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Continue State in Northern This article is about the Indian state. In the area of the ancient city of Samarkand you can see Registan. For the desert in Afghanistan, see Rigestan. The state in IndiaRajasthanState from above, from left to right: Tar Desert, Gateshwar Mahadeva in Chittorgarha, Jantar Mantar, Blue City, , Seal of Rajasthan in IndiaCoordinates (): 26'36'N 73'48'E / 26.6'N 73.8'E / 26.6; 73.8Coordinates: 26'36'N 73'48'E / 26.6'N 73.8'E / 26.6; 73.8Country IndiaEstablished30 March 1949CapitalJaipurLargest cityJaipurDistricts List AjmerAlwarBanswaraBaranBarmerBharatpurBhilwaraBikanerBundiChittorgarhChuruDausaDholpurDungarpurHanumangarhJaipurJaisalmerJalorJhalawarJhunjhunuJodhpurKarauliKotaNagaurPaliPratapgarhRajsamandSawai MadhopurSikarSirohiSri GanganagarTonkUdaipur Government • BodyGovernment of Rajasthan • GovernorKalraj Mishra[1] • Chief MinisterAshok Gehlot (INC) • LegislatureUnicameral (200 seats) • Parliamentary constituencyRajya Sabha (10 seats)Lok Sabha (25 seats) • High CourtRajasthan High CourtArea • Total342,239 km2 (132,139 sq mi)Area rank1stPopulation (2011)[2] • Total68,548,437 • Rank7th • Density200/km2 (520/sq mi)Demonym(s)RajasthaniGSDP (2019–20)[3] • Total₹10.20 lakh crore (US$140 billion) • Per capita₹118,159 (US$1,700)Languages[4] • OfficialHindi • Additional officialEnglish • RegionalRajasthaniTime zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)ISO 3166 codeIN-RJVehicle registrationRJ-HDI (2018) 0.629[5]medium · 29thLiteracy (2011)66.1% Sex ratio (2011)928 ♀/1000 ♂'6'websiteRajasthan.gov.inSymbols Rajast The EmblemEmblem of Rajasthan Dance GhoomarMammal Camel and ChinkaraBird GodawanFlower RohidaTree KhejriGame Basketball Rajasthan (/ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/Hindu pronunciation: raːdʒəsˈthaːn (listen); literally, Land of Kings is a state in northern India. The state covers an area of 342,239 square kilometers (132,139 square miles), or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographic area. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh most populous state. Rajasthan is located on the northwestern side of India, where it includes much of the wide and inhospitable Tar Desert (also known as the Great Indian Desert) and shares the border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and to the west, along the Valley of the Satledge Indus River. It borders five other Indian states: Punjab in the north; Haryana and in the north-east; in the southeast; and in the southwest. Its geographical location ranges from 23.3 to 30.12 north latitude and 69.30 to 78.17 East Longitude, with tropic of cancer passing through the southern tip of the state. Highlights include the ruins of the Indus Valley in Calibangan and The of Dilwara, the place of Jain pilgrimage at Rajasthan's only hill station, Mount Abu, in the old range of Mount Aravalli and in the east Rajasthan, the national park Keoladeo Bharatpur, a World Heritage site. Rajasthan is also home to three national tiger reserves, Ranthambore National Park in Savai Madhopur, the Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alvar and the Tiger Mukundra Hills Nature Reserve in Kota. The state was formed on March 30, 1949, when Rajputana - the name adopted by the British for his dependence in the region - was merged into the Dominion of India. Its capital and largest city is Jaipur. Other important cities are Jodhpur, Kota, , , Bharatpur and . Rajasthan's economy is India's seventh largest economy with ₹ 10.20 lach crore ($140 billion) of gross domestic product and GDP per capita of ₹ 118,000 ($1,700). Rajasthan ranks 29th among Indian states in the Human Development Index. Rajasthan's etymology literally means Land of the Kings. The oldest reference to Rajasthan is in a stone inscription dating back to 625 AD (14), a printed mention of the name Rajasthan appears in the 1829 publication Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan or the Central and Western states of India, while the earliest known entry of Rajputan as the name of the region is in the memoirs of George Thomas. John Key, in his book India: History, stated that Rajputana was invented by the British in 1829 by John Briggs, translating the history of early Islamic India, using the phrase Rajput (Rajput) princes rather than Indian princes. Major history articles: The history of Rajasthan and the list of battles in Rajasthan Ancient parts of what is now Rajasthan were part of the Vedic civilization and civilization of the Indus Valley. Kalibangan, in the , was the major capital of the Indus Valley province. Other archaeological excavations in Balatal in the Udaipur area show a modern settlement with the Harrapan civilization dating from 3000 to 1500 BC. Stone Age guns between 5,000 and 200,000 years old were found in the Bundy and Bhilvar districts of the state. The Kingdom of Macgye vedic civilization of India is said to be roughly in line with the former state of Jaipur in Rajasthan and included the entire Alvar with parts of Bharatpur. The capital of Maccchi was in Viratanagar (modern-day Bayrat), which is said to have been named after its founding king, Virat. Bhargava identifies two districts of Junjunu and and parts of , as well as Haryana Mahendragarh and Revari districts, as part of the Vedic State of Brahmawart. Bhargava also finds the current Sahib River as the Vedik Drishadwati River, which is joined by Saraswati formed the borders of the Vedic state of Brahmawart. Manu and Brig told Manusmriti only about impregnaters in this area. The ashrams of the Vedic Straits of Bhrigu and his son, Chaiwan Rishi, for whom Chiwanprash was formulated, were located near Dhosi Hill, part of which is located in the village of Dhosi in the Junjhunu Rajastan district, and some are located in the Mahendragarh district of Haryana. The Western Kshatrapa (405-35 BC), the rulers of Saka in western India, were successors to the Indo-Scythians and were at the same time as the Kushans who ruled the northern Indian subcontinent. The Indo-Scythians invaded the Ujaina area and founded the Saka era (with their calendar), marking the beginning of the centenarians of the state of Saka Western Satrap. The classic temple of Gateshwara Mahadeva in the Temple Complex of Baroli. The temples were built between the 10th and 11th centuries AD by the -Pratihara