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The First Intensive Researchers Meeting on Communities and the 2003 Convention: “Documentation of Intangible Cultural Heritage as a Tool for Community’s Safeguarding Activities” FINAL REPORT 3–4 MarchIRCI 2012 Tokyo, Japan Organised by International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI) The First Intensive Researchers Meeting on Communities and the 2003 Convention: “Documentation of Intangible Cultural Heritage as a Tool for Community’s Safeguarding Activities” FINAL REPORT 3–4 March 2012 Tokyo, Japan Organised by International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI) Published by International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI) c/o Sakai City Museum, 2 cho Mozusekiun-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai-city, Osaka 590-0602, Japan [email protected] Editorial Design by Yasuyuki Uzawa Printed by Bigaku-Shuppan, JULY 2012 © International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage In the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI), 2012 All photographs on the cover page are part of the Archives and Community Partnership project of the Archives and Research Centre for Ethnomusicology, American Institute of Indan Studies (ARCE). Copyright ARCE. Table of Contents 1. Foreword ...................................................................................................................... 6 2. Proceedings ................................................................................................................. 8 3. Experts’ paper Research and Documentation as tools for sustaining ICH: Archives and Community Partnership – A case study from India Shubha Chaudhuri ........................... 18 Examples of community-based ICH transmission and practice needs being met by research and documentation projects Harriet Deacon ...................................................... 28 Community Participation in the Documentation Process and the Convention for Safeguarding the ICH Toshiyuki Kono ................................................................................... 32 A brief overview of approaches to engaging younger generations with their Cultural Heritage, through audiovisual productions Metje Postma ................................................................ 34 All Heritage is Intangible: a case study from Castleford, West Yorkshire, England Laurajane Smith .................................................................................................................... 49 The Guidelines for Ethical Research in Indigenous Studies at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Luke Taylor ................................................ 55 Documentation for Practitioners Gopal Venu ......................................................................... 60 Communities and documentation in Indonesian safeguarding policies Wim van Zanten ....... 63 Annexes Annex I: IRCI’s pilot project by Misako Ohnuki .................................................................... 72 Annex II: General Information ................................................................................................. 74 Annex III: List of Participants ................................................................................................... 76 Annex IV: Programme ............................................................................................................... 78 Annex V: Text of the “Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage” ...... 80 Documentation of ICH as a tool for community safeguarding activities 1. Foreword 2012 Meeting on Documentation of ICH: International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI) 1. Foreword The Asian and the Pacific region is rich in a variety of intangible cultural heritage including performing arts, traditional music, drama and other forms of cultural expression. Due to the rapid social changes taking place in many parts of the region, however, a significant part of this rich intangible heritage is on the verge of extinction. Over the years, many researchers (including anthropologists, musicologists and others) as well as broadcasting companies have been documenting intangible cultural heritage for various purposes. The UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage has now brought into the spotlight the crucial role of the communities concerned, the bearers and transmitters, in safeguarding their ICH through continued practice and transmission. The Convention emphasizes the importance of ensuring the active participation of the communities, groups and individuals concerned in all activities concerning their ICH (Article 15), including research and documentation as safeguarding activities (Article 2.3). The Convention encourages States Parties to foster the development of ‘research methodologies, with a view to effective safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage, in particular the intangible cultural heritage in danger’ (Article 13(c)). There are not enough examples of documentation projects where the needs of the communities concerned have been taken into account in project design, in which the research has been done by or with the active involvement and consent of the communities concerned, and where community members have been able to access and use project data for safeguarding purposes. In line with the Convention, it is our urgent task to foster the development of research methodologies and guidelines to help ensure that research activities contribute to safeguarding, especially for ICH on the verge of extinction. Given this background, the International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI), the UNESCO Category II Centre established in Japan in 2011, decided to organize a meeting with researchers from around the world who are actively involved in community-based documentation with the aim of safeguarding. The meeting aimed at sharing good practices, and to facilitate discussion of documentation approaches that may be used by communities as a tool for the safeguarding of their ICH. The researchers developed a framework for “Guidelines for ICH documentation as a tool for community safeguarding” which might be a first step towards practical approaches in the Asia and the Pacific regions in the future. Misako Ohnuki Deputy Director IRCI 6 Documentation of ICH as a tool for community safeguarding activities 2. Proceedings 2012 Meeting on Documentation of ICH: International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI) 2. Proceedings Opening and introduction Mr Toshiyuki Kono, chairperson of the meeting, Professor of Law at Kyushu University (Japan), opened the meeting, and participants and observers introduced themselves. Ms Misako Ohnuki, Deputy Director of the International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI), thanked everyone for coming and explained the role of IRCI and its mission in particular in relation to Article 15 of the Convention on ‘community participation’. She added that this was to be the first of several meetings in a series focused on documentation as a tool for community safeguarding activities (for more details please refer to her paper in the Annex). Mr Kono explained how the work of the meeting relates to UNESCO’s Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (hereafter, the Convention). Article 15 of the Convention strongly encourages the participation of relevant communities, groups and individuals in the safeguarding of their intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Community participation and consent is required for the elaboration of nominations to the Lists of the Convention and the elaboration and implementation of safeguarding measures (see the criteria for inscription: OD 1 U4, OD 2 R4). Community participation is also required for the identification and definition of elements of their ICH (Article 11b), which is necessary in the compilation of inventories. Although the Convention and its Operational Directives (ODs) thus encourage and even require community participation in various activities relating to the safeguarding of their ICH, there has not been sufficient discussion on how to enable broader community participation in documentation of their ICH so that this can contribute to its safeguarding. The meeting has been convened to discuss this issue. Presentations: Session 1 Mr Wim van Zanten, of the Department of Cultural Anthropology and Development Sociology at Leiden University (the Netherlands), gave a presentation on biases in the documentation of ICH in Indonesian nomination files for Anklung, a musical tradition, and Batik, a fabric dyeing method. He noted that the quality of many of the videos provided in nomination files is poor, and where this is the case the awareness-raising function of the lists cannot be properly achieved. He also discussed some broader ethical issues in community-based research, including informed consent and the archiving and use of research materials. Ms Laurajane Smith, Professor at the School of Archaeology and Anthropology at the Australian National University in Canberra (Australia), argued that all heritage (including built heritage) is intangible if we view heritage as a cultural process, or performance, that references the past and constructs social values and identity. She discussed the way in which 8 2012