM Melissa Berg, DVM Jourdan Brune, DVM Cassandra Cullin, DVM John DenHerder, DVM Jessica Felgenhauer, DVM Terri Iwata, DVM, DACLAM Jenna Klug, DVM Becky Lovasz, DVM Stacey Meeker, DVM, DACLAM Lauren Neidig, DVM Jasmine Streeter, DVM

Southeast (Georgia) Sherrie Jean, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator Jennifer S. Wood, DVM DACLAM

Southeast (North Carolina) Victoria K. Baxter, DVM, PhD, DACLAM – Coordinator Steven Shipley, DVM, DACLAM - Coordinator Cecile Baccanale, DVM Dwight Bellinger, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Calvin Carpenter, DVM DACLAM Sheba Churchill, DVM, DACLAM Jenny Estes, DVM, MS Jeffrey Everitt, DVM, DACLAM, DACVP, FIATP Craig Fletcher, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Ilana Galex, DVM, MLAS Jareca Giles, DVM Virginia Godfrey, DVM, PhD, DACVP Anna Hampton, DVM, DACLAM, DACAW, CPIA Tracy Heenan, DVM, CPIA Angela King-Herbert, DVM, DACLAM 3

2018 Exam Contributors

Southeast (North Carolina) David M. Kurtz, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Kathy Laber, DVM, MS, DACLAM Chelsea D. Landon, DVM, PhD Charles Tyler Long, DVM, DACLAM, DABT, CPIA Gwendolyn McCormick, DVM, MS, DACLAM Marnie Metzler, DVM, PhD Stephanie Montgomery, DVM, PhD, DACVP Judith Nielsen, DVM, DACLAM Derek Norford, DVM, MS, PhD Karen Oppelt, DVM Dorcas O’Rourke, DVM, MS, DACLAM Nicolette Petervary, VMD, DACAW Randall Reynolds, DVM, MS, DACLAM Allison R. Rogala, DVM, DACLAM Jem Scott-Emuakpor, DVM, MBA, DACLAM Felicitas Smith, DVM, DACLAM Brittany Southern, DVM Donna Webb-Wright, DVM Julia W. Whitaker, DVM, MS, DACLAM Lauren Wimsey, DVM

West Coast (Northern California) Laurie Brignolo, DVM, DACLAM - Coordinator Stephen Felt, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator Erin Katz, DVM – Coordinator Sam Baker, MA, VetMB, DACLAM Rachel Brownlee, DVM Kathy Heng, DVM Monika Huss, DVM, MS Marie-Josee Lemoy, DVM, DACLAM Betty Ma DVM, DACLAM Alexis Mackiewicz, DVM Andrea Moffitt, DVM Claude Nagamine, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Rhonda Oates DVM, MPVM, DACLAM Gregory Simonek, DVM Jacob Theil, DVM, MPVM José G. Vilches-Moure, DVM, PhD, DACVP Amber Rae Williams, DVM Kacie Woodward, DVM Brian Zude, DVM

West Coast (Southern California) Trinka Adamson, MS, DVM, DACLAM - Coordinator Ari Aycock-Williams, DVM, DACLAM Charles Cates, DVM, DACLAM Yvonne Cornejo, DVM James Finlay, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Leo Holguin, DVM Melanie Sailor, MLAS, DVM Rose Tu, DVM 4

Question 1: This handling technique is appropriate for which of the following procedures.

a. Catheter placement b. Venipuncture c. Physical Exam d. Anesthesia induction e. Cystocentesis

Answer: c. Physical Exam Reference: 1) Quesenberry, Katherine E., and James W. Carpenter. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents Clinical Medicine and Surgery. Elsevier/Saunders, 2012. pp. 14. 2) Ball, R. S. “Issues to Consider for Preparing Ferrets as Research Subjects in the Laboratory.”ILAR Journal, vol. 47, no. 4, Jan. 2006, pp. 348–357. doi:10.1093/ilar.47.4.348. Domain 1- Secondary Species; Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Question 2: According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, what is the minimum floor space recommended when trio breeding mice (assume all adults are >25g and females are not removed once pregnant or after parturition)?

a. 51 in.2 b. 75 in.2 c. 102 in.2 d. 117 in.2 e. 125 in.2

Answer: d. 117 in.2 (51 in.2 for each female + litter, plus 15 in.2 for the male) References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th edition. The National Academies Press: Washington, DC. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 57. Domain 4 – Primary Species; Mouse (Mus Musculus)

Question 3: Which of the following correctly describes the rack configuration in images (A) and (B) and their attributes?

a. (A)-library style configuration is more efficient (B)- internal room corridor style is easier to service b. (A)- internal room corridor style is more efficient (B)-library style configuration is easier to service c. (A)- library style configuration is easier to service (B)- internal room corridor style is more efficient d. (A)- internal room corridor style is the worst ergonomical arrangement (B)- library style configuration is the best ergonomical arrangement

Answer: a (A)-library style configuration is more efficient (B)- internal room corridor style is easier to service References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Animal Facilities, p. 1549. 2) Hessler J, Lehner N. 2009. Planning and Designing Research Animal Facilities. 1st edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20- Rodent Facilities and Caging Systems. Domain 4; Primary Species—Mice (Mus musculus)

Question 4: What strain of mouse is predisposed to this lesion?

a. C57BL/6 b. C3H c. A/J d. 129 e. DBA2

Answer: d. 129 References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 50. 2) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th edition. Wiley-Blackwell: Ames, IA. Chapter 1 – Mouse, pp. 115-116. Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 5: Which is an Aspiculuris tetraptera egg?

a. A b. B c. C d. D

Answer: b. B References: 1) Hedrich Hans, ed., 2004. The Laboratory Mouse. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3.4 – Parasitic Infections of Laboratory Mice, p. 508-509. 2) http://dora.missouri.edu/mouse/pinworms/ 3) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 124-125. Domain 1; Primary species (Mus musculus)

Question 6: Letter D in this illustration represents what type of equipment?

a. A canopy unit for ducting a Class I biosafety cabinet

b. A canopy unit for ducting a Class II, type A biosafety cabinet c. A canopy unit for ducting a Class II, type B1 biosafety cabinet d. A canopy unit for ducting a Class III biosafety cabinet

Answer: b. A canopy unit for ducting a Class II, type A biosafety cabinet References: 1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 5th edition. US Government Printing Office: Washington, DC. Appendix A: Biological Safety Cabinets, p. 316. Domain 5

Question 7: What does this test assess?

a. Anxiety b. Learning c. Motor coordination and balance d. Exploration

Answer: c. Motor coordination and balance References: 1) Crawley JN. 2003. Overview: behavioral phenotyping of rodents. Comp Med. 53(2): 140- 146. 2) Fox JG, Davisson MT, Quimby FW, Barthold SW, Newcomer CE and Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research Volume III: Normative Biology, Husbandry and Models. 2nd edition. Chapter 15 – Behavioral Testing, p. 528. Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 8: A 4.5-year-old spayed ferret has a 2-year history of vulvar swelling and alopecia. She was treated four times during this period with 100 IU hCG without noticeable response. What is the primary differential for her clinical signs?

a. Pituitary adenoma b. Adrenocortical adenoma c. Ovarian remnant d. Pancreatic islet tumor e. Pheochromocytoma

Answer: b. Adrenocortical adenoma References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 14 – Biology and Diseases of Ferrets, pp. 608-610. 2) Fox JG, Marini RP, eds. 2014. Biology and Diseases of the Ferret, 3rd edition. Wiley- Blackwell: Ames, IA. Chapter 24 – Neoplastic Diseases, pp. 591-594. Domain 1; Secondary Species – Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Question 9: This pathology is associated with which of the following environmental conditions?

a. Temperature greater than 70°F and relative humidity greater than 70% b. Temperature less than 70°F and relative humidity less than 70% c. Temperature greater than 80°F and relative humidity less than 40% d. Temperature less than 60°F and relative humidity greater than 50%

Answer: c. Temperature greater than 80°F and relative humidity less than 40% References: 1) Percy DH, Barthold SW. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd edition. Blackwell Publishing, Ltd: Ames, IA. Chapter 1 – Mice, p. 100. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 131. Domain 4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 10: What is the genus and species of this marsupial?

a. Monodelphis domestica b. Monodelphis viginiana c. Didelphis virginiana d. Mastomys poucha e. Cynomys ludovicianus

Answer: a. Monodelphis domestica References: 1) Barnett GJ, et al. 2017. Comparison of 6 injectable anesthetic regimens and isoflurane in gray-short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica). JAALAS 56(5):cover and 544-549. 2) Robinson ES and VandeBerg JL. 1994. Blood collection and surgical procedures for the laboratory opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Lab Anim Sci 44:63-68. 3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_short-tailed_opossum Domain 3 – Tertiary species (Other mammals)

Question 11: Which of the following situations would MOST LIKELY cause the condition depicted here and the pathologic sequela that commonly develops from it?

a. Feed a coarsely ground diet (>700um in size) to the animal b. Daily administration of enteric-coated aspirin for anticoagulation c. Feed a diet high in unsaturated fatty acids to the animal d. Administration of carprofen for three days

Answer: c. Feed a diet high in unsaturated fatty acids to the animal References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Biology and Diseases of Swine, pp. 753-754.

