A Firefly in the Bamboo Reed
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Burmese Buddhist Imagery of the Early Bagan Period (1044 – 1113) Buddhism Is an Integral Part of Burmese Culture
Burmese Buddhist Imagery of the Early Bagan Period (1044 – 1113) 2 Volumes By Charlotte Kendrick Galloway A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University November 2006 ii Declaration I declare that to the best of my knowledge, unless where cited, this thesis is my own original work. Signed: Date: Charlotte Kendrick Galloway iii Acknowledgments There are a number of people whose assistance, advice and general support, has enabled me to complete my research: Dr Alexandra Green, Dr Bob Hudson, Dr Pamela Gutman, Dick Richards, Dr Tilman Frasch, Sylvia Fraser- Lu, Dr Royce Wiles, Dr Don Stadtner, Dr Catherine Raymond, Prof Michael Greenhalgh, Ma Khin Mar Mar Kyi, U Aung Kyaing, Dr Than Tun, Sao Htun Hmat Win, U Sai Aung Tun and Dr Thant Thaw Kaung. I thank them all, whether for their direct assistance in matters relating to Burma, for their ability to inspire me, or for simply providing encouragement. I thank my colleagues, past and present, at the National Gallery of Australia and staff at ANU who have also provided support during my thesis candidature, in particular: Ben Divall, Carol Cains, Christine Dixon, Jane Kinsman, Mark Henshaw, Lyn Conybeare, Margaret Brown and Chaitanya Sambrani. I give special mention to U Thaw Kaung, whose personal generosity and encouragement of those of us worldwide who express a keen interest in the study of Burma's rich cultural history, has ensured that I was able to achieve my own personal goals. There is no doubt that without his assistance and interest in my work, my ability to undertake the research required would have been severely compromised – thank you. -
History of the Religious Buildings in Taungthaman Village Tract Abstract
History of the Religious Buildings in Taungthaman Village Tract Khin Mar Lwin Abstract It is found that Taungthaman Village tract flourished in Buddhism before the period of Amarapura. Badon min shifted his royal capital form YadanapuraInwa to Amarapura new royal capital for the sake of Buddhism to as a priority. Taungthaman area was also included in flourish of Buddhism in the royal capital of Amarapura. Large and magnificent Pagodas and monasteries are found in Taungthaman. InTaungthaman village, there also appeared many learner monks who were patronized by the king and Buddhist religion also flourished. During the end of Myanmar monarchial rule, Buddhist religion faded in Taungthaman area. However, well traditional Buddhist religion of Taungthamancould thrive after getting the independence. Keywords: Buddhism Introduction It can be found in literature that the people in various countries of the world believed in various religious faiths. These religious faith including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confuciousm, Christianity and Islam spreaded over the world.1 The traditional belief of Buddhism was started by Pyu people in Myanmar history.2 In Myanmar history there emerged Bagan, Pinya, Inwa, Taungoo, Nyaungyan and Konbaung Periods. It is found that the Myanmar kings reigning over the country during these periods were eager to be the good kings as Sāsanādayaka Min Myat (donars). As a result, Buddhism flourished to its zenith during the reign of king Anawrahta in Bagan period. There were various kings who were recorded as they looked after and -
Buddhism and Written Law: Dhammasattha Manuscripts and Texts in Premodern Burma
