DOCSLIB.ORG

Turkey Lake Feasibility Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Turkey Lake Feasibility Study A Comprehensive Solar Energy Power System for the Turkey Lake Service Plaza Contract #: BDK75-977-18 7 January 2010 Project Research Team Charles J. Kibert, Ph.D., P.E., Principal Investigator S.A. Sherif, Ph.D. Robert Ries, Ph.D. Edward Minchin, Ph.D., P.E. Russell Walters, Ph.D., P.E. Lauren Hertel Consultant Al Simpler, President, Simpler Solar, Inc. Research Assistants Kevin Priest Jason Sanders Sean Snowden Srikanth Madala Milind Gholap 01/07/2010 iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Florida Turnpike Enterprise (FTE) has the bold vision of maximizing the use of renewable energy in their operations and potentially supplying all the energy needs of their facilities via solar technologies. To determine the technical and financial feasibility of executing this vision, the FTE selected the Turkey Lake Service Plaza on the Florida Turnpike for a case study to explore this potential shift to renewable energy sources. A University of Florida research team collaborated with FTE and Florida Department of Transportation staff to examine contemporary solar technologies, particularly solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, for their potential to meet the energy needs of the Turkey Lake Service Plaza. The scope of the research included: 1. Evaluation of Solar Electric (PV), Solar Thermal (hot water), and Solar Lighting systems. 2. Assessment of the renewable energy generation potential of the Service Plaza. 3. Designing and planning of photovoltaic systems to determine the energy output. 4. Identification of innovative financing options. 5. Development of a marketing and education concept for the project. The research team concluded that by implementing the Net Zero Energy scenario, the annual electrical energy needs of all the facilities at the Turkey Lake Service Plaza could be met. The Net Zero Energy scenario is defined as meeting all the electrical energy needs of a facility over a year and requiring no monthly electrical utility payment. A Maximum Energy scenario would generate substantial excess electrical energy and possibly additional revenue. A Maximum Energy scenario is defined as installing photovoltaic systems in or on all available areas on the Turkey Lake Service Plaza, including noise walls on the northeast side of the Turnpike within one mile of the Plaza. The research team concluded that when all available areas for mounting photovoltaic systems were utilized, about 2 ½ times the Net Zero Energy scenario energy would be generated. There are two basic ownership options for both the Net Zero Energy and Maximum Energy scenarios: FTE Ownership or the Lease Option. The analysis of the financial feasibility found that if a private developer, defined as a utility or other company engaged in providing solar photovoltaic systems, partnered with FTE to install a Solar Photovoltaic system, it would be feasible for a system to be installed at no cost to the FTE, provided agreements regarding power purchase and other issues are successfully addressed. If the FTE were to own the photovoltaic systems installed at the Service Plaza, the revenue from the value of the energy generated, up to the actual energy consumed on a monthly basis, would be the major source of revenue to pay for the system. The capital cost of the system would be derived from a bond issue that would be paid back over a predetermined period of time. For the Net Zero Energy scenario and FTE ownership, a feasible PV system of about 3.8 megawatts (MW) of peak power would cost $20.4 million. With an annual energy value of about $523,000 and carbon mitigation valued at about $83,000, a 20-year bond of about $9.5 million 01/07/2010 v could be created. The study proceeded on the assumption that some revenue, about 25% of the total requirement, could be created through sponsorships. A total of $17.3 million of revenue based on a 20-year life cycle would be available, resulting in a shortfall of about $3.1 million that would have to be funded from FTE or FDOT resources. For the Maximum Energy scenario and FTE ownership, the system costs for a 9.15 MW system would be about $53.8 million. Based on an annual energy value of $1.3 million per year and annual carbon mitigation value of about $213,000, a 20-year bond valued at $24.4 million could be created. With 25% of the total cost being attributed to sponsorships, total funding of about $44.9 million could be made available, a shortfall of about $8.9 million dollars. The Lease Option assumes a developer such as a utility of other entity would fund the installation. Due to current tax policy, ARRA 2009 support, and other favorable conditions, the net cost is about breakeven for a 20 year life cycle, assuming bonus depreciation is available. This is true for both the Net Zero Energy scenario and Maximum Energy scenario. For the Net Zero Energy scenario the system cost is about $20.4 million with revenue of $20.1 million over a 20-year life cycle. For the Maximum Energy scenario, the cost of the system is about $53.8 million, with revenue of about $52.5 million. The analysis did use conservative assumptions with respect to systems cost. Each developer makes different assumptions on costs and return on investment and each has different buying power. For example, Florida