DOCSLIB.ORG

Pakistan Public Expenditure Management, Volume II

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pakistan Public Expenditure Management, Volume II Report No. 25665-PK PAKISTAN Public Expenditure Management Accelerated Development of Water Resources and Irrigated Agriculture VOLUME II January 28, 2004 Environment and Social Development Sector Unit Rural Development Sector Unit South Asia Region Document of the World Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Pakistan Rupee US $1 = PKR 57.8 FISCAL YEAR July 1-June 30 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank MIS Management information system ADP Annual Development Plan MOWP Ministry of Water and Power AWB Area Water Board MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework BCM Billion cubic meters MTIP Medium Term Investment Plan CCA Canal command area NDP National Drainage Program DMP Drainage Master Plan NDS National Drainage System EFR Environmental Flow Requirement NSDS National System Drainage Study EIRR Economic internal rate of return NWFP North West Frontier Province FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas NWP National Water Policy FGW Fresh groundwater OFWM On-farm water management FO Farmer organization O&M Operations and Maintenance GDP Gross development product PIDA Provincial Irrigation and Drainage Authority GIS Geographic Information System POE Panel of Experts GOP Government of Pakistan PRHS Pakistan Rural Household Survey HYV High yielding variety PSDP Public Sector Development Program IBIS Indus basin irrigation system PV Present Value IDA International Development Association RAP Revised Action Plan IPPs Independent Power Producers RBOD Right Bank Outfall Drain IRSA Indus River System Authority SCARP Salinity control and reclamation program ISRP Irrigation System Rehabilitation Project TYPP Ten Year Perspective Plan IWRM Integrated water resource management WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority KESC Karachi Electricity Supply Company WMO Water Management Ordinance LBOD Left Bank Outfall Drain WSIPS Water Sector Investment Planning Study Mac Million acres WSS Water Sector Strategy Study MAF Million acre-feet WUA Water user association TERMS Abiana Water charge for canal irrigation service assessed on the basis of “matured crop” acreage, crop, and canal command Kharif Summer growing season (mid-April to mid-October) Rabi Winter growing season (mid-October to mid-April) UNITS 2.54 acres = 1 hectare 1 MAF/month = 16,850 cfs = 477.2 m3/sec 1 acre foot/day = 0.5 cfs = 14.3 liters/second 1 million acre feet = 1.235 billion cubic meters Vice President: Praful Patel, SARVP Country Director: John W. Wall, SACPK Sector Director: Sadiq Ahmed, SASPR Sector Manager: Ijaz Nabi, SASPR Task Managers: Paul Wade, SASPR; Hanid Mukhtar, SASPR Parvez Hasan, Consultant TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................i 1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................1 2. Background: Achievements and Issues..................................................................................3 Role of Agriculture in the Pakistan Economy .................................................................................3 The Ultimate Threat to Sustainability – Water Logging and Salinity ................................................5 Water Resources and Agriculture...................................................................................................8 The Inter-Provincial Water Apportionment Accord....................................................................... 11 Environment Flow Requirements in the Lower Indus River........................................................... 15 Poverty, Water Availability, and Agricultural Productivity............................................................ 16 3. Public Sector Development Programs .................................................................................21 Trends in Public Expenditure for Water and Agriculture ............................................................... 21 Investment Programs from the 1960s to the 1990s ........................................................................ 21 The Emergence of a Program of Governance Reforms in the 1990s ............................................... 22 4. Operations and Maintenance Expenditures and Performance ......................................... 29 Provincial Operations and Maintenance Budgets........................................................................... 29 Cost Recovery............................................................................................................................ 32 Changes in the Structure of Water Pricing and the Flow of Revenues............................................. 35 5. Water Disputes and Strategy Debate: Policy and Strategy Formulation........................40 The Challenges at the Close of the 1990s ..................................................................................... 40 The Government’s Responses to Water Shortages......................................................................... 40 Water Resource Development Challenges .................................................................................... 43 Strategic Questions and Issues..................................................................................................... 45 A Framework for Formulating a Strategy ..................................................................................... 60 Changing the Paradigm to Water Management ............................................................................. 