DOCSLIB.ORG

Amoebiasis an Old and Important Cause of Intestinal and Liver Disease…

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Amoebiasis an Old and Important Cause of Intestinal and Liver Disease… Amoebiasis an old and important cause of intestinal and liver disease….. © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Amoebiasis: Illness caused by infection with Entamoeba histolytica, an unicellular parasite © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Fedor Aleksandrevitch Lösch © by author Lösch, F. (1875) Massenhafte Entwickelung von Amöben im Dickdarm. Virchow's Archiv. 65: 196-211. ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by author Phase contrast micrograph of amoebic trophozoite of EntamoebaESCMID histolytica Online (5μ Lecturem /second) Library Trophozoite of © by author Entamoeba histolytica ESCMID Online Lecture Library Transmission of Amoebiasis © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Development of amoebiasis in colon Infection of E. histolytica can be asymptomatic and symptomatic: 4-10% develop disease over a year © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Asymptomatic Intestinal Extra-intestinal © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Life cycle of E.histolytica © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library From the CDC web site © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Blood on top of feces: blood contains parasites! Amoebic ulcer in intestine © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Severe amoebic colitis with multiple ulcers: mortality is higher than 40% © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Typical flask shaped ulcer in amoebiasis of gut (spread laterally in submucosa) Spread of amebiasis from intestine © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Yellow necrotic tissue © by author Intact abcess Several liver abcesses ESCMID Online Lecture Library Complications of amoebic abcesses © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Rupture of large amoebic abcess in peritoneal cavity © by author Amoebic liver disease with cutaneous involvement following spontaneous ESCMID Online Lecture Library rupture Diagnosis Intestinal Extra-intestinal © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Diagnosis of intestinal parasites S. stercoralis Ascaris C. cayetanensis G. lamblia T. trichiura E. histolytica/ D. fragilis hookworm dispar © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Intestinal protozoan parasites observed in routine clinical practice • Entamoeba histolytica • Giardia lamblia • Dientamoeba fragilis • Balantidium coli • Cytoisospora belli pathogens • Cyclospora cayetanensis • Sarcocystis spp. • Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis* • Microsporidia spp* Blastocystis hominis • Entamoeba coli © by author • Entamoeba hartmanni • Iodamoeba butschlii non- pathogens • Endolimax nana •ESCMIDChilomastix mesnili Online Lecture Library New discovery: With microscope Entamoeba histolytica morphological identical Entamoeba dispar But: Entamoeba dispar: non-pathogen ! © by author Entamoeba histolytica: pathogen ESCMID Online Lecture Library New tests necessary for differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica from Entamoeba dispar: i.e. polymerase chain reaction (DNA-studies) E. histolytica © by author E.dispar ESCMID Online Lecture Library WHO/PAHO/UNESCO report. A consultation with experts on amoebiasis. Mexico City, Mexico 28-29 January, 1997. WHO Epidemiol ©Bull by author18: 13- 14. ESCMID Online Lecture Library Buddy Diamond & Graham Clark © by author Diamond,L.S. and Clark,C.G. 1993. A redescription of Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903 (Emended Walker, 1911) separating it from Entamoeba dispar Brumpt, 1925. J.Euk.MicrobiolESCMID40: 340-Online344 Lecture Library Entamoeba histolytica and E.dispar We now believe that four, not three species of Entamoeba live in the human large bowel: • Entamoeba hartmanni • Entamoeba histolytica© by author • Entamoeba dispar • Entamoeba coli ESCMID Online Lecture Library There are also a few rare species: • “Atypical,” “low temperature” or “Laredo” strains of E.histolytica are E.moshkovski • E.polecki • E.chattoni • E.gingivalis © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Diagnosis Intestinal Extra-intestinal © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Temperature chart of patient with amoebic