Solar Power in Building Design
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Applicant Design Process for Developer's Substructure Work
Applicant Design Process for Developer’s Substructure Work ISSUING DIVISION: Electric Engineering Signed by ____Kevin Keating____ SVP SPONSOR: Kevin Keating, Manager Date Signed ___16 July, 2018____ Revision: 0 Sheet 1 of 10 SECTION: Commercial Industrial Design SD 1010 Scope of Standard ........................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of Revision ........................................................................................................................ 2 References ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Rescissions ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Definition of Terms ......................................................................................................................... 3 Background ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Applicant Design Process ............................................................................................................... 4 Applicant Design Process Flow ...................................................................................................... 5 Concurrent Planning and Building Permit Review ......................................................................... 7 Applicant Design -
The Invention of the Transistor
The invention of the transistor Michael Riordan Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 Lillian Hoddeson Department of History, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Conyers Herring Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 [S0034-6861(99)00302-5] Arguably the most important invention of the past standing of solid-state physics. We conclude with an century, the transistor is often cited as the exemplar of analysis of the impact of this breakthrough upon the how scientific research can lead to useful commercial discipline itself. products. Emerging in 1947 from a Bell Telephone Laboratories program of basic research on the physics I. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS of solids, it began to replace vacuum tubes in the 1950s and eventually spawned the integrated circuit and The quantum theory of solids was fairly well estab- microprocessor—the heart of a semiconductor industry lished by the mid-1930s, when semiconductors began to now generating annual sales of more than $150 billion. be of interest to industrial scientists seeking solid-state These solid-state electronic devices are what have put alternatives to vacuum-tube amplifiers and electrome- computers in our laps and on desktops and permitted chanical relays. Based on the work of Felix Bloch, Ru- them to communicate with each other over telephone dolf Peierls, and Alan Wilson, there was an established networks around the globe. The transistor has aptly understanding of the band structure of electron energies been called the ‘‘nerve cell’’ of the Information Age. in ideal crystals (Hoddeson, Baym, and Eckert, 1987; Actually the history of this invention is far more in- Hoddeson et al., 1992). -
A HISTORY of the SOLAR CELL, in PATENTS Karthik Kumar, Ph.D
A HISTORY OF THE SOLAR CELL, IN PATENTS Karthik Kumar, Ph.D., Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP 901 New York Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001 [email protected] Member, Artificial Intelligence & Other Emerging Technologies Committee Intellectual Property Owners Association 1501 M St. N.W., Suite 1150, Washington, D.C. 20005 [email protected] Introduction Solar cell technology has seen exponential growth over the last two decades. It has evolved from serving small-scale niche applications to being considered a mainstream energy source. For example, worldwide solar photovoltaic capacity had grown to 512 Gigawatts by the end of 2018 (representing 27% growth from 2017)1. In 1956, solar panels cost roughly $300 per watt. By 1975, that figure had dropped to just over $100 a watt. Today, a solar panel can cost as little as $0.50 a watt. Several countries are edging towards double-digit contribution to their electricity needs from solar technology, a trend that by most accounts is forecast to continue into the foreseeable future. This exponential adoption has been made possible by 180 years of continuing technological innovation in this industry. Aided by patent protection, this centuries-long technological innovation has steadily improved solar energy conversion efficiency while lowering volume production costs. That history is also littered with the names of some of the foremost scientists and engineers to walk this earth. In this article, we review that history, as captured in the patents filed contemporaneously with the technological innovation. 1 Wiki-Solar, Utility-scale solar in 2018: Still growing thanks to Australia and other later entrants, https://wiki-solar.org/library/public/190314_Utility-scale_solar_in_2018.pdf (Mar. -
