Some facts about rajasthan 2020 pdf Continue State in Northern India This article is about the Indian state. In the area of the ancient city of Samarkand you can see Registan. For the desert in Afghanistan, see Rigestan. The state in IndiaRajasthanState from above, from left to right: Tar Desert, Gateshwar Mahadeva Temple in Chittorgarha, Jantar Mantar, Jodhpur Blue City, Mount Abu, Amer Fort Seal of Rajasthan in IndiaCoordinates (Jaipur): 26'36'N 73'48'E / 26.6'N 73.8'E / 26.6; 73.8Coordinates: 26'36'N 73'48'E / 26.6'N 73.8'E / 26.6; 73.8Country IndiaEstablished30 March 1949CapitalJaipurLargest cityJaipurDistricts List AjmerAlwarBanswaraBaranBarmerBharatpurBhilwaraBikanerBundiChittorgarhChuruDausaDholpurDungarpurHanumangarhJaipurJaisalmerJalorJhalawarJhunjhunuJodhpurKarauliKotaNagaurPaliPratapgarhRajsamandSawai MadhopurSikarSirohiSri GanganagarTonkUdaipur Government • BodyGovernment of Rajasthan • GovernorKalraj Mishra[1] • Chief MinisterAshok Gehlot (INC) • LegislatureUnicameral (200 seats) • Parliamentary constituencyRajya Sabha (10 seats)Lok Sabha (25 seats) • High CourtRajasthan High CourtArea • Total342,239 km2 (132,139 sq mi)Area rank1stPopulation (2011)[2] • Total68,548,437 • Rank7th • Density200/km2 (520/sq mi)Demonym(s)RajasthaniGSDP (2019–20)[3] • Total₹10.20 lakh crore (US$140 billion) • Per capita₹118,159 (US$1,700)Languages[4] • OfficialHindi • Additional officialEnglish • RegionalRajasthaniTime zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)ISO 3166 codeIN-RJVehicle registrationRJ-HDI (2018) 0.629[5]medium · 29thLiteracy (2011)66.1% Sex ratio (2011)928 ♀/1000 ♂'6'websiteRajasthan.gov.inSymbols Rajast The EmblemEmblem of Rajasthan Dance GhoomarMammal Camel and ChinkaraBird GodawanFlower RohidaTree KhejriGame Basketball Rajasthan (/ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/Hindu pronunciation: raːdʒəsˈthaːn (listen); literally, Land of Kings is a state in northern India. The state covers an area of 342,239 square kilometers (132,139 square miles), or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographic area. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh most populous state. Rajasthan is located on the northwestern side of India, where it includes much of the wide and inhospitable Tar Desert (also known as the Great Indian Desert) and shares the border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west, along the Valley of the Satledge Indus River. It borders five other Indian states: Punjab in the north; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in the north-east; Madhya Pradesh in the southeast; and Gujarat in the southwest. Its geographical location ranges from 23.3 to 30.12 north latitude and 69.30 to 78.17 East Longitude, with tropic of cancer passing through the southern tip of the state. Highlights include the ruins of the Indus Valley in Calibangan and The temples of Dilwara, the place of Jain pilgrimage at Rajasthan's only hill station, Mount Abu, in the old range of Mount Aravalli and in the east Rajasthan, the national park Keoladeo Bharatpur, a World Heritage site. Rajasthan is also home to three national tiger reserves, Ranthambore National Park in Savai Madhopur, the Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alvar and the Tiger Mukundra Hills Nature Reserve in Kota. The state was formed on March 30, 1949, when Rajputana - the name adopted by the British Raj for his dependence in the region - was merged into the Dominion of India. Its capital and largest city is Jaipur. Other important cities are Jodhpur, Kota, Bikaner, Ajmer, Bharatpur and Udaipur. Rajasthan's economy is India's seventh largest economy with ₹ 10.20 lach crore ($140 billion) of gross domestic product and GDP per capita of ₹ 118,000 ($1,700). Rajasthan ranks 29th among Indian states in the Human Development Index. Rajasthan's etymology literally means Land of the Kings. The oldest reference to Rajasthan is in a stone inscription dating back to 625 AD (14), a printed mention of the name Rajasthan appears in the 1829 publication Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan or the Central and Western Rajput states of India, while the earliest known entry of Rajputan as the name of the region is in the memoirs of George Thomas. John Key, in his book India: History, stated that Rajputana was invented by the British in 1829 by John Briggs, translating the history of early Islamic India, using the phrase Rajput (Rajput) princes rather than Indian princes. Major history articles: The history of Rajasthan and the list of battles in Rajasthan Ancient parts of what is now Rajasthan were part of the Vedic civilization and civilization of the Indus Valley. Kalibangan, in the Hanumangarh district, was the major capital of the Indus Valley province. Other archaeological excavations in Balatal in the Udaipur area show a modern settlement with the Harrapan civilization dating from 3000 to 1500 BC. Stone Age guns between 5,000 and 200,000 years old were found in the Bundy and Bhilvar districts of the state. The Kingdom of Macgye vedic civilization of India is said to be roughly in line with the former