Histoire Des Véhicules Et Des Aventures Solaires
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Digital Twin Modeling of a Solar Car Based on the Hybrid Model Method with Data-Driven and Mechanistic
applied sciences Article Digital Twin Modeling of a Solar Car Based on the Hybrid Model Method with Data-Driven and Mechanistic Luchang Bai, Youtong Zhang *, Hongqian Wei , Junbo Dong and Wei Tian Laboratory of Low Emission Vehicle, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] (L.B.); [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (J.D.); [email protected] (W.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Featured Application: This technology is expected to be used in energy management of new energy vehicles. Abstract: Solar cars are energy-sensitive and affected by many factors. In order to achieve optimal energy management of solar cars, it is necessary to comprehensively characterize the energy flow of vehicular components. To model these components which are hard to formulate, this study stimulates a solar car with the digital twin (DT) technology to accurately characterize energy. Based on the hybrid modeling approach combining mechanistic and data-driven technologies, the DT model of a solar car is established with a designed cloud platform server based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to realize data interaction between physical and virtual entities. The DT model is further modified by the offline optimization data of drive motors, and the energy consumption is evaluated with the DT system in the real-world experiment. Specifically, the energy consumption Citation: Bai, L.; Zhang, Y.; Wei, H.; error between the experiment and simulation is less than 5.17%, which suggests that the established Dong, J.; Tian, W. Digital Twin DT model can accurately stimulate energy consumption. Generally, this study lays the foundation Modeling of a Solar Car Based on the for subsequent performance optimization research. -
Biofuels, Electrofuels, Electric Or Carbon-Free?: a Review of Current
1Biofuels, Electrofuels, Electric or Carbon-free?: A review of current and emerging Sustainable 2Energy Sourcing for Aviation (SESA) 3Pimchanok Su-ungkavatin1*, Ligia Barna1, Lorie Hamelin1 41 Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), INSA, INRAE UMR792, and CNRS UMR5504, Federal University of Toulouse, 135 5Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France 6* Corresponding author e-mail address: [email protected] 7Abstract 8Climate neutrality is becoming a core long-term competitiveness factor within the aviation industry, as demonstrated 9by the several innovations and targets set within that sector, prior to and especially after the COVID-19 crisis. 10Ambitious timelines are set, involving important investment decisions to be taken in a 5-years horizon time. Here, 11we provide an in-depth review of alternative energy sourcing technologies for aviation revealed to date, which we 12classified into three main categories, namely liquid fuels (biofuels, electrofuels), electric aviation (all electric and 13hybrid), and carbon-free options (hydrogen-based, solar-powered). For liquid fuels, 10 pathways were reviewed, for 14which we supply the detailed process flow picturing all input, output, and co-products generated. The market uptake 15and use of these co-products were also investigated, along with the overall international regulations and targets for 16future aviation. As most of the inventoried pathways require hydrogen, we further reviewed six existing and 17emerging carbon-free hydrogen production technologies. Our review also details the five key battery technologies 18available (lithium-ion, advanced lithium-ion, solid-state battery, lithium-sulfur, lithium-air) for aviation, as well as 19the possible configuration schemes for electric propulsion (parallel electric hybrid, series electric hybrid, all electric, 20partial turboelectric and full turboelectric) and reflects upon the inclusion of hydrogen-powered fuel cells with these 21configurations. -
Engineering of Energy Conversion, Summer Semester 2012 Physics Of
April 4, 2009, Updated, April 16, 2012 By I. Kamiya Engineering of Energy Conversion, Summer Semester 2012 Physics of solar cells The principles of operation and fundamental physics How to understand solar cells and other photovoltaics Semiconductor physics & electronics : Topics to be dealt : carrier generation, recombination, transport, … (In principle, will NOT deal with quantum structures) Solar Cell is a “minority carrier” device. p-n junction. Most semiconductor devices are “majority carrier” devices. Basically, how to allow minority carriers to survive & transport. Optics Fundamentals of optics such as reflection, absorption, … If time permits, Photocatalysts, photosynthesis will also be discussed. Lecture notes can be downloaded from http://www.toyota-ti.ac.jp/Lab/Zairyo/QIL-Website/Home-J.html 1 1 Introduction 1.1. Photons In, Electrons Out : The Photovoltaic Effect Photoelectric effect – Albert Einstein 1905 Workfunction of metals : UV light into metal resulting in electron emission Actually, initially observed by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in 1887. UV → cathode → lowering of electronic potential Vacuum pump : Otto von Guericke 1650 Langmuir @ General Electric 1920~40’s Photovoltaic (PV) effect : separation of excited carriers in semiconductors Built-in potential asymmetry p-n junction 1.2. Brief History of the Solar Cell (SC) Reference: Norwegian University of Science and Technology http://org.ntnu.no/solarcells/pages/history.php Photovoltaic Effect 1839 – Alexandre-Edmund Bequerel (Fr) – “The beginning” of the solar cell technology. By illuminating two electrodes coated by light sensitive materials, AgCl or AgBr. With different types of light, and carried out in a black box surrounded by an acid solution. The electricity increased with light intensity. -