62 6. Proposed Water Sector Investment Plans ........................................................................... 64 7. Federal & Provincial Investment Trends and Options ...................................................... 69 Key Issues in the Emerging Portfolio ........................................................................................... 70 Comparison of the Federal FY03 and FY04 PSDP........................................................................ 72 Extension of the FY04 PSDP Portfolio over the MTEF Period....................................................... 75 Investment Trends and Options ................................................................................................... 77 8. The Way Forward.................................................................................................................. 83 Key Water Policy Responses....................................................................................................... 83 Addressing Strategic Questions and Issues ................................................................................... 84 What needs to be done ................................................................................................................ 86 Annex A: A Note on “Canal Basin Water Management Plans” Annex B : Provincial Investment Plans, Federal PSDP and Provincial ADPs Annex C: Review of Projects in the Core and Non-Core Portfolios TABLES Table 2.1: Average Water Balance of the Indus River System ...............................................................9 Table 2.2: Water Availability at the Farm Head in the Indus Basin System.............................................9 Table 2.3: Inter-Provincial Water Accord Allocations ...........................................................................11 Table 2.4 Shortfall in Meeting the Accord Allocations .........................................................................13 Table 4.1: Irrigation Department Budgets Since 1992 ...........................................................................29 Table 4.2: Abiana Assessment and Recovery Performance (Rs. million) ................................................33 Table 5.1: Summary of MOWP Water Sector Strategy Proposed Investments.........................................42 Table 5.2: Sub-Sector Investments in the MOWP Water Sector Strategy................................................43 Table 5.3: Water Resources Available to Meet Future Development Needs ............................................47 Table 5.4: Summary of Incremental and Projected Water Requirements.................................................49 Table 5.5: Present Power Generating Capacity .....................................................................................50 Table 5.6: Cost and Economic Returns for Proposed Major Investment Projects.....................................57 Table 5.7: Potential Water Savings from Improved Efficiencies.............................................................59 Table 5.8: Watercourse Improvement Program Needs...........................................................................60 Table 6.1: TYPP Objectives for Water Resources and Agriculture .........................................................65 Table 6.2: TYPP Strategy for Water Resources Development (2001-2011).............................................67 Table 6.3: Common Features of Proposed Investment Plans (MTEF Period) ..........................................68 Table 7.1: Emerging Water Sector Portfolio During the MTEF Period (FY03-07)...................................69 Table 7.2: Summary of Resource Allocation in the Emerging Portfolio ..................................................70 Table 7.3: Comparison of FY03 and FY04 PSDPs................................................................................72 Table 7.4: Comparison of FY03 and FY04 PSDP Resource Allocations .................................................73
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Water Resources Development in Pakistan a Revisit of Past Studies
    World Water Day 22nd March, 2014 56 WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN A REVISIT OF PAST STUDIES By Engr. Abdul Khaliq Khan1 Abstract Three-fourths of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. Only 1% of the World’s water is usable, about 97% is salty sea water and 2% is frozen in glaciers and ice caps. All life on earth depends on water. Population is increasing and hence water availability per person is reducing. Civilizations have historically flourished around rivers and major waterways and for centuries these waterways have been a source of their livelihood. In modern times a remarkable irrigation network was developed by the British in the Indus river basin and at the time of partition the dividing line of the sub-continent disregarded not only the topography but also the irrigation boundaries of the then existing canal supply system. This created great challenges for the water resources development work in Pakistan. This paper discusses the importance of water and its role in the economic development of a country through increase in agricultural and industrial development. It traces the path as to how in Pakistan over the last 67 years various studies were carried out for the planning and development of water resources in the country. It discusses the steps that need to be taken today so that ample water is made available for our future generations for their survival. 1. INTRODUCTION All life on Earth depends on water, whether it is a plant in a desert, an animal in a wilderness, an insect in a rock crevice or a fish in a lake.
