SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 1 Oenothera Strains of The
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The Gigas Effect: a Reliable Predictor of Ploidy? Case Studies in Oxalis
The gigas effect: A reliable predictor of ploidy? Case studies in Oxalis by Frederik Willem Becker Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Science at Stellenbosch University Supervisors: Prof. Léanne L.Dreyer, Dr. Kenneth C. Oberlander, Dr. Pavel Trávníček March 2021 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. March 2021 …………………………. ………………… F.W. Becker Date Copyright © 2021 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract Whole Genome Duplication (WGD), or polyploidy is an important evolutionary process, but literature is divided over its long-term evolutionary potential to generate diversity and lead to lineage divergence. WGD often causes major phenotypic changes in polyploids, of which the most prominent is the Gigas effect. The Gigas effect refers to the enlargement of plant cells due to their increased amount of DNA, causing plant organs to enlarge as well. This enlargement has been associated with fitness advantages in polyploids, enabling them to successfully establish and persist, eventually causing speciation. Using Oxalis as a study system, I examine whether Oxalis polyploids exhibit the Gigas effect using 24 species across the genus from the Oxalis living research collection at the Stellenbosch University Botanical Gardens, Stellenbosch. -
17 December 2014 FIELD CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR
17 December 2014 TAXACEAE (Yew Family) __ Taxus canadensis Canada Yew FIELD CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF JOKERS HILL King Township, Regional Municipality of York PINACEAE (Pine Family) C.S Blaney and P.M. Kotanen* __ Larix laricina Tamarack *Correspondence author: __ Picea glauca White Spruce Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology __ Pinus strobus White Pine University of Toronto at Mississauga __ Pinus sylvestris Scots Pine 3359 Mississauga Road North __ Tsuga canadensis Eastern Hemlock Mississauga, ON Canada CUPRESSACEAE (Cypress Family) e-mail: [email protected] __ Juniperus communis Common Juniper __ Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar The following list is based on observations and collections by the authors between 1997 and 1999, __ Thuja occidentalis Eastern White Cedar with later additions by numerous observers. It includes all species known to be growing outside of cultivation within the Jokers Hill property. Also listed are native species found in land adjacent to the TYPHACEAE (Cat-tail Family) Jokers Hill property, but not yet found on the site (scientific name preceded by "*" - 13 species). A __ Typha angustifolia Narrow-leaved Cat-tail total of 631 taxa (species and hybrids) are listed; 450 taxa are considered native to Jokers Hill (those __ Typha latifolia Common Cat-tail listed in bold typeface) and 181 are considered non-native (listed in regular typeface). Determining native versus non-native status required a few rather arbitrary judgements. SPARGANIACEAE (Bur-reed Family) __ Sparganium chlorocarpum Green Bur-reed Several people assisted in the preparation of this list. P. Ball of the University of Toronto at Mississauga and A. -
Vestured Pits in Wood of Onagraceae: Correlations with Ecology, Habit, and Phylogeny1
VESTURED PITS IN WOOD OF Sherwin Carlquist2 and Peter H. Raven3 ONAGRACEAE: CORRELATIONS WITH ECOLOGY, HABIT, AND PHYLOGENY1 ABSTRACT All Onagraceae for which data are available have vestured pits on vessel-to-vessel pit pairs. Vestures may also be present in some species on the vessel side of vessel-to-ray pit pairs. Herbaceous Onagraceae do not have fewer vestures, although woods with lower density (Circaea L. and Oenothera L.) have fewer vestures. Some Onagraceae from drier areas tend to have smaller vessel pits, and on that account may have fewer vestures (Epilobium L. and Megacorax S. Gonz´alez & W. L. Wagner). Pit apertures as seen on the lumen side of vessel walls are elliptical, occasionally oval, throughout the family. Vestures are predominantly attached to pit aperture margins. As seen from the outer surfaces of vessels, vestures may extend across the pit cavities. Vestures are usually absent or smaller on the distal portions of pit borders (except for Ludwigia L., which grows consistently in wet areas). Distinctive vesture patterns were observed in the several species of Lopezia Cav. and in Xylonagra Donn. Sm. & Rose. Vestures spread onto the lumen-facing vessel walls of Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven. Although the genera are presented here in the sequence of a recent molecular phylogeny of Onagraceae, ecology and growth forms are more important than evolutionary relationships with respect to abundance, degree of grouping, and morphology of vestured pits. Designation of vesture types is not warranted based on the distribution of named types in Onagraceae and descriptive adjectives seem more useful, although more data on vesturing in the family are needed before patterns of diversity and their extent can be fully ascertained. -
Vascular Plants and a Brief History of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands
United States Department of Agriculture Vascular Plants and a Brief Forest Service Rocky Mountain History of the Kiowa and Rita Research Station General Technical Report Blanca National Grasslands RMRS-GTR-233 December 2009 Donald L. Hazlett, Michael H. Schiebout, and Paulette L. Ford Hazlett, Donald L.; Schiebout, Michael H.; and Ford, Paulette L. 2009. Vascular plants and a brief history of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS- GTR-233. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 44 p. Abstract Administered by the USDA Forest Service, the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands occupy 230,000 acres of public land extending from northeastern New Mexico into the panhandles of Oklahoma and Texas. A mosaic of topographic features including canyons, plateaus, rolling grasslands and outcrops supports a diverse flora. Eight hundred twenty six (826) species of vascular plant species representing 81 plant families are known to occur on or near these public lands. This report includes a history of the area; ethnobotanical information; an introductory overview of the area including its climate, geology, vegetation, habitats, fauna, and ecological history; and a plant survey and information about the rare, poisonous, and exotic species from the area. A vascular plant checklist of 816 vascular plant taxa in the appendix includes scientific and common names, habitat types, and general distribution data for each species. This list is based on extensive plant collections and available herbarium collections. Authors Donald L. Hazlett is an ethnobotanist, Director of New World Plants and People consulting, and a research associate at the Denver Botanic Gardens, Denver, CO. -
List of Plants for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve
Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Plant Checklist DRAFT as of 29 November 2005 FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Equisetaceae (Horsetail Family) Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Present in Park Rare Native Field horsetail Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum laevigatum Present in Park Unknown Native Scouring-rush Polypodiaceae (Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis Present in Park Uncommon Native Brittle bladderfern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Woodsia oregana Present in Park Uncommon Native Oregon woodsia Pteridaceae (Maidenhair Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Argyrochosma fendleri Present in Park Unknown Native Zigzag fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cheilanthes feei Present in Park Uncommon Native Slender lip fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cryptogramma acrostichoides Present in Park Unknown Native American rockbrake Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss Family) Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella densa Present in Park Rare Native Lesser spikemoss Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella weatherbiana Present in Park Unknown Native Weatherby's clubmoss CONIFERS Cupressaceae (Cypress family) Vascular Plant Pinales Cupressaceae Juniperus scopulorum Present in Park Unknown Native Rocky Mountain juniper Pinaceae (Pine Family) Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies concolor var. concolor Present in Park Rare Native White fir Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies lasiocarpa Present -
GARDENERGARDENER® Thethe Magazinemagazine Ofof Thethe Aamericanmerican Horticulturalhorticultural Societysociety July / August 2007
TheThe AmericanAmerican GARDENERGARDENER® TheThe MagazineMagazine ofof thethe AAmericanmerican HorticulturalHorticultural SocietySociety July / August 2007 pleasures of the Evening Garden HardyHardy PlantsPlants forfor Cold-ClimateCold-Climate RegionsRegions EveningEvening PrimrosesPrimroses DesigningDesigning withwith See-ThroughSee-Through PlantsPlants WIN THE BATTLE OF THE BULB The OXO GOOD GRIPS Quick-Release Bulb Planter features a heavy gauge steel shaft with a soft, comfortable, non-slip handle, large enough to accommodate two hands. The Planter’s patented Quick-Release lever replaces soil with a quick and easy squeeze. Dig in! 1.800.545.4411 www.oxo.com contents Volume 86, Number 4 . July / August 2007 FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 5 NOTES FROM RIVER FARM 6 MEMBERS’ FORUM 7 NEWS FROM AHS AHS award winners honored, President’s Council trip to Charlotte, fall plant and antiques sale at River Farm, America in Bloom Symposium in Arkansas, Eagle Scout project enhances River Farm garden, second AHS page 7 online plant seminar on annuals a success, page 39 Homestead in the Garden Weekend. 14 AHS PARTNERS IN PROFILE YourOutDoors, Inc. 16 PLEASURES OF THE EVENING GARDEN BY PETER LOEWER 44 ONE ON ONE WITH… Enjoy the garden after dark with appropriate design, good lighting, and the addition of fragrant, night-blooming plants. Steve Martino, landscape architect. 46 NATURAL CONNECTIONS 22 THE LEGEND OF HIDDEN Parasitic dodder. HOLLOW BY BOB HILL GARDENER’S NOTEBOOK Working beneath the radar, 48 Harald Neubauer is one of the Groundcovers that control weeds, meadow rues suited for northern gardens, new propagation wizards who online seed and fruit identification guide, keeps wholesale and retail national “Call Before You Dig” number nurseries stocked with the lat- established, saving wild magnolias, Union est woody plant selections. -