dynasty. Gurjara-Pratihara Gurjara ruled many dynasties in this part of the country, the region was known as Gurjaratra. Until the 10th century AD, almost all of Northern India recognized the superiority of the , with their power in Kannauja. Gurjar Pratihara's Empire acted as a barrier for Arab invaders from the 8th to the 11th century. The main achievement of the Gurjar-Pratihara Empire lies in its successful resistance to foreign incursions from the west, dating back to the days of Junaid. Historian R.K. Majumdar says that this was openly recognized by Arab writers. He further notes that historians in India have questioned the slow progress of muslim invaders in India compared to their rapid advance in other parts of the world. Now there seems little doubt that it was the power of Gurjar Pratihara's army that effectively blocked the progress of the Arabs outside Sindh, their only conquest for nearly 300 years. Medieval and early modern Rana Kumbha was the vanguard of the 15th century Rajput revival. Emperor Hema, who rose from obscurity and briefly established himself as a ruler in northern India, from Punjab to Bengal, in defiance of the warring empires of Sur and the Mughals. Maharana Uday Singh II founded Udaipur, which became the new capital of the kingdom of Mewar after Fort Chittor was conquered by Mughal Emperor Akbar. Singh, the ruler of the sixteenth-century Rajput Mewar, is known for his defense of his kingdom from the Mughal invasion. was the ruler of Bharatpur, some modern historians described him as the Platon of the Jat people and the modern writer as Jat Odyssey, because of his political foresight, constant intellect and clear vision. Traditionally Brahmans, Rajput, Guryara, Jats, Minas, Bhils, Dhankis, Rajpurohits, Charans, Sunaars, Yadavs, Bishnua, Megvals, Sermals, Rajput Malis (Sainis) and others made a great contribution to the construction of the state of Rajasthan. All of these tribes have encountered great difficulties in protecting their culture and land. Millions of them were killed trying to protect their land. Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Muhammad Gori in the first Battle of Taraina in 1191. In 1192 AD, Muhammad Gori decisively defeated Prithviraj in the second Battle of Taraina. After Chauhan's defeat in 1192 AD, part of Rajasthan approached Muslim rulers. The main centers of their powers were and Ajmer. Rantambhor was also under their suzerainty. In the early 13th century, Mevar was the most famous and powerful state in Rajasthan. The resisted Muslim incursions into India, although a number of Rajput kingdoms eventually became subordinates to 's Sultanat. The Rajputs have for centuries resisted Islamic incursions with their war and chivalry. Rana Mewara led other kingdoms in their resistance to external rule. Rana Hammir Singh, defeated the Tuhlaq dynasty and restored much of Rajasthan. The indomitable Rana Kumbha defeated the sultans of Malva, Nagaura and Gujarat and made Mewar the most powerful kingdom of Rajput in India. Ambitious Rana Sanga united various clans of Rajput and fought against foreign powers in India. Rana Sanga defeated the Afghan Lodi Empire in Delhi and defeated the Turkic sultanates of Malwa and Gujarat. Rana Sanga then tried to create an Indian empire, but was defeated by the first Mughal emperor Babur in Hanua. The defeat was caused by the betrayal of the Tomarine King Sylhadi From Reisen. After Rana Sangas's death, there was no one to check the rapid expansion of the . Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, a Hindu emperor, was born in the village of Maceri in the Alvaro district in 1501. He won 22 battles against afghans, from Punjab to Bengal, including the states of Ajmer and in Rajasthan, and defeated Akbar's forces twice, first in Agra and then in Delhi in 1556 at the Battle of Delhi, before joining the throne of Delhi and creating the Hindu Raj in Northern India, albeit briefly, from Purana Quill in Delhi. Hem Chandra was killed on the battlefield during the Second Battle of Panipat, fighting against the Mughals on November 5, 1556. Akbar shoots Commander Rajput Jaimale using a match during the siege of Chittor (1567-1568). During Akbar's reign, most of the Kings of Rajput accepted the Mughal suzerents, but the rulers of Mewar (Rana Uday Singh II) and Marwar (Rao Chandrasen Rathor) refused to have any alliance with the Mughal Greats. To teach the Rajputs a lesson, Akbar attacked Uday Singh and killed Commander Rajput Jaimal of Chitor and The Mewar residents in large numbers. Akbar killed 20 to 25,000 unarmed civilians in Chittor on the grounds that they were actively assisting in Maharana Pratap swore an oath to avenge the citizens of Chittor, he fought the Mughal Empire until his death and liberated most of Mewar, except For Chittor himself. Maharana Pratap soon became the most famous warrior of Rajasthan and became famous throughout India for his sporadic wars and noble actions. According to Satish Chandra, The disobedience of Rana Pratap of the mighty Mughal Empire, almost alone and without the help of other Rajput states, represents a glorious saga of Rajput's valor and the spirit of self-sacrifice for the sake of cherished principles. The methods of the sporadic war of Rana Pratap were later developed by Malik Ambar, General Dean, and Shivaji. Rana Amar Singh I continued his ancestor's war against the Mughals under Jehangir, he repelled the Mughal army in Dewar. Later, under the leadership of Prince Hurram, an expedition was sent again, which caused great damage to Mevar's life and property. Many temples were destroyed, several villages were illuminated, and women and children were captured and tortured to force Amar Singh to accept surrender. During the reign of Aurangzeb, Rana Raj Singh I and Vir Durgadas Rathor were the main ones who challenged the intolerant Emperor of Delhi. They took advantage of the hills of Aravalli and inflicted great damage on the Mughal armies trying to occupy Rajasthan. After the death of Aurangzeb Bahadur Shah, I tried to subdue Rajasthan, as did his ancestors, but his plan backfired when three Rajput Raja from Amber, Udaipur and Jodhpur jointly resisted the Mughals. The Rajputs first expelled the commandants jodhpur and Bayana and reinstated Amer in the overnight attack. They then killed Saeed Hussein Khan Barha, commandant Mewat and many other Mughal