East West University Niversity
“Study of the efficiency of different types of solar cells” East West University Prepared By: Nusrat Jahan Afrad ID: 2011-1-55-009 & Rajib Chandra Sutradhar ID: 2011-1-55-017 A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering. Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering East West University Dhaka, Bangladesh Declaration This report on the basis of our thesis paper and its enhancement of studies throughout our thesis work is submitted to follow the terms and conditions of the department of Electronics and Communications Engineering .This report is the requirement for the successive competition of B.Sc. Engineering in Electronics and Communications Engineering. We state that the report along with its literature that has been demonstrated in this report papers, is our own work with the masterly guidance and fruitful assistance of our supervisor for the finalization of our report successfully. Signature: Signature: -------------------------- ……………………………………………. Nusrat Jahan Afrad Rajib Chandra Sutradhar ID: 2011-1-55-009 ID: 2011-1-55-017 Signature of Supervisor: Signature of Chairperson: ----------------------------- ----------------------------- Dr. M.Mofazzal Hossain Phd Dr.Gurudas Mandal Professor, Chairperson & Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Communications Engineering, East West University. East West University. Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh Acknowledgement Incipiently, we would like to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to Dr.M.Mofazzal Hossain for his guidance and invariable support throughout the project effort. We have successfully accomplished the goal of the project due to his tireless and patient monitoring during the time of my project. -
Engineering of Energy Conversion Summer Semester 2011, by I
April 9, 2011 Engineering of Energy Conversion Summer Semester 2011, by I. Kamiya, TTI Physics of solar cells Semiconductor physics & electronics : Topics to be dealt : carrier generation, recombination, transport, … (In principle, will NOT deal with quantum structures) Solar Cell is a “minority carrier” device. p-n junction. Most semiconductor devices are “majority carrier” devices. Basically, how to allow minority carriers to survive & transport. Optics Fundamentals of optics such as reflection, absorption, … If time permits, Photocatalysts, photosynthesis will also be discussed. 1 Introduction 1.1. Photons In, Electrons Out : The Photovoltaic Effect Photoelectric effect – Albert Einstein 1905 Workfunction of metals : UV light into metal resulting in electron emission Actually, initially observed by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in 1887. UV → cathode → lowering of electronic potential Vacuum pump : Otto von Guericke 1650 Langmuir @ General Electric 1920~40’s Photovoltaic (PV) effect : separation of excited carriers in semiconductors Built-in potential asymmetry p-n junction 1 1.2. Brief History of the Solar Cell (SC) Reference: Norwegian University of Science and Technology http://org.ntnu.no/solarcells/pages/history.php Photovoltaic Effect 1839 – Alexandre-Edmund Bequerel (Fr) – “The beginning” of the solar cell technology. By illuminating two electrodes coated by light sensitive materials, AgCl or AgBr. With different types of light, and carried out in a black box surrounded by an acid solution. The electricity increased with light intensity. 1873 – Willoughby Smith (GB) – photoconductivity (PC) of Se 1876 – William Grylls Adams & Richard Evans Day (GB) – PC of Se/Pt contact by sunlight. Very poor efficiency 1894 – Charles Fritts – construction of SC Au/Se/Metal contact. -
Solar Racking Installation for ATN Final Report Fall 2016
1 Solar Racking Installation for an Automated Public Transportation System Solar Engineering Team San Jose State University Mechanical Engineering Department August, 2016 Advisor: Dr. Burford Furman Ron Swenson Eric Hagstrom Eric Rosenfeld Author: 2 Abstract The Sustainable Mobility System for Silicon Valley (SMSSV), also known as the Spartan Superway, is a project to develop a grid-tied solar powered Automated Transit Network (ATN) system. The ATN system will be elevated allowing for traffic and infrastructure below. The ATN system is designed for the vehicles or pods to be hanging from the track, giving the system opportunities for a solar module system on the top of the ATN. Recent work has focused on analyzing the power requirements and designing the solar power system for a potential implementation of ATN in the city of San José. The System Advisor Model (SAM) software from the National Renewable Laboratory (NREL) estimates the POA (plane-of-array) energy available for the ATN network and how much can be used for other applications. Results show to power 88 vehicles over a 14km guideway 24 hours a day requires 19,600 monocrystalline solar panels with an area of 38,000m2. 24/7 and be zero net-metered (on average) over a calendar year. Extensive research determining the boundary condition required for our solar racking system is underway. A design for a racking system utilizing bolts was analyzed showing more 3 difficult maintenance & installation, however cheaper infrastructure. Another design for a semi- automated design was analyzed essentially showing cheaper maintenance & installation, however more expensive infrastructure. Four different designs for semi-automated locking mechanism were created. -