2) Swindle MM, Smith AC, eds. 2015 Swine in the Laboratory: Surgery, Anesthesia, Imaging, and Experimental Techniques, 3rd edition. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 1 – Biology, Handling, Husbandry, and Anatomy, p. 13. Chapter 2 – Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Perioperative Care, pp. 75-76. Domain 1; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa)

Question 12: Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the condition depicted?

a. The process begins with germinal cells that undergo a resting phase prior to dividing in sync b. The renewal phase takes 1-2 weeks and is characterized by generation of a second epithelial layer beneath the original epithelial layer c. The frequency is decreased by increased temperature and injury d. Dysecdysis is associated with improper environmental relative humidity

Answer: c. The frequency is decreased by increased temperature and injury References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 19 – Biology and Diseases of Reptiles, p. 974. 2) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 45. Domain 1- Tertiary Species; Reptiles

Question 13: Which of the following describes the bacterial pathogen most likely to cause this clinical condition?

a. Gram-positive, spore-forming, non-motile, obligate anaerobic bacillus b. Gram-positive, non-motile, catalase-negative, facultative anaerobic diplococcus c. Gram-negative, non-motile, catalase-positive, facultative anaerobic coccobacillus d. Gram-negative, spore-forming, motile, pleomorphic, obligate anaerobic bacillus e. Gram-negative, motile, catalase-positive, facultative anaerobic bacillus

Answer: c. Gram-negative, non-motile, catalase-positive, facultative anaerobic coccobacillus References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, pp. 421-423. 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds.2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 13 – Bacterial Diseases, pp. 303-306. Domain 1; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Question 14: The pictured animal is a research model of chronic colitis and colon cancer. Which of the following accurately describes CITES status and associated regulatory requirements for this species?

a. This is Callithrix jacchus and as a CITES I species, a permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is required before it can serve as a research subject. b. This is Callithrix jacchus and as a CITES III species, it can be used in research WITHOUT a permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. c. This is Saguinus oedipus and as a CITES I species, a permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is required before it can serve as a research subject. d. This is Saguinus oedipus and as a CITES III species, it can be used in research WITHOUT a permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Answer: c. This is Saguinus oedipus and as a CITES I species, a permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is required before it can serve as a research subject. References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds.2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, p. 39 and Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 785. 2) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora – How Cites Works (https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/how.php), CITES Appendices I, II, and III (valid from 4 October 2017) (https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/app/2017/E- Appendices-2017-10-04.pdf) Domain 5; Secondary Species – Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and Cotton Top Tamarin (Saguinus Oedipus)

Question 15: What virus replicates well in this animal making it a good model to replicate human disease?

a. Coronavirus b. Herpesvirus c. Paramyxovirus d. Bunyavirus e. Orthomyxovirus

Answer: c. Paramyxovirus References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of other rodents, p. 311 Domain 3; Tertiary Species -- Cotton Rat (Sigmodon spp.)

Question 16: This wheel illustrates the 5 groups in an institution that are needed for an effective what?

a. Institutional Review Board b. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee c. Radiation Safety Committee d. Occupational Health and Safety Program e. Employee Engagement Program

Answer: d. Occupational Health and Safety Program References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th edition. The National Academies Press: Washington, DC. Chapter 2 – Animal Care and Use Program, p. 17. 2) Villano JS and Ogden BE. 2017. Special issue: Infectious disease research: Animal models and risk management. Comp Med 67(3):189. Domain 5

Question 17: This product needs to be mixed with another compound prior to use in animals. Which of the following would be an appropriate compound for this purpose?

a. Ammonia b. Hydrochloric acid c. Sodium hydroxide d. Sodium bicarbonate e. Ammonium hydroxide

Answer: d. Sodium bicarbonate References: 1) Fish R, Danneman P, Brown M, Karas A, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – Anesthesia and Analgesia in Amphibians, p. 515. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, p. 948. Domain 2; Secondary Species – African clawed frog (Xenopus spp.)

Question 18: Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action and application of the drug shown in the picture?

a. α-2 agonist, used as an analgesic b. α-2 agonist, used as an anesthetic c. Partial mu-agonist, used as an analgesic d. Partial mu-agonist, used as an anesthetic

Answer: c. Partial mu-agonist, used as an analgesic References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 - Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, pp. 1142-1143

2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Pharmacology of Analgesics, pp. 114-115 3) Drug Enforcement Administration. Buprenorphine. July 2013. https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/buprenorphine.pdf Domain 2

Question 19: A PI at your institution works with a colony of rabbits and comes in to find the following. What does this most likely indicate?

a. the temperature in the facility has been too low b. there is a nutrient deficiency and the diet should be tested c. kindling is near d. the rabbit is pruritic e. the rabbits have been fighting

Answer: c. kindling is near References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Biology and Disease of Rabbits, p. 420. 2) Manning PJ, Ringler DH, Newcomer CE, eds. 1994. The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbit, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Colony Husbandry, p. 35. Domain 4 – Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Question 20: This filter is at least ______efficient in capturing particles ______in diameter.

a. 99.7%, 0.2 µm b. 99.97%, 0.2 µm c. 99.997%, 0.2 µm d. 99.7%, 0.3 µm e. 99.97%, 0.3 µm

Answer: e. 99.97%, 0.3 µm References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1565. 2) Chosewood LC, Wilson DE, eds. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 5th edition. Washington, DC. Appendix A – Primary Containment for Biohazards: Selection, Installation and Use of Biological Safety Cabinets, pp. 291-292. Domain 4

Question 21: Which of the following is a characteristic of this mouse parasite?

a. Feeds on the superficial epidermis b. Inhabits hair follicles 12

c. Life cycle is 23 days d. May transmit zoonotic diseases e. Transferred in dirty bedding

Answer: a. Feeds on the superficial epidermis References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 125-127 2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 23 – Arthropods, pp. 572-574 3) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2006. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th edition. Wiley Blackwell: Ames, IA. Chapter 1 – Mouse, p. 86 Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 22: Choose the option that correctly describes the steps of the nitrogen cycle:

a. 1 = Ammonia, 2 = Nitrosomonas spp, 3 = Nitrate, 4 = Nitrobacter spp, 5 = Nitrite b. 1 = Ammonia, 2 = Nitrobacter spp, 3 = Nitrate, 4 = Nitrospira spp, 5 = Nitrite c. 1 = Ammonia, 2 = Nitrosomonas ssp, 3 = Nitrite, 4 = Nitrobacter spp, 5 = Nitrate d. 1 = Ammonia, 2 = Nitrospira spp, 3 = Nitrite, 4 = Nitrosomonas spp, 5 = Nitrate

Answer: c. 1 = Ammonia, 2 = Nitrosomonas ssp, 3 = Nitrite, 4 = Nitrobacter spp, 5 = Nitrate References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, p. 1026. 2) Lawrence C, Mason T. 2012. Zebrafish housing systems: a review of basic operating principles and considerations for design and functionality. ILAR. 53(2): p 6. Domain 4

Question 23: Which of the following methods, in combination with PCR, was able to detect 100% of animals infected with the parasite pictured?

a. Direct examination of intestinal contents b. Sodium nitrate fecal floatation c. Swiss roll histology d. Zinc sulfate centrifugation

Answer: a. Direct examination of intestinal contents References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 124

2) Gerwin et al. 2017. Evaluation of traditional and contemporary methods for detecting Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetrapetra in laboratory mice. JAALAS 56(1):32-41 Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 24: This picture shows placement of a nasogastric tube in a macaque. How would this technique differ in a New World monkey, such as a marmoset, and another Old World monkey, such as a baboon?

a. The size but not the orientation of the tube would change for both the marmoset and baboon b. The size and the orientation of the tube would change for both the marmoset and the baboon c. The size and orientation would change for the marmoset; the size but not the orientation would change for the baboon d. The size but not the orientation would change for the marmoset; the size and orientation would change for the baboon e. The technique would be identical for all three species

Answer: c. The size and orientation would change for the marmoset; the size but not the orientation would change for the baboon References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17- Nonhuman Primates, pp. 840-841. 2) Abee C, Mansfield K, Tardiff S, Morris T. eds 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition. Elsevier, Inc: San Diego, CA. Chapter 13- Clinical Techniques used for Nonhuman Primates, p. 327. Domain 3; Secondary Species - Marmosets (Callitrichidae), Baboons (Papio spp.)