state of Jaipur in Rajasthan and included the entire Alvar with parts of Bharatpur. The capital of Maccchi was in Viratanagar (modern-day Bayrat), which is said to have been named after its founding king, Virat. Bhargava identifies two districts of Junjunu and Sikar and parts of Jaipur district, as well as Haryana Mahendragarh and Revari districts, as part of the Vedic State of Brahmawart. Bhargava also finds the current Sahib River as the Vedik Drishadwati River, which is joined by Saraswati formed the borders of the Vedic state of Brahmawart. Manu and Brig told Manusmriti only about impregnaters in this area. The ashrams of the Vedic Straits of Bhrigu and his son, Chaiwan Rishi, for whom Chiwanprash was formulated, were located near Dhosi Hill, part of which is located in the village of Dhosi in the Junjhunu Rajastan district, and some are located in the Mahendragarh district of Haryana. The Western Kshatrapa (405-35 BC), the rulers of Saka in western India, were successors to the Indo-Scythians and were at the same time as the Kushans who ruled the northern Indian subcontinent. The Indo-Scythians invaded the Ujaina area and founded the Saka era (with their calendar), marking the beginning of the centenarians of the state of Saka Western Satrap. The classic temple of Gateshwara Mahadeva in the Temple Complex of Baroli. The temples were built between the 10th and 11th centuries AD by the Gurjar-Pratihara dynasty. Gurjara-Pratihara Gurjara ruled many dynasties in this part of the country, the region was known as Gurjaratra. Until the 10th century AD, almost all of Northern India recognized the superiority of the Gurjars, with their power in Kannauja. Gurjar Pratihara's Empire acted as a barrier for Arab invaders from the 8th to the 11th century. The main achievement of the Gurjar-Pratihara Empire lies in its successful resistance to foreign incursions from the west, dating back to the days of Junaid. Historian R.K. Majumdar says that this was openly recognized by Arab writers. He further notes that historians in India have questioned the slow progress of muslim invaders in India compared to their rapid advance in other parts of the world. Now there seems little doubt that it was the power of Gurjar Pratihara's army that effectively blocked the progress of the Arabs outside Sindh, their only conquest for nearly 300 years. Medieval and early modern Rana Kumbha was the vanguard of the 15th century Rajput revival. Emperor Hema, who rose from obscurity and briefly established himself as a ruler in northern India, from Punjab to Bengal, in defiance of the warring empires of Sur and the Mughals. Maharana Uday Singh II founded Udaipur, which became the new capital of the kingdom of Mewar after Fort Chittor was conquered by Mughal Emperor Akbar. Maharana Pratap Singh, the ruler of the sixteenth-century Rajput Mewar, is known for his defense of his kingdom from the Mughal invasion. Suraj Mal was the ruler of Bharatpur, some modern historians described him as the Platon of the Jat people and the modern writer as Jat Odyssey, because of his political foresight, constant intellect and clear vision. Traditionally Brahmans, Rajput, Guryara, Jats, Minas, Bhils, Dhankis, Rajpurohits, Charans, Sunaars, Yadavs, Bishnua, Megvals, Sermals, Rajput Malis (Sainis) and others made a great contribution to the construction of the state of Rajasthan. All of these tribes have encountered great difficulties in protecting their culture and land. Millions of them were killed trying to protect their land. Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Muhammad Gori in the first Battle of Taraina in 1191. In 1192 AD, Muhammad Gori decisively defeated Prithviraj in the second Battle of Taraina. After Chauhan's defeat in 1192 AD, part of Rajasthan approached Muslim rulers. The main centers of their powers were Nagaur and Ajmer. Rantambhor was also under their suzerainty. In the early 13th century, Mevar was the most famous and powerful state in Rajasthan. The Rajputs resisted Muslim incursions into India, although a number of Rajput kingdoms eventually became subordinates to Delhi's Sultanat. The Rajputs have for centuries resisted Islamic incursions with their war and chivalry. Rana Mewara led other kingdoms in their resistance to external rule. Rana Hammir Singh, defeated the Tuhlaq dynasty and restored much of Rajasthan. The indomitable Rana Kumbha defeated the sultans of Malva, Nagaura and Gujarat and made Mewar the most powerful kingdom of Rajput in India. Ambitious Rana Sanga united various clans of Rajput and fought against foreign powers in India. Rana Sanga defeated the Afghan Lodi Empire in Delhi and defeated the Turkic sultanates of Malwa and Gujarat. Rana Sanga then tried to create an Indian empire, but was defeated by the first Mughal emperor Babur in Hanua. The defeat was caused by the betrayal of the Tomarine King Sylhadi From Reisen. After Rana Sangas's death, there was no one to check the rapid expansion of the Mughal empire. Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, a Hindu emperor, was born in the village of Maceri in the Alvaro district in 1501.