liver abscess © by author The triad of swinging temperature, profuse sweats and ESCMIDleukocytosis Online is indicative Lecture of liver abscess Library © by author ELISA method for detection of specific ESCMIDantibodies Online to Entamoeba Lecture histolyticaLibrary © by author Diagnosis ESCMID Online Lecture Library Ultrasound scan: amoebic liver abcess CT scan of amoebic liver abcess (500-1500 ml) © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Raised right hemidiaphragm due to amoebic liver abcess © by author ESCMID Online Lecture LibraryDrainage of an amoebic liver abcess © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by author Epidemiology ESCMID Online Lecture Library Classic data: • New infections, world-wide, per annum: 480 million; • With disease: 10 – 50 million; • Deaths: 40 – 100,000 (Walsh, 1986) © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Reinterpreted - new infections per annum (very approximate) • E.histolytica + E.dispar: 480 million • E.dispar: 450 million? • E.histolytica: 10-50 ©million? by author – with symptoms of invasive amoebiasis: 4 - 10 % • Deaths: 40-100 000 every year? ESCMID Online Lecture Library Therapy # tissue phase: Metronidazol (750 mg tid x 7-10d) # luminal agents: Paromomycin (30 mg/kg x 5-10d) or Diloxanide furoate (500 tid x 10d) © by author Always treatment with a luminal agent after treatment for the tissue phase! Otherwise up to 30% will remain infected ESCMIDand may Online relapse (Irusen Lecture etal. 1192) Library Coccidians Cryptosporidium Cystoisospora belli Cyclospora cayetanensis © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Diagnostic techniques Cryptosporidium Cyclospora cayetanensis Cystoisospora belli sporulation In host weeks days seize 2-5 μm 5-8 μm flask JKJ no uptake no uptake no uptake Acid fast + ©+ by author + Autofluorescence - + + ESCMID Online Lecture Library Auto fluorescence • Prepare direct smear or a smear from Ridley sediment in saline (not JKJ) • Screen smear with fluorescence microscope with excitation filter 340-380 nm (20x10; details 40x10) • oöcyst wall: blue/white© by fluorescent author • Also for SAF preserved samples ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Treatment Cyclospora / Cystoisospora belli • Co-trimoxazol – 2dd TMP 160 mg SMX 800 mg x 7-10 d – Children – 2dd TMP 5 mg/kg SMX 25 mg/kg x 7-10 d © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Intestinal Protozoa
    The Intestinal Protozoa A. Introduction 1. The Phylum Protozoa is classified into four major subdivisions according to the methods of locomotion and reproduction. a. The amoebae (Superclass Sarcodina, Class Rhizopodea move by means of pseudopodia and reproduce exclusively by asexual binary division. b. The flagellates (Superclass Mastigophora, Class Zoomasitgophorea) typically move by long, whiplike flagella and reproduce by binary fission. c. The ciliates (Subphylum Ciliophora, Class Ciliata) are propelled by rows of cilia that beat with a synchronized wavelike motion. d. The sporozoans (Subphylum Sporozoa) lack specialized organelles of motility but have a unique type of life cycle, alternating between sexual and asexual reproductive cycles (alternation of generations). e. Number of species - there are about 45,000 protozoan species; around 8000 are parasitic, and around 25 species are important to humans. 2. Diagnosis - must learn to differentiate between the harmless and the medically important. This is most often based upon the morphology of respective organisms. 3. Transmission - mostly person-to-person, via fecal-oral route; fecally contaminated food or water important (organisms remain viable for around 30 days in cool moist environment with few bacteria; other means of transmission include sexual, insects, animals (zoonoses). B. Structures 1. trophozoite - the motile vegetative stage; multiplies via binary fission; colonizes host. 2. cyst - the inactive, non-motile, infective stage; survives the environment due to the presence of a cyst wall. 3. nuclear structure - important in the identification of organisms and species differentiation. 4. diagnostic features a. size - helpful in identifying organisms; must have calibrated objectives on the microscope in order to measure accurately.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nutrition and Food Web Archive Medical Terminology Book
    The Nutrition and Food Web Archive Medical Terminology Book www.nafwa.