Question 25: The membrane used in reverse osmosis water purification systems (#3 in this image) filters up to what percent of inorganic compounds, dissolved ions, organic compounds including toxins and pyrogens, heavy metals, and microorganisms?

a. 70% b. 80% c. 90% d. 95% e. 99%

Answer: e. 99% References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1580 2) Hessler JR, Lehner NDM, eds. 2009. Planning and Designing Research Animal Facilities. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 32 – Plumbing: Special Considerations, p. 432

Domain 4

Question 26: Rapid movement of the structure above (identified by the arrow) indicates ______, which may be associated with pain in fish?

a. Hyperthermia b. Tachycardia c. Hypothermia d. Tachypnea

Answer: d. Tachypnea References: 1) Chatigny, F, Creighton CM, and Stevens ED. 2018. Updated review of fish analgesia. J Am Assoc Lab Ani Sci 57(1): 5-12. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 21- Biology and Management of Laboratory Fishes, pp1074-1075. 3) Neiffer DL1, Stamper MA. Fish sedation, analgesia, anesthesia, and euthanasia: considerations, methods, and types of drugs. ILAR J. 2009;50(4):343-60. Domain 2; Tertiary species- Other Fish

Question 27: Rooms with this type of equipment must be equipped with ______sensors and a method for increasing room ventilation to exhaust inert gases during cryogen filling.

a. Nitrogen b. Carbon dioxide c. Oxygen d. Hydrogen e. Freon

Answer: c. Oxygen References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 4 – Physical Plant, p. 147. 2) Klaunberg BA, Davis JA. 2008. Considerations for laboratory animal imaging center design and setup. ILAR. 49(1):4-16. Domain 5

Question 28: Animals should be trained prior to using the restraint method shown in the picture using what type of training techniques?

a. Extinction of behavior b. Negative reinforcement c. Operant conditioning d. Positive reinforcement

Answer: d. Positive reinforcement References: 1) McMillan et al. 2014. Refining the pole-and-collar method of restrain: emphasizing the use of positive training techniques with rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). JAALAS 53(1): 61-68 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 841 Domain 4; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)

Question 29: On rounds one morning you observe this cage of mice. From the cage card, you immediately recognize the mice have received an injection of tumor cells. What is your top initial differential?

a. murine manifestation of ringworm b. nude mouse psoriasi c. ulcerative dermatitis d. Corynebacterium bovis e. Flaky Skin Disease

Answer: d. Corynebacterium bovis References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Disease of Mice, p. 112-113. 2) Manuel C, et al. 2017. Detection and elimination of Corynebacterium bovis from barrier rooms using an environmental sampling surveillance program. JAALAS 56(2):202-209. 3) http://labanimalvet.blogspot.com/p/fun-facts-answers-11-20_28.html

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 30: What is this apparatus used to assess in mice?

a. Aggression b. Anxiety c. Short term memory d. Social preference e. Ultrasonic communication

Answer: d. Social preference References: 1) http://www.berlinmouseclinic.org/facility.html 2) Lerch et al. 2016. Effects of embryo transfer on emotional behaviors in C57BL/6 mice. JAALAS 55(5):510-519 Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 31: According to the AVMA Guidelines for Euthanasia of Animals (2013 Edition), which of the following is an unacceptable method of euthanasia for the species shown in the image?

a. Decapitation followed by pithing in adults b. Maceration c. Rapid chilling (in 2-4°C water) of adults until loss of orientation and operculum movement, with subsequent holding for at least 10 minutes d. Rapid chilling (in 2-4°C water) of embryos <3 days post fertilization e. Rapid chilling (in 2-4°C water) of fry 4-7 days after fertilization, with subsequent holding for at least 20 minutes following loss of operculum movement

Answer: d. Rapid chilling (in 2-4°C water) of embryos <3 days post fertilization References: 1) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, pp. 51, 70-71, 99, 102 (https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf) 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, p. 1037 3) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 21 – Anesthesia and Restraint of Laboratory Fish, pp. 532-533 Domain 2; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Question 32: Which of the following best describes the device shown in the picture?

a. Von Frey Test Device b. Kent Scientific PhysioSuite c. Harvard Apparatus Small Animal Ventilator d. Non-Invasive Blood Pressure System

Answer: c. Harvard Apparatus 683 Small Animal Ventilator References: 1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Anesthesia Delivery Systems, pp. 151-154 2) Flecknell PA, ed. 2009. Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia, 3rd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Anaesthesia of Common Laboratory Species: Special Considerations, p. 190 Domain 3

Question 33: This image illustrates a method which could be used to evaluate what in rats?

a. light sensitivity b. analgesic effectiveness c. sleep cycles

d. open-field thigmotaxis e. visual and auditory acuity

Answer: b. analgesic effectiveness References: 1) Waite ME et al. 2015. Efficacy of common analgesics for postsurgical pain in rats. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 54(4): 420-425. 2) Blythe H Philips, Christine L Weisshaar,2Beth A Winkelstein. “Use of the Rat Grimace Scale to Evaluate Neuropathic Pain in a Model of Cervical Radiculopathy” Comp Med. 2017 Feb; 67(1): 34–42. Domain 2; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Question 34: Which of these tests is NOT used to measure the efficacy of anxiolytic compounds in small laboratory rodents?

a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e

Answer: d. (Forced swim test) References: 1) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Vol. 3 – Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models, Chapter 15 – Behavior Testing, pp. 516- 518. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 39 – Animal Welfare, p. 1668. Domain 3

Question 35: The following instrument is used in which type of biological testing?

a. PCR b. MFIA c. ATP d. ELISA e. Culture

Answer: c. ATP References: 1) Turner DE, Daugherity EK, Altier C, Maurer KJ. 2010. Efficacy and limitations of an ATP-based monitoring system. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 49:190–195 2) Särén LE, Hammarberg LK, Kastenmayer RJ, Hallengren LC. 2016. Developing a Performance Standard for Adequate Sanitization of WireBar Lids. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS 55:765-768.

Domain 4

Question 36: Dust baths are a necessary component of animal care for the species pictured above. However, dust baths should not be provided and can be detrimental to the health of what particular subset of these animals?

a. Animals with oily, matted fur b. Animals that have been cold-adapted c. Animals 10 years of age or older d. Animals that have been inbred e. Females that are near term

Answer: e. Females that are near term References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 - Biology and Diseases of Chinchillas, p. 389. 2) Harkness JE, Turner PV, VanDewoude S, Wheler C, eds. 2010. Harkness and Wagner’s Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents. 5th edition. Wiley Blackwell: Hoboken, NJ. Chapter 2 - Biology and Husbandry, p. 60. Domain 4; Tertiary Species - Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)

Question 37: This lesion was noted in an athymic nude mouse used in a patient-derived xenograft experiment. What special stain can be used to easily visualize the most likely causative agent?

a. Acid-fast stain b. Malachite green stain c. Masson’s trichrome stain d. Congo red stain e. Gomori methenamine silver stain

Answer: e. Gomori methenamine silver stain References: 1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th edition. Wiley-Blackwell: Ames, IA. Chapter 1 – Mouse, pp. 80-81. 2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Volume 2 – Diseases, Chapter 20 – Fungal Diseases in Laboratory Mice, pp. 508-510. Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 38: What is the breed of the dog pictured here, and what human disease is it a model for?

a. Standard poodle, cyclic hematopoiesis b. Maltipoo, cardiomyopathy c. Bedlington terrier, Wilson’s disease

d. Curly-coated retriever, Menkes disease e. Grey Collie, muscular dystrophy

Answer: c. Bedlington terrier, Wilson’s disease References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 12 – Biology and Disease of Digs, p. 512. 2) “The Laboratory Dog” http://labsg.org/2010NCThe%20Laboratory%20Dog.pdf 3) “CASE IV– 0-52119 (AFIP 2787359)” The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Department of Veterinary Pathology, Wednesday Slide Conference 2001-2002, Conference 8, 7 November 2001. Domain 3; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris)

Question 39: What infectious agent is likely affecting this species?

a. Flavobacterium branchiophilum b. Flexibacter columnare c. Pleistophora hyphessobryconis d. Pseudoloma neurophilia

Answer: d. Pseudoloma neurophilia Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, pp. 1044-1047 Domain 1; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Question 40: Stereotaxic coordinates for brain atlases in rats have been developed based on what two zero systems (A and B in the figure above, respectively)?

a. Bregma and interaural line b. Bregma and lambda c. Interaural line and lambda d. Lambda and sagittal suture e. Coronal suture and lambda

Answer: b. Bregma and lambda References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 - Techniques of Experimentation pp. 1238-1239 2) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter Domain 3; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Question 41: The photograph depicts a catheter placed in the common digital artery of an anesthetized sheep for monitoring what?

a. Non-invasive blood pressure b. Rate of fluid administration c. Doppler ultrasonic blood pressure d. Oscillometric blood pressure e. Invasive blood pressure

Answer: e. Invasive blood pressure References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 1178. 2) Fish R, Danneman PJ, Brown M, Karas A, eds. 2011. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Monitoring of Anesthesia, p. 176 Domain 2; Secondary Species–Sheep (Ovis aries)

