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Muuga Harbour Paljassaare Harbour Paldiski South Harbour Cargo Cargo Saaremaa Harbour

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Muuga Harbour Paljassaare Harbour Paldiski South Harbour Cargo Cargo Saaremaa Harbour Results of the environmental monitoring of the recent expansion of Port of Tallinn Jüri Elken, Marine Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia Overview based on a large number of individual contributors main institutions: Marine Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu Environment Commission of the Central Dredging Association (CEDA) Marine Systems Institute at Tallinn University of Technology (MSI) International seminar "Dredging and the Environment“ Tallinn, 15-16 October 2008 Coastal sea research areas Permanent areas (harbors) Pulp mill Kunda Sewage NarvaRiver mouth Muuga New Tallinn harbor Dredging Paldiski Lehtma Haapsalu Virtsu Veere IcePärnu Dredging KuressaareDredging Projects Harbours in N & NW Estonia Port developments include several environmental risk issues. According to Estonian environmental law the environmental impact assessment (EIA) is compulsory if the amount of dredging or dumping during the construction is more than 10 000m3 of sediments. The normal EIA in case of harbor development expands upon the following possible environmental impacts: •Heavy metals and oil products in sediments •Meteorological conditions (winds) •Hydrodynamical conditions (water level, waves, currents) •Marine biota (bottom fauna, bottom flora, fish, birds) •And socio-economical impacts. After the EIA is accepted by the Ministry of Environment the necessary environmental monitoring program is worked out for every case. The most important part of monitoring program is monitoring the impact to marine environment during the dredging. Wintering of globally endangered Steller’s Eider From report by Kuresoo et al. Observations near Tagamõisa peninsula, NW Saaremaa Tarmo Kõuts, Janek Laanearu Spatial probability of oil pollution EIA-related study of planned deep harbor sites, NW Saaremaa Method: • calculate currents for long (≈year) period, that it covers basic wind statistics • release drifters from point source every Lagrangian time step • recollect drifter positions after specified inetrval (24 h) • average “final positions” over entire calculation period Motivation, social alarm due to: • nearby nature reserve (Vilsandi National Park) • wintering places for globally endangered birds Jüri Elken New Saaremaa Harbour, operational since 2006 New Saaremaa Harbour, monitoring of coastal processes / damages Results from 2006-2008: Coastal changes correspond to the stormy periods with high waves, influence of port structures on natural coastal dynamics was not identified Jüri Kask, Andres Kask New Saaremaa Harbour, measurements of wave activity measurements in October 2007 near harbour wind speed Modelling showed that SWAN model derived significant wave heights were well correlated with the wind direction measured ones, whereas model overpredicted small wave events and underpredicted significant wave significant wave height events. The wave climate of the bay is rather mild and the highest waves are expected during north- westerly storms. Results are used also for adjustment and verification of wave models, necessary for calculation of sediment transport, oil drift etc Tarmo Kõuts, Kaimo Vahter, Victor Alari New Saaremaa Harbour, measurements of currents measurements in July 2007 near harbour Currents are small, but important for spreading of accidental pollution to sensitive areas measurements in October 2007 near harbour Tarmo Kõuts, Kaimo Vahter, Victor Alari New Saaremaa Harbour, monitoring of phytobenthos sampling grid results from 2007 species dependence on depth Fraction of one-year species has been persistent over longer time. Effects of harbour could not been identified. Georg Martin et al New Saaremaa Harbour, monitoring of zoobenthos Mean number of species ANOSIM tests show, that Mean