Power & Light is developing several large solar installations around the state and their cost per peak watt is relatively low. Initial discussions with the development community indicates they are interested in pursuing the type of installation described here, preferably the Maximum Power scenario. The research team highly recommends the Turkey Lake Service Plaza be developed into a Solar Destination. It would be a location where someone could experience renewable energy firsthand by observing and interacting with various solar installations, including the large scale installation that would power the Turkey Lake Service Plaza. The marketing portion of this research defined objectives for a campaign, including public awareness of the project before, during, and after the construction of the solar installation. A Solar Walk showcasing innovations like solar umbrellas, solar trees, solar shades, solar electric vehicles, solar charging stations, solar artwork and solar sculptures could serve to stimulate public interest in solar technologies. Public and private sponsors should be included in the project to help promote solar energy as well. It was the conclusion of the marketing and education portion of this research that the Turkey Lake Service Plaza Solar Energy project could serve to greatly increase public awareness of solar technology, its applications to their homes and businesses, and how to finance solar installations. In conclusion, under present market conditions, with low equipment and construction costs, favorable tax advantages, ARRA 2009 support, and with a partnership between the FTE and a private developer could provide a route for financing either the Net Zero Energy or Maximum Energy scenarios. Timely decision making about installing the Turkey Lake Service Plaza solar power system is important because some of the financial options begin to expire at the end of 01/07/2010 vi 2009, while other options will expire at the end of 2010. A project at the Turkey Lake Service Plaza that implements this research has the potential to stimulate the transformation of Florida’s energy infrastructure. The research team’s conclusion is that installing a Solar Energy system at Turkey Lake Service Plaza would have multiple benefits for the state and its citizens and the likelihood of success is very high. 01/07/2010 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS page COVER PAGE................................................................................................................................. i TITLE SHEET ............................................................................................................................... iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTERS 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................1 2 SOLAR TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT.............................................................................13 3 SYSTEM SELECTION AND DESIGN ALTERNATIVES ..................................................47 4 SITE ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES ...........................................................79 5 INNOVATIVE FINANCING OPTIONS ...............................................................................89 6 MARKETING AND EDUCATION .....................................................................................111 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................145 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................153 APPENDICES A SOLAR TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE MATERIALS ....................................................157 B SYSTEM SELECTION AND DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS .................................................159 C INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES ............................................................................................171 D INNOVATIVE FINANCING
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sharp's 100-Year History: Company Information
    Corporate Profile / Major Bases in Japan and Abroad 8 9 Name 26 3#! Europe Group Sales company in Australia Sharp Corporation 10 27 3#.: 11 Sales company in New Zealand Head Office 1 2 22-22 Nagaike-cho, Abeno-ku, 3 3%#, 28 Osaka 545-8522, Japan 4 Sales company in Canada 31 28 29 Tel: +81-6-6621-1221 5 7 3%# 6 29 Representatives 20 32 North & South Sales company in the US China Group 30 America Group Mikio Katayama, Chairman 3-#! 13 21 33 30 Takashi Okuda, President Manufacturing division of SEC Middle East and Africa Group 12 22 23 14 34 3,! Operations 31 16 24 Sharp Laboratories of America Consumer/Information Products 15 18 s!UDIO 6ISUALAND#OMMUNICATION%QUIPMENT 2ECURRENT%NERGY ,,# 17 ASEAN Group 32 Solar power plant development LCD color TVs, color TVs, projectors, DVD 19 company in the US recorders, Blu-ray Disc recorders, Blu-ray 25 3%-%8 Disc players, mobile phones, mobile 33 Manufacturing company in Mexico communications handsets, electronic dictionaries, calculators, facsimiles, 3#-%8 35 34 telephones Sales company in Mexico s(EALTHAND%NVIRONMENTAL%QUIPMENT 3"#$ 35 Refrigerators, superheated steam ovens, 26 Sales company in Brazil 27 microwave ovens, air conditioners, washing -AJOR/VERSEAS"ASES machines, vacuum cleaners, air purifiers, dehumidifiers, humidifiers, electric heaters, 3%% -AJOR"ASESIN*APAN 1 3%. 323 22 32( small cooking appliances, Plasmacluster European headquarters 10 Sales company in Sweden Sales company in Singapore Sales company in Hong Kong Ion generators, LED lights, solar-powered 19 35+ 3%2 3%3, 3%#4 11 LED