Question 42: These images are photomicrographs of neural tissue. As a result of infection with what family of viruses would you expect to see these findings (arrow)?

a. Picoviridae b. Herpesviridae c. Retroviridae d. Papillomaviridae

Answer: b. Herpesviridae References: 1) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardiff S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 - Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 1 – Viral Diseases of Nonhuman Primates, p. 9-16. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 865 & 869. Domain 1; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)

Question 43: A white flocculent substance was observed on the keratinized claws on multiple frogs in a colony of Xenopus laevis. The stalked protozoal colony imaged above was noted on wet mount. What is the etiological agent?

a. Balantidium xenopodis b. Epistylis spp. c. Protoopalina xenopodus d. Trichodina xenopodus

Answer: b. Epistylis spp. References: 1) Pritchett and Sanders. 2007. Epistylididae ectoparasites in a colony of African clawed frogs (Xenopus Laevis). JAALAS 46(2):86–91 2) Green SL. 2010. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, p. 90 Domain 1; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis)

Question 44: According to the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals, the method of euthanasia depicted in the image is:

a. An acceptable chemical method without conditions in laboratory mice and rats b. An acceptable method with conditions in laboratory rabbits and guinea pigs c. An acceptable physical method with conditions in laboratory mice and rats d. An unacceptable physical method in any laboratory animal species

Answer: c. An acceptable physical method with conditions in laboratory mice and rats References: 1) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals, 2013 edition. Part III – Methods of Euthanasia, p. 49. (https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf) Domain 5

Question 45: The gross pathology seen in this rat is most consistent with:

a. Splenic engorgement due to high dose intraperitoneal pentobarbital b. Intraperitoneal injection of high concentration chloral hydrate c. Gastric bloat due to inadequate fasting prior to anesthesia d. α-chloralose related dysbiosis of the intestinal tract

Answer: b. Intraperitoneal injection of high concentration chloral hydrate References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 1141. 2) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA, Chapter 19 – Anesthesia and Analgesia, p. 657. Domain 2; Primary species — Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Question 46: Which anesthetic agent(s) can cause this condition in a rat?

a. pentobarbital b. avertin c. ketamine/xylazine d. chloral hydrate

e. urethane

Answer: c. ketamine/xylazine References: 1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 2 – Rat, p. 162. 2) Fish R, Danneman P, Brown M, Karas, A, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Academic Press. Chapter 10 – Anesthesia and Analgesia for Laboratory Rodents, pp. 258-261, 265-266. Domain 2; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Question 47: This sterilization technique emits bactericidal rays at what wavelength and must be replaced when the emitted light falls below what intensity due to being too low to destroy microorganisms?

a. 254 nm, <15,000 uw-s/cm2 b. 254 nm, <30,000 uw-s/cm2 c. 754 nm, <15,000 uw-s/cm2 d. 754 nm, <30,000 uw-s/cm2

Answer: b. 254 nm, <30,000 uw-s/cm2 Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and management of research facilities, p. 1581 Domain 4

Question 48: An outbreak of disease in an SPF pig colony caused mortalities, pyrexia, lameness, respiratory distress and neurological signs. A gram-negative coccobacillus was isolated from the fibrinopurulent lesions shown in the picture. Which is the most likely etiologic agent?

a. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae b. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae c. Haemophilus parasuis d. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae e. Streptococcus suis

Answer: c. Haemophilus parasuis Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Biology and Diseases of Swine, pp. 715-718, 725-726. Domain 1; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa)

Question 49: Collecting the tissue indicated by the arrow is one of the most common experimental procedures in Xenopus laevis. What are they collecting and why?

a. oocytes for developmental biology research

b. renal tissue for glomerulonephropathy research c. oocytes for stem cell research d. renal tissue for kidney stone research e. oocytes for assisted reproductive technology research

Answer: a. oocytes for developmental biology research References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biology and Disease of Amphibians, p. 933 & 947. 2) Green SL. 2010. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 5 – Experimental Methodology, p. 134-138. Domain 3 – Secondary Species – African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)

Question 50: What is the parasite shown in Figure A and what is the most common anatomic location for the histological lesions shown in Figure B in an immunodeficient mouse?

a. Demodex musculi, interscapular region b. Myobia musculi, interscapular region c. Notoedres musculi, caudal dorsum region d. Psorergates simplex, head region e. Radfordia affinis, caudal dorsum region

Answer: a. Demodex musculi, interscapular region References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 125-128 2) Nashat et al. 2017. Characterization of Demodex musculi infestation, associated comorbidities and topographic distribution in a mouse strain with defective adaptive immunity. Comparative Medicine 67(4):315-329 Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 51: How do these two species compare, with respect to their dietary requirements for vitamin D?

a. Saimiri sciureus require vitamin D2 in their diet, but Macaca mulatta can utilize vitamin D3 in their diet b. Macaca mulatta require vitamin D3 in their diet, but Saimiri sciureus can utilize vitamin D2 in their diet c. Macaca mulatta and Saimiri sciureus both require vitamin D2 in their diet d. Saimiri sciureus require vitamin D3 in their diet, but Macaca mulatta can utilize vitamin D2 in their diet

Answer: d. Saimiri sciureus require vitamin D3 in their diet, but Macaca mulatta can utilize vitamin D2 in their diet References: 24

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman primates, pp. 777, 796 2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 - Biology and Management, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Nutrient Requirements and Dietary Husbandry Principles for Captive Nonhuman Primates, pp. 278-279 Domain 4; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.) and Secondary Species – Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

Question 52: Which of the following disinfectants are extremely toxic to this species and must never be used around these animals, even to clean secondary enclosures?

a. Bleach b. Hydrogen peroxide c. Phenol d. Quaternary ammonium compounds

Answer: c. Phenol Reference: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 19 - Biology and Diseases of Reptiles, p. 972 Domain 4; Tertiary Species - Other Reptiles

Question 53: This image depicts a scoring system that has been used as a surrogate measure of what phenomenon in mice?

a. Anxiety b. Avoidance c. Hyperactivity d. Memory e. Pain

Answer: e. Pain References: 1) Moore et al. 2017. Comparing Phlebotomy by tail tip amputation, facial vein puncture, and tail vein incision in C57BL/6 mice by using physiologic and behavioral metrics of pain and distress. JAALAS 56(3):307-317 2) Jirkof et al. 2013. Assessment of postsurgical distress and pain in laboratory mice by next complexity scoring. Laboratory Animals 47(3):153-161. Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 54: Which of the following best describes the animal shown in the picture?

a. Chromosome substitution or consomic strain in which Chr 1 from A/J has been transferred to the B6 background b. Congenic inbred strain in which the m and Leprdb mutations are carried in repulsion c. Congenic inbred strain in which the linked mutant genes m and Leprdb were transferred from multiple, missed, or unknown genetic backgrounds to a B6 d. F1 hybrid made by crossing a C57BL/6 female to a C3H male e. Inbred strain segregating for two alleles at the agouti gene

Answer: b. Congenic inbred strain in which the m and Leprdb mutations are carried in repulsion References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 52 2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 – History, Wild Mice, and Genetics. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Breeding Systems: Considerations, Genetic Fundamentals, Genetic Background and Strain Types pp. 66-71; Chapter 5 – Mouse Strain and Genetic Nomenclature: An Abbreviated Guide, pp. 81, 87-88. 3) International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice and Rat Genome and Nomenclature Committee. Guidelines for Nomenclature of Mouse and Rat Strains. January 2016. http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen/strains.shtml#congenic Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 55: In 1909, C.C. Little developed the first inbred strain, depicted here. What is the name of the strain?

a. C57BL/6 b. DBA c. 129 d. C3H e. BALB/C

Answer: b. DBA References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 46. 2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 – History, Wild Mice, and Genetics. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 1 - Building a Better Mouse: One Hundred Years of-Genetics-and-Biology, p. 3. Domain 6

Question 56: When collecting a blood sample from this vessel in the pig, why should it only be collected from the right side?

a. Increased risk of puncturing lung on the left side b. Prevents damage to the recurrent laryngeal and vagus nerves c. The vessel on the left side is poorly developed in 90% of pigs d. This vessel is too deep to access from the left side

Answer: b. Prevents damage to the recurrent laryngeal and vagus nerves References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 15 – Biology and Diseases of Swine, p. 697 2) Swindle MM, Smith AC. 2016. Swine in the Laboratory: Surgery, Anesthesia, Imaging and Experimental Techniques, 3rd edition. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 1 – Biology, Handling, Husbandry and Anatomy, p. 28 Domain 3; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa)

Question 57: Name the genus and species of this animal and one important husbandry consideration.

a. Sigmodon fulviventer; are successful harem breeders b. Sigmodon hispidicus; are induced ovulators c. Sigmodon fulventus; cage changing performed inside deep tub to prevent escape from jumping d. Sigmodon domesticus; require leather garden gloves for handling e. Sigmodon hispidus; solitary in the wild

Answer: e. Sigmodon hispidus; solitary in the wild References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, pp. 311-312. 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds.2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 49 – Cotton Rat, pp. 1108-1109. Domain 4; Tertiary Species – Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus)

Question 58: What parasite is shown in this image?

a. Anatrichosoma asaroides b. Cystobranchus verrilli c. Dinobdella ferox d. Limnatis nilotica e. Strongyloides cebus

Answer: c. Dinobdella ferox References:

1) Baker DG, ed. 2007. Flynn’s Parasites of Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, IA. Chapter 21 – Parasites of Non-human Primates, pp. 706-707. 2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris, T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research Volume 2: Diseases, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Parasitic Diseases of Nonhuman Primates, p. 260. Domain 1; Primary Species – Macaque (Macaca spp.)