Solar Cells from Selenium to Sihcon: Powering the Future. Part 2 by C M Meyer, Technical Journalist
GENERATION Solar cells from selenium to sihcon: Powering the future. Part 2 by C M Meyer, technical journalist An amazingly simple device, capable of performing efficiently nearly all the functions of an ordinary vacuum tube, was demonstrated for the first time yesterday at Bell Telephone Laboratories where it was invented. Known as the transistor, the device works on an entirely new physical principle discovered by the laboratories in the course of fundamental research into the electrical properties of solids.” Press release from Bell Telephone Laboratories announcing the first transistor, 1 July 1948 (Ref.6). The very first photoelectric cell was a pretty crude device. It was basically a large, thin layer of selenium that had been spread onto a copper metal plate, and covered with a thin, semitransparent gold-leaf film. Even by February 1953, the efficiency of such selenium cells was not very high: only a little less than 0,5%. Small wonder then that a more efficient substitute was needed. So it is hardly surprising that scientists working for Bell Telephone Laboratory, many on commercialising the newly discovered transistor, were aware of this need. One of them, Daryl Chapin, had begun work on the problem of providing small amounts of intermittent power in remote humid locations. His research originally had nothing to do with solar power, and involved wind machines, thermoelectric generators and small steam engines. At his suggestion, solar power was included in his research, almost as an afterthought. After obtaining disappointing results with a The first attempt to launch a satellite with the Vanguard rocket on 6 December 1957. -
Sharp's 100-Year History: Company Information
Corporate Profile / Major Bases in Japan and Abroad 8 9 Name 26 3#! Europe Group Sales company in Australia Sharp Corporation 10 27 3#.: 11 Sales company in New Zealand Head Office 1 2 22-22 Nagaike-cho, Abeno-ku, 3 3%#, 28 Osaka 545-8522, Japan 4 Sales company in Canada 31 28 29 Tel: +81-6-6621-1221 5 7 3%# 6 29 Representatives 20 32 North & South Sales company in the US China Group 30 America Group Mikio Katayama, Chairman 3-#! 13 21 33 30 Takashi Okuda, President Manufacturing division of SEC Middle East and Africa Group 12 22 23 14 34 3,! Operations 31 16 24 Sharp Laboratories of America Consumer/Information Products 15 18 s!UDIO 6ISUALAND#OMMUNICATION%QUIPMENT 2ECURRENT%NERGY ,,# 17 ASEAN Group 32 Solar power plant development LCD color TVs, color TVs, projectors, DVD 19 company in the US recorders, Blu-ray Disc recorders, Blu-ray 25 3%-%8 Disc players, mobile phones, mobile 33 Manufacturing company in Mexico communications handsets, electronic dictionaries, calculators, facsimiles, 3#-%8 35 34 telephones Sales company in Mexico s(EALTHAND%NVIRONMENTAL%QUIPMENT 3"#$ 35 Refrigerators, superheated steam ovens, 26 Sales company in Brazil 27 microwave ovens, air conditioners, washing -AJOR/VERSEAS"ASES machines, vacuum cleaners, air purifiers, dehumidifiers, humidifiers, electric heaters, 3%% -AJOR"ASESIN*APAN 1 3%. 323 22 32( small cooking appliances, Plasmacluster European headquarters 10 Sales company in Sweden Sales company in Singapore Sales company in Hong Kong Ion generators, LED lights, solar-powered 19 35+ 3%2 3%3, 3%#4 11 LED -
High Energy Yield Bifacial-IBC Solar Cells Enabled by Poly-Siox Carrier Selective Passivating Contacts
High energy yield Bifacial-IBC solar cells enabled by poly-SiOx carrier selective passivating contacts Zakaria Asalieh TU Delft i High energy yield Bifacial-IBC solar cells enabled by poly-SiOX carrier selective passivating contacts By Zakaria Asalieh in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the Delft University of Technology, to be defended publicly on Thursday April 1, 2021 at 15:00 Supervisor: Asso. Prof. dr. Olindo Isabella Dr. Guangtao Yang Thesis committee: Assoc. Prof. dr. Olindo Isabella, TU Delft (ESE-PVMD) Prof. dr. Miro Zeman, TU Delft (ESE-PVMD) Dr. Massimo Mastrangeli, TU Delft (ECTM) Dr. Guangtao Yang, TU Delft (ESE,PVMD) ii iii Conference Abstract Evaluation and demonstration of bifacial-IBC solar cells featuring poly-Si alloy passivating contacts- Guangtao Yang, Zakaria Asalieh, Paul Procel, YiFeng Zhao, Can Han, Luana Mazzarella, Miro Zeman, Olindo Isabella – EUPVSEC 2021 iv v Acknowledgement First, I would like to express my gratitude to Dr Olindo Isabella for giving me the opportunity to work with his group. He is one of the main reasons why I chose to do my master thesis in the PVMD group. After finishing my internship on solar cells, he recommended me to join the thesis projects event where I decided to work on this interesting thesis topic. I cannot forget his support when my family and I had the Covid-19 virus. Second, I'd like to thank my daily supervisor Dr Guangtao Yang, despite supervising multiple MSc students, was able to provide me with all of the necessary guidance during this work. -
Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives
Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 1 2 Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California: Quality Careers—Cleaner Lives Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 3 About the Author Peter Philips (B.A. Pomona College, M.A., Ph.D. Stanford University) is a Professor of Economics and former Chair of the Economics Department at the University of Utah. Philips is a leading economic expert on the U.S. construction labor market. He has published widely on the topic and has testified as an expert in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, served as an expert for the U.S. Justice Department in litigation concerning the Davis-Bacon Act (the federal prevailing wage law), and presented testimony to state legislative committees in Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Utah, Kentucky, Connecticut, and California regarding the regulations of construction labor markets. -
Engineering of Energy Conversion, Summer Semester 2012 Physics Of
April 4, 2009, Updated, April 16, 2012 By I. Kamiya Engineering of Energy Conversion, Summer Semester 2012 Physics of solar cells The principles of operation and fundamental physics How to understand solar cells and other photovoltaics Semiconductor physics & electronics : Topics to be dealt : carrier generation, recombination, transport, … (In principle, will NOT deal with quantum structures) Solar Cell is a “minority carrier” device. p-n junction. Most semiconductor devices are “majority carrier” devices. Basically, how to allow minority carriers to survive & transport. Optics Fundamentals of optics such as reflection, absorption, … If time permits, Photocatalysts, photosynthesis will also be discussed. Lecture notes can be downloaded from http://www.toyota-ti.ac.jp/Lab/Zairyo/QIL-Website/Home-J.html 1 1 Introduction 1.1. Photons In, Electrons Out : The Photovoltaic Effect Photoelectric effect – Albert Einstein 1905 Workfunction of metals : UV light into metal resulting in electron emission Actually, initially observed by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in 1887. UV → cathode → lowering of electronic potential Vacuum pump : Otto von Guericke 1650 Langmuir @ General Electric 1920~40’s Photovoltaic (PV) effect : separation of excited carriers in semiconductors Built-in potential asymmetry p-n junction 1.2. Brief History of the Solar Cell (SC) Reference: Norwegian University of Science and Technology http://org.ntnu.no/solarcells/pages/history.php Photovoltaic Effect 1839 – Alexandre-Edmund Bequerel (Fr) – “The beginning” of the solar cell technology. By illuminating two electrodes coated by light sensitive materials, AgCl or AgBr. With different types of light, and carried out in a black box surrounded by an acid solution. The electricity increased with light intensity. -
East West University Niversity
“Study of the efficiency of different types of solar cells” East West University Prepared By: Nusrat Jahan Afrad ID: 2011-1-55-009 & Rajib Chandra Sutradhar ID: 2011-1-55-017 A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering. Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering East West University Dhaka, Bangladesh Declaration This report on the basis of our thesis paper and its enhancement of studies throughout our thesis work is submitted to follow the terms and conditions of the department of Electronics and Communications Engineering .This report is the requirement for the successive competition of B.Sc. Engineering in Electronics and Communications Engineering. We state that the report along with its literature that has been demonstrated in this report papers, is our own work with the masterly guidance and fruitful assistance of our supervisor for the finalization of our report successfully. Signature: Signature: -------------------------- ……………………………………………. Nusrat Jahan Afrad Rajib Chandra Sutradhar ID: 2011-1-55-009 ID: 2011-1-55-017 Signature of Supervisor: Signature of Chairperson: ----------------------------- ----------------------------- Dr. M.Mofazzal Hossain Phd Dr.Gurudas Mandal Professor, Chairperson & Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Communications Engineering, East West University. East West University. Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh Acknowledgement Incipiently, we would like to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to Dr.M.Mofazzal Hossain for his guidance and invariable support throughout the project effort. We have successfully accomplished the goal of the project due to his tireless and patient monitoring during the time of my project. -
Turkey Lake Feasibility Study
