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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-53026-2 - The Cambridge Historical Dictionary of Disease Edited by Kenneth F. Kiple Index More information Name Index A Baillie, Matthew, 80, 113–14, 278 Abercrombie, John, 32, 178 Baillou, Guillaume de, 83, 224, 361 Abreu, Aleixo de, 336 Baker, Brenda, 333 Adams, Joseph, 140–41 Baker, George, 187 Adams, Robert, 157 Balardini, Lodovico, 243 Addison, Thomas, 22, 350 Balfour, Francis, 152 Aesculapius, 246 Balmis, Francisco Xavier, 303 Aetius of Amida, 82, 232, 248 Bancroft, Edward, 364 Afzelius, Arvid, 203 Bancroft, Joseph, 128 Ainsworth, Geoffrey C., 128–32, 132–34 Bancroft, Thomas, 87, 128 Albert, Jose, 48 Bang, Bernhard, 60 Alexander of Tralles, 135 Bannwarth, A., 203 Alibert, Jean Louis, 147, 162, 359 Bard, Samuel, 83 Ali ibn Isa, 232 Barensprung,¨ F. von, 360 Allchin, W. H., 177 Bargen, J. A., 177 Allison, A. C., 25, 300 Barker, William H., 57–58 Allison, Marvin J., 70–71, 191–92 Barthelemy,´ Eloy, 31 Alpert, S., 178 Bartlett, Elisha, 351 Altman, Roy D., 238–40 Bartoletti, Fabrizio, 103 Alzheimer, Alois, 14, 17 Barton, Alberto, 69 Ammonios, 358 Bartram, M., 328 Amos, H. L., 162 Bassereau, Leon,´ 317 Andersen, Dorothy, 84 Bateman, Thomas, 145, 162 Anderson, John, 353 Bateson, William, 141 Andral, Gabriel, 80 Battistine, T., 69 Annesley, James, 21 Baumann, Eugen, 149 Arad-Nana, 246 Beard, George, 106 Archibald, R. G., 131 Beet, E. A., 24, 25 Aretaeus the Cappadocian, 80, 82, 88, 177, 257, 324 Behring, Emil, 95–96, 325 Aristotle, 135, 248, 272, 328 Bell, Benjamin, 152 Armelagos, George, 333 Bell, J., 31 Armstrong, B. W., 211 Bell, John, 138 Armstrong, C., 38 Benedek, Thomas G., 63–67, 83–84, 153–56, Arnold of Villanova, 272 199–201, 224–25, 277–80 Arrizabalaga, Jon, 312–17 Benivieni, Antonio, 136 Artzney, Zene, 246 Benjamin, Georges C., 298–300 Aselli, Gasparro, 64 Bennett, John Hughes, 130, 199 Ashford, Bailey K., 167 Berg, F. T., 130 Astruc, Jean, 162, 316 Bergh, R., 162 Auenbrugger, Leopold, 103–4, 156–57, 257 Bergmann, Ernst von, 210 Aufderheide, Arthur C., 185–88 Berkeley, M. J., 131 Avicenna, 99, 102, 145, 195, 210, 213, 248, 272 Bernard, Claude, 88 Bethencourt, Jacques de, 316 B Betten, H., 248 Baglivi, Giorgio, 103 Beurmann, Charles Lucien de, 131 Bailey, Charles P., 280 Bibb, J., 300 371 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-53026-2 - The Cambridge Historical Dictionary of Disease Edited by Kenneth F. Kiple Index More information Name Index Bichat, Marie Franc¸ois, 69 C Bilharz, Theodor, 290–91 Cadawaler, Thomas, 187 Bissell, A. D., 178 Cailius Aurelianus, 257 Black, Francis L., 171–74, 212 Campbell, A., 360 Blackall, John, 104–5, 146 Capivaccio, Girlamo, 102 Blacklock, D., 229 Carini, A., 192 Blane, Sir Gilbert, 296–97 Carlsson, A., 241 Blaud, P., 23 Carmichael, Ann G., 60–63, 94–96, 121–22, Blessed, Gary, 17 192–95, 251–54, 287–88, 311–12 Blocq, Paul, 241 Carpentier, A., 280 Boe,¨ Franc¸ois de la, 69 Carrion,´ Daniel, 