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Framing the Third Cycling Century Framing the Third Cycling Century Bridging the Gap between Research and Practice German Environment Agency Imprint Publisher: German Environment Agency Section I 3.1 Environment and Transport PO Box 14 06 D-06813 Dessau-Roßlau Tel: +49 340-2103-0 [email protected] www.umweltbundesamt.de /umweltbundesamt.de /umweltbundesamt /umweltbundesamt /umweltbundesamt European Cyclists‘ Federation Rue Franklin 28 1000 Bruxelles Belgium [email protected] www.ecf.com www.facebook.com/eucyclistsfed/ twitter.com/EuCyclistsFed www.linkedin.com/company/european-cyclists’- federation/ Editors: Katherina Grafl (German Environment Agency), Heike Bunte (German Environment Agency), Katrin Dziekan (German Environment Agency), Holger Haubold (ECF), Manfred Neun (ECF) Design: Atelier Hauer + Dörfler GmbH Publications as a pdf: www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen Photo credits: Cover: Fotolia/sergio, p 6: Steffen Proske, p 8: University of Chester, p 10: Fotolia/marchello74, p 22: Fotolia/Brad Pict, p 26: Thomas Tröster, p 29: Fotolia/Rick Henzel, p 30: Fotolia/Laur p 19, 38, 41, 46, 52, 65, 70, 75, 87, 107, 123, 130, 137, 159, 182: shutterstock.com As at: November 2018 ISSN 2363-8311 (Print) ISSN 2363-832X (Online) Framing the Third Cycling Century Bridging the Gap between Research and Practice Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................10 1.1 How to approach bridging the gap: A reader’s guide ������������������������������������� 12 Katherina Grafl 1.2 Framing sustainable mobility in practice and research – and rethinking ‘Reverse Innovation’ in the case of Active Mobi lity ..................... 16 Manfred Neun 1.3 Framing for cycling practitioners and researchers ........................................ 19 Manfred Neun 1.4 The International Mosaic – A global perspective on Inventive Cycling ................. 21 Manfred Neun, Heike Bunte 1.5 Citations from the International Mosaic at ICC 2017 Mannheim ........................ 25 Heike Bunte, Manfred Neun, Anvita Arora, Jason Chang, Alejandra Leal, Amanda Ngabira- no Aziidah, Lake Sagaris, Ana Santos 1.6 A practitioner’s view on bridging the gap – the City of Mannheim ���������������������28 Peter Roßteutscher Building the bridge: A discussion between research and practice ................................ 30 2.1 Cycling in every period of life ................................................................. 32 PRACTICE ....................................................................................... 33 Cycling with a baby – What do young parents need after the birth of their child to continue biking? Hannah Eberhardt, Anna Gering RESEARCH ...................................................................................... 45 Get families to cycle more often by providing a family-friendly tricycle package Karin Markvica, Christian Rudloff EXPERT COMMENT ............................................................................. 54 Henrike Rau 2.2 Safety ............................................................................................56 PRACTICE ....................................................................................... 57 Gaps between the links – Understanding required changes to the fragmented cycling facilities in the developing world context Marianne Vanderschuren, Jennifer Louisa Baufeldt RESEARCH ...................................................................................... 64 Cycle paths – love them or hate them? Why do some cyclists prefer cycle paths and others cycle lanes? Carmen Hagemeister, Maike von Harten EXPERT COMMENT ............................................................................. 73 John Parkin 2.3 Electric bikes and safety ...................................................................... 76 RESEARCH ...................................................................................... 77 Accident analysis and comparison of bicycles and pedelecs Tina Gehlert, Sophie Kröling, Marcel Schreiber, Katja Schleinitz PRACTICE COMMENT ........................................................................... 86 Ceri Woolsgrove 4 Table of Contents 2.4 Policies for promoting cycling ................................................................88 PRACTICE ....................................................................................... 89 CicloviaSP – Promoting a sustainable bicycle program in São Paulo city Suzana Leite Nogueira, José Evaldo Gonçalo RESEARCH ...................................................................................... 98 Impact evaluation of cycling measures – exploring the state-of-practice in German munici- palities Julia Gerlach, Susan Hübner, Thomas Böhmer EXPERT COMMENT ............................................................................108 Parvesh Sharawat, Anvita Arora 2.5 Strategies to boost cycling ................................................................. 110 PRACTICE ......................................................................................111 New strategies and digital applications to boost cycling Tilman Bracher, Sebastian Bührmann RESEARCH .....................................................................................122 Social practices and the importance of context Peter Cox, Heike Bunte EXPERT COMMENT ............................................................................132 Holger Haubold 2.6 Planning with GPS data ..................................................................... 134 PRACTICE ......................................................................................135 From people to people – The self-benefit of crowdsourced cycling data as part of the European Cycling Challenge Giuseppe Liguori, Marco Amadori, Francesco Iacorossi, Edoardo Marcucci, Andrea Simone, Claudio Lantieri RESEARCH COMMENT ........................................................................146 Sven Lißner, Angela Francke 2.7 Health and Active Mobility .................................................................. 148 RESEARCH .....................................................................................149 Promoting active travel for all in European urban regions – A review of evaluated initiatives Elise Schabus EXPERT COMMENT ............................................................................156 Esther Anaya Boig 2.8 Cargo bikes ................................................................................... 160 PRACTICE ......................................................................................161 TRASHH – Opportunities for E-cargo bikes in municipal waste and cleaning services Britta Peters RESEARCH .....................................................................................168 The Status Quo of cargo-bikesharing in Germany, Austria and Switzerland Sophia Becker, Clemens Rudolf EXPERT COMMENT ............................................................................181 Susanne Wrighton, Karl Reiter Conclusions .................................................................................... 183 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................184 Katherina Grafl 5 Prefaces Prefaces Harry Lehmann General Director Division, German Environment Agency (UBA) More than 200 years after its invention, the bicycle the capital of Colombia, illustrates how an activist is enjoying a new renaissance. We experienced this movement can become an official policy. Closing of development vividly when we celebrated the bicen- roads for motorized traffic on Sundays already started tennial with the International Cycling Conference there in 1974, and has attracted more and more 2017 (ICC 2017) in Mannheim last year. People from cyclists and pedestrians. In France, the great success all over the world from the realms of both science of the Parlons Vélo campaign by the cycling federa- and practice were part of a mosaic made up of a great tion FUB has brought forward the discussion on the variety of topics, characters and discourses. There establishment of a National Cycling Plan. was a strong impression of being part of a genuine transformation. The bicycle has always been more According to the Danish architect Jan Gehl, cities that than simply a means of transport. In the decades fol- are attractive for pedestrians and cyclists provide lowing the arrival of mass motorization, it was mainly a much better quality of life than cities that are framed as a means of transport for the poor, on the designed for cars. Pictures of the redesigned Seine one hand, and, on the other, as a means of expression promenade in Paris – without cars and full of walk- for a small group of environmental activists. Now, the ing and cycling people – have become powerful icons bicycle is attaining a very positive image: as a world- of change in urban planning. For Germany, the UBA wide symbol for freedom, for personal and economic has developed a vision for a Tomorrow’s City which empowerment, and for a healthy and green lifestyle. promotes environmentally friendly mobility, low noise, green spaces, compact housing and mixed-use For the German Environment Agency (UBA), it is districts (UBA 2017). In it, we emphasize the impor- crucial that cycling is seen as one of the most envi- tance of integrated planning and a bundle of effective ronmentally friendly means of transport. The more measures to make cities fit for the major challenges cyclists there are on the streets instead of motorized they are already facing and for the even
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