    [Show full text]
  • 10-35 Waterworldwaterday 22 March 2014Water and Anex Izharul
    World Water Day 22nd March, 2014 10 WATER ENERGY NEXUS By Dr. Izhar ul Haq1 SYNOPSIS Pakistan has on the average about 145 MAF of surface flows per annum. Out of this on average 103 MAF is diverted for irrigation at various barrages, 10 MAF is the system loss and 32 MAF goes down the last barrage into sea every year. Mangla and Tarbela two mega Dams were built as a part of the replacement works of the Indus Basin Plan. Their storage capacity has reduced due to sedimentation. There are about 100 small to medium dams on tributaries but their storage capacity is small. Pakistan has presently storage capacity of 10% of annual flows against 40% World average. Construction of Kalabagh Dam is stalled due to non consensus of the provinces. Diamer Basha Dam, having the approval of Council of Common Interest and Political Consensus, is ready for construction since 2008 and is still awaiting the financing arrangement for construction. These are only a couple of mega storage sites on main river Indus. Pakistan must build storage dams not only for food self sufficiency but also for cheap hydropower and flood mitigation. Pakistan has hydropower potential of 60,000 MW out of which it has exploited only 11%. The share of hydropower has reduced from 60% to 32% of the total power generated. The dependence on the imported fossil fuel (oil) has pushed the power tariff upwards. Pakistan has 18 small to medium hydel stations and only 3 stations greater than 1000 MW. The hydel power produced by Mangla and Tarbela has been the main stay in the economy of Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Science Journal 2013;10(3) Http
    Life Science Journal 2013;10(3) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Pakistan’s Hydro Potential and Energy Crisis Tahir Mahmood 1, Hasham Khan 2, Mohammad Ahmad Choudhry 1 1. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan 2. Department of Electrical Engineering, GCT, Abbottabad, Pakistan [email protected] Abstract: Pakistan has abundant water resources. Hydro-potential resources can play effective role in contributing towards energy security as well as energy independence of Pakistan. This research paper delineates hydro potential in Pakistan. At present, Pakistan is facing severe short fall of electric energy. A brief history and the present situation of the hydro-electricity production, its consumption in the country and importance of utilization of water resources for the production of electric power have been discussed. Predictions to solve energy crises are made on the basis of empirical data and preliminary observations. The root causes of the shortfall in energy generation, an estimated forecast of demand and generation of electricity for the next twenty years has also been predicted. Energy projections have been discussed in detail. [T. MAhmoo, H. Khan, M.A. Choudhry. Pakistan’s Hydro Potential and Energy Crisis. Life Sci J 2013;10(3):1059-1069] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 154 Keywords: Energy crisis, electricity generation, hydro potential. 1. Introduction facing by the whole world now a day. At present, the Pakistan, at present facing serious short fall duration of forced load shedding in peak season is of electric energy and this has evolved as crises. All between 8 hrs to 10 hrs in urban areas while 16 hrs to kinds of industries as well as common man had been 18 hours in rural areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Irrigation System, Arid Piedmont Plains of Southern Khyber-Paktunkhwa (NWFP), Pakistan; Issues & Solutions
    Irrigation System, Arid Piedmont Plains of Southern Khyber-Paktunkhwa (NWFP), Pakistan; Issues & Solutions Muhammad Nasim Golra Javairia Naseem Golra Department of Irrigation, AGES Consultants, Government of Khyber-Paktunkhwa, Peshawar Peshawar IRRIGATION POTENTIAL Khyber-Paktunkhwa (Million (NWFP) Acres) Total Area (NWFP+FATA) 25.4 Cultivable Area 6.72 Irrigated Area Govt. Canals 1.2467 Civil Canals 0.82 Lift Irrigation Schemes 0.1095 Tube Wells/Dug Wells 0.1008 Total 2.277 Potential Area for Irrigation 4.443 Lakki Marwat 0.588 D.I. Khan 1.472 Tank 0.436 Total 2.496 Rest of Province 1.947 Upper Siran Canal Kunhar River Siran River Lower Siran Canal Icher Canal Haro River Irrigation System , KP (NWFP) Indus River Daur River Khan Pur Dam Sarai Saleh Channel L.B.C R.B.C Mingora 130 miles 40 miles 96 miles Swat River Tarbela Dam P.H.L.C Ghazi Brotha Barrage Topi Bazi Irrigation Scheme Pehur Main Swabi Swan River Amandara H/W Indus River Chashma Barrage Machai Branch U.S.C Taunsa Barrage Lower Swat Kalabagh Barrage Kabul River Mardan Nowshera D.I.Khan Kohat Toi CRBC Kohat Munda H/W Panj Kora River Peshawar Main Canal L.B. Canal CRBC 1st Lift 64 Feet Tanda Dam K.R.C CRBC 2nd Lift 120 Feet Warsak Canal Bannu CRBC 3rd Lift 170 Feet Warsak Lift Canal Tank Civil Canal Kurram Ghari H/W Kurram Tangi Dam Marwat Canal Baran Dam Gomal River Kurram River Tochi Baran Link D.I. Khan-Tank Gomal Zam Dam Area Kaitu River Tochi River Flood Irrigation Vs Canal Irrigation Command D.