Question 59: This species is considered a valid animal model for which human lentiviral disease?

a. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) b. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) c. Human foamy virus (HFV) d. Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpes virus (KSHV)

Answer: b. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 22 - Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, and Analgesia, p. 460. 2) Guardo, G. D. "Cat Transgenesis and Feline Versus Human AIDS." Veterinary Pathology Online 49.5 (2012): 882-883. Domain 3; Secondary species- Cat

Question 60: Removal of the organ indicated by the arrow in neonatal mice results in mice that are deficient in which cell line?

a. T lymphocytes b. B lymphocytes c. Platelets d. Neutrophils

Answer: a. T lymphocytes References: 1) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davison MW, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, and Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 4- Immunology. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 9-Mouse Models of Negative Selection, pp. 208-209. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25- Techniques of experimentation, pp1245-1255. Domain 3; Primary species- Mouse

Question 61: According to the 8th Edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, what is the minimum floor area for the 20 kg male nonhuman primate species depicted in the slide?

a. 1.6 ft2 b. 3.0 ft2 c. 4.3 ft2 d. 8.0 ft2 e. 10.0 ft2

Answer: d. 8.0 ft2 References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 61 2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart D – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Nonhuman Primates, §3.80 Primary enclosures (b) Minimum space requirements. (2) (i) (1-1-16 Edition, pp. 173-174) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_ 2017_508comp.pdf) Domain 5; Secondary Species – Baboon (Papio spp.)

Question 62: These photomicrographs show H&E (A, B) and Warthin-Starry (C) stained histologic sections of colon from a B6.129S7-Rag1tm1Mom/J mouse with a history of weight loss and diarrhea. Histologic findings are consistent with a ______caused by ______.

a. Hyperplastic colitis, Clostridium piliforne b. Hyperplastic colitis, Helicobacter hepaticus c. Ulcerative colitis, Salmonella spp. d. Ulcerative colitis, Escherichia coli enteropathogenic strain

Answer: b. Hyperplastic colitis, Helicobacter hepaticus References: 1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH, eds. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th edition. Wiley Blackwell, Ames, IA. Chapter 1 – Mouse, p. 55. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Mice, p. 106. Domain 1; Primary species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 63: What is this zebrafish parasite?

a. Myxidium streisingeri b. Pseudocapillaria tomentosa c. Pseudoloma neurophilia

d. Pseudocapillaroides rerio e. Ichthyophthirius multifilis

Answer: b. Pseudocapillaria tomentosa References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, pp1051-1053. 2) Harper C, Lawrence C. 2011. The Laboratory Zebrafish, 1st edition. CRC Press. Chapter 5 – Veterinary Care, pp. 153-156. Domain 1; Secondary Species - Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Question 64: In the image shown, the bar labeled with the letter C is referred to by what term?

a. Angle of approach b. Blind spot c. Flight zone d. Point of balance

Answer: d. Point of balance References: 1) Committees to Revise the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching. 2010. GUIDE for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching. 3rd Edition. Federation of Animal Science Societies, Savoy, IL. Chapter 5 – Animal Handling and Transport, p. 46 (https://aaalac.org/about/Ag_Guide_3rd_ed.pdf) 2) Bayne K, Turner PV, eds. 2014. Laboratory Animal Welfare. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 15 - Agricultural Animal Welfare, p. 251 Domain 4; Tertiary Species – Other Livestock

Question 65: The species pictured is an important animal model of which human disease?

a. Dengue b. Ebola c. Hemorrhagic fever d. HIV/AIDS e. Malaria

Answer: d. HIV/AIDS References: 1) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 - Biology and Management, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Taxonomy of Nonhuman Primates Used in Biomedical Research, p. 63 2) Crast et al. 2016. Behavioral effect of an enhanced enrichment program for group-housed sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys). JAALAS 55(6):756-764 Domain 3; Tertiary Species – Other Nonhuman Primates

Question 66: According to the Animal Welfare Regulations, animals maintained in this device for more than ______must be allowed of unrestricted activity daily.

a. 6 hours, 30 continuous minutes b. 12 hours, 30 continuous minutes c. 24 hours, 30 continuous minutes d. 6 hours, 60 continuous minutes e. 12 hours, 60 continuous minutes

Answer: e. 12 hours, 60 continuous minutes References: 1) USDA. Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart D - Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment and Transportation of Nonhuman Primates, §3.81 Environmental Enhancement to Promote Psychological Well-Being, (c)(1)(iv) (January 2017 edition, p. 176). (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_5 08comp.pdf) 2) National Research Council (NRC), 2003. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Chapter 3 – General Animal Care Concerns, p. 49. 3) http://unifabcorporation.com/animal-and-biomedical/primate-restraint-chair/ Domain 5

Question 67: What is the most likely etiologic agent that would cause the lesions depicted in this mouse?

a. Ectromelia Virus (ECTV) b. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) c. Mouse Encephalomyelitis Virus (MEV) d. Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice Virus (EDIM) e. K Virus

Answer: a. Ectromelia virus (ECTV) References: 1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th Ed. Wiley Blackwell: Ames, IA. Chapter 1—Mouse, Poxvirus Infection: Ectromelia Virus Infection; Mousepox, pp 27. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, 2. Viral Diseases, a. Mousepox, pp. 74-77. Domain 1; Primary Species—Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 68: Which of the following prohibits import, export, and interstate and foreign commerce of this species and implements U.S. participation in CITES?

a. Animal Welfare Act b. Endangered Species Act c. Health Research Extension Act d. IATA Live Animal Regulations e. Lacey Act

Answer: b. Endangered Species Act References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2- Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, pp. 25-30, 39-40 2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 - Biology and Management, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations and Policies Relating to the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates, pp. 38, 51-52, 54 Domain 5; Tertiary Species - Other Nonhuman Primates

Question 69: What can this device be used to test for in mice?

a. Corneal reflex b. Palpebral reflex c. Patellar reflex d. Pedal withdrawal reflex e. Ocular position

Answer: d. Pedal withdrawal reflex References: 1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Monitoring of Anesthesia, pp. 173-174 2) Erickson et al. 2016. Intraperitoneal continuous-rate infusion for the maintenance of anesthesia in laboratory mice (Mus musculus). JAALAS 55(5):548-557. Domain 2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 70: What frequency do the audible notifications of the fire alarm shown here need to be for a mouse not to detect it?

a. < 1 kHz b. < 2 kHz c. < 10 kHz d. < 20 kHz

Answer: a. < 1 kHz References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities for Mice p. 1568 2) Reynolds et al. 2010. Noise in a laboratory animal facility from the human and mouse perspectives. JAALAS 49(5):592–597 Domain 4

Question 71: Choose the vector that transmitted the etiologic agent causing these lesions.

a. Flies b. Fleas and mosquitos c. Wild rabbits d. Reduviid bug e. Wild squirrels

Answer: b. Fleas and mosquitos References: 1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th edition. Wiley Blackwell, Chapter 6 - Rabbit, pp. 263-264 2) Cikanek S, Carpenter J, Lindemann D, Hallman R, Eshar D, Kim I, Almes K. 2017.Shope fibroma in the external ear canal of a domestic rabbit. JAALAS 56:11-17. Domain 4; Primary Species –Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Question 72: The table (describing the kinds of behaviors that rhesus macaques display in various settings) would be helpful when trying to manage animals in pain or distress. This table is an example of:

a. an ethogram b. an archigram c. a decentiagram d. a dendrogram e. a cladrogram

Answer: a. an ethogram References: 1) National Research Council. 2008. Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals. The National Academies Press: Washington, DC. Chapter 3 – Recognition and Assessment of Stress and Distress, p. 26 & Appendix, p. 96. 2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardiff S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Biology and Management. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Study of Nonhuman Primate Social Behavior, p. 143- 144. 3) Mayer J. 2007. Use of behavioral analysis to recognize pain in small mammals. Lab Anim 36(6):43-48. Domain 2; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)

Question 73: According to the 8th Edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, a maximum of how many cats, all weighing ≤ 4 kg can be housed in the floor space depicted in the image?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

