Dissertation Corina Mavrodin
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Trials of the War Criminals
TRIALS OF THE WAR CRIMINALS General Considerations The Fascist regime that ruled Romania between September 14, 1940, and August 23, 1944, was brought to justice in Bucharest in May 1946, and after a short trial, its principal leaders—Ion and Mihai Antonescu and two of their closest assistants—were executed, while others were sentenced to life imprisonment or long terms of detention. At that time, the trial’s verdicts seemed inevitable, as they indeed do today, derived inexorably from the defendants’ decisions and actions. The People’s Tribunals functioned for a short time only. They were disbanded on June 28, 1946,1 although some of the sentences were not pronounced until sometime later. Some 2,700 cases of suspected war criminals were examined by a commission formed of “public prosecutors,”2 but only in about half of the examined cases did the commission find sufficient evidence to prosecute, and only 668 were sentenced, many in absentia.3 There were two tribunals, one in Bucharest and one in Cluj. It is worth mentioning that the Bucharest tribunal sentenced only 187 people.4 The rest were sentenced by the tribunal in Cluj. One must also note that, in general, harsher sentences were pronounced by the Cluj tribunal (set up on June 22, 1 Marcel-Dumitru Ciucă, “Introducere” in Procesul maresalului Antonescu (Bucharest: Saeculum and Europa Nova, 1995-98), vol. 1: p. 33. 2 The public prosecutors were named by communist Minister of Justice Lucret iu Pătrăşcanu and most, if not all of them were loyal party members, some of whom were also Jews. -
Mareşalul Alexandru Averescu, Un Om Pentru Istorie
Magazin al Fundaţiei “Mareşal Alexandru Averescu” Străjer în calea Cadranfurtunilor militar buzoian Anul III, nr. 5, 9 martie 2009 Mareşalul 150 de ani de la naştere Alexandru Averescu, un om pentru istorie http://www.jointophq.ro ------------------- Străjer în calea furtunilor Magazin trimestrial Numai generalii care fac jertfe folositoare pătrund în Adresa: Buzău, str. Independenţei nr. 24 sufletul maselor. Tel. 0238.717.113 www.jointophq.ro Director : gl. bg. Dan Ghica-Radu COLECTIVUL DE REDACŢIE Redactor-şef: Redactor-şef adjunct: mr. Romeo Feraru Secretar de redacţie: col. (r) Constantin Dinu Redactori: - col (r) Mihai Goia - col. (r) Mihail Pîrlog - preot militar Alexandru Tudose - Emil Niculescu - Viorel Frîncu Departament economie: lt. col. (r) Gherghina Oprişan Departament difuzare: plt. adj. Dan Tinca Tipar: ISSN: 1843-4045 Responsabilitatea pentru conţinutul materialelor publicate aparţine exclusiv autorilor, conform art. 205- 206 Cod penal. Reproducerea textelor şi fotografiilor este permisă numai în condiţiile prevăzute de lege. Manuscrisele nu se înapoiază. Revista pune la dispoziţia celor interesaţi spaţii de publicitate. Numărul curent al revistei se găseşte pe site-ul fundaţiei, în format pdf. Revista se difuzează- 2 la - toate structurile militare din judeţul Buzău, la asociaţiile şi fundaţiile militare locale, precum şi la instituţiile civile interesate de conţinutul său. ------------------- Străjer în calea furtunilor Pro domo Numai generalii Evocarea unor personalităţi ale istoriei naţionale, rescrierea biografiei lor, radiografierea epocii şi, mai ales, a faptelor săvârşite de ei, precum care fac jertfe şi consemnarea acestor întâmplări în documente, jurnale, memorii şi iconografie, contribuie, esenţial, la o mai atentă evaluare a ceea ce am folositoare reprezentat şi, încă, mai reprezentăm în această parte a Europei. -
Eastern Europe
* *»t« »t<»»t« ************* Eastern Europe INTRODUCTION FTER A PROTRACTED STRUGCLE, Nikita Khrushchev succeeded in July 1957 AL. in securing the removal from top Communist Party and government positions of Vyacheslav Molotov, Lazar Kaganovich, Georgi Malenkov, and Dmitri Shepilov. At the same time two other lesser party leaders, Mikail Pervukhin and Maxim Saburov, were removed from the Party presidium. The decision to remove them was taken at a plenary meeting of the Com- munist Party Central Committee in Moscow June 22-29, 1957. Khrushchev and the 309-member Central Committee accused the deposed leaders, the so- called "anti-Party group," of wanting to