    [Show full text]
  • CSPV Solar Cells and Modules from China
    Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells and Modules from China Investigation Nos. 701-TA-481 and 731-TA-1190 (Preliminary) Publication 4295 December 2011 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission COMMISSIONERS Deanna Tanner Okun, Chairman Irving A. Williamson, Vice Chairman Charlotte R. Lane Daniel R. Pearson Shara L. Aranoff Dean A. Pinkert Robert B. Koopman Acting Director of Operations Staff assigned Christopher Cassise, Senior Investigator Andrew David, Industry Analyst Nannette Christ, Economist Samantha Warrington, Economist Charles Yost, Accountant Gracemary Roth-Roffy, Attorney Lemuel Shields, Statistician Jim McClure, Supervisory Investigator Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells and Modules from China Investigation Nos. 701-TA-481 and 731-TA-1190 (Preliminary) Publication 4295 December 2011 C O N T E N T S Page Determinations.................................................................. 1 Views of the Commission ......................................................... 3 Separate Views of Commission Charlotte R. Lane ...................................... 31 Part I: Introduction ............................................................ I-1 Background .................................................................. I-1 Organization of report.........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program FY 2005 Annual
    DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program Cover Photos (clockwise from lower right): On August 8, 2005, President George W. Bush visited the National Solar Thermal Test Facility at Sandia National Laboratories as part of his signing of the Energy Bill. R.J. Montoya Photo National Renewable Energy Laboratory researchers use a computer-controlled data acquisition system at the laboratory’s Outdoor Test Facility to characterize the performance and reliability of PV cells and modules. Jim Yost, PIX14094 A Cornell University student cleans the solar-powered rooftop of his team’s entry in preparation for the 2005 Solar Decathlon competition in Washington, D.C. Stefano Paltera/Solar Decathlon Global Solar Energy, a member of the Thin Film PV Partnership, produces PV material by depositing CIGS (copper indium gallium diselenide) on a lightweight, flexible polymide substrate in roll form. Global Solar Energy, PIX13419 The DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program Raymond A. Sutula, Manager, DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program The Solar Energy Technologies Program, within the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), is responsible for developing solar energy technologies that can convert sunlight to useful energy and make that energy available to satisfy a significant portion of our nation's energy needs in a cost-effective way. The Solar Program supports research and development that addresses a wide range of applications, including on- site electricity generation, thermal energy for space heating and hot water, and large-scale power production. This is a great time to be involved with solar energy. Photovoltaic (PV) systems are being installed in the United States and around the world in unprecedented quantities.
    [Show full text]
  • LG Modules World Class When It Comes to PID Resistance LG Solar
    LG Solar - Quality & Reliability for the Future LG’s focus on quality control sits at the heart of our manufacturing philosophy. This quality-first philosophy has been developed through decades of creating top class electronic equipment. Today LG Electronics has a team of more than one hundred engineers working in solar research and development. Our module manufacturing plant located in Gumi, Korea uses the latest state-of-the-art equipment to manufacture solar panels that deliver product reliability and high performance for decades to come. It means every component from PV cells to glass and framing undergoes individual performance testing and separate quality control. If the quality of any component does not meet our industry leading standards, then it will not be used. LG’s Mono X™ range has been a huge success in the market and proven to be an investment in superior standards of design, manufacture, back up support and warranties. LG Solar’s high quality has been further proven when our previous model, LG Multi X, passed independent quality testing conducted by Fraunhofer Centre. Full details and results of the report are highlighted below where LG was proud to be one of four manufacturers to not show any degradation after being subjected to high voltage stress testing. LG Modules world class when it comes to PID resistance Outstanding quality and reliability make LG one of only four manufacturers from 13 leading module manufacturers to pass the German Fraunhofer Centre for Silicon Photovoltaics (CSP) high-voltage stress test with zero degradation. Early in 2012 the world renowned Fraunhofer Centre performed an accelerated high voltage test to characterize the PID susceptibility of commercial solar modules.
