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Association of KRT35, KRT2.10 and BFMS Polymorphisms with Wool Quality Traits in Egyptian Sheep Breeds

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Association of KRT35, KRT2.10 and BFMS Polymorphisms with Wool Quality Traits in Egyptian Sheep Breeds Current Science International Volume : 07 | Issue : 01| Jan.- Mar. | 2018 ISSN: 2077-4435 Pages: 101-115 Association of KRT35, KRT2.10 and BFMS Polymorphisms with Wool Quality Traits in Egyptian Sheep Breeds Haidan M. El-Shorbagy1, Eman H. El-Awad1, Hassan R. Darwish2, Mahmoud M. Amer1 and Ibrahim M. Farag2 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt. 2Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt. Received: 12 Feb. 2018 / Accepted: 21 Mar. 2018 / Publication date: 31 Mar. 2018 ABSTRACT This study approach aimed to identify the genetic polymorphisms of some genes that have notable effect on wool quality traits in Egyptian sheep breeds, including staple length (STL), fiber diameter (FD), staple strength (STR) and clean fleece weight (CFW). KRT35 and KRT2.10 (KRT83) genes that code for the keratin intermediate-filament proteins (KRTs) along with microsatellites BFMS were targeted for this investigation. Data from PCR-SSCP assay of the KRT2.10 gene showed one PCR- SSCP pattern, confirmed by RFLP analysis using restriction enzyme (Bse3D I) showing one genotype of KRT2.10 gene with one undigested band at 191 bp. On the other hand, KRT35 using PCR-SSCP analysis revealed three different banding patterns corresponding to three genotypes AA, AB and AC (with frequencies 0.92, 0.02, 0.05 respectively). Sequencing analysis of different KRT35 genotypes revealed that A allele represents substitution of G/A at position 4016, allele B showed substitution of G/A at position 4056, and allele C revealed substitution of C/T at position 4027. This is the first study that recorded new SNPs for KRT 35 gene submitted in the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) with Accession No LC191188, LC192801 and LC192802.1 for A/A, G/A and C/T respectively. AA genotype of KRT35 gene exhibited the highest degree of association with STR (P < 0.05) in all breeds except in Barki, whereas it exhibited the highest degree of association with STL (P<0.05) in Barki breed only. Standard polyacrylamide gel (PAGE) analysis of BFMS microsatellites revealed three different banding patterns corresponding to three genotypes frequencies AB (0.50), AC (0.25), BC (0.25). Sequencing analysis of BFMS revealed three different DNA sequences with different CA microsatellite repeats AB (17 CA) repeats, BC (13 CA) repeats and AC (14 CA) repeats. Only AB and AC genotypes showed significant effect P< 0.05 with wool traits. AC genotype exhibited the highest degree of association with (STL) (P < 0.04) in Barki, and genotype AB exhibited the highest degree of association with (STR) (P < 0.01) in Rahmani. This study adds evidence for using the polymorphisms of KRT35 and BFMS as gene markers of wool quality traits for effective selection program in Egyptian sheep breeds. Key words: Clean fleece weight KRT2.10 gene, KRT35 gene, microsatellite (BFMS), Ovis aries, single strand conformation polymorphism, Restriction fragment length polymorphism Introduction Sheep are valuable resource for the animal fiber industry. In Egypt, Ossimi, Rahmani and Barki are the main sheep breeds that represent 65% of the total population (Galal, 2006). It is important to explore the inherent potential of native sheep in order to improve the quality of their wool and to select the best breeding stock of the next generation. Identification of genetic markers and vital genes which responsible for wool growth and quality traits is important for genetic enhancement of wool sheep (Dominik 2005; Ian William and Ian Robert 2005; Lamy et al. 2009; Rong et al. 2015). Genetic marker identification can be also used to develop transgenic lines and/or to introduce new therapeutic agents that can be used to modify the desirable attributes of fiber by changing gene expression (Ian William and Ian Robert 2005). Keratin intermediate-filament proteins (KRT) and keratin intermediate filament-associated proteins (KAP) are the main proteins constituents that make up the wool fiber (Powell and Rogers 1994; Corresponding Author: Haidan M. El-Shorbagy, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt. Email: [email protected] 101 Curr. Sci. Int., 7(1): 101-115, 2018 ISSN: 2077-4435 Phuaa et al. 2015). They are encoded by the keratin genes (KRT) and keratin-associated protein genes (KRTAP), respectively. KRTs form filaments that imbedded within a matrix of the KAP proteins (Hediger et al. 1991; Ahlawat et al. 2014). It is plausible that variations in the KRT genes which alter protein products could affect the characteristics of wool fibers. The association of genetic markers for the KRT proteins and KAPs has been reported with variation in fiber diameter (Parsons et al. 1996; Beh et al. 2001), staple strength (Rogers et al. 1994; Rogers 1994), and wool color and brightness (McKenzie Grant 2002). Moreover, two alleles at BFMS microsatellite locus were found to be significantly