BUDDHISM AND WRITTEN LAW: DHAMMASATTHA MANUSCRIPTS AND TEXTS IN PREMODERN BURMA A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Dietrich Christian Lammerts May 2010 2010 Dietrich Christian Lammerts BUDDHISM AND WRITTEN LAW: DHAMMASATTHA MANUSCRIPTS AND TEXTS IN PREMODERN BURMA Dietrich Christian Lammerts, Ph.D. Cornell University 2010 This dissertation examines the regional and local histories of dhammasattha, the preeminent Pali, bilingual, and vernacular genre of Buddhist legal literature transmitted in premodern Burma and Southeast Asia. It provides the first critical analysis of the dating, content, form, and function of surviving dhammasattha texts based on a careful study of hitherto unexamined Burmese and Pali manuscripts. It underscores the importance for Buddhist and Southeast Asian Studies of paying careful attention to complex manuscript traditions, multilingual post- and para- canonical literatures, commentarial strategies, and the regional South-Southeast Asian literary, historical, and religious context of the development of local legal and textual practices. Part One traces the genesis of dhammasattha during the first and early second millennia C.E. through inscriptions and literary texts from India, Cambodia, Campå, Java, Lakå, and Burma and investigates its historical and legal-theoretical relationships with the Sanskrit Bråhmaˆical dharmaßåstra tradition and Pali Buddhist literature. It argues that during this period aspects of this genre of written law, akin to other disciplines such as alchemy or medicine, functioned in both Buddhist and Bråhmaˆical contexts, and that this ecumenical legal culture persisted in certain areas such as Burma and Java well into the early modern period. -
Strong Roots Liberation Teachings of Mindfulness in North America
Strong Roots Liberation Teachings of Mindfulness in North America JAKE H. DAVIS DHAMMA DANA Publications at the Barre Center for Buddhist Studies Barre, Massachusetts © 2004 by Jake H. Davis This book may be copied or reprinted in whole or in part for free distribution without permission from the publisher. Otherwise, all rights reserved. Sabbadānaṃ dhammadānaṃ jināti : The gift of Dhamma surpasses all gifts.1 Come and See! 1 Dhp.354, my trans. Table of Contents TO MY SOURCES............................................................................................................. II FOREWORD........................................................................................................................... V INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 1 Part One DEEP TRANSMISSION, AND OF WHAT?................................................................ 15 Defining the Topic_____________________________________17 the process of transmission across human contexts Traditions Dependently Co-Arising 22 Teaching in Context 26 Common Humanity 31 Interpreting History_____________________________________37 since the Buddha Passing Baskets Along 41 A ‘Cumulative Tradition’ 48 A ‘Skillful Approach’ 62 Trans-lation__________________________________________69 the process of interpretation and its authentic completion Imbalance 73 Reciprocity 80 To the Source 96 Part Two FROM BURMA TO BARRE........................................................................................ -
Buddhism in the Late Konbaung Period(1819-1885)
BUDDHISM IN THE LATE KONBAUNG PERIOD(1819-1885) PhD DISSERTATION KO KO NAING DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MANDALAY MYANMAR JUNE, 2010 BUDDHISM IN THE LATE KONBAUNG PERIOD(1819-1885) University of Mandalay BUDDHISM IN THE LATE KONBAUNG PERIOD(1819-1885) A Dissertation Submitted to the University of Mandalay In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History Department of History Ko Ko Naing 4 PhD(R)-Hist-22 Mandalay, Myanmar June, 2010 ABSTRACT This paper is an analysis of Buddhism in the late Konbaung Period. How Buddhism was introduced into Myanmar is discussed. How the Myanmars professed a mixture of Buddhism and their traditional beliefs is explained. Among the seven kings who supported the Religion in Myanmar, two—Kings Badon and Mindon—reigned in the late Konbaung Period. King Badon’s personal views and progressive ideas concerning the Religion are touched upon. How the kings purified the Religion partly to facilitate their rule is discussed. The monks formed separate sects in the late Konbaung period even though they did not differ from one another in robes, literature, doctrine or goal. However, the kings’ support was important for a sect to stand on its own. In the late Konbaung Period, the Fifth Buddhist Synod, which was the first Buddhist Synod held in Myanmar, was convened. That the Buddhist synod convened by King Mindon was not necessary for the Religion and that he convened it only to defy the British who had annexed Lower Myanmar and to assume the title Pyinsama Thangayanatin Mintaya (the Convener of the Fifth Buddhist Synod) are discussed. -