lead the Party back to the pattern of leadership and the political line that had prevailed under Josef Stalin. While there were varying interpretations as to which of the contending men and factions represented what policy, it was clear that in this all-important fight for power a new and significant element had been introduced. In his duel with the oldest and most authoritative leaders of the Party, Khrushchev could not muster more than about half of the presidium votes. The powerful support he needed to break the deadlock came from the Soviet army. The backing of Marshal Georgi Zhukov, according to reliable reports, assured Khrushchev's victory. At the same Central Committee meeting, Zhukov was elevated to full membership in the Party presidium. After the June plenum, the influence of Marshal Zhukov and his role in the government of the Soviet Union seemed to increase, and the marshal's pronouncements indicated that he did not underestimate his newly acquired power position. -
Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr. -
The Partition of Korea After World War II This Page Intentionally Left Blank the PARTITION of KOREA AFTER WORLD WAR II
The Partition of Korea after World War II This page intentionally left blank THE PARTITION OF KOREA AFTER WORLD WAR II A GLOBAL HISTORY Jongsoo Lee THE PARTITION OFKOREA AFTER WORLD WAR II © Jongsoo Lee, 2006. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-6982-8 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53150-9 ISBN 978-1-4039-8301-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781403983015 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lee, Jongsoo. The partition of Korea after world war II : a global history / Jongsoo Lee. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Korea—History—Partition, 1945– 2. World War, 1939–1945— Diplomatic history—Soviet Union. 3. World War, 1939–1945— Diplomatic history—United States. 4. Korea—History—Allied occupation, 1945–1948. I. Title. DS917.43.L44 2006 951.904Ј1—dc22 2005054895 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. -
Conspiracy of Peace: the Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956
The London School of Economics and Political Science Conspiracy of Peace: The Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956 Vladimir Dobrenko A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, October 2015 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 90,957 words. Statement of conjoint work I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by John Clifton of www.proofreading247.co.uk/ I have followed the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, for referencing. 2 Abstract This thesis deals with the Soviet Union’s Peace Campaign during the first decade of the Cold War as it sought to establish the Iron Curtain. The thesis focuses on the primary institutions engaged in the Peace Campaign: the World Peace Council and the Soviet Peace Committee. -
The Totalitarian System in the USSR
The totalitarian system in the USSR The totalitarian system in the USSR Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Bibliografia: Jurij Drużnikow, Rozejrzyjcie się dzieci...., 2000. Aleksandr Sołżenicyn, Archipelag Gułag, t. III, tłum. Jerzy Pomianowski, Warszawa 1990, s. 247–248. Włodzimierz Lenin. The totalitarian system in the USSR Lines for free bread in Kharkiv Source: domena publiczna. Link to the lesson You will learn about the circumstances in which Stalin came to power and the history of the Red Terror; about the changes in the political, social and economic life of the USSR after Stalin came to power, including the industrialisation of the country, collectivisation of the agricultural sector and its outcomes (the Holomodor), and the Great Purge; about the characteristics of the totalitarian system. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu The founder of the Soviet state was Lenin, who established its ideological foundations and made it possible for the Bolsheviks to come to power and strengthen their rule in the country. After Lenin’s death in 1924, Stalin started gradually and silently changing the party structures, and filled significant positions with people loyal to him. Having eliminated his most dangerous opponent (Leon Trotsky), Stalin started taking actions which allowed him to assume full power in 1929. Stalin preached that with the development of communism, the number of class enemies increases, and staying faithful to his theory, he killed everyone who raised the slightest doubt. Terror became the foundation of Stalin’s unlimited power and allowed him to create one of the most sinister systems in the world. -