    [Show full text]
  • Sentimental Journey the Long, Winding Road to a Renewable Energy Future
    EYE ON THE MARKET • ENERGY OUTLOOK 2016 Sentimental Journey The long, winding road to a renewable energy future J.P. MORGAN PRIVATE BANK On a sentimental journey, some of the images you recall seeing were real, some were based in reality but weren’t exactly what you thought they were, and others existed only in the realm of your imagination. This year’s topics include a status report on renewable energy penetration compared to some prior forecasts, a look at New York’s ambitious conservation and renewable energy plan, the latest on electric cars, the potential for more hydropower in the US, the commodity super-cycle and oil prices in 2017, and how utilities in sunny US states are changing their customer billing as distributed solar power grows. EYE ON THE MARKET • MICHAEL CEMBALEST • J.P. MORGAN Sentimental Journey: the long, winding road to a renewable energy future June 2016 The journey to a renewable energy future is taking longer than many analysts and agencies expected. How so? The solid line in the first chart shows the percentage of US primary energy1 derived from renewable sources, alongside some over-optimistic prior forecasts2. Similarly, most forecasts for nd electric vehicles (EVs and plug-in hybrid vehicles) have been too high as well, as shown in the 2 chart. The share of US primary energy coming from renewable Another generation of electric car projections out of sources, and some notable forecasts sync with reality, EV+PHEV sales as % of total car sales 50% Physicist Bent Sorensen 12% Deutsche Bank Google 2030 Clean ● US 40% Energy Plan 10% PwC ● Global Frost & Sullivan Bloomberg NEF Amory Lovins (RMI) 8% 30% IEA Carter Admin Roland Berger (solar only) Nat'l 6% 20% Renew.
    [Show full text]
  • Bankrupt Companies
    The List of Fallen Solar Companies: 2015 to 2009: S.No Year/Status Company Name and Details 118 2015 Enecsys (microinverters) bankrupt -- Enecsys raised more than $55 million in VC from investors including Wellington Partners, NES Partners, Good Energies and Climate Change Capital Private Equity for its microinverter technology. 117 2015 QBotix (trackers) closed -- QBotix had a two-axis solar tracker system where the motors, instead of being installed two per tracker, were moved around by a rail-mounted robot that adjusted each tracker every 40 minutes. But while QBotix was trying to gain traction, single-axis solar trackers were also evolving and driving down cost. QBotix raised more than $19.5 million from Firelake, NEA, DFJ JAIC, Siemens Ventures, E.ON and Iberdrola. 116 2015 Solar-Fabrik (c-Si) bankrupt -- German module builder 115 2015 Soitec (CPV) closed -- France's Soitec, one of the last companies with a hope of commercializing concentrating photovoltaic technology, abandoned its solar business. Soitec had approximately 75 megawatts' worth of CPV projects in the ground. 114 2015 TSMC (CIGS) closed -- TSMC Solar ceased manufacturing operations, as "TSMC believes that its solar business is no longer economically sustainable." Last year, TSMC Solar posted a champion module efficiency of 15.7 percent with its Stion- licensed technology. 113 2015 Abengoa -- Seeking bankruptcy protection 112 2014 Bankrupt, Areva's solar business (CSP) closed -- Suffering through a closed Fukushima-inspired slowdown in reactor sales, Ausra 111 2014 Bankrupt,
    [Show full text]
  • Power Purchase Agreement Solar Texas
    Power Purchase Agreement Solar Texas Huger or Mahratta, Shaw never sledges any jota! Unshriven Stanleigh paragraph: he pettled his pittas brusquely and illustratively. Dimitrios remains unstaid: she pitapat her oxalis tunnels too amusedly? May not a lot of our businesses to commercialize cellulosic biofuels, local utility companies with Increasingly competitive power source, with a propertytaxbased obligation into the top solar powered oreos to me what can buy the dirtier and state. Mw solar power purchase agreements and utility payment will be good for cps can bet that own energy improvements. Solar power purchase agreement marks the water and microsoft will be integrated into electricity you may not to your. Corporate Energy Sourcing and Sustainability Experience. Signed a 15- year Virtual power Purchase is with EDF Renewables North America for 250 megawatts of small solar energy in Texas. Ppa agreement worthwhile to power purchase agreements announced at a lot of the region at nrg transaction to the benefits they allow flexibility in total home? In your roof generate renewable energy credits from her practice on power purchase texas solar to figure out of energy has experience in pjm area. Where solar power purchase agreement to purchase agreement worthwhile to moveforward are easily avoidable mistakes that represent you. The deregulation of electricity in Texas and approximately two various other states provides power. Texas power purchase agreements has promised much support. Tips and regions. Keene housing and solar power purchase agreements to supply its first solar plants only the article has regional development foundation. Turning bright sunny days into renewable solar power. Is smart than a fixed price in study power purchase agreement Harrison said.