    [Show full text]
  • PAKISTAN WATER and POWER DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (April
    PAKISTAN WATER AND POWER DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (April 2011) April 2011 www.wapda.gov.pk PREFACE Energy and water are the prime movers of human life. Though deficient in oil and gas, Pakistan has abundant water and other energy sources like hydel power, coal, wind and solar power. The country situated between the Arabian Sea and the Himalayas, Hindukush and Karakoram Ranges has great political, economic and strategic importance. The total primary energy use in Pakistan amounted to 60 million tons of oil equivalent (mtoe) in 2006-07. The annual growth of primary energy supplies and their per capita availability during the last 10 years has increased by nearly 50%. The per capita availability now stands at 0.372 toe which is very low compared to 8 toe for USA for example. The World Bank estimates that worldwide electricity production in percentage for coal is 40, gas 19, nuclear 16, hydro 16 and oil 7. Pakistan meets its energy requirement around 41% by indigenous gas, 19% by oil, and 37% by hydro electricity. Coal and nuclear contribution to energy supply is limited to 0.16% and 2.84% respectively with a vast potential for growth. The Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) is vigorously carrying out feasibility studies and engineering designs for various hydropower projects with accumulative generation capacity of more than 25000 MW. Most of these studies are at an advance stage of completion. After the completion of these projects the installed capacity would rise to around 42000 MW by the end of the year 2020. Pakistan has been blessed with ample water resources but could store only 13% of the annual flow of its rivers.
    [Show full text]
  • Development Expenditure (Volume-IV) Budget Estimates 2021-22
    For Departmental use only FEDERAL BUDGET 2021–2022 DETAILS OF DEMANDS FOR GRANTS AND APPROPRIATIONS Development Expenditure (Volume-IV) Budget Estimates 2021-22 Government of Pakistan Finance Division Islamabad PART III - DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE A - DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE ON REVENUE ACCOUNT : I - CABINET SECRETARIAT - PAGES 86 Development Expenditure of Cabinet Division 2403 87 Development Expenditure of Aviation Division 2407 88 Development Expenditure of Establishment Division 2417 89 Development Expenditure of Poverty Alleviation and Social Safety Division 2420 90 Development Expenditure of SUPARCO 2423 II - CLIMATE CHANGE, MINISTRY OF - 91 Development Expenditure of Climate Change Division 2431 III - COMMERCE, MINISTRY OF - 92 Development Expenditure of Commerce Division 2437 IV - COMMUNICATIONS, MINISTRY OF - 93 Development Expenditure of Communications Division 2443 V - DEFENCE, MINISTRY OF - 94 Development Expenditure of Defence Division 2449 95 Development Expenditure of Survey of Pakistan 2456 VI - DEFENCE PRODUCTION, MINISTRY OF - 96 Development Expenditure of Defense Production Division 2461 VII - ENERGY, MINISTRY OF - 97 Development Expenditure of Power Division 2465 (i) VIII - FEDERAL EDUCATION, PROFESSIONAL TRAINING, PAGES NATIONAL HERITAGE AND CULTURE, MINISTRY OF - 98 Development Expenditure of Federal Education and Professional Training Division 2475 99 Development Expenditure of Higher Education Commission (HEC) 2490 100 Development Expenditure of National Vocational & Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC) 2527 101
    [Show full text]
  • Explore New Business in the Middle East and North the Courage and Valour to Succeed in All of Our Endeavours
    Preface Environmental & Public Health Engineering Sector 28 04 Services Architecture & Planning Sector 22 03 Fields of Activity Transportation Engineering Sector 16 02 Contents List of Major New, Ongoing & Dam Engineering Sector Completed Projects 37 14 Water Resources Sector Information Technology & GIS Sector 34 10 Energy Sector Oil, Gas & Industrial Sector 32 06 Activity Fields of Water Resources Planning, Drainage, Implementation Strategies, Policy Salinity Control and Land Reclamation, Formulation, Residential Communities, Dams and Barrages, Irrigation and Urban/Rural Development Planning, Drainage Systems, Groundwater Advocacy Planning, Preparation of Resources Development, Flood Zoning Regulations and Bye-laws, Management and Forecasting/Warning Tourism Planning, Regeneration, Re- Systems and Institutional and Social settlement and Renewal Planning Development Water Supply, Sewerage, Stormwater Power Transmission and Distribution, Drainage, Solid Waste Management, Substations, Hydropower, Thermal Plumbing, Water and Wastewater Power, Nuclear Power, Rural Treatment Electrification, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Site Characterisation/Baseline Data for Telecommunications and Oil and Gas Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Risk Assessment, Motorways, Highways, Urban Roads, Environmental Planning and Rural Roads, Grade-separated Management, Environmental Health and Interchanges, Bridges and Flyovers, Safety, Air and Noise Pollution Control, Subways and Underpasses, Tunnels, Contaminated Site Assessment