Answer: c. 3 References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 59 2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart A – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Dogs and Cats, §3.6 Primary enclosures, (b) Additional requirements for cats (1) Space (ii) (B) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 118) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_ 2017_508comp.pdf) Domain 4; Secondary Species - Cat (Felis domesticus) Question 74: The use of this material with circle breathing circuits is intended to remove which of the following?

a. Moisture b. Carbon dioxide c. Nitrogen d. Waste anesthetic gases

Answer: b. Carbon dioxide References: 1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Anesthesia Delivery Systems. pp. 134-135. 2) Smiths Medical – Sodasorb® http://www.smiths-medical.com/catalog/sodasorb/sodasorb-low-flow/sodasorb-lf-co- sub.html Domain 2

Question 75: Identify species of this reptile which is commonly used to teach physiology and anatomy, and is also used as a research model for respiratory physiology because of their apparent resistance to anoxia.

a. Chrysemys picta b. Terrapene carolina c. Gopherus polyphemus d. Trachemys scripta elegans e. Aspidoscelis sexlineata

Answer: a. Chrysemys picta References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biology and Diseases of Reptiles, p. 829. 2) Alworth, L.C., Hernandez, S.M., Divers, S.J. Laboratory Reptile Surgery: Principles and Techniques. JAALAS, 50(1): 11-26. 3) http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/files/2013/05/painted-turtle.jpg Domain 3; Tertiary Species – (Chrysemys picta)

Question 76: What is the next diagnostic step in a chinchilla that presents with hypersalivation and drooling like the picture here?

a. Radiographs b. Bacterial culture of nasal discharge c. Serology for viral testing d. Fungal culture with dermatophyte test medium

Answer: a. Radiographs- this animal has malocclusion (slobbers) References: 1) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 42 – Diseases and Veterinary Care, p. 1003. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 9 – Biology and Diseases of Chinchillas, p. 404 Domain 1; Tertiary Species—Other Rodent

Question 77: This germ-free mouse was found dead in a gnotobiotic isolator. The mouse had not shown any prior signs of illness and the other mice in the isolator appear healthy. What is the most likely cause of death?

a. Cecal torsion b. Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis following isolator contamination c. Perforating gastric ulcer d. Uterine torsion

Answer: a. Cecal torsion References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 26 – Gnotobiotics, p. 1283 2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 3 – Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Gnotobiotics, p. 219 Domain 1; Primary Species - Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 78: Which of the following accurately describes the pathogen that produces the condition depicted in these images?

a. Transmission of the pathogen occurs via the fecal-oral route. b. Infection with this pathogen does not cause clinical disease in hirsute immunocompromised mice. c. When present in nude mouse colonies, this pathogen is considered endemic and difficult to eradicate. d. On histologic examination of the skin, gram-negative rods can be demonstrated in the keratin layer. e. Histopathological lesions induced by this pathogen are characterized by parakeratotic hyperkeratosis.

Answer: c. The pathogen is endemic in many nude mouse colonies and difficult to eradicate. References: 1) Dole VS, Henderson KS, Fister RD, Pietrowski MT, Maldonado G, Clifford CB. 2013. Pathogenicity and genetic variation of 3 strains of Corynebacterium bovis in immunodeficient mice. JAALAS. 52(4):458-466. 2) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th edition. Wiley-Blackwell: Ames, IA. Chapter 1 – Mouse, pp. 67-69. Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 79: The photograph is that of a rhesus macaque that had a TB test performed. The type of tuberculin used most commonly is:

a. Primate Old Tuberculin b. Purified Protein Derivative c. Mammalian Old Tuberculin d. Mammalian New Tuberculin

Answer: c. Mammalian Old Tuberculin References: 1) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 - Biology and Management, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 12 – Preventative Medicine in Nonhuman Primates, p. 308. 2) Wolfe-Coote, S. 2005. The Handbook of Experimental Animals: The Laboratory Primate, Part 2, Chapter 16- Medical Care, Management of the Stable Colony, Page 246 Domain 3; Primary Species-Macaques (Macaca sp.)

Question 80: What is the name of this piece of equipment?

a. supply cylinder b. transfer port c. autoclave containment device (ACD)

d. ethylene oxide sterilizer e. feed conveyer

Answer: a. supply cylinder References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 26 – Gnotobiotics, p. 1271. 2) Schoeb TR and Eaton KA, eds. 2012. Gnotobiotics. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Procedures for Rodents, p. 86-97. Domain 4

Question 81: This clinical sign in a NZB x NZW F1 hybrid mouse (NZBWF1/J) is a potential sequela of its genetic manipulation to model what human disease?

a. Multiple sclerosis b. Rheumatoid arthritis c. Hodgkin’s lymphoma d. Muscular dystrophy e. Systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer: e. Systemic lupus erythematosus References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quinby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press:San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 109; Chapter 24 – Animal Models in Biomedical Research, p. 672-673. 2) Perry D, Sang A, Yin Y, Zheng YY, Morel L. 2011. Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011:271694. Domain 3; Primary species – Mice (Mus musculus)

Question 82: The items shown are most commonly used for laboratory rabbits for what purpose?

a. Enrichment b. Weight-training c. Optical-testing d. Color differentiation testing

Answer: a. Enrichment References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 32 – Laboratory Animal Behavior, p. 1245. 2) Harriss LD, Custer LB, Soranaka ET, Burge JR & Ruble GR. 2001. “Evaluation of Objects and Food for Environmental Enrichment of NZW Rabbits” JAALAS, 40(1):27- 30. 3) http://www.bio-serv.com/product/Bunny_Blocks.html Domain 4; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 37

Question 83: An investigator wishes to modify several recently obtained plastic storage boxes like the one pictured to group house Mesocricetus auratus. What is the maximum number of 61- 80 g animals that may be housed in a primary enclosure of this size?

a. 0 b. 4 c. 8 d. 12

Answer: d. 12 References: 1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart B – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Guinea Pigs and Hamsters, §3.28 Primary Enclosures, (c) Space requirements for primary enclosures on or after August 15, 1990 (2) Hamsters (iii) (1-1- 16 Edition, p. 140) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_ 2017_508comp.pdf) 2) Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Chapter 3 - Environment, Housing and Management, p. 57 Domain 5; Secondary Species – Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

Question 84: What is an indication for use of this equipment in the rodent housing facility?

a. Measuring ATP b. Measuring ultrasound c. Measuring ammonia d. Measuring hydration

Answer: b. Measuring ultrasound References: 1. Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Quimby. Academic Press, 2002. Chapter 29 p. 1150. 2. Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition. Chapter 3, p.106. Domain 4

Question 85: A colony of Xenopus tropicalis experienced a sudden increase in mortality rate. One of the animals pictured presented with lethargy and anorexia. Which of the following would be the most likely finding?

a. Air bubbles under the skin of the interdigital webbing b. Aseptate, sparsely branching filaments on wet mount of skin c. Embryonated ova on wet mount of feces d. Icteric skin e. Spheroid to oval spores on wet mount of skin

Answer: e. Spheroid to oval spores on wet mount of skin References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, pp. 957-958 2) Green, S.L. 2009. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, pp. 86-87 3) Parker et al. 2002. Clinical diagnosis and treatment of epidermal chytridiomycosis in African clawed frogs (Xenopus tropicalis). Comparative Medicine 52(3):265-268 Domain 1; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis)

Question 86: During a necropsy of a Macaca mulatta, you find this incidental lung lesion. The monkey did not show any clinical signs when it was alive. What is the most likely cause of this lesion?

a. Porocephalus subulifer b. Pedicinus eurygaster c. Pneumonyssus vocalis d. Pneumonyssus caninum e. Pneumonyssus simicola

Answer: e. Pneumonyssus simicola References: 1) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardiff S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 - Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Parasitic Diseases of Nonhuman Primates, p. 268-270. 2) Baker DG, editor. 2008. Flynn’s Parasites of Laboratory Animals. John Wiley & Sons Chapter 21 – Parasites of Non-Human Primates, p. 717-719. 3) https://www.askjpc.org/wsco/do_slideshow2.php?pic_series=162204&cYear=2016&initI mage=3158 Domain 4; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)

Question 87: Which class of biosafety cabinet is represented here?

a. BSC Class I b. BSC Class II, A1 c. BSC Class II, A2 d. BSC Class II, B1 e. BSC Class II, B2

Answer: e. BSC Class II, B2 References: 39

1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institute of Health, 5th ed Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 5th edition. 2009. Appendix A – Primary Containment for Biohazards: Selection, Installation and Use of Biological Safety Cabinets, p. 318. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, p.1554. Domain 5

Question 88: Newborns from which of the animals depicted are attached firmly to the nipples of the dams and are dragged around for about 3 weeks?

a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

Answer: a. White-tailed rats (Mystromys albicaudatus) References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, pp. 290, 303, 308, 314-315 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section IV – Other Rodents, Chapter 51 – White-Tailed Rat, p. 1126 Domain 4; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents

Question 89: According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching, the procedure depicted here should occur at what age?

a. less than 1 week of age b. less than 2 weeks of age c. less than 3 weeks of age d. less than 4 weeks of age e. less than 6 weeks of age

Answer: d. less than 4 weeks of age References: 1) Federation of Animal Science Societies (FASS), 2010. Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching, 3rd edition. FASS, Savoy. Champaign, IL, p. 136. Domain 5; Secondary Species – Goat (Capra hircus)

Question 90: Which of the following species is the definitive host for the organism shown here?

a. Cats b. Guinea pigs c. Owl monkeys d. Rabbits e. Sheep

Answer: a. Cats Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 13 - Biology and Diseases of Cats, p. 572; Chapter 15 – Biology and Diseases of Ruminants (Sheep, Goats, and Cattle), p. 673; Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 884-887; and Chapter 28 – Selected Zoonoses, pp. 1355-1356 Domain 4; Secondary Species – Cat (Felis domesticus)

Question 91: The rodent depicted in this picture secretes very little urine and was recently shown to have minimal increases in cage ammonia levels over a 6-week cage change interval as compared to a 2-week cage change interval. What is this rodent?

a. Dipodymus spp. b. Meriones spp. c. Onychomys spp. d. Oryzomys spp. e. Sigmodon spp.