officers. Bahadur Shah I, then in The Dean was forced to patch up a truce with Rajput Rajas. The Jata, led by Suraj Mal, captured the Mughal garrison in Agra and looted the city, taking with them two large silver doors of entry to the famous Taj Mahal, which were then melted by Suraj Mal in 1763. Over the years, the Great Mughals have begun to have internal disputes that greatly distract them from time to time. The Mughal Empire continued to weaken, and with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the late 18th century, Rajputana came under the influence of the Marath. The Marat Empire, which replaced the Mughal Empire as the subcontinent lord, was finally replaced by the British Empire in 1818. In the 19th century, the Rajput kingdoms were exhausted, they were depleted financially and in manpower after continuous wars and because of heavy tributes, recovered from the Empire of Marat. To save their kingdoms from instability, rebellion and banditry, the Kings of Rajput made treaties with the British in the early 19th century, adopting british suzerain and over their external affairs in exchange for Autonomy. Contemporary See also: The list of palaces in Rajasthan Modern Rajasthan includes much of Rajputana, which includes former nineteen princely states, two chiefs, and the British district of Ajmer-Mervara. , Marwar (Jodhpur), Bikaner, Mewar (), Alwar and Dhundhar (Jaipur) were among the main princely states of Rajput. Bharatpur and were the princely states of Jat, while Tonk was the princely state under Patans. Geography Main article: Climate of Rajasthan This section does not refer to any sources. Please help improve this section by adding links to reliable sources. Non-sources of materials can be challenged and removed. (July 2013) (Learn how and when to delete this message template) Mount Abu is a popular hill station in Rajasthan. The Tar Desert near Jaisalmer. Aerial view of the hills of Udaipur and Arawali. The geographical features of Rajasthan are the Tar Desert and the Aravalli Range, which runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than 850 kilometers (530 miles). Mount Abu is located in the southwestern part of the ridge, separated from the main ridges by the West Banas River, although a number of broken ridges continue in Haryana towards Delhi, where it can be seen as an outcrop in the form of the Ijuma hill and ridges further north. About three-fifths of Rajasthan is northwest of Aravallis, leaving two-fifths in the east and south. The Aravalli Ridge runs through the state from the southwestern peak of Guru Shihar (Abu Mountain), which is 1,722 meters (5,650 feet) high, to Hetri in the northeast. This range divides the state by 60% in the northwest range and 40% in the southeast. The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with little water, but gradually improves from desert lands in the far west and northwest to relatively fertile and inhabited land to the east. The area includes the Tar Desert. In the south-eastern part, higher in height (100 to 350 m above sea level) and more fertile, has a very diversified topography. in the south lies the hilly tract of Mevar. In the south-east, a large area in the Areas of Kota and Bundy forms a dining room. To the north-east of these areas is a harsh region (bad land) after the Shambhala River line. Further north the country aligns out; the plains of the northeastern district of Bharatpur are part of the alluvial basin. The city of Merta is located in the geographical center of Rajasthan. The Aravalli Ridge and land in the east and southeast range tend to be more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the Catiavar-Gir dry deciduous forests of the ecoregion, with tropical dry forests wide-leaved that include teak, acacia, and other trees. The hilly Wagad region, where the cities of Dangarpur are located and is located in the southernmost part of Rajasthan, on the border with and Madhya Pradesh. With the exception of Mount Abu, The Wagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily wooded. To the north of Wagad is the Mewar region, where the cities of Udaipur and Chittaurgarh are located. The Adomi area is located in the southeast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. To the north of Hayoti and Mewara is the Dhundhar region, home to the state capital Jaipur. Mevat, the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. East and south-eastern Rajasthan is drained by the Banas and Shambhala rivers, the Tributaries of the Ganges. The northwestern part of Rajasthan is usually sandy and dry. Much of this region is covered by the Tar Desert, which extends to the surrounding parts of . The Aravalli range does not intercept the moisture-giving southwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea, as it lies in a direction parallel to the gymma wind, leaving the northwestern region in the shade of rain. The Tar Desert is sparsely populated; The city of Jodhpur is the largest city in the desert and is known as the gate of the Tar Desert. The desert has some large areas like Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner, and Nagur. This area is also important in terms of defence. Jodhpur Air Base is one of the largest airbases in India, and it is also home to RSCS bases and military bases. The single civilian airport is also located in Jodhpur. The northwestern prickly shrub forests lie in the strip around the Tar Desert, between the desert and Aravalli. In this region every year you receive less than 400 mm of rain. Temperatures can sometimes exceed 54 degrees Celsius in the summer months and fall below freezing point in winter. The districts of Godwar, Marwar and Shehavati are located in the forest area of prickly shrubs, as well as in the city of Jodhpur. The Looney River and its tributaries are the main river system of the Godwar and Marvar districts, depleting the western slopes of Aravallis and emptying the southwest into the great Ranch Rann wetlands in neighboring Gujarat. This river is salty in the lower range and stays drinking only until Balotar in the Barmer area. The Gaggar River, which originates in Haryana, represents 100 m. The river disappears into the sands of the Tar Desert in the northern corner of the state and is seen as the remnants of the primitive Saraswati River. Flora and Fauna Home article: Rajasthan Wildlife This section