Endamoeba Coli Overview of Endamoeba Coli: Amoebiasis Is

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Endamoeba coli Overview of Endamoeba coli : Amoebiasis is defined as infection with the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica . However there are several Endamebas species which are closely related to E . histolytica such as E. dipar and E. coli . (Anonymous 1997) Entamoeba coli are a non-pathogenic species of Entamoeba that frequently exists as a commensal parasite in large intestine of the human . Both cysts and trophozoites of the species are passed in stool and considered diagnostic (CDC 2009). Cysts are typically found in formed stool, whereas trophozoites are typically found in diarrheal stool. Colonization of the nonpathogenic amebae occurs after ingestion of mature cysts in fecally-contaminated food, water, or fomites(CDC 2009). Summary of data: Rendtorff, R. C. (1954). "The Experimental Transmission of Human Intestinal Prozoan Parasites.I. Endamoeba coli Cyst Given in Capasules." American Journal of Hygien 59 : 196-208- studied the Entamoeba coli exposure to human volunteers (Rendtorff 1954). Known numbers of cysts of E. coli were administered orally in capsules to volunteers to determine numbers of parasites necessary to establish the infection Table 1. Summary of data for Entamoeba coli Experiment Host Type/Pathogen Route/ Dose Best Fit Optimized Reference Response ID Number Strain # of Doses Units Model Parameter(s) 50 α = (Rendtorff No. of 0.1008 1 Humans Ingestion – 5 Infection Exponential 341.03 1954) cysts N50 = 341.03 Optimized Models and Fitting Analyses Optimization Output for experiment 1 Table 2. Humans model data Table 3. Best fitting model determination Dose Infected Not infected Total 2 Model Deviance ∆∆∆ χχχ 0.95,1 10000 2 0 2 Exponential 27.82 3.8 1000 0 2 2 22.78 Beta Poisson 5.04 100 2 2 4 Beta-Poisson is best fitting model 10 3 7 10 1 1 7 8 (Rendtorff 1954) Table 4 Optimized parameters for the best fitting (Exponential), obtained from 10,000 bootstrap iterations Percentiles MLE Parameter Estimate 0.5% 2.5% 5% 95% 97.5% 99.5% α 0.00108 0.0117 0.0259 0.037 0.2125 0.2597 0.3075 N50 341.03 11.065 18.837 30.496 149244.7 2141374 1.5e7 ID 50 341.03 0.007819 0.093663 0.100392 0.007819 13.25071 67.90096 Figure 1 Parameter scatter plot for beta Poisson model ellipses signify the 0.9, 0.95 and 0.99 confidence of the parameters Figure 2 Beta-Poisson model plot, with confidence bounds around optimized model Anonymous (1997). "Entamoeba taxonomy." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 75 (3): 291-292. CDC (2009). Intestinal Amebae. D. o. P. Diseases. Rendtorff, R. C. (1954). "The Experimental Transmission of Human Intestinal Prozoan Parasites. I. Endamoeba coli Cyst Given in Capasules." American Journal of Hygien 59 : 196-208. .

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The Intestinal Protozoa
The Intestinal Protozoa A. Introduction 1. The Phylum Protozoa is classified into four major subdivisions according to the methods of locomotion and reproduction. a. The amoebae (Superclass Sarcodina, Class Rhizopodea move by means of pseudopodia and reproduce exclusively by asexual binary division. b. The flagellates (Superclass Mastigophora, Class Zoomasitgophorea) typically move by long, whiplike flagella and reproduce by binary fission. c. The ciliates (Subphylum Ciliophora, Class Ciliata) are propelled by rows of cilia that beat with a synchronized wavelike motion. d. The sporozoans (Subphylum Sporozoa) lack specialized organelles of motility but have a unique type of life cycle, alternating between sexual and asexual reproductive cycles (alternation of generations). e. Number of species - there are about 45,000 protozoan species; around 8000 are parasitic, and around 25 species are important to humans. 2. Diagnosis - must learn to differentiate between the harmless and the medically important. This is most often based upon the morphology of respective organisms. 3. Transmission - mostly person-to-person, via fecal-oral route; fecally contaminated food or water important (organisms remain viable for around 30 days in cool moist environment with few bacteria; other means of transmission include sexual, insects, animals (zoonoses). B. Structures 1. trophozoite - the motile vegetative stage; multiplies via binary fission; colonizes host. 2. cyst - the inactive, non-motile, infective stage; survives the environment due to the presence of a cyst wall. 3. nuclear structure - important in the identification of organisms and species differentiation. 4. diagnostic features a. size - helpful in identifying organisms; must have calibrated objectives on the microscope in order to measure accurately.
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