Answer: b. Meriones spp. References: 1) McCullagh et al. 2017. Effects of an extended cage change interval on ammonia levels and reproduction in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). JAALAS 56(6):713-717 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, pp. 299, 303-304, 308, 311, 316 Domain 4; Secondary Species – Gerbil (Meriones spp.)

Question 92: This condition was found in numerous mice in an institution. Choose the LEAST likely etiological agent that may cause this condition:

a. Citrobacter rodentium b. Coronavirus c. Rotavirus d. Reovirus e. Polyoma virus

Answer: e. Polyoma virus

References: 1) Miller CL, et. Al. “Isolation of Helicobacter spp. from Mice with Rectal Prolapses”. 2014. Comp Med. 64(3):171-178. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. p. 85, 95,-97,108 1) Percy and Barthold. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory rodents and rabbits. 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 2- Rats, p. Pg. 8, 55-90 Domain 1- Primary species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 93: What is the etiologic agent or deficiency that may cause this problem in guinea pigs?

a. Streptococcus spp b. Staphylococcus aureus c. Staphylococcus xylosus d. Trixacarus caviae e. Vitamin C deficiency

Answer: b. Staphylococcus aureus References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs. p. 273 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section III – Guinea Pigs, Chapter 21 – Infectious Diseases, pp. 648-650 Domain 4; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

Question 94: A rabbit is submitted for necropsy due to poor body condition, distended abdomen, and dark brown/green soiling of the perineal region. Histology of the liver shows this characteristic lesion. What is most TRUE regarding the causative agent or disease?

a. Causative agent does not persist in the environment, therefore environmental decontamination is unnecessary b. Causative agent is E. flavescens c. A commercial vaccine exists which aids in preventing disease d. Survivors develop natural immunity which may be lifelong e. Adults are most susceptible, and infection usually results in fatality

Answer: d. Survivors develop natural immunity which may be lifelong References: 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 437 3) Baker, DG. 2007. Flynn’s Parasites of Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, IA. Chapter 15 – Parasites of Rabbits, p. 454-7

Domain 1; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Question 95: What is the function of the lateral line system, or “stitches”, in Xenopus sp.?

a. detect changes in water pressure and locate prey b. detect high frequency sound for communication c. secrete peptides as a self defense mechanism d. secrete pheromones to attract mates e. secrete reproductive hormones to ensure egg and embryo development

Answer: a. detect changes in water pressure and locate prey References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biology and Disease of Amphibians, p. 941. 2) Green SL. 2010. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 1 – Important Biological Features, p. 4 & 10. Domain 1 – Secondary Species – African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)

Question 96: In hamsters, the gross and histologic lesions presented likely represent infection with ______, the causative agent of ______.

a. Clostridium piliforme; Tyzzer’s disease. b. Lawsonia intracellularis; Proliferative ileitis. c. Syphacia mesocriceti; Transmissible ileal hyperplasia. d. Hamster polyoma virus; Transmissible lymphoma.

Answer: b. Lawsonia intracellularis; Proliferative ileitis (aka Transmissible ileal hyperplasia References: 1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, and Percy DH. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits. 4th Ed. 2016. Wiley Blackwell Publishing. Chapter 3- Hamstes, p. 189. 2) American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd Ed. 2015. Academic Press. Chapter 5- Biology and Diseases of Hamsters, p 218. 3) Image: Barthold SW, Griffey SM, and Percy DH. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits. 4th Ed.2016. Wiley Blackwell Publishing. Domain 1; Secondary Species—Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

Question 97: Which of the following is NOT a reliable diagnostic method for identifying an infestation with the organism that produces this egg?

a. Pressing cellophane tape to the perineal area b. Fecal flotation examination c. Demonstration of adult worms in the cecum or large intestines d. PCR of fecal pellets

Answer: b. Fecal flotation examination References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 124. 2) Fox, JG, MT Davisson, FW Quimby, SW Barthold, CE Newcomer, AL Smith. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research: Diseases, 2nd edition. Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Chapter 22 Helminth Parasites of Laboratory Mice, p. 553-556 Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 98: Which of the following statements applies to the proper use of this equipment?

a. Water temperatures must reach 83.5° C for adequate sanitation of materials b. The equipment must be equipped with functioning safety devices to prevent staff entrapment c. Fresh water must be used for each cycle in the cleaning process d. Water temperatures must reach 82.2° C for adequate sterilization of materials

Answer: b. The equipment must be equipped with functioning safety devices to prevent staff entrapment References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 5 – Physical Plant, p. 143. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1559. Domain 4

Question 99: What is this mouse’s score for the ear position component of the mouse grimace scale?

a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4

Answer: c. 2 References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 - Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 1145.

2) Matsumiya LC, Sorge RE, Sotocinal SG, Tabaka JM, Wieskopf JS, Zaloum A, King OD, Mogil JS. 2012. Using the Mouse Grimace Scale to reevaluate the efficacy of postoperative analgesics in laboratory mice. JAALAS. 51(1):42-49. 3) Langford DJ, Bailey AL, Chanda ML, Clarke SE, Drummond TE, Echols S, Glick S, Ingrao J, Klassen-Ross T, LaCroix-Fralish ML, Matsumiya L, Sorge RE, Sotocinal SG, Tabaka JM, Wong D, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Ferrari MD, Craig KD, Mogil JS. 2010. Coding of facial expressions of pain in the laboratory mouse. Nat Methods. 7(6):447-449. Domain 2; Primary species - Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 100: What is the best method for detecting this organism in the rat?

a. Urine filtration b. Fecal floatation c. Cecal scrape d. Perineal tape test

Answer: a. Urine filtration References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, p. 150. 2) Bowman MR, Pare JA, Pickney RD. 2004. Trichosomoides crassicauda infection in a pet hooded rat. Veterinary Record, 154(12): 374-5. Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Question 101: For data with this frequency distribution, what percentage of the area under the curve is located within one standard deviation of the mean?

a. 33% b. 50% c. 68% d. 95% e. It varies with the magnitude of the standard deviation

Answer: c. 68% References: 1) Hennekers CH, Buring JE. 1987. Epidemiology in Medicine, Little Brown and Co: Boston, MA. Chapter 9 – Presentation and Summarization of Data, p. 238. 2) https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-normal-distribution.html Domain 3

Question 102: What is the minimum floor area required to house a 12 kg male of this species in a research animal facility holding an OLAW assurance in the United States?

a. 4.3 ft2 b. 6.0 ft2 c. 8.0 ft2 d. 9.0 ft2

Answer: b. 6 ft2 References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 61 2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart D – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Nonhuman Primates, §3.80 Primary enclosures (b) Minimum space requirements. (2) (i) (1-1-16 Edition, pp. 173-174) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_ 2017_508comp.pdf) Domain 5; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.) Question 103: The organism shown above can cause which of the following hematologic derangements in dogs?

a) Anemia, hyperproteinemia, thrombocytopenia b) Leukopenia, anemia, basophilia c) Anemia, eosinophilia, hypoproteinemia d) Hypoproteinemia, leukopenia, thrombocytosis

Answer: c. Anemia, eosinophilia, hypoproteinemia References: 1) Baker, DG, ed. 2007. Flynn’s Parasites of Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, IA. Chapter 17-Parasites of Dogs, pp. 544. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 12-Biology and Diseases of Dogs, pp 527-528. Domain 1; Primary species- Dog

Question 104: What cleaning agent should never be used in the microenvironment of this species?

a. Phenols b. Alcohols c. Aldehydes d. Oxidants

Answer: a. Phenols References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, p. 937 2) Green SL 2010. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 2 -- Husbandry p. 54 Domain 4; Tertiary Species – Amphibians, Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Question 105: This device is used to measure which of the levels listed below, which is an important consideration in the cage microenvironment?