needs additional quotes to check. Please help improve this article by adding quotes to reliable sources. Non- sources of materials can be challenged and removed. (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this pattern message) State Of formation state symbols Rajasthan 1 November Animal Chinkara and Camel 43 Bird Godavan (Big Indian bustard) State Flower - Rohida State Flower 42 State KhejriGreat Indian bustard has been classified as critically endangered since 2011. Most of the total desert area with a small forest cover, Rajasthan has a rich and diverse flora and fauna. Natural vegetation is classified as the Northern Desert Thorny Forest (Champion 1936). They are found in small clusters scattered in more or less open form. The density and size of the sites increase from west to east after the increase in precipitation. The Jaisalmer Desert National Park, located on an area of 3,162 square kilometers (1,221 sq.m.), is a perfect example of the Tar Desert ecosystem and its diverse fauna. Shells and massive fossilized tree trunks in this park record the geological history of the desert. The region is a haven for migratory and resident desert birds. You can see a lot of eagles, harriers, falcons, buzzards, kestrels and vultures. Short- haired snake eagles (Circaetus gallicus), red eagles (Aquila rapax), spotted eagles (Aquila clanga), laggar falcons (Falco jugger) and kestrels are the most common ones. Ranthambore National Park, located in Savai Madhopur, one of the country's famous tiger sanctuaries, became part of the Tiger Project in 1973. On the hill of Dhosi, located in the Junjunu district, known as the Ashram of Chaiwan Rishi, where Chiwanprash was first formulated, unique and rare herbs grow. Sariska Reserve, located in the Alvar area, 200 km from Delhi and 107 km from Jaipur, covers an area of about 800 sq km. The area was declared a national park in 1979. The Tal Chapar Shrine is a small sanctuary in Sujangarh, Chooura District, 210 kilometres from Jaipur in the Shehavati district. This sanctuary is home to a large Blackbuck population. Desert foxes and caracals, the top predator, also known as the desert lynx, can also be seen, along with birds such as partridge, harriers, Eastern Imperial Eagle, Pale Harrier, Marsh Harrier, Short-Eyed Eagle, Tawny Eagle, Sparrow Hawk, Crested Lark, Demoiselle Crane, Skylarks, Green Man-Eater, Brown Dove Great Indian Bustan, known locally as godavan, and which is a state bird, was classified as a state bird. Wildlife Conservation Reclining Tiger, Ranthambora Rajasthan National Park is also being modified by its national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. There are four national parks and wildlife sanctuaries: Keladevi Bharatpur National Park, Sariska Tiger Alvar Nature Reserve, Ranthambor National Park and Jaisalmer Desert National Park. The Institute of National Level, Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI) Autonomous Institute of the Ministry of Forestry is located in Jodhpur and is constantly working on the flora of the desert and their conservation. Ranthambode National Park is 7 km from the railway station it's known all over the world Its population is tiger and is regarded as a wildlife lover and photographer as one of the best places in India to discover tigers. At one point, the tigers died out in Sarisk due to poaching and negligence, but five tigers were relocated there. Among the wildlife reserves are known Mount Abu reserves, bhensrod Garh Sanctuary, Darra Sanctuary, Jaisaman Reserve, Nature Reserve, Jawahar Sagar Sanctuary and Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary. Communications Major Providers and Telecommunications Companies are present in Rajasthan, including Airtel, Data Infosys Limited, Reliance Limited, Idea, Jio, RAILTEL, Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), Tata Telecom and Vodafone. Data Infosys became the first Internet service provider (ISP) to bring the Internet to Rajasthan in April 1999, and OASIS became the first private mobile phone company. Today the largest coverage area and clientele with BSNL. Government and Politics Highlights: Politics of Rajasthan, the Rajasthan government, and the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Rajasthan Politics are dominated mainly by the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Indian National Congress. The administrative units of the and Yag Mandir from afar, Lake Pichola, Udaipur. Main article: Rajasthan Rajasthan districts divided into 33 districts in seven divisions: Jaipur Jaipur JaipurJanwarJunjhunjunSucardDau Jodhpur BarmerJasalmerJorJodpurpalisYSYrohi AjmerBhivarANagaurK Udaypur Udaipur Bikaner BikanerChuruSri GanganagarHanumangarh Kota BaranBundiJhalawarKota Bharatpur BharatpurDholkaraulisawai Madhopur Economics Main article: Rajasthan Economics Timeline development of Bhadl Sunny Park (India) Rajastan. Rajasthan's economy is primarily agricultural and pastoral. Wheat and barley are grown in large areas, as well as legumes, sugar cane and oil crops. Cotton and tobacco are the monetary cultures of the state. Rajasthan is one of the largest producers of food oils in India and the second largest producer of oil semes. Rajasthan is also the largest wool producer in India and a major producer and consumer of opium. There are basically two harvest seasons. Water for irrigation comes from wells and reservoirs. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates northwest Of Rajasthan. The main industries are mineral, agricultural and textile industries. Rajasthan is the second largest producer of polyester fiber in India. Several well-known chemical and engineering companies are located in the city of Kota in southern Rajasthan. Rajasthan is outstanding in the career and mining industry in India. The Taj Mahal was built of white marble, which was mined from the city of Makran. The state is the second largest source of cement in India. This is rich salt deposits in Sambar, copper mines in Hetri, Junjhunu and zinc mines at the Mines of Dariba, zavar and Rampura Aguch (open night) near Bhigwara. The size of the stone is also mined in Rajasthan. Jodhpur sandstone is mainly used in monuments, important buildings and residential buildings. This stone is called Chittar Pattar. Jodhpur is a leader in the craft and guar gum industry. Rajasthan is also part of the Mumbai-Delhi