69 Boerhaave, Hermann, 69, 103, 297 Carson, Paul E., 24 Boezo, M., 247 Carswell, Robert, 80 Bollet, Alfred Jay, 21–26 Carter, H. Vandyke, 131 Bondy, Gustav, 211 Carter, K. Codell, 265–67 Bontius, Jacobus, 75, 364 Casal, Gaspar, 243 Bordet, Jules, 361 Casserio, Giulio, 147 Borovsky, Peter, 192 Castellani, Aldo, 363 Boswell, James, 152 Castle, William B., 22 Botallo, Leonardo, 315 Celsus, Aulus Cornelius, 102, 122, 129, 186, 232, Bouchardat, Apollinaire, 88 246, 272, 358 Bouchut, E., 83 Chagas, Carlos, 71 Bouillaud, Jean Baptiste, 257 Chalmers, A. J., 131 Boussingault, Jean Baptiste, 148 Chapin, C., 344 Bowman, William, 146 Charaka, 358 Boylston, Zabdiel, 302 Charcot, Jean, 32, 119, 241 Bozzolo, Camillo, 167 Chatin, Adolphe, 148 Bradford, William, 300 Chauliac, Guy de, 233 Brain, P., 25 Chaumette, Antoine, 315 Bramwell, Byron, 220 Chen, Peter S. Y., 79–81 Brandt, Allan M., 1–5 Chen, Thomas S. N., 79–81 Breschet, Gilbert, 273 Cherry, James D., 81–83 Bretonneau, Pierre, 83, 95 Chevreul, M. D. Eugene,` 88 Brickell, John, 364 Cheyne, John, 32 Bright, Richard, 32, 104, 145–46, 170, 278, Chien-i, 280 350 Chipley, William Stout, 27 Brill, Nathan, 353 Christie, A., 164 Bristowe, J. S., 178 Clossey, Samuel, 104 Brooke, Bryan, 178 Cobbold, T. Spencer, 127–28 Brothwell, Don, 250–51, 332, 362–65 Coburn, Alvin F., 278 Brown, Audrey K., 21–26 Cockburn, T. A., 332 Brown, J. Y., 177 Coindet, J.-F., 148 Brown, Peter J., 123–25 Colles, Abraham, 328 Browne, John, 80 Collier, Leslie, 312 Bruce, David, 58, 60, 351 Colombo, Realdo, 147 Bruch, Hilde, 28–29 Colp, R., 178 Bruck, Carl, 317 Combe, C., 178 Brumpt, E., 131 Come, Frere,` 358 Buchwald, Alfred, 203 Cone, Thomas E., Jr., 218–20 Budd, William, 78, 348, 351 Cooke, John, 32 Bumm, Ernst von, 152 Cooke, W. Trevor, 178 Burgdorfer, Willy, 203, 283 Cooper, Donald B., 14, 365–69 Burnet, F., 269 Correia, Gaspar, 75 Burns, Allan, 104 Correns, Carl, 140–41 Butlin, Henry, 239 Corvisart, Franc¸ois, 330 Bylon, David, 87 Corvisart, Jean-Nicholas, 104, 257, 350 372 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-53026-2 - The Cambridge Historical Dictionary of Disease Edited by Kenneth F. Kiple Index More information Name Index Costoeus, Jean, 233 Dubini, Angelo, 167 Cotugno, Domenico, 145 Du Buys, L., 282 Cotzias, George, 241 Duchenne, Guillaume, 224 Couch, James, 219 Ducrey, August, 317 Councilman, William, 21 Duffin, Jacalyn, 255–58 Cournand, Andre,´ 158 Dumas, Jean-Baptiste, 148 Courtois, Bernard, 148 Duncan, Howard, 39–42 Cox, H., 269 Dundas, David, 278 Cox, Herald, 354 Dunn, Frederick L., 203–7 Cox, L. B., 132 DuPont, Herbert L., 92–94 Crede,´ Karl Siegmund, 152 During,¨ Michael, 289 Creighton, Charles, 312 DuVerney, Joseph, 210 Crohn, B. B., 178 Cronk, Christine E., 96–98 E Crosby, Alfred W., 178–81, 300–4 Eberth, Carl, 348 Cruveilhier, Jean, 32 Echthius, Johannes, 295 Cruz, Oswaldo, 369 Edwards, Harold, 178 Cullen, William, 294 Edwards, Lowell, 280 Ehrlich, Paul, 13, 22, 81, 199 D Eijkman, Christian, 48 Dalziel, T. Kennedy, 