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Flood Report 2010
    Report on Floods 2010 GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN MINISTRY OF WATER AND POWER ANNUAL FLOOD REPORT 2010 Pictures of 2010‐Floods OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ENGINEERING ADVISER & CHAIRMAN, FEDERAL FLOOD COMMISSION ISLAMABAD Federal Flood Commission, Ministry of Water & Power 1 Report on Floods 2010 Table of Contents Serial # Description Page # Executive Summary 4 Acknowledgement 6 1. FLOODS IN PAKISTAN 7 1.1 Indus Basin River System 7 1.2 Causes of Floods in Pakistan 9 1.3 Impact of Global Warming 10 1.4 Historical Flood Events 11 1.5 Integrated Approach in Flood Management 12 2. FEDERAL FLOOD COMMISSSION 13 2.1 Historic Perspective 13 2.2 Functions 13 2.3 Achievements 13 3. FLOOD MANAGEMENT MECHANISM 18 3.1 Organizations involved and responsibilities 18 3.2 Pre-Flood Meetings 23 3.3 Flood Communication Cell 23 3.4 Flood Warning Dissemination System 24 4. FLOODS 2010 26 4.1 Official Seasonal Monsoon Rainfall Forecast 30 4.2 Flooding Pattern during 2010 Flood Season 31 4.3 Overall Assessment of 2010 Monsoon Season 39 4.4 Country-wide Losses/ Damages due to 2010 Floods 39 4.5 2010 Floods-Damages and Needs Assessment 40 5. LESSONS LEARNT 43 6. FUTURE MITIGATION STRATEGIES 44 6.1 Comprehensive Flood Management Plan Studies 44 6.2 Status of Flood Damage Restoration/ Reconstruction Plans 45 6.3 Mechanism for implementation of Restoration/ 48 Reconstruction Works 6.4 Pre-emptive Measures to Avert the Possibility of the Impact 49 of un-expected Floods in monsoon season (2011) 6.5 Post Flood meeting of Federal Flood Commission 50 Federal Flood Commission, Ministry
    [Show full text]
  • Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan I
    Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan i ii Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan iii iv Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan Acknowledgements his volume is based on papers presented at the one-day National T Workshop on the topical and vital theme of Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan held on December 17, 2014 at Marriott Hotel, Islamabad. The Workshop was jointly organised and financed by the Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI) and the Hanns Seidel Foundation, (HSF) Islamabad. We are grateful to the contributors who presented their scholarly papers at the workshop and the chairpersons who presided over the lengthy proceedings and summed up the findings of each session with their valuable comments. We are also thankful to the representatives of public sector institutions who accepted our invitation to participate in the workshop as discussants. All efforts were made to make the workshop as productive and result- oriented as possible. However, if there was any area left wanting in some respect the workshop management owns responsibility for that. Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan v CONTENTS Acknowledgements Acronyms Introduction 1 Welcome Address Ambassador (R) Sohail Amin 5 Opening Remarks Mr. Kristof W. Duwaerts 7 Concluding Remarks Ambassador (R) Sohail Amin 9 Chapter 1 Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan Air Cdr. (R) Khalid Iqbal and Aftab Hussain 10 Chapter 2 Review of Energy Sector with Focus on Electricity Tariff Determination Advocate Ameena Sohail 19 Chapter 3 Implementation of National Energy Policy: Challenges and Options Ashfaq Mahmood 32 Chapter 4 Fund Raising for Energy Projects in Pakistan Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydel Power Potential of Pakistan 15
