508 Chapel Road, Flat Bush, Auckland: Heritage Impact Assessment
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5. Appendix B – Heritage Report 508 CHAPEL ROAD, FLAT BUSH, AUCKLAND: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Prepared for J.P. Singh March 2017 (updated September and December 2017) By Adina Brown (MA MSc) Zarah Burnett MA (Hons) 321 Forest Hill Rd, Waiatarua, Auckland 0612 Telephone: (09) 8141946 Mobile 0274 850 059 www.clough.co.nz TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Project Background ......................................................................................................... 1 Methodology ................................................................................................................... 1 Historical Background ........................................................................................................ 4 Maori Settlement ............................................................................................................. 4 European Purchase .......................................................................................................... 5 Recorded historic heritage................................................................................................. 25 Physical Environment ....................................................................................................... 28 Field Assessment ............................................................................................................... 32 Field Survey Results ..................................................................................................... 32 Setting ........................................................................................................................... 33 Site ................................................................................................................................ 37 Views ............................................................................................................................ 40 Cottage .......................................................................................................................... 47 Discussion and Conclusions .............................................................................................. 60 Summary of Results ...................................................................................................... 60 Maori Cultural Values ................................................................................................... 60 Survey Limitations ........................................................................................................ 60 Heritage Value and Significance ................................................................................... 61 Effects of the Proposal .................................................................................................. 63 Resource Management Act 1991 Requirements ........................................................... 72 Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 Requirements ................................ 73 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 74 Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 76 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................... 77 Appendix 1: Site Record Forms ........................................................................................ 79 Appendix 2: Property File ................................................................................................. 92 Appendix 3: Assessment of Effects Tables ....................................................................... 93 Appendix 4: Historic Heritage Overlay d17: objectives and policies ............................... 97 i INTRODUCTION Project Background The owner J.P. Singh is proposing to build a childcare centre at 508 Chapel Road, Flat Bush, Auckland. The legal description is Lot 108 DP 201577 (CT – 130B/136).) The area of land is approximately 977m2 (Figure 1). The proposed design for the childcare centre includes adaptive re-use of the scheduled Dairy Factory Manager’s Cottage (AUP OP Schedule 14.1: ID 1352, Category B) for an outdoor play area. This will include demolition of the 1970s lean-to, alterations to two of the cottage elevations and removal of internal wall sections. Adjacent to the cottage a two- storey purpose built childcare centre is proposed, with foyer, play rooms, kitchen, laundry, office, staff room, bathrooms and store room. There will be associated earthworks for the development and off street car parking to the rear of the cottage. Clough Associates was commissioned by J.P. Singh to assess the impacts of the proposed work on historic heritage values. This heritage impact assessment has been prepared as part of the required assessment of effects accompanying a resource consent application under the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) and to identify any requirements under the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 (HNZPTA). Recommendations are made in accordance with statutory requirements. This is the third update to this report, please disregard previous versions circulated. Methodology The New Zealand Archaeological Association’s (NZAA) site record database (ArchSite), Auckland Council’s Cultural Heritage Inventory (CHI), Auckland Unitary Plan Operative in Part (AUP OP) schedules and the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga (Heritage NZ) New Zealand Heritage List were searched for information on sites recorded in the vicinity and within the subject property, including the Dairy Factory and Manager’s Cottage. Literature and archaeological reports relevant to the area were consulted (see Bibliography). Early plans held at Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) were checked for information relating to past use of the property. Additionally historic research on past ownership was carried out, and the Papatoetoe Historical Society and Howick Historical Village were contacted, to establish the local history of the property. A visual inspection of the property was conducted on 2 February 2017. The ground surface was examined for evidence of former occupation (in the form of shell midden, depressions, terracing or other unusual formations within the landscape, or indications of 19th century European settlement or industrial remains. Exposed and disturbed soils were examined where encountered for evidence of earlier modification, and an understanding of the local stratigraphy. Subsurface testing with a probe and spade was not carried out. Particular attention was paid to the cottage exterior, interior and setting. Field sketches were made as required to record key features and photographs taken. Although the cottage has not been confirmed as pre-1900, an NZAA site record form has been written and uploaded to the NZAA’s ArchSite database (R11/3109), noting the uncertainty in the construction date. 01/04/2017 508 Chapel Road – Heritage Impact Assessment 1 Figure 1. General site location (top and middle) and subject site boundary (bottom in blue) (source: Auckland Council Geomaps 2017) 01/04/2017 508 Chapel Road – Heritage Impact Assessment 2 Figure 2. Proposed development, showing general layout of the existing cottage, proposed carpark, new childcare centre building and outdoor play (source: Origin Architects NZ Ltd Dec 2017) 01/04/2017 508 Chapel Road – Heritage Impact Assessment 3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Maori Settlement Situated between the Waitemata and Manukau harbours, the Auckland isthmus was known to Maori as Tamaki-makau-rau, often translated as ‘the land desired by many’ or ‘the land of a hundred lovers’.1 Its sheltered harbours, wide-ranging fishing and shell fishing grounds, fertile volcanic soils, easy waka (canoe) access, and portage routes made the area a highly desirable location for settlement.2 Maori occupation of the isthmus can be traced back over centuries and is evidenced by the numerous archaeological sites (namely middens, pits, terraces, and pa) and associated place names throughout the region (Figure 3). Several different iwi and hapu groups claim affiliation with the Auckland area including Ngati Whatua, Ngati Paoa, Te Kawerau a Maki, Ngai Tai and Te Wai-o-Hua, whose tribal territories commonly changed in response to warfare, migration or intermarriage.3 Early settlements were predominantly established near shorelines and major rivers and were occupied either long-term, seasonally, or temporarily, according to the availability of food resources.4 The area of East Tamaki/Flat Bush was prized for its rich volcanic soils, access to marine resources (namely shellfish and fisheries), and close proximity to accessways such as the Otara and Pakuranga Creeks and the Otahuhu portage known as Te To-waka.5 The volcanic landscape of East Tamaki was utilised by Maori to create stone- walled garden boundaries, which, in some areas, enclosed hundreds of stone and earth agricultural mounds to retain heat and extend the growing season of crops.6 Around 1500 AD Maori began to construct defensive settlements known as pa, which were located on strategic sites such as headlands and volcanic cones. Many pa were built across the central isthmus, including on prominent areas in and around East Tamaki. The hill pa known variously as Te Puke o Taramainuku (meaning ‘the hill of Taramainuku’, named after a Tainui