    [Show full text]
  • 6.5 X 11 Double Line.P65
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-53026-2 - The Cambridge Historical Dictionary of Disease Edited by Kenneth F. Kiple Index More information Name Index A Baillie, Matthew, 80, 113–14, 278 Abercrombie, John, 32, 178 Baillou, Guillaume de, 83, 224, 361 Abreu, Aleixo de, 336 Baker, Brenda, 333 Adams, Joseph, 140–41 Baker, George, 187 Adams, Robert, 157 Balardini, Lodovico, 243 Addison, Thomas, 22, 350 Balfour, Francis, 152 Aesculapius, 246 Balmis, Francisco Xavier, 303 Aetius of Amida, 82, 232, 248 Bancroft, Edward, 364 Afzelius, Arvid, 203 Bancroft, Joseph, 128 Ainsworth, Geoffrey C., 128–32, 132–34 Bancroft, Thomas, 87, 128 Albert, Jose, 48 Bang, Bernhard, 60 Alexander of Tralles, 135 Bannwarth, A., 203 Alibert, Jean Louis, 147, 162, 359 Bard, Samuel, 83 Ali ibn Isa, 232 Barensprung,¨ F. von, 360 Allchin, W. H., 177 Bargen, J. A., 177 Allison, A. C., 25, 300 Barker, William H., 57–58 Allison, Marvin J., 70–71, 191–92 Barthelemy,´ Eloy, 31 Alpert, S., 178 Bartlett, Elisha, 351 Altman, Roy D., 238–40 Bartoletti, Fabrizio, 103 Alzheimer, Alois, 14, 17 Barton, Alberto, 69 Ammonios, 358 Bartram, M., 328 Amos, H. L., 162 Bassereau, Leon,´ 317 Andersen, Dorothy, 84 Bateman, Thomas, 145, 162 Anderson, John, 353 Bateson, William, 141 Andral, Gabriel, 80 Battistine, T., 69 Annesley, James, 21 Baumann, Eugen, 149 Arad-Nana, 246 Beard, George, 106 Archibald, R. G., 131 Beet, E. A., 24, 25 Aretaeus the Cappadocian, 80, 82, 88, 177, 257, 324 Behring, Emil, 95–96, 325 Aristotle, 135, 248, 272, 328 Bell, Benjamin, 152 Armelagos, George, 333 Bell, J., 31 Armstrong, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Amoebic Dysentery
    University of Nebraska Medical Center DigitalCommons@UNMC MD Theses Special Collections 5-1-1934 Amoebic dysentery H. C. Dix University of Nebraska Medical Center This manuscript is historical in nature and may not reflect current medical research and practice. Search PubMed for current research. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/mdtheses Part of the Medical Education Commons Recommended Citation Dix, H. C., "Amoebic dysentery" (1934). MD Theses. 320. https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/mdtheses/320 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at DigitalCommons@UNMC. It has been accepted for inclusion in MD Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNMC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A MOE B leD Y SEN T E R Y By H. c. Dix University of Nebraska College of Medicine Omaha, N~braska April 1934 Preface This paper is presented to the University of Nebraska College of MediCine to fulfill the senior requirements. The subject of amoebic dysentery wa,s chosen due to the interest aroused from the previous epidemic, which started in Chicago la,st summer (1933). This disea,se has previously been considered as a tropical disease, B.nd was rarely seen and recognized in the temperate zone. Except in indl vidu8,ls who had been in the tropics previously. In reviewing the literature, I find that amoebio dysentery may be seen in any part of the world, and from surveys made, the incidence is five in every hun- dred which harbor the Entamoeba histolytlca, it being the only pathogeniC amoeba of the human gastro-intes­ tinal tract.