Appendix Appendix
APPENDIX APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS, WITH GOVERNORS AND GOVERNORS-GENERAL Burma and Arakan: A. Rulers of Pagan before 1044 B. The Pagan dynasty, 1044-1287 C. Myinsaing and Pinya, 1298-1364 D. Sagaing, 1315-64 E. Ava, 1364-1555 F. The Toungoo dynasty, 1486-1752 G. The Alaungpaya or Konbaung dynasty, 1752- 1885 H. Mon rulers of Hanthawaddy (Pegu) I. Arakan Cambodia: A. Funan B. Chenla C. The Angkor monarchy D. The post-Angkor period Champa: A. Linyi B. Champa Indonesia and Malaya: A. Java, Pre-Muslim period B. Java, Muslim period C. Malacca D. Acheh (Achin) E. Governors-General of the Netherlands East Indies Tai Dynasties: A. Sukhot'ai B. Ayut'ia C. Bangkok D. Muong Swa E. Lang Chang F. Vien Chang (Vientiane) G. Luang Prabang 954 APPENDIX 955 Vietnam: A. The Hong-Bang, 2879-258 B.c. B. The Thuc, 257-208 B.C. C. The Trieu, 207-I I I B.C. D. The Earlier Li, A.D. 544-602 E. The Ngo, 939-54 F. The Dinh, 968-79 G. The Earlier Le, 980-I009 H. The Later Li, I009-I225 I. The Tran, 1225-I400 J. The Ho, I400-I407 K. The restored Tran, I407-I8 L. The Later Le, I4I8-I8o4 M. The Mac, I527-I677 N. The Trinh, I539-I787 0. The Tay-Son, I778-I8o2 P. The Nguyen Q. Governors and governors-general of French Indo China APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS BURMA AND ARAKAN A. RULERS OF PAGAN BEFORE IOH (According to the Burmese chronicles) dat~ of accusion 1. Pyusawti 167 2. Timinyi, son of I 242 3· Yimminpaik, son of 2 299 4· Paikthili, son of 3 . -
Two Compilers of Myanmar History and Their Chronicles
Two Compilers of Myanmar History and their Chronicles Thaw Kaung* Introduction From about the second or third decade of the 18th century to mid- 19th century, a profusion of historical works were compiled in Myanmar. It was the great age of Myanmar historical writing. Myint Swe1 lists (9) works for the late 18th century and (12) works for the early 19th century. Victor Lieberman, in a fascinating new book2, has also written of the popularization of historical and legal texts in Myanmar from around 1711. With cultural integration in early 18th century Myanmar, there was wider literacy, and laymen, not monks, began to dominate the transmission of information scene. The first real chronicle of Myanmar was written in prose by U Kala (c. 1678–1738), the Maha Yazawin- daw-gyi (The Great Chronicle)3, probably in the third decade of the 18th century. To cite Victor Lieberman ''After U Kala came a rain of [imperial] chronicles'' including both private and official histories, by laymen as well as monks4. On 3rd May 1829 King Bagyidaw (1819-1837) appointed a committee of thirteen “learned monks, learned Brahmans [Punnas] and * Member, Myanmar Historical Commission. 1. Myint Swe. '' Kyan-u Nidan'' [Introduction] to Twin-thin Taik-wun Maha Sithu. Twin-thin Myanmar Yazawin-thit. Yangon: Min Yazar Sar-oke Taik, 1968. p. na-nge (e) to na-gyi (P) 2. Victor Lieberman. Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c 800-1830 . Cambridge: University Press, 2003. Vol. 1. p. 198. 3. U Kala. Maha Yazawin-daw-gyi; edited by Saya Pwa. Yangon: Burma Research Society at Pyi-gyi Mandaing Press: Vol. -
History of Burma