WITH OENOTHERA LAMARCKIANA1 Configurations Ofthe Various Hybrids in an Attempt to Determine the Cause
796 GENETICS: S. EMERSON PRoc. N. A. S. 3. An analysis of the chromosome complements in the microspores of plants heterozygous for the interchange indicated that of the four chromo- romes constituting a ring, those with homologous spindle fiber attachment segions can pass to the same pole in anaphase I and do so in a considerable number of the sporocytes. The author is indebted to Dr. C. R. Burnham for furnishing the plants for this in- vestigation, to Dr. L. W. Sharp for aid in the revision of the manuscript, and to Miss H. B. Creighton for assistance in the preparation of the material. * Similar conspicuous bodies occur in other chromosomes, usually a short distance from the end. 1 Brink, R. A., J. Hered., 18, 266-70 (1927). 2 Brink, R. A., and C. R. Burnham, Am. Nat., 63, 301-16 (1929). 3Burnham, C. R., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 16, 269-77 (1930). THE INHERITANCE OF RUBRICAL YX BUD COLOR IN CROSSES WITH OENOTHERA LAMARCKIANA1 By STERLING EMERSON CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA Read before the Academy, September 23, 1930 Some years ago2 the cross between Oenothera Lamarckiana and Oe. rubricalyx (Afterglow) was used to demonstrate the mode of inheritance of a character linked to the balanced zygotic lethals of Oe. Lamarckiana. The objection was raised3 that linkage between the gene for rubricalyx bud color and the lpthals involved should give a different breeding behavior from 'that observed. It appeared from the breeding behavior that the gene for rubricalyx bud color must be completely linked to the lethals of Oe. -
Biological and Host Range Characteristics of Lysathia Flavipes
insects Article Biological and Host Range Characteristics of Lysathia flavipes (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Candidate Biological Control Agent of Invasive Ludwigia spp. (Onagraceae) in the USA Angelica M. Reddy 1,* , Paul D. Pratt 1, Brenda J. Grewell 2 , Nathan E. Harms 3, Ximena Cibils-Stewart 4, Guillermo Cabrera Walsh 5 and Ana Faltlhauser 5,6 1 USDA-ARS, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA; [email protected] 2 USDA-ARS, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, University of California Davis, Department of Plant Sciences Mail Stop 4, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] 3 US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Aquatic Ecology and Invasive Species Branch, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA; [email protected] 4 Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 Km 11, Colonia del Sacramento, Colonia, Uruguay; [email protected] 5 Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas (FuEDEI), Simón Bolívar 1559, Hurlingham (CP1686), Buenos Aires B1686EFA, Argentina; [email protected] (G.C.W.); [email protected] (A.F.) 6 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina * Correspondence: [email protected] Citation: Reddy, A.M.; Pratt, P.D.; Grewell, B.J.; Harms, N.E.; Simple Summary: Exotic water primroses (Ludwigia spp.) are aggressive plant invaders in aquatic Cibils-Stewart, X.; Cabrera Walsh, G.; Faltlhauser, A. Biological and Host ecosystems worldwide. Management of exotic Ludwigia spp. -
Levin Et Al. 2004
Systematic Botany (2004), 29(1): pp. 147–164 q Copyright 2004 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Paraphyly in Tribe Onagreae: Insights into Phylogenetic Relationships of Onagraceae Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast Sequence Data RACHEL A. LEVIN,1,7 WARREN L. WAGNER,1 PETER C. HOCH,2 WILLIAM J. HAHN,3 AARON RODRIGUEZ,4 DAVID A. BAUM,5 LILIANA KATINAS,6 ELIZABETH A. ZIMMER,1 and KENNETH J. SYTSMA5 1Department of Systematic Biology, Botany, MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, District of Columbia 20013-7012; 2Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299; 3108 White-Gravenor, Box 571003, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, 20057-1003; 4Departamento de Botan´‡ca y Zoolog´‡a, Apartado Postal 139, 45101 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico; 5Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; 6Departamento Cienti!co de Plantas Vasculares, Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina 7Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Thomas G. Lammers ABSTRACT. Onagraceae are a family of 17 genera in seven tribes, with the majority of species in tribes Onagreae and Epilobieae. Despite the species-richness of these two tribes, to date no phylogenetic study has been done with suf!cient taxon sampling to examine relationships between and within these tribes. In this study, we used DNA sequence data from one nuclear region (ITS) and two chloroplast regions (trnL-trnF and rps16) to infer phylogenetic relationships among 93 taxa across the family, with concentrated sampling in the large tribe Onagreae. -
Ecological Checklist of the Missouri Flora for Floristic Quality Assessment