Industrial Corridor set to benefit economically. The state receives 39% of DMIC, with the main districts of Jaipur, Alvar, Kota and Bhilwara benefiting. Rajasthan also has low silica limestone reserves. Noha Broomes (Jadu) industry is a leading broom manufacturer in Rajasthan and is also one of the leading small industries located in Noha ( . Nagaur is the top masala producer of the area in Rajasthan as Mayank Spice (Masale), MDH masale, etc. Rajasthan has connected 100% of the population to electricity in 2019 (increasing the rate of access to electricity from 71% of the population in 2015). The renewable energy sector plays the most important role in increasing production capacity, with a focus on solar energy. In 2020, Bhadla Solar Park was recognized as the largest cluster of photovoltaic power plants in one region of the world, with installed capacity exceeding 2.2 GW. Agricultural production This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding links to reliable sources. Non-sources of materials can be challenged and removed. (March 2017) Rajasthan is the largest producer of barley, mustard, pearl millet, coriander, fenugreek and guara in India. Rajasthan produces more than 72% of the world's guara and 60% of Indian barley. Rajasthan is a major producer of aloe vera, amla, oranges leading producer of corn, peanuts. The initiated the cultivation of olives with the technical support of Israel. Currently, the production of olives in the state is about 100-110 tons per year. Rajasthan is the second largest milk producer in India. Rajasthan has 13,800 dairy cooperative societies. The Transport Jaipur International Airport Maharaja Express dining salon Jaipur Metro is an important urban transport traffic NH 8 between Udaipur and Ahmedabad Rajasthan connected to many national highways. The most famous is NH 8, which is India's first 4-8 highway lane. Rajasthan also has an inter-grid surface transport system, both in terms of railways and in terms of the bus network. All major cities are connected by air, rail and road. Air There Are Six Rajasthan Airport - Jaipur International Airport, , Udaipur Airport and the recently launched Ajmer Airport, and Jaisalmer Airport. These airports connect Rajasthan with major cities in India, such as Delhi and Mumbai. There is another airport in Kota but not open to commercial/civilian flights yet. Rail Rajasthan is connected to the main cities of India by rail. Jaipur, Kota, Ajmer, Jodhpur, Bharatpur, Bikaner, Alwar, and Udaipur are the main railway stations in Rajasthan. The city of Kota is the only electrified section served by three Rajdhani express trains and trains to all major cities in India. There is also an international railway, the Tar Express from Jodhpur (India) to Karachi (Pakistan). However, this is not open to foreign nationals. Rajasthan Road is well connected to the country's main cities, including Delhi, Ahmedabad and Indore on public and national highways and is served by the Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC) and private operators. In March 2017, according to Rajasthan's Minister of Public Works, 75 percent of all national highways are being built in Rajasthan. Demography See also: List of people from Rajasthan Historical PopulationYearPop.±% p.a.190110,294,090- 191110,983,509'0.65%192110,292,292,509'0.65%192110,292,292,292648-0.0.65%193111,747,974-1.33%194113,863,859-1.67%195115,970,774-774-1.42%196120,3155 602-2.35%197125,765,806-2.49%198134,261,862- 2.89%199144,005,990 3%200156,507,188-2.53%201168,548,437'1.95%Source: (9.07%) Sikhism (1.27%) (0.91%) Christianity (0.14%) Buddhism (0.02%) Other religions (0.01%) Unspecified (0.10%) According to the 2011 Indian Census, the total population of Rajasthan is 68,548,437. The indigenous villages of Rajasthan make up the majority of the state's population. The state of Rajasthan is also inhabited by Sindhi, who arrived in Rajasthan from Sindh Province (now Pakistan) during the Indian-Pakistan secession in 1947. As far as religion is concerned, the people of Rajasthan are predominantly , who account for 88.49% of the population. make up 9.07%, Sikhs 1.27%, Jains 0.91% of the population. According to the report of the Moneycontrol.com at the time of the elections to the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly in Rajasthan, the population of Casta (SC) was 18%, the planned tribe (ST) - 13%, Jats - 12%, Gujaras and Rajputs - 9%, Brahmans and Minas - 7%. The Brahmins, according to Outlook, accounted for between 8% and 10% of Rajasthan's population according to the 2003 report, but only 7% in the 2007 report. According to a 2007 DNA India report, 12.5% of the state are brahmans. Largest city of Rajasthan by population City Name Population Jaipur 3,073,349 Jodhpur 1,138,300 Kota 1,001,694 Bikaner 647,804 Ajmer 551,101 Udaipur 474,531 Bhilwara 360,009 Alvar 341,422 Bharatpur 252,838 Sri Ganganagar 249,914 Rajasthan Languages (2011) Hindi (27.34%) Marwari (9.05%) Mewari (6.1%) Wagdi (4.94%) Harauti (4.29%) Dhundari (2.15%) Punjabi (1.68%) Bagri (1.63%) Bri (1.19%) Others (4.75%) Hindi is the official and most common language in the state (90.97% of the population according to the 2001 census), followed by Bhili (4.60%), Punjabi (2.01%) and Punjabi (2.01%). Rajasthan is one of the main spoken languages in the state. Rajasthan and the various Rajasthan dialects are counted in Hindi in the national census. : Gujarati, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi or Urdu Culture This section needs additional quotes to check. Please help improve this article by adding quotes to reliable sources. Non-sources of materials can be challenged and removed. (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message template) The main article: Part series on Jaasthani People's Culture Architecture Art Kitchen Literature Literature Religion Islam Jainism Sufism Sikhism Language Rajasthan Rajasthan Portalvte Rajasthan is culturally rich and has artistic and cultural traditions that reflect the ancient Indian way of life. There is a rich and diverse folk culture from the villages, which are often portrayed as a symbol of the state. Highly cultivated classical music and dancing with its own style are part of the cultural tradition of Rajasthan. Music has songs that depict day-to-day relationships and responsibilities, often centered around extracting water from