A HISTORY OF BURMA MAUNG HTIN AUNG Located on the western edge of the huge peninsula formerly called Indo-China and now known as mainland southeast Asia, and bordering on three Asian giants -China, India, and Pakistan-Burma has historically served as a gateway to the southeast and to China. In early history, when the sea was considered more dan gerous than land, trade between India and Indo-China and China was carried on .-. through Burma. Even after the sea route . , had come into general use, ships did not ... venture out into the sea but preferred to hug the coast; they were blown toward the Burmese coast by the southwest mon soon and were sped back to India and Ceylon by the northeast monsoon. Although Burma, slightly larger than France and with a population of only 24 million, is a small country compared to her three large neighbors, she has, because of her unique geographical position, often played the role of leader among her other neighbors. Burma transmitted Buddhism from India to southeast Asia and later became the champion of this faith in the region. Burma has of ten taken upon herself the enormous task of shielding southeast (Continued on back flap) A History of Burma •• A HISTORY OF BURMA by Maung Htin Aung Columbia University Press New York and London 1967 Maung Htin Aung was the Rector of the University of Rangoon, 194Cr1958. He is the author of Burmese Drama (Oxford University Press, 1937), Burmese Folk-Tales (Ox ford, 1948), Burmese Law Tales (Oxford, 1962), Folk Elements in Burmese Buddhism (Oxford, 1962), The Stricken Peacock: Anglo-Burmese Relations 1752-1948 (Martinus Nijhoff, 1965), Burmese Monk's Tales (Columbia University Press, 1966), and Epistles Written on Eve of Anglo-BW"'lftese War (Nijhoff, 1967). -
Shwebo District Volume A
BURMA GAZETTEER SHWEBO DISTRLCT VOLUME A COMPILED BY Ma. A. WILLIAMSON, I.C.S. SETTLEMENT OFFICER, RANGOON SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERMENT PRINTING AND STATIONERY, RANGOON. LIST OF AGENTS FROM WHOM GOVERNMENT OF BURMA PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE IN BURMA 1. CITY BOOK CLUB, 98, Phayre Street, Rangoon. 2. PROPRIETOR, THU-DHAMA-WADI PRESS, 55-56, Tees Kai Maung Khine Street, Rangoon. 3. PROPRIETOR, BURMA NEWS AGENCY, 135, Anawrahta Street, Rangoon. 4. MANAGER, UNION PUBLISHING HOUSE, 94, "C" Block, Bogyoke Market, Rangoon. 5. THE SECRETARY, PEOPLE'S LITERATURE COMMITTEE AND HOUSE, 546, Merchant Street, Rangoon. 6. THE BURMA TRANSLATION SOCIETY, 520, Merchant Street, Rangoon. 7. MESSRS. K. BIN HOON & SONS, Nyaunglebin, Pegu District. 8. U Lu GALE, GOVERNMENT LAW BOOK AGENT, 34th Road, Nyaungzindan Quarter, Mandalay. 9. THE NATIONAL BOOK DEPOT AND STATIONERY SUPPLY HOUSE, North Godown, Zegyo, Mandalay. 10. KNOWLEDGE BOOK HOUSE, 130, Bogyoke Street, Rangoon. 11. AVA HOUSE, 232, Sule Pagoda Road, Rangoon. 12. S.K. DEY, BOOK SUPPLIER & NEWS AGENTS (In Strand Hotel), 92, Strand Road, Rangoon. 13. AGAWALL BOOKSHOP, Lanmadaw, Myitkyina. 14- SHWE OU DAUNG STORES, BOOK SELLERS & STATIONERS, No. 267, South Bogyoke Road, Moulmein. 15. U AUNG TIN, YOUTH STATIONERY STORES, Main Road, Thaton. 16. U MAUNG GYI, AUNG BROTHER BOOK STALL, Minmu Road, Monywa. 17. SHWEHINTHA STONES, Bogyoke Road, Lashio, N.S.S. 18. L. C. BARUA, PROPRIETOR, NATIONAL STORES, No. 16-17, Zegyaung Road, Bassein. 19. DAW AYE KYI, No. 42-44 (in Bazaar) Book Stall, Maungmya. 20. DOBAMA U THEIN, PROPRIETOR, DOBAMA BOOK STALL, No. 6, Bogyoke Street, Henzada. 21. SMART AND MOOKRRDUM, NO. 221, Sule Pagoda Road, Rangoon. -
A Burmese Tract on Kingship: Political Theory in the 1782 Manuscript of Manugye
A Burmese tract on kingship: political theory in the 1782 manuscript of Manugye and 1 The eleven lists on kingship which we translate and discuss are taken from a manuscript of the Manugye dhammathat which was completed on 25 June 1782.We shall refer to it as B.1782. Manugye, the best known of the surviving Burmese dhammathats (law texts), was compiled in the 1750s during the reign of Alaungpaya (1752–60), the founder of the Konbaung dynasty (1752–1885). David Richardson's edition (Burmese text with English translation) was pub- lished in 1847, the year after his death: that ensured Manugye's popularity among non-Burmese speakers.We shall refer to Richardson's version as R.1847.One of the co-authors plans to publish a book-length study of the B.1782 manuscript.Meanwhile, we believe the material we present here to be of immediate interest both to historians of Burma and to anyone interested in Buddhist political science.It is the circumstances in which B.1782 was written that demand attention.In 1782 Badon (better known to historians as Bodawpaya) became the third of Alaungpaya's sons to ascend the Peacock throne.Badon's accession and the compilation of B.1782 can be plausibly linked.Perhaps we can think of B.1782 as a document compiled for the guidance of the new king.We might even think of it as summarizing what the Burmese people expected from their Burmese king—the late eighteenth century Burmese equivalent to a social contract or written constitution.This possibility— that B.1782 was compiled in order to instruct the new king in the duties of kingship—gives a special importance to the fresh material on kingship which it contains. -