The Ukrainian Weekly 1981
^enr-Ci ^г- — ж СВОБОДАД^УОВОБА І vt л-ш УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ЩОАІННИК 'njggr U КЯ А І N ІАН о лич Щ --x-oo^ . z о JO о -c -4 30 O"O ;e a^"n - о O–Л О z о Oas vol. LXXXVIII ШNo. 18 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY З, І98І 25 cents Soviet bureaucracy thwarts attempts Jersey Senate calls for rainianreleas Weekle of Yuriy Shukhevycy h of congressmanPUBLISHE toD callBY THE RudenkosUKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INC.. A FRATERNAL NON-PROFIT ASSOCIATION PHILADELPHIA - Rep. Law– Efforts to reach Mr. Rudenko's wife the dubious cause of his arrest and in Kiev were also unsuccessful, as detainment. Sens. Joseph Hirkala, rence Coughlin (R-Pa.) disclosed on operators reported her phone was Laurence S. Weiss, Walter Sheil, Wil– April 28 that Soviet bureaucracy disconnected. liam J. Hamilton and Joseph Merlino thwarted his attempts to telephone impri– Eventually, he called the Soviet joined Sen. Caufield as co-sponsors. soned Ukrainian political activist My– introduced shortly after the Ukrai– kola Rudenko, who is currently serving Embassy in Washington, where an unidentified official, commenting on nian independence Day proclamation the fourth year of a 12-year sentence in a in the Senate, SR 3002 quickly cleared Soviet labor camp. the congressman's frustration, said: "As Walter Cronkite says—that's the way it the committee process, but a vote was Mr. Rudenko, a poet and founding delayed because the Legislature recess– member of the Ukrainian Helsinki is." Rep. Coughlin said the entire episode ed for the appropriations process. Group, was sentenced in 1977 to seven Although unanimous approval was years in a strict-regimen camp to be "was most frustrating especially in light of the lack of cooperation from phone expected, Sen. -
Anexă La Dispoziţia Nr. SECTORUL 1 AL MUNICIPIULUI BUCUREŞTI
Anexă la dispoziţia nr. SECTORUL 1 AL MUNICIPIULUI BUCUREŞTI DELIMITAREA ŞI SEDIUL SECŢIILOR DE VOTARE Secţia de votare nr. 1 cu sediul în LICEUL TEORETIC "NICOLAE IORGA" din Bld. Ion Mihalache Nr. 126; CP 011203, unde vor vota alegătorii domiciliaţi pe arterele: Int. 1 MAI Pța. DOMENII Bld. ION MIHALACHE, (fost 1 MAI) nr. 64-96, 75-113 Str. Adresă inexistentă, cu domiciliul pe raza sec. 1 Nr. 0 Secţia de votare nr. 2 cu sediul în LICEUL TEORETIC " NICOLAE IORGA " din Bld. Ion Mihalache Nr. 126; CP 011203, unde vor vota alegătorii domiciliaţi pe arterele: Bld. ION MIHALACHE, (fost 1 MAI) nr. 98-146A, 115-299B, 299 BIS Secţia de votare nr. 3 cu sediul în LICEUL TEORETIC " NICOLAE IORGA " din Bld. Ion Mihalache Nr. 126; CP 011203, unde vor vota alegătorii domiciliaţi pe arterele: Bld. ION MIHALACHE, (fost 1 MAI) nr. 148-148B, 301-319, 319 B Ale. Lt. GHEORGHE STÂLPEANU Secţia de votare nr. 4 cu sediul în LICEUL TEORETIC " NICOLAE IORGA " din Bld. Ion Mihalache Nr. 126; CP 011203, unde vor vota alegătorii domiciliaţi pe arterele: Bld. ION MIHALACHE, (fost 1 MAI) nr. 150-160A, 160B Secţia de votare nr. 5 cu sediul în LICEUL GRECO-CATOLIC "TIMOTEI CIPARIU" din Str. Bucegi Nr. 97; CP 012315, unde vor vota alegătorii domiciliaţi pe arterele: Int. ALPINIŞTILOR Str. BIRUINŢEI Str. Cpt. MIRCEA PETRE Str. DUMITRU FLORESCU Str. ELIE CARAFOLI, (fostă PENTELEU) Str. GALILEIA Str. IONEL FERNIC, (fostă FERMEI) Str. ISER IOSIF Str. Lt. GRIGORE STAMATESCU Str. Lt. VASILE FUICĂ Str. Mr. NICOLAE CAPŞA Str. PARÂNGULUI Str. POPIŞTEANU Str. -
Soviet-American Relations and the Origins of Containment 1941-1946: the Force of Tradition