Designing a Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) System in Adjunct with a Silicon Photovoltaic Panel for a Solar Competition Car
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio Institucional Universidad EAFIT Designing a Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) system in adjunct with a silicon photovoltaic panel for a solar competition car Andrés Arias-Rosalesa, Jorge Barrera-Velásqueza, Gilberto Osorio-Gómez*a, Ricardo Mejía- Gutiérreza a Design Engineering Research Group (GRID), Universidad EAFIT, Medellin, Colombia * Corresponding author: [email protected], Other authors’ e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT Solar competition cars are a very interesting research laboratory for the development of new technologies heading to their further implementation in either commercial passenger vehicles or related applications. Besides, worldwide competitions allow the spreading of such ideas where the best and experienced teams bet on innovation and leading edge technologies, in order to develop more efficient vehicles. In these vehicles, some aspects generally make the difference such as aerodynamics, shape, weight, wheels and the main solar panels. Therefore, seeking to innovate in a competitive advantage, the first Colombian solar vehicle “Primavera”, competitor at the World Solar Challenge (WSC)-2013, has implemented the usage of a Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) system as a complementary solar energy module to the common silicon photovoltaic panel. By harvesting sunlight with concentrating optical devices, CPVs are capable of maximizing the allowable photovoltaic area. However, the entire CPV system weight must be less harmful than the benefit of the extra electric energy generated, which in adjunct with added manufacture and design complexity, has intervened in the fact that CPVs had never been implemented in a solar car in such a scale as the one described in this work. -
Home Power #18 • August/September 1990 Home Power
Support HP Advertisers! REAL GOODS AD FULL PAGE 2 Home Power #18 • August/September 1990 Home Power THE HANDS-ON JOURNAL OF HOME-MADE POWER People Contents Albert Bates From Us to You- Oregon Country Fair - 4 Sam Coleman Lane S. Garrett Solar Vehicles– 1990 American Tour de Sol – 7 Chris Greacen Electric Vehicles– The Shocking Truth – 11 Nancy Hazard Scott Hening PVs– The State of the PV Industry – 15 Kathleen Jarschke-Schultze Systems– Alternative Power on a Crusing Sailboat – 16 Stan Krute William Oldfield Systems– Remote Area Power Systems in New Zealand – 21 David MacKay Code Corner– The Shocking Story of Grounding – 26 Karen Perez Richard Perez Things that Work! – The Select-A-Tenna – 28 John Pryor Bob-O Schultze Wiring– Specing PV Wiring – 31 Ann Schuyler HP Subscription Form – 33 Wally Skyrman Gary Starr Basic Electric– How to Solder – 35 Toby Talbot Happenings – Renewable Energy Events - 39 Michael Traugot Larisa Walk Energy Fairs– Updates and Reports – 40 John Wiles System Shorties– Quickies from HP Readers – 44 Issue Printing by Valley Web, Medford, OR Homebrew – Shunt Regulator & Q-H Lamp Conversion – 46 Books– Essential and Entertaining RE Reading – 49 Legal While Home Power Magazine strives INDEX– Index to HP#12 through HP#17 – 50 for clarity and accuracy, we assume no responsibility or liability for the usage of Glossary– Definitions of Home Power Terms – 52 this information. the Wizard Speaks & Writing for HP - 56 Copyright © 1990 by Home Power Magazine, POB 130, Hornbrook, CA Letters to Home Power – 57 96044-0130. All rights reserved. Contents may not Home Power's Business - 63 be reprinted or otherwise reproduced without written permission . -
TOWN of PETERBOROUGH Photovoltaic Project Proposal
Application to the New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission June 2013 TOWN OF PETERBOROUGH Photovoltaic Project Proposal 6/7/2013 Letter of Transmittal Borrego Solar, with its NH headquarters in Peterborough, NH, has teamed up with the Town of Peterborough to develop a 947kW ground mounted PV array to be located at the Peterborough Waste Water Treatment Facility (WWTF). The NH PUC has clearly stated that two of the most important selection criteria factors are the project’s likelihood to expand the production capacity of renewable energy facilities in NH (including REC qualification) and the capacity of the team to successfully complete the initiative. After reading our proposal we hope you will share our belief that our team is extremely qualified and has the experience and expertise to complete this project. This solar project will be a class I REC producing site, generating an estimated 1,150 REC’s in the first year. Borrego Solar has provided a detailed production estimate using the industry standard PVSyst software. Borrego Solar has essentially written the book on production estimating – see SolarPro article – Exhibit E. Our fleet of systems has historically produced at 103% of estimated production, and we will have a production guarantee in our PPA with the Town of Peterborough. That guarantee includes damages should the system under-perform, which ensures our commitment to hitting the annual production estimates. The Town of Peterborough has recently completed a state of the art WWTF at 58 Water Street. The new facility eliminates the need to have several acres of holding ponds. The waste from the ponds will be removed, and the ponds will be filled in. -
