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A Systematic Policy Review of Early Childhood Development and Peacebuilding in Fourteen Conflict-Affected and Post-Conflict Countries

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A Systematic Policy Review of Early Childhood Development and Peacebuilding in Fourteen Conflict-Affected and Post-Conflict Countries A Systematic Policy Review of Early Childhood Development and Peacebuilding in fourteen Conflict-affected and Post-conflict countries FINAL REPORT Principal Investigator Dr. Lynn Ang Department of Learning and Leadership UCL Institute of Education University College London Co-Investigator Professor Sandy Oliver Social Science Research Unit and EPPI-Centre UCL Institute of Education University College London A study commissioned by United National Children’s Fund (UNICEF) New York Head Quarters Authors This report was prepared by Dr. Lynn Ang and Professor Sandy Oliver, UCL Institute of Education. Acknowledgements We are immensely grateful for the contributions of the following: Anna Wilson (Research Assistant) SioBhan Fitzpatrick CBE, Chief Executive Officer Early Years - the organisation for young children (Expert Advisor) Professor Paul Connolly, Queen's University Belfast (Expert Advisor) Dr Mary Oliver, University of Nottingham (Expert Advisor) We are also grateful for the contributions of individuals at UNICEF New York Head Quarters and UNICEF Country Offices in Burundi, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Liberia, Myanmar, Pakistan, the State of Palestine, Sierra Leone, Somali, South Sudan, Uganda and Yemen for their invaluable expertise to the project. This report should be cited as: Ang L. and Oliver S. (2015) A Systematic Policy Review of Early Childhood Development and Peacebuilding in fourteen Conflict-affected and Post-conflict countries. UNICEF and UCL Institute of Education: University College London. ISBN: FINAL REPORT Early Childhood Development and Peacebuilding Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 3 What Does The Systematic Policy Review Show? .............................................................................. 3 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Implications ........................................................................................................................................ 7 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Structure of the Report ...................................................................................................................... 9 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Context ........................................................................... 10 SECTION 1: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK............................................................................................... 11 Initial Conceptual Framework .......................................................................................................... 11 New Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................................ 12 Conceptual analysis of children’s role in policy discourse ................................................................. 2 Conceptual analysis of peacebuilding and fragility ............................................................................ 2 An empirical analysis of peacebuilding interventions ........................................................................ 2 Transition Theory ................................................................................................................................ 3 Early Childhood Development, Conflict and Peacebuilding ............................................................... 4 SECTION 2: DESIGN AND METHODS ....................................................................................................... 4 Target Countries ................................................................................................................................. 5 Definitions........................................................................................................................................... 6 Research Design................................................................................................................................ 10 Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 11 Methods............................................................................................................................................ 11 SECTION 3 FINDINGS: FOURTEEN CONFLICT AFFECTED COUNTRIES ................................................... 16 Burundi ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Chad .................................................................................................................................................. 21 Côte d’Ivoire ..................................................................................................................................... 25 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) ......................................................................................... 29 Ethiopia ............................................................................................................................................. 33 Liberia ............................................................................................................................................... 38 Myanmar .......................................................................................................................................... 43 Pakistan ............................................................................................................................................ 47 State of Palestine .............................................................................................................................. 52 Sierra Leone ...................................................................................................................................... 57 Somalia ............................................................................................................................................. 63 South Sudan ...................................................................................................................................... 68 Uganda .............................................................................................................................................. 74 Yemen ............................................................................................................................................... 78 1 FINAL REPORT Early Childhood Development and Peacebuilding SECTION 4 FINDINGS: EXEMPLARS AND OPPORTUNITIES .................................................................... 83 Enhancing children’s participatory role in policy ............................................................................. 83 Leveraging early childhood development as a cross-cutting policy issue for peacebuilding ........... 84 Building alliances between early childhood development and peacebuilding ................................ 84 Improving policy implementation, monitoring and evaluation ....................................................... 85 Strengthening the role of children and families ............................................................................... 86 SECTION 5 FINDINGS: POLICY ALIGNMENT WITH RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE ABOUT YOUNG PEOPLE .. 88 Absence, Appropriation and Amplification of Youth Voice .............................................................. 88 Applying a gender lens to youth agency .......................................................................................... 90 Responding to Specific Youth Constituencies .................................................................................. 91 Work‐related Programme Interventions .......................................................................................... 91 Education for Citizenship and Political Participation ........................................................................ 93 History education ............................................................................................................................. 93 Sports interventions ......................................................................................................................... 93 Arts interventions ............................................................................................................................. 93 Intergroup contact interventions ..................................................................................................... 94 Interfaith interventions .................................................................................................................... 95 SECTION 6 SYNTHESIS OF FINDINGS: CHILDREN’S AGENCY AND POLICIES FOR PEACEBUILDING ....... 96 A synthesis matrix ............................................................................................................................. 96 A new conceptual framework and synthesis of findings ................................................................ 105 SECTION 7 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................... 107 Summary of Findings .....................................................................................................................
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