    [Show full text]
  • The Policy Drivers of Photovoltaic Industry Growth in California, Germany, and Japan
    FREEBOOK AMBIENTE Biblioteca gratuita on line di Isabella Alloisio The Policy Drivers of Photovoltaic Industry Growth in California, Germany, and Japan PhD Thesis in International Law and Economics i DECLARATION FOR THE PhD THESIS The undersigned SURNAME ALLOISIO NAME ISABELLA Registration number 1288687 Thesis title: THE POLICY DRIVERS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC INDUSTRY GROWTH IN CALIFORNIA, GERMANY, AND JAPAN PhD in INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ECONOMICS Cycle XXIII Candidate’s tutor ANGELO MARCELLO CARDANI Year of discussion 2011 ii DECLARES Under his responsibility: 1) that, according to the President’s decree of 28.12.2000, No. 445, mendacious declarations, falsifying records and the use of false records are punishable under the penal code and special laws, should any of these hypotheses prove true, all benefits included in this declaration and those of the temporary embargo are automatically forfeited from the beginning; 2) that the University has the obligation, according to art. 6, par. 11, Ministerial Decree of 30th April 1999 protocol no. 224/1999, to keep copy of the thesis on deposit at the Biblioteche Nazionali Centrali di Roma e Firenze, where consultation is permitted, unless there is a temporary embargo in order to protect the rights of external bodies and industrial/commercial exploitation of the thesis; 3) that the Servizio Biblioteca Bocconi will file the thesis in its ‘Archivio istituzionale ad accesso aperto’ and will permit on-line consultation of the complete text (except in cases of a temporary embargo); 4) that in order keep the
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Technology Reference Guide
    Solar Technology Reference Guide January 2012 Aaron Binkley Prepared for and Funded by the NAIOP Research Foundation Help ensure that the NAIOP Research Foundation continues to promote industry success. Thank you for your choosing to download this report. Foundation research and analysis gives industry professionals unique insights in to the current business environment and emerging trends that lead to successful development and communities. Traditional sources of revenue cover only a portion of the costs of producing these reports. Additional support, provided by end users of this research through the Foundation’s Sustainer Fund, helps to ensure that the Foundation will have the funds to continue to proactively address the many research project requests it receives each year. Donate to the Sustainers Fund today! Gift Levels Benefactor Gifts of $2,500 and above (Contributions to the NAIOP Research Foundation Amount: Leader Gifts of $1,000-$2,499 are tax deductible to the extent allowed by law.) Donor Gifts of $500-$999 Sustainer Gifts of $250-$499 Please see below for contribution information. Learn how to become involved in the work of the Foundation. Yes, I am interested in ways I can Please call me to discuss support the work of the Foundation. Please send me information about Becoming a Foundation Governor Underwriting a Foundation project, or major initiative Area of interest __________________________ Making an annual gift How to apply for a research grant Contact Information NAME COMPANY TITLE ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP PHONE E-MAIL Contribution Information *Make checks payable to NAIOP Research Foundation CARD HOLDER NAME CREDIT CARD TYPE NUMBER EXPIRATION DATE Call Bennett Gray at (703) 674-1436 to make a contribution by telephone.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support