associated with the variation of clean fleece weight (CFW) and greasy fleece weight (GFW) (Bot et al. 2004). Here, the authors performed the association analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in two Ovine KRT genes and BFMS microsatellite regions with wool quality traits. Polymorphisms have been analyzed using different techniques including restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and standard polyacrylamide gel (PAGE); and further confirmed by sequencing selective samples from different patterns, to determine the effect of these variations on wool quality traits within Egyptian domestic sheep. Materials and Methods Chemicals All chemicals were of analytical grade and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Animals The study has been conducted with four breeds of Egyptian domestic sheep (32 months of age): Barki (14 males and 20 females), Rahmani (9 males and 12 females), Ossimi (9 males and 13 females), and one cross-bred Ossimi x Barki (10 males and 10 females). Barki breed was collected from Nubaria Farm, National Research Centre, Egypt, while other breeds were sourced from two animal production farms belong to Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University and Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Egypt. This study was performed according to authorization and granted by the National Research Center. All procedures involving animals were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt with Permit Number: CUFS F Mol. Biol. 50 15. Measurements of wool traits Left mid-side wool samples were taken from animals and fleece samples were analyzed at Desert Research Center (DRC) Helmeyat AZ Zaytoun, Qesm Al Matareyah, Cairo Governorate. Ten staples were taken from each greasy sample and used for measuring the percentages of staple length (STL), fiber diameter (FD), staple strength (STR) and clean fleece weight (CFW) (El-Gabbas 1998). FD and CFW were measured as mentioned in our previously published study (Darwish et al. 2017), while STR and STL Measurements were as follow: Staple strength was estimated by measuring the force required to break the staple in Newton and dividing this value by the thickness of the staple in Kilotex. Two staples have been plucked at random from each greasy sample to be prepared for measuring their strength using the Agritest Staple Breaker (Caffin 1980) and to be in harmonious with the procedure displayed by (El-Gabbas 1999). Staple length was the average of 10 staples; measurements were made from the base to the dense part of the tip of the staple to the nearest 0.5 cm (Chapman 1960). Blood sample collection and DNA extraction Eight ml blood were collected from each animal, by jugular vein puncture.in vaccutioner tube containing EDTA as anticoagulant. Blood was transported to the laboratory in thermocol box on ice. The genomic DNA was extracted from blood using GeneJET mini kit (Thermo scientific Co. Lot 102 Curr. Sci. Int., 7(1): 101-115, 2018 ISSN: 2077-4435 number (00174737), USA) and processed using the manufacturer’s protocol. DNA concentration was determined, using Nano Drop1000 Thermo Scientific spectrophotometer. The quality of DNA was checked by 1.5% Ethidium Bromide stained agarose gel electrophoresis on UV trans- illuminator. PCR amplification All the primer sequences used in the study were obtained from previously published literature Table (1). All primers were synthesized by (Thermo-Scientific, USA). The PCR reaction mixture was set up in a total volume of 50µl containing: 21 l autoclaved ultrafiltered water, 2 l template DNA (50 ng), 1 l forward primer (100 pmol), 1 l reverse primer (100 pmol), and finally 25 l Taq enzyme (Qiagen).The amplification included initial denaturation at 94 °C for 5 min, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C for 30 seconds, annealing at the temperature specified in Table 1 for 30 seconds and extension at 72 °C for 45 seconds, with a final extension of 72 °C for 7 min. Finally, the PCR products were stored at 4°C. The amplicons were checked by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis at 85V for 30 min and was visualized under UV light and photographed by BioRad Documentation System Hercules, CA, USA. Table 1: Primer sequences and source references for each locus investigated Annealing Product size Reference Locus Primer sequence temp (bp) source (o C) Forward primer: AAGCCAAGGCCATTGTATCCA (Yu et al. KRT35 57 241 Reverse primer: 2011) AAAACCTGACCCAGGAGGCA Forward primer: (Rogers ATGGCCTGCCTGCTCAAGGAGTAC KRT2.10 60 191 1994) Reverse primer: NC_019460.2 CTTAGGACTGAGACTAGGATGAGG Forward primer: CAACGGTCTGCAACCGAATTACC (Bot et al. BFMS 58 200 Reverse primer: 2004) CAATCCGTGGGTTGGAACACAA Genotyping I-Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism Analysis (SSCP) 5 µl of the purified PCR products were mixed with 5 µl of denaturing loading dye (95% formamide, 0.1% bromophenol blue, 0.1% xylene cyanol FF and 0.5 µl of 15 % Ficoll ), and 5 µl of TE buffer then the mixture was denatured by heating at 95°C for 5 min, and was immediately chilled on ice for 10 min (Gasser et al.
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