    [Show full text]
  • Enteric Protozoa in the Developed World: a Public Health Perspective
    Enteric Protozoa in the Developed World: a Public Health Perspective Stephanie M. Fletcher,a Damien Stark,b,c John Harkness,b,c and John Ellisa,b The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australiaa; School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australiab; and St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Division of Microbiology, SydPath, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australiac INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................420 Distribution in Developed Countries .....................................................................................................................421 EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT ..........................................................................................................421 Cryptosporidium Species..................................................................................................................................421 Dientamoeba fragilis ......................................................................................................................................427 Entamoeba Species.......................................................................................................................................427 Giardia intestinalis.........................................................................................................................................429 Cyclospora cayetanensis...................................................................................................................................430
    [Show full text]
  • Entamoeba Histolytica—Gut Microbiota Interaction: More Than Meets the Eye
    microorganisms Review Entamoeba histolytica—Gut Microbiota Interaction: More Than Meets the Eye Serge Ankri Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel; [email protected] Abstract: Amebiasis is a disease caused by the unicellular parasite Entamoeba histolytica. In most cases, the infection is asymptomatic but when symptomatic, the infection can cause dysentery and invasive extraintestinal complications. In the gut, E. histolytica feeds on bacteria. Increasing evidences support the role of the gut microbiota in the development of the disease. In this review we will discuss the consequences of E. histolytica infection on the gut microbiota. We will also discuss new evidences about the role of gut microbiota in regulating the resistance of the parasite to oxidative stress and its virulence. Keywords: gut microbiota; entamoeba histolytica; resistance to oxidative stress; resistance to nitrosative stress; virulence 1. Introduction Amebiasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. This disease is a significant hazard in underdeveloped countries with reduced socioeconomic and poor Citation: Ankri, S. Entamoeba sanitation. It is assessed that amebiasis accounted for 55,500 deaths and 2.237 million histolytica—Gut Microbiota disability-adjusted life years (the sum of years of life lost and years lived with disability) Interaction: More Than Meets the Eye. in 2010 [1]. Amebiasis has also been diagnosed in tourists from developed countries who Microorganisms 2021, 9, 581. return from vacation in endemic regions. Inflammation of the large intestine and liver https://doi.org/10.3390/ abscess represent the main clinical manifestations of amebiasis. Amebiasis is caused by the microorganisms9030581 ingestion of food contaminated with cysts, the infective form of the parasite.
    [Show full text]
  • Entamoeba Histolytica?
    Amebas Friend and foe Facultative Pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica? Confusing History 1875 Lösch correlated dysentery with amebic trophozoites 1925 Brumpt proposed two species: E. dysenteriae and E. dispar 1970's biochemical differences noted between invasive and non-invasive isolates 80's/90's several antigenic and DNA differences demonstrated • rRNA 2.2% sequence difference 1993 Diamond and Clark proposed a new species (E. dispar) to describe non-invasive strains 1997 WHO accepted two species 1 Family Entamoebidae Family includes parasites • Entamoeba histolytica and commensals • Entamoeba dispar • Entamoeba coli Species are differentiated • Entamoeba hartmanni based on size, nuclear • Endolimax nana substructures • Iodamoeba bütschlii Entamoeba histolytica one of the most potent killers in nature Entamoeba histolytica • worldwide distribution (cosmopolitan) • higher prevalence in tropical or developing countries (20%) • 1-6% in temperate countries • Possible animal reservoirs • Amebiasis - Amebic dysentery • aka: Montezuma’s revenge Taxonomy • One parasitic species? • E. histolytica • E. dispar • E. hartmanni 2 Entamoeba Life Cycle - Direct Fecal/Oral transmission Cyst - Infective stage Resistant form Trophozoite - feeding, binary fission Different stages of cyst development Precysts - rich in glycogen Young cyst - 2, then 4 nuclei with chromotoid bodies Metacysts - infective stage Metacystic trophozoite - 8 8 Excystation Metacyst Cyst wall disruption Ameba emerges Nuclear division 48 Cytokinesis Nuclear division
    [Show full text]
  • 38 Entamoeba Histolytica and Other Rhizophodia