A Comprehensive Solar Energy Power System for the Turkey Lake Service Plaza Contract #: BDK75-977-18 7 January 2010 Project Research Team Charles J. Kibert, Ph.D., P.E., Principal Investigator S.A. Sherif, Ph.D. Robert Ries, Ph.D. Edward Minchin, Ph.D., P.E. Russell Walters, Ph.D., P.E. Lauren Hertel Consultant Al Simpler, President, Simpler Solar, Inc. Research Assistants Kevin Priest Jason Sanders Sean Snowden Srikanth Madala Milind Gholap 01/07/2010 iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Florida Turnpike Enterprise (FTE) has the bold vision of maximizing the use of renewable energy in their operations and potentially supplying all the energy needs of their facilities via solar technologies. To determine the technical and financial feasibility of executing this vision, the FTE selected the Turkey Lake Service Plaza on the Florida Turnpike for a case study to explore this potential shift to renewable energy sources. A University of Florida research team collaborated with FTE and Florida Department of Transportation staff to examine contemporary solar technologies, particularly solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, for their potential to meet the energy needs of the Turkey Lake Service Plaza. The scope of the research included: 1. Evaluation of Solar Electric (PV), Solar Thermal (hot water), and Solar Lighting systems. 2. Assessment of the renewable energy generation potential of the Service Plaza. 3. Designing and planning of photovoltaic systems to determine the energy output. 4. Identification of innovative financing options. 5. Development of a marketing and education concept for the project. The research team concluded that by implementing the Net Zero Energy scenario, the annual electrical energy needs of all the facilities at the Turkey Lake Service Plaza could be met. -
CSPV Solar Cells and Modules from China
Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells and Modules from China Investigation Nos. 701-TA-481 and 731-TA-1190 (Preliminary) Publication 4295 December 2011 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission COMMISSIONERS Deanna Tanner Okun, Chairman Irving A. Williamson, Vice Chairman Charlotte R. Lane Daniel R. Pearson Shara L. Aranoff Dean A. Pinkert Robert B. Koopman Acting Director of Operations Staff assigned Christopher Cassise, Senior Investigator Andrew David, Industry Analyst Nannette Christ, Economist Samantha Warrington, Economist Charles Yost, Accountant Gracemary Roth-Roffy, Attorney Lemuel Shields, Statistician Jim McClure, Supervisory Investigator Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells and Modules from China Investigation Nos. 701-TA-481 and 731-TA-1190 (Preliminary) Publication 4295 December 2011 C O N T E N T S Page Determinations.................................................................. 1 Views of the Commission ......................................................... 3 Separate Views of Commission Charlotte R. Lane ...................................... 31 Part I: Introduction ............................................................ I-1 Background .................................................................. I-1 Organization of report......................................................... -
Engineering of Energy Conversion Summer Semester 2011, by I
April 9, 2011 Engineering of Energy Conversion Summer Semester 2011, by I. Kamiya, TTI Physics of solar cells Semiconductor physics & electronics : Topics to be dealt : carrier generation, recombination, transport, … (In principle, will NOT deal with quantum structures) Solar Cell is a “minority carrier” device. p-n junction. Most semiconductor devices are “majority carrier” devices. Basically, how to allow minority carriers to survive & transport. Optics Fundamentals of optics such as reflection, absorption, … If time permits, Photocatalysts, photosynthesis will also be discussed. 1 Introduction 1.1. Photons In, Electrons Out : The Photovoltaic Effect Photoelectric effect – Albert Einstein 1905 Workfunction of metals : UV light into metal resulting in electron emission Actually, initially observed by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in 1887. UV → cathode → lowering of electronic potential Vacuum pump : Otto von Guericke 1650 Langmuir @ General Electric 1920~40’s Photovoltaic (PV) effect : separation of excited carriers in semiconductors Built-in potential asymmetry p-n junction 1 1.2. Brief History of the Solar Cell (SC) Reference: Norwegian University of Science and Technology http://org.ntnu.no/solarcells/pages/history.php Photovoltaic Effect 1839 – Alexandre-Edmund Bequerel (Fr) – “The beginning” of the solar cell technology. By illuminating two electrodes coated by light sensitive materials, AgCl or AgBr. With different types of light, and carried out in a black box surrounded by an acid solution. The electricity increased with light intensity. 1873 – Willoughby Smith (GB) – photoconductivity (PC) of Se 1876 – William Grylls Adams & Richard Evans Day (GB) – PC of Se/Pt contact by sunlight. Very poor efficiency 1894 – Charles Fritts – construction of SC Au/Se/Metal contact.