    Foreword God has blessed Pakistan with a tremendous hydel potential of more than 40,000 MW. However, only 15% of the hydroelectric potential has been harnessed so far. The remaining untapped potential, if properly exploited, can effectively meet Pakistan’s ever-increasing demand for electricity in a cost-effective way. To exploit Pakistan’s hydel resource productively, huge investments are necessary, which our economy cannot afford except at the expense of social sector spending. Considering the limitations and financial constraints of the public sector, the Government of Pakistan announced its “Policy for Power Generation Projects 2002” package for attracting overseas investment, and to facilitate tapping the domestic capital market to raise local financing for power projects. The main characteristics of this package are internationally competitive terms, an attractive framework for domestic investors, simplification of procedures, and steps to create and encourage a domestic corporate debt securities market. In order to facilitate prospective investors, the Private Power & Infrastructure Board has prepared a report titled “Pakistan Hydel Power Potential”, which provides comprehensive information on hydel projects in Pakistan. The report covers projects merely identified, projects with feasibility studies completed or in progress, projects under implementation by the public sector or the private sector, and projects in operation. Today, Pakistan offers a secure, politically stable investment environment which is moving towards deregulation
    [Show full text]
  • Psdp 2008-2009
    WATER & POWER DIVISION (WATER SECTOR) (Million Rupees) Sl. Name, Location & Status of the Estimated Cost Expenditure Throw- Allocation for 2008-09 No Scheme Total Foreign upto June forward as Rupee Foreign Total Loan 2008 on 01-7-08 Loan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 On-going 1 Raising of Mangla Dam 62553.000 0.000 59896.310 2656.690 18000.000 0.000 18000.000 2 Mirani Dam 5861.000 0.000 4931.540 929.460 300.000 0.000 300.000 3 Resettlement Action Plan - Mirani Dam 1243.940 0.000 662.690 581.250 50.000 0.000 50.000 4 Sabakzai Dam 1576.550 0.000 1455.970 120.580 120.000 0.000 120.000 5 Kurram Tangi Dam 17205.266 5368.222 874.710 16330.556 500.000 0.000 500.000 6 Satpara Multipurpose Dam 2090.431 195.786 2442.040 0.000 100.000 0.000 100.000 7 Gomal Zam Dam 12829.000 4964.000 3678.610 9150.390 2000.000 0.000 2000.000 8 Greater Thal Canal (Phase - I) 30467.000 0.000 8091.530 22375.470 1500.000 0.000 1500.000 9 Kachhi Canal (Phase - I) 31204.000 0.000 19517.820 11686.180 8500.000 0.000 8500.000 10 Rainee Canal (Phase - I) 18861.580 0.000 5871.730 12989.850 3000.000 0.000 3000.000 11 Lower Indus Right Bank Irrigation & 14707.000 0.000 11072.110 3634.890 2500.000 0.000 2500.000 Drainage, Sindh 12 Balochistan Effluent Disposal into RBOD.
    [Show full text]
  • Physiochemical Analysis of Water and Soil from Gomal Zam Dam Of
    American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (6): 1182-1185, 2015 ISSN 1818-6769 © IDOSI Publications, 2015 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2015.15.6.94241 Physiochemical Analysis of Water and Soil from Gomal Zam Dam of Khajuri Kach in South Waziristan Agency of Pakistan, with Special Reference to Their Impact on Fish Growth and Survival 1Hameed-Ur-Rehman, 23 Zubia Masood, Shagufta Saddozai, 4Wali Muhammad Achakzai, 3Fariha Mengal, 3Saima Durrani, 53Huma Tareen, Farhana Khan and 3Humara Zahid 1Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat District, KPK Province, Pakistan 2Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan 3Department of Zoology, SardarBahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Pakistan 4Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan 5Department of Chemistry, SardarBahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Pakistan Abstract: A study on physicochemical parameters of water and soil was carried out on Gomal Zam Dam situated in Khajuri Kach of South Waziristan Agency in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan,with special reference to its impact on fish growth and survival. The physicochemical characteristics of both water and soil analyzed in the present study includes i.e., color, odor, elasticity,temperature, pH, conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS). The results of present analysis revealed that the temperature of dam water and soil was above the tolerable range of fishes, hence not suitable for fish survival and growth, whereas the remaining other parameters like color, odor, elasticity, pH, EC, TDS were found in suitable range, which indicates the better quality of water and soil of Gomal Zam dam. Therefore, from the result of the present study, it was concluded that GomalZam dam is good to support the survival and production of aquatic life, especially fish fauna.
    [Show full text]