    MODULE Entamoeba Histolytica and Other Rhizophodia Microbiology 38 Notes ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA AND OTHER RHIZOPHODIA 38.1 INTRODUCTION Amoebae can be pathogenic called Entamoeba histolytica and non pathogenic called Entamoeba coli (large intestines), Entamoeba gingivalis (oral cavity). These parasites are motile with pseudopodia. The pseudopodia are cytoplasmic processes which are thrown out. OBJECTIVES After reading this lesson you will be able to: z describe morphology, its life cycle, pathogenecity of Entameba Histolytica, other amoebae and free living amoeba z differentiate between amoebic and Bacillary dysentery z differentiate between Entamoeba Histolytica and Entamoeba Coli z demonstrate Laboratory diagnosis of Entameba 38.2 ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA It belongs to the class Rhizopoda and family Entamoebidae. It is the causative agent of amoebiasis. Amoebiasis can be intestinal and extra intestinal like amoebic hepatitis, amoebic liver abscess. 38.3 MORPHOLOGY The Entamoeba is seen in three stages 344 MICROBIOLOGY Entamoeba Histolytica and Other Rhizophodia MODULE (a) Trophozoite: The trophozoite is 18-40 µm in size. The trophozoite is Microbiology actively motile. The cytoplasm is demarcated into endoplasm and ectoplasm. Ingested food particles and red blood cells are seen in the cytoplasm No bacteria are seen in the cytoplasm. The nucleus is 6-15 µm and has a central rounded karyosome. Nuclear membrane has chromatin granules and spoke like radial arrangement of chromatin fibrils. Notes Fig. 38.1 (b) Precyst: Smaller in size. 10-20 µm in diameter. It is round to oval in shape with blunt pseudopodium. The nuclei is similar to the trophozoite. (c) Cyst: These are round 10-15 µm in diameter. It is surrounded by a refractile membrane called as the cyst wall.
    [Show full text]
  • Archezoa and the Origin of Eukaryotes Patrick J
    Problems and paradigms A kingdom’s progress: Archezoa and the origin of eukaryotes Patrick J. Keeling* Summary The taxon Archezoa was proposed to unite a group of very odd eukaryotes that lack many of the characteristics classically associated with nucleated cells, in particular the mitochondrion. The hypothesis was that these cells diverged from other eukaryotes before these characters ever evolved, and therefore they repre- sent ancient and primitive eukaryotic lineages. The kingdom comprised four groups: Metamonada, Microsporidia, Parabasalia, and Archamoebae. Until re- cently, molecular work supported their primitive status, as they consistently branched deeply in eukaryotic phylogenetic trees. However, evidence has now emerged that many Archezoa contain genes derived from the mitochondrial symbiont, revealing that they actually evolved after the mitochondrial symbiosis. In addition, some Archezoa have now been shown to have evolved more recently than previously believed, especially the Microsporidia for which considerable evidence now indicates a relationship with fungi. In summary, the mitochondrial symbiosis now appears to predate all Archezoa and perhaps all presently known eukaryotes. BioEssays 20:87–95, 1998. ௠ 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. INTRODUCTION cyanobacteria and they also lack flagella and basal bodies Prior to the popularization of the endosymbiotic theory, it was (for discussion see Ref. 1). However, according to the widely believed that the evolutionary link between prokary- endosymbiotic theory, the reason photosynthesis is so simi- otes and eukaryotes was the presence of photosynthesis in lar in cyanobacteria and photosynthetic eukaryotes is that cyanobacteria and algae. The biochemistry of oxygenic the plastids of plant and algal cells are derived from a photosynthesis was considered too complicated and too cyanobacterial symbiont.
    [Show full text]
  • Trichosoma Tenax and Entamoeba Gingivalis: Pathogenic Role of Protozoic Species in Chronic Periodontal Disease Development
    Journal of Human Virology & Retrovirology Review Article Open Access Trichosoma tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis: pathogenic role of protozoic species in chronic periodontal disease development Abstract Volume 6 Issue 3 - 2018 Periodontal disease is a complex inflammation/immune-mediated compromising Matteo Fanuli,1 Luca Viganò,2 Cinzia Casu3 of connective and epithelial tissues in dental periodontal ligament. Serving as a 1Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Italy stabilizing and mechanical absorption system, periodontal ligament consist in a 2 complex and organized structure presenting a really delicate balance with oral Department of Radiology, Italy 3 microbioma and immunomediated alterations. A large number of microbiological Department of Private Dental Practice, Italy assays have been developed to understand, prevent and even stabilize an advanced Luca Viganò, Department of Radiology, disease form. Specific protozoic organism, usually not triggered in conventional Correspondence: Milano, Italy, Email microbiological assays, could not be evaluated and underestimated by the clinician. Their role, pathogenetic mechanism and agonist activity is far to be completely known. Received: August 01, 2018 | Published: November 21, 2018 As a matter of fact, protozoic organism is still possibly involved in determination of chronical periodontitis and their knowledge is essential for a comprehensive overview in microbioma-mediated oral and gingival alteration. E. gingivalis and T. tenax are strongly associated with non responsive chronic periodontal disease. These pathogen organisms must be clearly and carefully identified and evaluated for a possible antagonistic spontaneous conversion. These conditions could be largely observed in unbalanced oral microbiome and patient with poor oral hygiene. Understanding prevalence, epidemiological aspects, pathological mechanism, therapies and role of hygiene therapy must be a fundamental knowledge of modern dental clinicians.