178 Einthoven, Willem, 157 Dampier, William, 129 Eliot, Martha, 282 Danielssen, Daniel, 195 Elvehjem, Conrad A., 244 Darling, Samuel, 164 El Yahudi, 213 Darwin, Charles, 71 Emmel, V. E., 142 Davaine, Casimir, 29, 31 Emmons, C. W., 129 Davies, Scott F., 163–65 Empedocles, 139 Davis, G., 269 Enders, J. F., 259 Davison, Francis, 83 English, Peter C., 304–5 Dean, Geoffrey, 220 Ephesus, 177 deGroote, J., 178 Erasistratus, 80 Dejerine,´ Joseph, 225 Erb, Wilhelm, 227 Dekkers, Frederick, 145 Ermengem, Emile Pierre Marie van, 58 Demarquay, Jean-Nicolas, 127 Escherich, Theodor, 281 Denko, Charles W., 234–36 Esquirol, J., 17 Denman, Thomas, 112 Estes, J. Worth, 100–5 Derouesne, Christian, 31–34 Etheridge, Elizabeth W., 242–44 Derrick, E. H., 267, 269 Ettling, John, 165–68 Desault, Pierre-Joseph, 138 Euripides, 132 Devor, Eric J., 138–44, 168–69 Eustachi, Bartolomeo, 147 Dick, George, 290 Evans, Alice, 59 Dick, Gladys, 290 Evans, R. Winston, 24 Dickson, E., 130 Dieffenback, J. F., 78 F Diggs, L. W., 142, 300 Fabricius, Hieronymus, 147 Dioscorides, 232 Fabricius, Wilhelm, 64, 140 Dobson, Matthew, 88 Fanconi, Guido, 84 Donaldson, James, 351 Farley, John, 290–92 Donath, W. F., 48 Fauchard, Pierre, 246 Donovan, Charles, 192 Fedchenko, Aleksei, 100 Dowdle, W. R., 162 Fehleisen, Friedrich, 122 Down, J. Langdon, 97–98, 143 Felsen, J., 177 Downs, Wilbur G., 34–38, 38–39, 107–9, 184–85, Fernel, Jean, 102, 152, 315 207–8 Ferrier, Auger, 315 Dozy, A. M., 142–43 Filatov, Nil, 175 Drake, Daniel, 350 Findlay, L., 281 373 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-53026-2 - The Cambridge Historical Dictionary of Disease Edited by Kenneth F. Kiple Index More information Name Index Finlay y Barres, Carlos, 368 Gougerot, H., 131 Fischer, J. N., 232 Graham, Thomas, 146 Fleck, Ludwik, 317 Grassi, B., 128 Flexner, S., 162 Graves, Robert, 350 Flint, Austin, 22 Greenfield, W., 31 Floyer, John, 113, 157 Greenough, F. B., 162 Folin, Otto, 154 Gregg, Norman, 287 Ford, John, 12 Griesinger, Wilhelm, 17, 291 Forest, Peter, 83 Grifford, Myrnie A., 130 Forestus, 233 Grijns, Gerrit, 48 Forssmann, Werner, 158 Grim, Clarence E., 169–71 Fourcroy, Antoine F. de, 154 Gruby, David, 129–30 Fournier, Jean-Alfred, 31, 317 Gsell, Otto R., 195–96 Fox, Daniel M., 52–54 Guerra, Francisco, 333 Fracastoro, Girolamo, 272, 313, 339, 353 Guillimeau, Jacques, 112 Francis, Edward, 344–45 Guillotin, Joseph-Ignace, 273 Francis of Assisi, Saint, 233 Gull, William Withey, 27–28 Frankel, Albert, 257 Guthrie, C. G., 24 Franklin, Benjamin, 187 Frapolli, Francesco, 243 H Fraser, David W., 189–91 Hackett, C. J., 314, 332 Freeman, Mavis, 269 Hadfield, G., 178 French, Roger K., 69–70, 292–94, 295–98 Hales, Stephen, 104 Fresenius, J., 132 Hale-White, W., 177 Freud, Sigmund, 28 Haller, John S., Jr., 120–21 Friedlander, Carl, 257 Hallier, Ernst, 78 Frolich,¨ Theodor, 298 Haly Abbas (Ali ibn al-Abbas al-Majusi), 135 Funk, Casimir, 48, 298 Hamilton, Robert, 224 Furbee, Louanna, 220 Hanau, Arthur, 64 Hansen, A. G. H., 