wells or ponds. Rajasthani was influenced by both the military lifestyle of its inhabitants and the presence of ingredients in this arid region. The food, which could last for several days and can be eaten without heating, was preferred. Lack of water and fresh green vegetables all affected cooking. It is known for its snacks as Bikaneri Bhujia. Other well-known dishes include bajre ki roti (millet bread) and lahsun ki chutney (hot garlic paste), mawa kachori Mirchi Bada, Piaaj Kachori and Gewar from Jodhpur, Alwar ka Mawa (milk cake), Kadhi Kachori from Ajmera, Malpua from , Daal Kachori (Kota Kachori) Originally from the Marwar region of the state is the concept of Marwari Bhojnalaya, or vegetarian restaurants, today in many parts of India that offer vegetarian dishes popular among marvari people. Dal Bati Churma, the traditional Rajasthan dish dal-Bati Churma is very popular in Rajasthan. The traditional way to serve is first to roughly mash the Baati and then pour pure ghee on it. Also served with beana (gram flour) ki kadi. It is usually served at all celebrations, in that religious religious wedding ceremonies and birthdays in Rajasthan. The Guran dance from Jaipur, Jodhpur and from the Calbelia tribe has received international recognition. Folk music is a big part of Rajasthan's culture. The communities of Manganiar and Langa from Rajasthan are distinguished by their folk music. Catputli, Bhopa, Chang, Terataly, Gindre, Geir dance, Kacci Gori and Tehaji are examples of traditional Rajasthan culture. Folk songs are usually ballads that relate to feats and love stories; also sing religious or religious songs known as and baths, which are often accompanied by musical instruments such as , sitar and sarangi. Rajasthan is known for its traditional, colorful art. Block prints, tie and dye prints, Gota Patti (main), Bagaru prints, prints, and Dawn embroidery are the main export products from Rajasthan. Handmade items such as wooden furniture and crafts, carpets and blue ceramics are commonly found here. Shopping reflects the colorful culture, in the clothes of Rajasthan a lot of mirror work and embroidery. Rajasthan's traditional dress for women includes an ankle-length skirt and a short top, known as chaniya choli mostly pure belonging to traditional people. A piece of cloth is used to cover the head, both to protect against heat and maintain modesty. Rajasthan dresses are usually designed in bright colors like blue, yellow and orange. The main religious festivals are Deepavali, , , Tej, , Sri Devrayan Jayanti, and Janmashtami, as the main religion is . The Rajasthan Desert Festival is held once a year in winter. Dressed in costumes, desert people dance and sing ballads. There are fairs with snake charmers, puppeteers, acrobats and folk artists. Camels play a role in this festival. Education See also: List of higher education institutions at Rajasthan NIIT University in Nimrana, Rajasthan In recent years, Rajasthan has worked to improve education. The state government is making a steady effort to raise the educational standard. Literacy in recent decades has increased significantly in Rajasthan. In 1991, the state's literacy rate was only 38.55 per cent (54.99 per cent of men and 20.44 per cent of women). In 2001, the literacy rate increased to 60.41% (75.70% of men and 43.85% of women). It was the highest jump in literacy rates, According to the 2011 Census, the literacy rate in Rajasthan was 67.06% (80.51% for men and 52.66% of women). praised for his efforts and achievements in improving literacy. In rural Rajasthan, the literacy rate is 76.16 per cent for men and 45.8 per cent for women. Women. was debated at all party levels when the governor of Rajasthan established a minimum educational qualification for the elections in the village panchayat. The main tourism article: Rajasthan Tourism has attracted a total of 45.9 million domestic and 1.6 million foreign tourists in 2017, the tenth largest in terms of domestic tourists and the fifth largest number of foreign tourists. The tourism industry in Rajasthan is growing every year and is becoming a major source of income for the state government. Rajasthan is home to attractions for domestic and foreign travelers, including the forts and palaces of Jaipur, the lakes of Udaipur, the temples of Rajsamanda and Pali, the sand dunes of Jaisalmer and Bikaner, Havelis Mandava and Fatehpur, Rajasthan, the wildlife of Savay Madhopur, the picturesque beauty of Mount Abu, the Rajasthan tribes known for their traditional cultural traditions, majestic fortifications, and traditional festivals , local food, sand dunes, carved temples, beautiful havelis. Rajasthan Jaipur Jantar Mantar, Fort Mehrangar and Stepwell of Jodhpur, , Fort Chittor, Lake Palace, miniature paintings in Bundy, and numerous city palaces and Havelis are part of India's architectural heritage. Jaipur, the Pink City, was made up of ancient sandstone houses dominated by pink hue. In Jodhpur, maximum houses are painted blue. Ajmera has white bara-dari marble on Lake Arasagar and Soniji Ki Nasiyan. The temples of Jain dot Rajasthan from north to south and from east to west. Dilwara temples on Mount Abu, Shrine of Srinathji in Nathdwar, Ranakpur dedicated to Lord Adinat in the , Jain temples in the chittor, Jaisalmer and Kumbhalgarha temples, Lodurwa Jain temples, Mirpur Jain Temple, Sarun Mata Temple in Cotputli, Bhandasar and Karni Mata Temple Bikaner and Mandor National Park Keoladeo, Ranthambor National Park, Sarisk, Nature Reserve, Greatn. Mewar Festival Udaipur, Festival and Gangaur Festival in Jaipur, Desert Festival Jodhpur, Brija Bharatpur, Matsya Festival Alvar, Kite Festival Jodhpur, Kolayat Fair in Bikaner are some of the most popular fairs and festivals of Rajasthan. Camel rides in the Desert Tar People's Dance popular in Rajasthan Demoiselle cranes in Hichan near Bikaner Hava Mahal Amber Fort seen from the shore of Lake Maota, on the hills against the backdrop of Lake Nacca, Mount Abu Mehrangar Fort Dilvar Temples Lake Palace Kirti Stamba Fort Chittaur Tiger in Rantambora National Park PTI (September 1, 2019). Kalraj Mishra is the new governor of Rajasthan, Arif Mohd Khan receives (en) News of India - Times of India. The Times of India. Received on September 1, 2019. b Rajasthan Profile (PDF). Census of India. Archive (PDF) from the original september 16, 2016. Received on July 21, 2016. b MOSPI Net State Domestic Product, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India. Received on April 7, 2020. Report by the Language Minority Commissioner: 52nd Report (July 2014 - June 2015) (PDF). The Commissioner for Language Minorities, the Ministry of Minority Affairs, the Government of India. 