    [Show full text]
  • Entamoeba Histolytica Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2)
    PCRmax Ltd TM qPCR test Entamoeba histolytica internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) 150 tests For general laboratory and research use only 1 Introduction to Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic, protozoan, intestinal parasite responsible for a disease called amoebiasis. It usually occurs in the large intestine and causes internal inflammation. It belongs to the genus Entamoeba and class Archamoeba. Amongst parasitic diseases, E. histolytica is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. E. histolytica is transmitted by ingestion of exit body containing cysts from faecally contaminated food and water or from hands. Due to their protective walls, the cysts can remain viable for several weeks in external environments. Species within this genus are small, single celled organisms with an anterior bulge representing a lobose pseudopod. The E. histolytica trophozoites are oblong and approximately 15-20µM in length, whereas the cysts are spherical and typically 12-15 µM in diameter. Entamoeba cysts are most commonly transmitted by ingestion so must be extremely robust to survive the hostile environment of the stomach. The cysts transform to trophozoites in the small intestine where they multiply by binary fission to then colonise the large intestine. They cause major calcium ion influx to the cells of the large intestine resulting in cell death and ulcer formation. The Trophozoites subsequently form new cysts which are excreted once more in faeces. Infection with E. histolytica generally causes mild symptoms such as abdominal pain, flatulence and diarrhoea, but more severe infections can lead to amoebosis. This is a condition encompassing amoebic dysentery characterized by severe abdominal pain, fever and blood in the faeces and less commonly amoebic liver abscesses.
    [Show full text]
  • Endolimax Nana
    Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí Faculty of Chemical Sciences Laboratory of General Microbiology Searching for intestinal parasites in vegetables Members: Canela Costilla Aaron Jared Gómez Hernández Christiane Lucille Castillo Guevara Diana Zuzim Teacher: Juana Tovar Oviedo Teacher: Rosa Elvia Noyola Medina Days: Tuesday-Thrusday Schedule: 08:00-09:00 hrs Abril 5th of 2017 Objective To perform the search of parasitic forms of protozoa and intestinal helminths in vegetables sold in home samples, using the saline centrifugation technique, microscopic observation with 10X and 40X objective, using lugol as a contrast dye Introduction Protozoans are unicellular microorganisms that lack a cell wall. They usually lack color and are mobile. They are distinguished from prokaryotes by their larger size, algae lacking chloroplast and chlorophyll, yeasts and fungi by being mobile and mucosal fungi because of their inability to form fruiting bodies Because of their appreciable content of ascorbic acid, carotene and dietary fiber, vegetables are widely recommended as part of the daily diet. Celery, lettuce, cabbage, brussels sprouts and other vegetables that are generally eaten raw have been associated with outbreaks of diarrhea and even listeriosis. In addition, contamination with parasitic eggs such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichocephalus trichiurus, Entamoeba histolytica cysts, Giardia intestinalis and viruses such as hepatitis A has been found in this type of plant. Collection and preservation of vegetables Vegetables should The sample is allowed Vegetables are be fresh at the time to soak in saline solution chopped and cut of sampling 0.85% for 24 hours into pieces They are placed in The contents are We weigh 40g of the glass glasses and 400ml shaken and left to sample in a granataria of saline solution is stand for 24 hours scale added 0.9% Process 9.
    [Show full text]