192, 195 G Harden, Victoria A., 282–83, 283–85, 331, 352–55, Gaffky, Georg, 348, 351 355–56 Galen, 63, 69, 80, 82, 102–3, 112, 120, 130, 135, Hardy, Anne, 275–77, 288–90, 360–62 152, 232, 248, 280, 295, 339, 358 Harken, Dwight E., 279 Galle, F., 227 Harrison, Tinsley R., 104 Galtier, Pierre-Victor, 273 Harvey, William, 80, 103, 140, 156, 158, 361 Gama, Vasco da, 295 Hashimoto, Hakuju, 355 Garrod, A. B., 40 Hayem, George, 22 Garrod, Alfred B., 154 Hayne, Theodore, 369 Garrod, Archibald, 141 Hazeltine, Richard, 214 Gengou, Octave, 361 Head, Henry, 360 Gentile da Foligno, 135 Heberden, William, 157, 359 Gerhard, William, 348, 350, 354 Hecker, J., 312 Gilbertson, Donald E., 333–36 Helwich, Christianus, 104 Gilchrist, T.
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  • The Detection and Differentiation of Entamoeba Histolytica and Entamoeba Dispar from Diarrheic Stool Samples by Real-Time PCR, ELISA and Trichrome Staining Method

    The Detection and Differentiation of Entamoeba Histolytica and Entamoeba Dispar from Diarrheic Stool Samples by Real-Time PCR, ELISA and Trichrome Staining Method

    The detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar from diarrheic stool samples by real-time PCR, ELISA and Trichrome staining method Yakut Akyön1, Ahmet Pınar1, Alpaslan Alp1, Fadile Zeyrek2, Burçin Şener1, Sibel Ergüven1 1Hacettepe University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, 2Harran University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Şanlıurfa, Turkey. Introduction: Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal protozoan parasite that causes invasive amoebiasis in 40–50 million people, resulting in 40 000–100 000 deaths worldwide each year (1). The highest prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica infection is found in countries in subtropical and tropical regions with low hygienic standards, and in countries with high population density. E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii are morphologically identical but are different biochemically and genetically. Although a previous study showed E. moshkovskii to be a non-pathogenic parasite, intestinal symptoms including diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders in individuals infected with this species have been reported (2). Also mild gastrointestinal symtoms has been reported in E. dispar infected patients, but the symptoms are self-limited. The prevalence of E. dispar is about ten times higher than E. histolytica (3). Differential diagnosis of E. histolytica, E. dispar and, E. moshkovskii which are three morphologically identical species of Entamoeba genus, is essential both for treatment decision and public health knowledge. Although the distinction between these three species is of great importance, the methods developed for this purpose either are very time-consuming or not sensitive and specific enough. In this study, the efficiency of quantitative real-time PCR method in detection of E.