34-35. Archive from the original (PDF) dated December 28, 2017. Received on February 16, 2016. a b Subnational HDI - Area Database - Global Data Laboratory. hdi.globaldatalab.org archive from the original dated September 23, 2018. Received on September 13, 2018. a b Census 2011 (Final Data) - Demographic data, literate population (total, rural and urban) (PDF). planningcommission.gov.in. Planning Commission, Government of India. Archive (PDF) from the original january 27, 2018. Received on October 3, 2018. Symbols of Rajasthan. The government of Rajasthan. Archive from the original on November 14, 2016. Received on November 13, 2016. a b Boland-Crewe, Tara; Lea, David (2003). Territories and states of India. Routledge. page 208. ISBN 9781135356255. Received on October 26, 2019. INTER-STATE COUNCIL SECRETARIAT - Ministry of the Interior, Government of India. Home Office. Archive from the original on February 17, 2017. Received on December 1, 2018. The Northern Area Cultural Centre. www.culturenorthindia.com the Ministry of Culture, the Government of India. Archive from the original on October 19, 2018. Received on December 1, 2018. b Report of the Language Minority Commissioner: 50th Report (July 2012 - June 2013) (PDF). The Commissioner for Language Minorities, the Ministry of Minority Affairs, the Government of India. page 22. Archive from the original (PDF) dated July 8, 2016. Received on December 26, 2014. World Heritage List. Archive from the original on October 30, 2010. Received on March 18, 2011. R.K. Gupta; S.R. Bakshi (January 1, 2008). Studies in Indian history: Rajasthan through the Times of the Legacy of the Rajputs (Set 5 Vols.). Sarup and sons. page 143-. ISBN 978-81-7625-841-8. Received on November 15, 2015. Singh, K.S. (1998). Rajasthan. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 9788171547661. F.K. Kapil (1990). Rajputana, 1817-1950. Book treasure. page 1. Archive from the original on January 1, 2016. Received on November 15, 2015. John Kee (2001). India: history. Grove Press. 231-232. ISBN 978-0-8021-3797-5. Archive from the original on January 1, 2016. Received on November 15, 2015. Colonel James Todd, who as the first British official to visit Rajasthan, spent much of the 1820s researching it potential, formed a very different idea of Rush Boots and the whole region thenceforth became, for the British, Rajputana. The word even achieved a retrospective authenticity, in the 1829 translation of the history of early Islamic India Ferishta, John Bridge renounced the phrase Indian princes, as was the case in an earlier version of doe, and replaced the Princes of Rajput. INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION Related articles arsenic bronze letter, literature. Amazines.com archive from the original on December 20, 2011. Received on June 5, 2012. Pillay, Geeta Sunil (February 28, 2017), Stone Age instruments dating back 200,000 years, found in Rajasthan, The Times of India, archive from the original April 20, 2019, extracted August 23, 2018 - Romananda Chatterjee (1948). Contemporary review (History). 84. Private Llc Prabashi Press - Sita Sharma; Pragati Prakashan (1987). The theme of Lila in the miniatures of Rajasthan. page 132. Rajasthan Aajtak. ISBN 978-81-903622-6-9. Sudhir Bhargava, Brahmawarta And the Drishadwati River it is important to find an early alignment of the Saraswati River Workshop, Saraswati River Perspective, November 20-22, 2009, University of Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, organized by Saraswati Nadia Shodh Sanstan, Haryana, Seminar Report: pages 114-117 - Manusmriti - Dynasty Art Kushan, John Rosenfield, page 130. R.K. Majumdar (1994). Ancient India. Mothylal Banarsidasr. page 263. ISBN 978-81-208-0436-4. Archive from the original on January 1, 2016. Received on November 15, 2015. Asian Society of Bombay (1904). Diary of the Asian Bombay Society, Volume 21. Royal Asian Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Bombay branch. page 432. Until the tenth century, almost all of Northern India, with the exception of Bengal, had its superiority in Cannauja. Radhay Shyam Chaurasia (2002). History of Ancient India: Earliest Times until 1000 BC Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. 207-208. ISBN 978-81-269-0027-5. Saint, Saylendra (2013). A textbook of medieval Indian history. Primus Books. 116-117. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4. R.K.Majumdar, H.K.Raichaudhuri, Kalikaranjan Datta: Extended , 4th edition, 1978, ISBN 0-333-90298-X, Page-535 (Elliott India Story, Vol. V) India's military history. East Longmans. Coetzee, Daniel; Eisturlid, Lee W. (October 21, 2013). Philosophers of War: The Evolution of the Greatest Military Thinkers of History (2 Volumes) : The Evolution of the Greatest Military Thinkers of History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-07033-4. Bhardwaj, K.K. Gemu-Napoleon of medieval India, Mittal Publications, New Delhi, p.25 - Richards, John F. (1995). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. page 26. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2. Chandra, Satish (2000). Medieval India. New Delhi: National Council for Research and Education. page 164. a b 2012, page 129. error sfn: no goal: CITEREFPant2012 (help) - Storia makes Mogor Niccolo Manucci - History of Cambridge India pg. 304 - The History of Cambridge India, Volume 3 pg 322 and R.K. Gupta; S.R. Bakshi (January 1, 2008). Studies in Indian history: Rajasthan through the Times of the Legacy of Rajputs (5 Vols.). Sarup and sons. page 143-. ISBN 978-81-7625-841-8. Received on November 15, 2015. Lodha, Sanjay (2011). Subregions, identity and the nature of political competition in Rajasthan. In Kumar, Ashuto (App. Rethinking Public Policy in India: Regions in the Regions. ISBN 978-0415597777. Received on December 12, 2019. The 19 independent ruling chambers were governed by various clans of Rajput, Jats and Patans. Chauhan Rajputa ruled Bundy, Kota and Sirohi; Hekhlot Rajputa ruled , Dangarpur, Mevar, Pratapgarh and Shahpura; Jadon Rajput ruled Jaisalmer and Karauli; Jala Rajput were the rulers of Jalawar; Kachawaha Rajputs controlled Alwar, Jaipur and Loa Manor; and Rathor Rajputs looked after Bikaner, Marvar, Kisanggarh and Chief Kushalgarh. Bharatpur and Dholpur were under Jat's rule, and Tonk was ruled by patans. b c d Symbols of States and Allied Territories. Archive from the original on November 12, 2013. Received on July 7, 2014. Now the state of camel animals. Patrick's group. July 1, 2014. Archive from the original on August 6, 2014. Received on July 7, 2014. Sadhu, Ayan; Jayam, Peter Prem Chakravarty; Kureshi, Kamar; Shehavat, Raghuvir Singh; Sharma, Sudarshan; Jala, Yadvendradev Vikramsinh (November 28, 2017). Demographics of a small isolated tiger population (Panthera tigris tigris) in the semi-arid region of western India. BMC zoology. 