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1988 Soviet-American relations and the origins of containment 1941-1946: The force of tradition Anita Louise Coryell The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Coryell, Anita Louise, "Soviet-American relations and the origins of containment 1941-1946: The force of tradition" (1988). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5179. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5179 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 Th i s is an unpublished m a n u s c r ip t in w h ic h c o p y r ig h t s u b s i s t s . Any f u r t h e r r e p r in t in g of i t s c o n t e n t s m u st be APPROVED BY THE AUTHOR. Ma n s f i e l d L ib r a r y U n i v e r s i t y of Mo n ta n a Da t e : , 1 , SOVIET-AMERICAN RELATIONS AND THE ORIGINS OF CONTAINMENT, 1941-1946: THE FORCE OF TRADITION By Anita Louise Coryell B.A., Rutgers, The State University, 1974 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1988 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean, Graduate School lusrt/J Date UMI Number: EP40643 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. -
Chapter 12: Identity, Rationality, and Emotion in the Processes of State Disintegration and Reconstruction
Identity, Rationality, and Emotion in the Processes of State Disintegration and Reconstruction The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Petersen, Roger D. (2012). "Identity, Rationality, and Emotion in the Processes of State Disintegration and Reconstruction." In Kanchan Chandra (Ed.), Constructivist Theories of Ethnic Politics. New York: Oxford University Press. As Published http://global.oup.com/academic/product/constructivist-theories-of- ethnic-politics-9780199893157?cc=us&lang=en& Publisher Oxford University Press Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87092 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 1 Chapter 12: Identity, Rationality, and Emotion in the Processes of State Disintegration and Reconstruction Roger Petersen I wish to address both a substantive and a methodological issue in this chapter. Substantively, I will discuss the process of state disintegration and reconstruction. Here, I will draw on the experience of Eastern Europe following the collapse of Communism. Today, more than twenty new states occupy the territories formerly held by the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. Furthermore, the process of breakdown and rebuilding is incomplete, especially in terms of identity issues. For example, while most people have some understanding of how the first Yugoslavia collapsed, few appreciate how the second “rump” Yugoslavia and the surrounding territories remain in flux. Albanians and Slavs are working toward new political and social equilibria in Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and the three mixed municipalities in Serbia proper (Presevo, Bujanovac, and Medvedje). -
Romanian Exceptionalism 2016 Irina Oana Gheorgh
Explaining the Persistence of Unprofessional Bureaucracy in a Modernising State: Romanian Exceptionalism A Thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Faculty of Humanities 2016 Irina Oana Gheorghe Alliance Manchester Business School/People, Management and Organisations Table of Contents Chapter 1: The Challenge of Modernising Public Administration in Romania 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………… 9 1.1 The problem with Romanian Public Administration................... 13 1.2 Aims and Objectives.................................................................... 16 1.3 Structure of the Thesis…………………………………………………………… 22 1.4 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………… 26 Chapter 2: Public Administration in Romania: The legacy of the Past 2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………… 28 2.2 Institutional Theories…………………………………………………………..… 29 2.3 International level of analysis for Public Management…………… 39 2.4 European/Regional level of analysis of Public Management…… 48 2.5 Adapting Managerialism to Public Administration………………… 53 2.6 Towards a Framework of Analysis…………………………………………… 59 2.7 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………… 61 Chapter 3: Research Data and Methodology 3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………… 63 3.2 Institutionalism and Method…………………………………………………… 66 3.3 Research Design and Method………………………………………………… 67 3.4 Developing the Research Methods: Elite interviewing…………… 73 3.5 The use of Secondary Data……………………………………………………… 75 3.6 Developing the Interview Questions……………………………………….