a. humidity b. ammonia c. temperature d. carbon dioxide

Answer: b. ammonia References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36- Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1569. 2) Mexas et al. 2015. Nasal histopathology and intracage ammonia levels in female groups and breeding mice housed in static isolation cages. JAALAS 54(5): 478-486. Domain 4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

Question 106: What is the condition in the guinea pig on the left?

a. Barbering b. Dermatophytosis c. Hairless d. Nude

Answer: c. Hairless References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs, pp. 248, 253, 266-267 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section III – Guinea Pigs, Chapter 19 – Taxonomy and History, pp. 568-572; Chapter 20 – Anatomy, Physiology, and Behavior, pp. 598-599; and Chapter 23 – Infectious Diseases, pp. 661- 663 Domain 1; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

Question 107: In the system pictured here, the component that must contain a sufficient quantity of bacteria to be capable of processing the level of nitrogenous waste entering the system is known as the:

a. Recirculator b. Biofilter c. Hydrocleaner d. Aerator e. Scavenger

Answer: b. Biofilter References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 80. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 21 – Biology and Management of Laboratory Fishes, p. 1066. Domain 4; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Question 108: The method of euthanasia pictured is considered when administering a barbiturate in a(n) dog by trained personnel.

a. acceptable with conditions; conscious b. unacceptable; unconscious c. acceptable; anesthetized d. acceptable with conditions; anesthetized e. unacceptable; anesthetized

Answer: d. acceptable with conditions; anesthetized References 1) AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia, 2013. Part III- Methods of Euthanasia, S1- Companion animals, S1.3- Acceptable with conditions, pp. 44-45. Domain 5; Primary Species—Dog (Canis familiaris)

Question 109: What procedure is being performed with the device pictured? What is the minimum number of measurements that should be taken for accurate interpretation for the species undergoing this procedure?

a. Bone density with Hologic QDR 2000 device; 2 measurements b. Blood pressure with tail cuff method; 4 measurements c. Oxygen saturation with tail cuff method; 4 measurements d. Pulse rate with oscillometric method with Dinamap 1846SX/P device; 2 measurements

Answer: b. Blood pressure with tail cuff method; 4 measurements References:

1) Ansel et al. 2016. The effect of anesthesia on blood pressure measured noninvasively by using the tail-cuff method in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). JAALAS 55(5):594-600 2) Mietsch and Einspanier. 2015. Noninvasive blood pressure measurement values, problems, and applicability in the common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Laboratory Animals 49(3):241-250 3) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 - Biology and Management, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 13 – Clinical Techniques used for Nonhuman Primates, p. 333 and Chapter 17 – Anesthesia and Analgesia in Nonhuman Primates, Anesthetic Management and Monitoring, p. 425 Domain 2; Secondary Species – Marmoset/Tamarins (Callitrichidae)

Question 110: What is the name of the animal replacement model for microsurgical training depicted in these images?

a. Koken Rat Model b. MD PVC-Rat Model c. CurVet Rat Training Simulator d. Mimolette Lab Rat Model e. Squeekum Rat Model

Answer: b. MD PVC-Rat Model References: 1) Braintree Scientific – Teaching & Reference Products (Rat Models) - http://www.braintreesci.com/products.asp?dept=109. 2) Microsurgical Developments Foundation - http://www.microdev.nl/index.php/products/md-pvc-rat. 3) Remie R. 2001. The PVC-rat and other alternatives in microsurgical training. Lab Animal. 30:48-52. Domain 6

Question 111: These photos show zebrafish that were affected by an infectious agent. The white arrows in photographs A & B point to external lesions (nodules), and photograph C shows emaciation of the affected fish. What type of stain would be appropriate for histopathologic diagnosis?

a. H & E b. Acid fast c. Congo Red d. Giemsa e. Red oil O

Answer: b. Acid fast References: 1) Whipps CM et al. 2012. Mycobacteriosis in Zebrafish colonies. ILAR 53(2):95-105. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 21 – Biology and Management of Laboratory Fishes, p. 1078. Domain 1; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio) 49

Question 112: Which of the nonhuman primate species shown is most commonly used for pharmaceutical safety testing?

a. A b. B c. C d. D

Answer: b. B (Cynomolgus macaque) References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 782-785, 802-807 2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 - Biology and Management, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 19 – Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Using Nonhuman Primates, p. 497 Domain 3; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp)

Question 113: Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the method of euthanasia displayed shown in frogs such as Lithobates pipiens?

a. This may be used only in unconscious animals as a secondary method of euthanasia b. This method may be used only after ensuring the absence of respirations and heartbeat by either palpation or auscultation c. This is prohibited as either a primary or secondary form of euthanasia d. This may be used as a primary method of euthanasia in awake animals only by skilled individuals e. The above method shown is incorrect as the preferred entry site is within the oral cavity

Answer: a. This may be used only in unconscious animals as a secondary method of euthanasia References: 1) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 edition, p78. 2) Torreilles, SL, McClure, DE, & Green, SL. 2009. Evaluation and Refinement of Euthanasia Methods for Xenopus laevis. JAALAS 48(5): 512–516. Domain 2; Tertiary Species

Question 114: The housing and enrichment shown above would be appropriate for which species?

a. Macaca mulatta b. Mus musculus c. Cavia porcellus d. Sus scrufa

Answer: d. Sus scrufa References: 1) Smith AC and Swindle MM. 2006. Preparation of Swine for the Laboratory. ILAR 47(4): 358-363. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16-Biology and Diseases of Swine, pp 697. Domain 4; Primary species- Swine

Question 115: Who was the founder and first president of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science?

a. Bennett Cohen b. Charles A. Griffin c. Karl F. Meyer d. Nathan R. Brewer e. Thomas Clarkson

Answer: d. Dr. Nathan R. Brewer References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 1 – Laboratory Animal Medicine: Historical Perspectives, pp. 7-9 2) https://www.aalas.org/about-aalas/history Domain 6

Question 116: While assisting tissue collection on a sheep at necropsy, you note several pustular encrustations on the lips and nostrils of the sheep. During necropsy, you accidentally puncture your glove and cause a small cut on your hand with the necropsy knife. A week later you develop the lesion depicted here. What is your top differential?

a. Contagious Echthyma – a flavivirus b. Orf virus – a poxvirus c. Foot and Mouth Disease – a picornavirus d. Vesicular Stomatitis – a rhabdovirus e. Myiasis – a dipteravirus

Answer: b. Orf virus – a poxvirus

References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 28 – Selected Zoonoses, p.1317. Domain 1; Secondary Species – Sheep (Ovis aries)

Question 117: What material is this bottle stopper most likely made out of?

a. Siliconized rubber b. Synthetic neoprene c. Polysulfone d. Borosilicate

Answer: b. Synthetic neoprene Reference: 1) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition. Volume 3: Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 9 – Design and Management of Research Facilities for Mice, pg. 307. Domain 4; Primary Species

Question 118: What is the condition shown here, which may be seen during ocular development in Wistar Hannover (WH) rats?

a. Diffuse retinal detachment b. Spontaneous intraocular hemorrhage and retina pigment deposition c. Optic nerve degeneration d. Corneal opacity and lenticular cataractous change e. Asteroid hyalosis

Answer: b. Spontaneous intraocular hemorrhage and retina pigment deposition References: 1) Inagaki K, Koga H, Inoue K, Suzuki K, Suzuki H. Spontaneous intraocular hemorrhage in rats during postnatal ocular development. Comp Med. 2014 Feb;64(1):34-43. 2) Hojman AS, Otzen LW, Schrøder-Hansen LM, Wegener KM. Pigment Deposition in the Rat Retina. Toxicol Pathol. 2015 Aug;43(6):890-2. Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Question 119: Which of the following is FALSE regarding the species above:

a. Animals are typically social and engage in frequent social interactions b. Acceptable floor surfaces include compacted soil, wood, and nonskid concrete c. When practical the minimum group size of 3 is preferred d. Tail docking should be performed in goats and sheep between 2-4 weeks of age

Answer: d. Tail docking should be performed in goats and sheep between 2-4 weeks of age

References: 1) Federation of Animal Science Societies (FASS), 2010. Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching, 3rd edition. FASS, Savoy. Champaign, IL, p. 129, 133, 135. Domain 5; Secondary Species – Sheep and Goats

Question 120: The tool depicted in the image here is used for:

a. Collecting sperm samples in mice b. Cerebrospinal fluid collection in mice c. Embryo transfer in mice d. Cryopreservation of sperm

Answer: c. Embryo transfer in mice References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 28 – Transgenic and Knockout Mice, p.1139. 2) Takahashi, H and Liu C. 2010. Archiving and Distributing Mouse Lines by Sperm Cryopreservation, IVF, and Embryo Transfer. Methods in Enzymology, 476. p.53-69. Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

END OF EXAM