2: 16. doi:10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y. ISSN 2056-3132. Tal Chhapar Black Buck Sanctuary. Inside the Indian jungle. June 29, 2013. Archive from the original on April 8, 2019. Received On April 5, 2019. Ardeotis Nigriceps. Red list of threatened species by IUCN. Received December 31, 2015.old-form url - Tale of two tiger reserves. Hindu. Jaipur. March 21, 2012. Archive from the original on February 3, 2014. Received on January 29, 2014. Rajasthan's first provider. timesofindia-economic times. Archive from the original on June 10, 2016. Received on June 10, 2016. Business opportunities. The government of Rajasthan. Archive from the original on February 10, 2014. Received on February 11, 2014. Rajasthan state mines and minerals are limited. Archive from the original on June 5, 2018. Received on June 14, 2018. Naamoli, Stephen; Singh, Kartikeya (October 2019). Interaction with the Indian electrification program: Rajasthan power (PDF). Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Received on July 16, 2020. Rajasthan National Highways - List of Rajasthan Roads and Highways. Archive from the original on December 14, 2016. 18 extracted 2016 - Rajasthan Railways. Archive from the original on December 23, 2016. Received on December 18, 2016. rsrtc.gov.in. Archive from the original on January 12, 2012. Received on December 18, 2016. Census India website : Office of the Secretary-General and Census Commissioner, India. www.censusindia.gov.in received on December 13, 2019. The population by religion of the community - 2011. Census of India, 2011. Secretary-General and Census Commissioner, India. Archive from the original on August 25, 2015. Census of India. Archive from the original on September 13, 2015. Received on September 21, 2015. Hhana, Aakriti (October 25, 2018). Rajasthan Assembly Polls 2018: Caste Dynamics in the State and Race for Reservations. Money control. Received on March 27, 2020. The distribution of the Brahmin population. Outlook. June 16, 2003. Received on December 7, 2019. Brahmins in India. Outlook. June 4, 2007. Received on December 8, 2019. Rajasthan's Brahmins are now looking for quotas for work. India's DNA. June 26, 2007. Received on December 7, 2019. Language - India, States and Territories Union (PDF). India Census 2011. The Office of the Secretary-General. 13-14. Archive (PDF) from the original November 14, 2018. Received on March 22, 2019. Census of India: Abstract of the power of languages and native language of native speakers -2001. www.censusindia.gov.in archive from the original dated October 14, 2013. Received on September 27, 2015. 51ST REPORT BY THE COMMISSIONER FOR LANGUAGE MINORITIES IN INDIA (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. July 15, 2015. page 44. Archive from the original (PDF) dated February 16, 2018. Received on February 15, 2018. K. S. Singh (1998). Rajasthan. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7154-766-1. Directorate of Literacy and Continuing Education: Rajasthan government. Rajliteracy.org archive from the original on March 23, 2012. Received on June 5, 2012. Rajasthan's literacy rate is now 67.06: Data from the 2011 Indian Census. Census2011.co.in April 27, 2011. Archive from the original on March 23, 2012. Received on June 5, 2012. Rajasthan Population 2011 - Growth rates, literacy, sex ratio in the 2011 Census 2011 InfoPiper Updates. Infopiper.com archive from the original on March 23, 2012. Received on June 5, 2012. The governor of Rajasthan fixes the minimum qualification requirements for education for the Panchayat polls. Indian Express. December 22, 2014. Archive from the original on July 7, 2015. Received on June 16, 2015. Lok Sabha TV Research: Educational qualifications and elections. Ideas. January 6, 2015. Archive from the original on April 8, 2015. Received on June 16, 2015. Rajasthan education. Rajshiksha. Archive from the original on December 5, 2015. Received on September 18, 2015. A tourist visited india in 2017 (PDF). tourism.gov.in archive (PDF) from the original on November 27, 2018. Received on November 24, 2018. Known as The Blue City?. The Times of India. Received on November 2, 2019. Tourist places to visit in Rajasthan - Rajasthan tourism. tourism.rajasthan.gov.in archive from the original on November 16, 2016. Received on November 16, 2016. Further reading by Bhattacharya, Manoshi. 2008. Royal Rajput: Strange Tales and Strange Truths. Rupa and Co., New Delhi. Gahlot, Sukhvirsingh. 1992. RAJASTAN: Historical and cultural. J.S. Research Institute Gahlota, Jodhpur. Somani, Ram Wallabh. 1993. History of Rajasthan. Jain Pustak Mandir, Jaipur. Tod, James and Crook, William. 1829. Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan or the Central and Western Rajput states of India. Numerous reissues, including 3 Vols. Reprint: Low Prices Publications, Delhi. 1990. ISBN 81-85395-68-3 (set of 3 vols.) Mathur, P.C., 1995. The Socio-Economic Dynamics of Rajasthan Politics (Jaipur, Aaaleh) External links Rajasthan's Wikipedia Sister ProjectsThe Definition from Wiktionary Media from Wikimedia Commons News from Wikinews Quotes from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikivoyage Guides from Wikivoyage Resources from Wikiversity government official website of the Rajasthan government, India Official tourism site rajasthan, India General information Rajasthan in encyclopedia Britannica Rajasthan on Curlie Geographical data related to Rajasthan on OpenStreetMap extracted from

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