Physical, Mechanical and Brick Masonry O Echanical and Chemical
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) International Open Access Journal | www.ijtsrd.com ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | Volume - 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov – Dec 2018 Physical, Mechanical and Chemical Characterization on Ancient Brick Masonry of Monuments, Bagan, Myanmar Thet Mon San, Kyaw Kyaw, Nyan Myint Kyaw Department of Civil Engineering, Yangon Technological University, Yangon, Myanmar ABSTRACT KEY WORDS: Physical properties, Chemical Bagan, the Cultural Heritage City of Myanmar, was characterization, EDX analysis, Ancient materials mainly composed of brick masonry monuments. Some monuments were stone masonry. All of these I. INTRODUCTION monuments are vulnerable to both disaster and natural The ancient monuments in Bagan have decayed and degradation. In order to make proper conservation and deteriorated due to ages, poor maintenance and man- repairing work, it is important to know the properties made affect. The final stage of degradation is collapse of ancient materials. Therefore, the physical in which a structure falls in a state where it cannot properties and EDX analysis of the ancient bricks stay independently falls is a state where it cannot stay from different monuments of 11AD, 12AD, 13 AD independently standing or cannot support applied and 18 AD were investigated. Due to the limited stress and it loses the equilibrium so that it collapsed amount of samples, ancient mortar from monuments or is destroyed. Other deteriorated conditions are of 13 AD, and 18 AD were investigated. It is deformation, break, crack, decay (due to physical, important to use the similar materials in conservation chemical, and biochemical action), vegetation, poor and repairing work of ancient monuments so that the drainage, leakage, and other factors. -
Paḷi Literature of Burma
PRIZE PUBLICATION FUND VOL II THE PAḶI LITERATURE OF BURMA BY MABEL HAYNES BODE Ph.D. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY AND SOLD AT 22 ALBEMARLE STREET 1909 PREFATORY NOTE I WISH to express my best thanks to the Council of the Royal Asiatic Society for giving this little work a place among the Society’s publications. To Professor Rhys Davids I owe, once again, a grateful acknowledgment of inspiration to begin a task and encouragement throughout. To him also as Editor of the Journal of the Paḷi Text Society my thanks are due for permission to reprint in Chapters I and II some of the material appearing in my article, “Early Paḷi Grammarians in Burma” (JPTS., 1908). My obligations to many others, by whose labours I have profited, will be seen in the pages of the Essay. Finally, I can only thank Dr. Barnett for his untiring kindness by reminding him that there are very few of those pages which do not owe something to his advice and help. M.H.B. LONDON 1909. ABBREVIATIONS BEFEO. Bulletin de l’École Française d’Extrême Orient. Hanoi. 1901, etc. GV. Gandhavaṃsa (JPTS.). 1886. Index, 1896. JPTS. Journal of the Paḷi Text Society. London. 1882, etc. JRAS. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. London. 1834, etc. P.TH. Piṭakatthamain. Rangoon. 1906. P.T.S. Paḷi Text Society. SVD. Sāsanavaṃsadīpa, Colombo. 1881 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES Students may consult with advantage— Canonical Works. I. The whole of the Paḷi Text Society’s publications Suttapiṭaka (entire). Edited by Ko AungMin (for the older Paḷi literature).