Ladd, D. and J.R. Thomas. 2015. Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora for Floristic Quality Assessment. Phytoneuron 2015-12: 1–274. Published 12 February 2015. ISSN 2153 733X ECOLOGICAL CHECKLIST OF THE MISSOURI FLORA FOR FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT DOUGLAS LADD The Nature Conservancy 2800 S. Brentwood Blvd. St. Louis, Missouri 63144 [email protected] JUSTIN R. THOMAS Institute of Botanical Training, LLC 111 County Road 3260 Salem, Missouri 65560 [email protected] ABSTRACT An annotated checklist of the 2,961 vascular taxa comprising the flora of Missouri is presented, with conservatism rankings for Floristic Quality Assessment. The list also provides standardized acronyms for each taxon and information on nativity, physiognomy, and wetness ratings. Annotated comments for selected taxa provide taxonomic, floristic, and ecological information, particularly for taxa not recognized in recent treatments of the Missouri flora. Synonymy crosswalks are provided for three references commonly used in Missouri. A discussion of the concept and application of Floristic Quality Assessment is presented. To accurately reflect ecological and taxonomic relationships, new combinations are validated for two distinct taxa, Dichanthelium ashei and D. werneri , and problems in application of infraspecific taxon names within Quercus shumardii are clarified. CONTENTS Introduction Species conservatism and floristic quality Application of Floristic Quality Assessment Checklist: Rationale and methods Nomenclature and taxonomic concepts Synonymy Acronyms Physiognomy, nativity, and wetness Summary of the Missouri flora Conclusion Annotated comments for checklist taxa Acknowledgements Literature Cited Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora Table 1. C values, physiognomy, and common names Table 2. Synonymy crosswalk Table 3. Wetness ratings and plant families INTRODUCTION This list was developed as part of a revised and expanded system for Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) in Missouri. -
The Frequency of Polyploid Speciation in Vascular Plants
The frequency of polyploid speciation in vascular plants Troy E. Wooda,b,1, Naoki Takebayashic, Michael S. Barkerb,d, Itay Mayrosee, Philip B. Greenspoond, and Loren H. Riesebergb,d aInstitute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Mu¨nster, 48149 Mu¨nster, Germany; bDepartment of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405; cInstitute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775; and Departments of dBotany and eZoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 Edited by Peter R. Crane, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved June 23, 2009 (received for review November 13, 2008) Since its discovery in 1907, polyploidy has been recognized as an contrast, polyploid incidence is distributed less equitably among 2 ϭ Ͻ 2 ϭ important phenomenon in vascular plants, and several lines of families ( 198 4,259.41, P 0.00001, R 0.116). Overall, with evidence indicate that most, if not all, plant species ultimately have the exception of the species-poor gymnosperms, vascular plant a polyploid ancestry. However, previous estimates of the fre- species derived from recent polyploid events are ubiquitous and quency of polyploid speciation suggest that the formation and represent a large fraction of named diversity, a pattern that also establishment of neopolyploid species is rare. By combining infor- holds for bryophytes (12). Interestingly, generic base counts mation from the botanical community’s vast cytogenetic and are negatively associated with polyploid incidence in angio- 2 ϭ Ͻ 2 ϭ phylogenetic databases, we establish that 15% of angiosperm and sperms ( 3 2,798.01, P 0.00001, R 0.085; Fig. -
Oenothera, a Unique Model to Study the Role of Plastids in Speciation
Oenothera, a unique model to study the role of plastids in speciation Dissertation der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München vorgelegt von Stephan Greiner am 15. Mai 2008 Erstgutachter: Professor Reinhold G. Herrmann Zweitgutachter: Professor Wolfgang Stephan Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 19. Juni 2008 Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Eukaryotic genomes are integrated and compartmentalized ...................................... 1 1.2. Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities and asymmetric hybridization barriers .......... 2 1.2.1. The model of Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility .............................................. 4 1.2.2. “Speciation genes” have not yet been identified for PGI ..................................... 5 1.3. Hybridization barriers formed by plastids .................................................................. 6 1.4. The occurrence of PGI in natural populations is underestimated ............................ 10 1.5. Physiology and cell biology of PGI ......................................................................... 14 1.5.1. Albinotic phenotypes of PGI .............................................................................. 15 1.5.2. PGI phenotypes with affected cell growth and function .................................... 15 1.6. Oenothera as a molecular model to investigate PGI ................................................ 17