Solar Car Faqs Day 1, 7:00 AM – Batteries Are Released from ASC 2010 Would Not Be Possible Without Our Volunteers
www.americansolarchallenge.org INNOVATORS EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION The Innovators Educational Foundation (IEF) is a non-profit 501c3 organization Become a Sponsor Now that was formed in the fall of 2009 to carry on the American Solar Challenge for the 2011-2012 season mission. IEF currently hosts two events: Formula Sun Grand Prix, a solar car track * Multiple corporate donation event, and the American Solar Challenge, levels and opportunities the solar car road event. * Host the start / finish line A core group of dedicated volunteers, dinner to speak to all the teams mostly former competitors, provide the engine for IEF. They know first-hand the * Showcase your company on value of a hands-on, multidisciplinary, in-kind product donations innovative project to the education experience. * Individual donations accepted securely through the website In addition to experiential learning, www.americansolarchallenge.org these solar car events promote energy efficiency and raise public awareness of the capabilities of solar power. Contact Us Innovators Educational Foundation We appreciate your interest in the sport PO Box 2368 of solar car “raycing” and look forward to Rolla, MO 65402 seeing you on the road! [email protected] Support all of the teams with your donation to IEF! On behalf of the teams, staff, and sponsors, “Tour of the Midwest” FINISH welcome to the 2010 Naperville Sunday, June 20 – Saturday, June 26 American Solar Challenge! Broken Arrow, OK to Naperville, IL Normal Beginning with Sunrayce 1990, this year marks the 20th anniversary of solar car raycing events in North America. Designs and Topeka technologies have evolved over the years Jefferson Alton and these teams continue to show just how far City a solar car can go. -
Mit Solar Electric Vehicle Team
MIT SOLAR ELECTRIC VEHICLE TEAM The MIT Solar Electric Vehicle Team (SEVT) TEAM GOALS: is a student organization dedicated to • Facilitate continuous demonstrating the viability of alternative innovation and deve- energy-based transportation. The team was lopment in all fields founded in 1985 and since 1993 has worked related to solar under the auspices of MIT’s Edgerton electric vehicles Center. through international participation and We build each vehicle from the ground competition up, allowing us to apply our theoretical knowledge while gaining hands-on • Give our sponsors manufacturing experience and project publicity through management skills. Team members work positive exposure and with professors and industry to overcome press coverage. the design and fabrication challenges • Provide members of inherent to this complex project. Since the MIT community its creation, the SEVT has built nearly 15 with incomparable vehicles and competed successfully in experience in engin- national and international races, most eering, management, recently the 2015 World Solar Challenge in marketing, and Austrailia. We are currently constructing business. our newest race vehicle for competition in the 2017 World Solar Challenge. • Be active in the com- munity, promoting We share our enthusiasm for applied alternative energy and engineering and renewable technologies by transportation. actively reaching out to local schools and • Inspire children the Greater Boston community. Through to pursue careers our interactions, we hope to educate in science and the public about alternative energy and engineering. transportation, as well as inspire the next generations of innovators. WHAT IS SOLAR RACING? In a solar car race, highly specialized Each solar car is accompanied by provement in efficiency and perfor- vehicles that run entirely on solar lead and chase vehicles to provide mance of their vehicles. -
VIPV Position Paper Final Version.Pdf
VIPV Position Paper Vehicle-integrated Photovoltaics (VIPV) as a core source for electricity in road transport Lightyear One, 2019 Content 1. Political Context............................................................................................................................... 1 2. Introduction to the VIPV Market ..................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Passenger Cars ............................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Light- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles ..................................................................................................... 5 3. The Motivation for VIPV .................................................................................................................. 6 3.1 General Benefits of VIPV ............................................................................................................... 6 3.2 VIPV Energy Flow Model ............................................................................................................... 8 3.3 Environmental Benefits in Comparison to the German Grid Mix ................................................. 9 4. Requirements and To-Dos for VIPV ............................................................................................... 11 4.1 Important Selection Criteria for VIPV .......................................................................................... 11 4.2 Technological Requirements