    U.S. Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support Michaela D. Platzer Specialist in Industrial Organization and Business January 27, 2015 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42509 U.S. Solar PV Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support Summary Every President since Richard Nixon has sought to increase U.S. energy supply diversity. Job creation and the development of a domestic renewable energy manufacturing base have joined national security and environmental concerns as reasons for promoting the manufacturing of solar power equipment in the United States. The federal government maintains a variety of tax credits and targeted research and development programs to encourage the solar manufacturing sector, and state-level mandates that utilities obtain specified percentages of their electricity from renewable sources have bolstered demand for large solar projects. The most widely used solar technology involves photovoltaic (PV) solar modules, which draw on semiconducting materials to convert sunlight into electricity. By year-end 2013, the total number of grid-connected PV systems nationwide reached more than 445,000. Domestic demand is met both by imports and by about 75 U.S. manufacturing facilities employing upwards of 30,000 U.S. workers in 2014. Production is clustered in a few states including California, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, and Washington. Domestic PV manufacturers operate in a dynamic, volatile, and highly competitive global market now dominated by Chinese and Taiwanese companies. China alone accounted for nearly 70% of total solar module production in 2013. Some PV manufacturers have expanded their operations beyond China to places like Malaysia, the Philippines, and Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • The Solar Alliance Comments on the Draft 2009 New York State Energy
    THE SOLAR ALLIANCE MEMBER COMPANIES American Solar Electric Applied Materials Borrego Solar The Solar Alliance BP Solar Comments on the Conergy Draft 2009 New York State Energy Plan Dow‐Corning October 19, 2009 Energy Innovations Evergreen Solar First Solar On August 10, 2009, the New York State Energy Planning Board released its draft Iberdrola Renewables state energy plan, charting the state’s energy future and identifying a set of Kyocera recommended policies and actions to support reliable, efficient, secure, Mainstream Energy environmentally sound, and affordable energy resource development over a 10‐ year planning horizon. Mitsubishi Electric Renewable Ventures We applaud the State Planning Board for recognizing the multiple benefits of Oerlikon Solar renewable energy resources, and specifically solar PV, and its important role in contributing to New York State’s future economic and environmental welfare. Open Energy Further, we support the Board in aspiring to make New York’s indigenous Sanyo renewable energy resources an essential and growing part of the state’s overall Schott Solar electricity supply mix. Sharp Solar However, the Draft State Energy Plan (“SEP”) falls short as a blueprint to fully SolarCity exploit the energy security, job creation, long‐term rate stabilization and climate Solaria mitigation potential of New York’s abundant solar resource. The Draft State Solar Power Partners Energy Plan fails to outline a bold, comprehensive vision for developing a world‐ SolarWorld class solar energy market. SPG Solar The Solar Alliance, a coalition of the world’s leading solar PV manufacturers, SunEdison developers, and financiers, believes the Draft SEP overstates the barriers and SunPower costs of transforming New York’s solar marketplace, and that ‐ largely by SunRun leveraging existing institutions and programs ‐ there are a number of cost‐ Suntech effective measures that New York can take to jump‐start economic activity and promote investment in the state’s clean energy economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Expanding the Photovoltaic Supply Chain in the United States: Opportunities and Challenges
    Expanding the Photovoltaic Supply Chain in the United States: Opportunities and Challenges Brittany L. Smith and Robert Margolis NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-6A20-73363 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC July 2019 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Expanding the Photovoltaic Supply Chain in the United States: Opportunities and Challenges Brittany L. Smith and Robert Margolis Suggested Citation Smith, Brittany L., and Robert Margolis. (2019). Expanding the Photovoltaic Supply Chain in the United States: Opportunities and Challenges. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-73363. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/73363.pdf. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-6A20-73363 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC July 2019 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov NOTICE This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36- 08GO28308. Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office.
    [Show full text]