number of species by changes are random/natural. groups: III – pollution sensitive Effects of harbour could not been identified. Jonne Kotta et al New Saaremaa Harbour, monitoring of fish Mean catches of herring (Räim), flounder (Lest), cod (Tursk) and other fishes (Muud) Flounder catches have been stable. Herring catches have been influenced mainly by interannual weather variations. Ahto Järvik, Toomas Saat et al Port of Tallinn: harbours and their expansions Port of Tallinn comprises: Vanasadam (Old City Harbour) Muuga Harbour Paljassaare Harbour Paldiski South Harbour cargo cargo Saaremaa Harbour Harbour Old City Muuga Paljassaare Paldiski Saaremaa Harbour Harbour Harbour South Harbour Harbour Location ϕ=59°27′N ϕ= 59°30′N ϕ=59°27′N ϕ=59°20′N ϕ=58°32,4′N λ=24°46′E λ =24°58′E λ=24°42′E λ=24°05′E λ=22°14,4′E Harbour territory (ha) 54,2 524,2 43,6 114,7 10,08 Harbour aquatory (ha) 75,9 752,0 35,5 137,2 44,3 Canal Width (m) none none 90 - 150 90 - 150 none Canal Depth (m) none none 9,0 14,0 none No. of quays 23 28 11 8 3 Total length of quays (m) 4166,5 5900 1859 1442,5 445 Max. depth (m) 10,7 18,0 9,0 13,5 10,0 Max Length of vessels (m) 320 300 190 230 200 Max Width of vessels (m) 40 48 30 35 30 Muuga Harbour 2001 Muuga Harbour 2007 Muuga Harbour: planned extensions present Paldiski South Harbour 2007 Paldiski South Harbour: present scheme and planned extensions Muuga Harbour: phytobenthos Muuga laht Number of species 1997-2007 20 10 5 Liikide arv (Transekt 1) 7 6 Results 2007 5 4 Transect 1 (1.5 km to East) 3 7 7 7 5 6 7 5 5 4 • Increase of diversity in 2005-2006 was not 2 3 3 persistent 1 • Clay-hoggin sediment was replaced by 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 sandy substrates Aasta Liikide arv (transekt 2) 13 Transect 2 (1.5 km to West) 12 11 10 • Species composition has somewhat changed. 9 8 13 13 Number of species has been stable. 7 12 • Due to increased transparency, 6 5 9 8 8 8 8 phytobenthos spreads down to 12 m depth. 4 7 6 3 5 2 1 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Georg Martin, Natalia Savinitš et al Aasta Muuga Harbour: zoobenthos Macoma balthica ja Mytilus trossuluss biomasside muutused sügavustel 5-30 m 900 Mytilus trossulus 800 Macoma balthica 700 biomass Water quality has improved since 1990s: 600 500 400 biomass • Macoma balthica ja Mytilus trossulus 300 200 biomass and abundance had decreased 100 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 • crayfish abundance has increased aasta Macoma balthica ja Mytilus trossulus arvukuse muutused Vähilaadsete arvukuste muutused sügavustel 5-30 m sügavustel 5-30 m 800 6000 Macoma balthica 700 Mytilus trossulus 5000 600 500 4000 abundance 400 3000 300 arvukus arvukus is/m2 2000 200 1000 100 0 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 aasta aasta Ilmar Kotta, Jonne Kotta, Helen Orav et al Muuga Harbour: fish • To the West, in Tammneeme region, water Dynamics and structure of fish quality has decreased catches • To the East, fish populations are decreasing E monitoring 100% • Fish stocks have decreased in the PerchAhven extended harbor aquatory 80% Lest 60% Flounder • Further to the East, the influence of harbour is not significant 40% Räim Meritint 20% Särg Teised Viidikas 0% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 NW monitoring 2007 Fish species 100% Teised Külmaveelised Viidikas; 4 Nurg; 1 Räim 80% Vim b; 2 Räim; 5 Lest 60% FlounderLest; 15 Meritint Kiisk; 1 FlounderLest Ahven 40% Kiisk 20% Meritint; 2 Vim b Ahven Ahven ; 27 Perch Viidikas 0% 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Nurg Ahto Järvik, Robert Aps et al Muuga Harbour: coastal dynamics Randvere region • stable Saviranna region • small replacements of fine sediments Jüri Kask, Andres Kask Current measurements Buoy 4 months 1996 Historical current mapping 1975-1989 altogether 518 measurements, incl 397 measurements in surface layer 0-10 m, Validation of model: daily mean currents Southerly winds Northerly winds Westerly winds Easterly winds Oil pollution by tanker “Alambra”, september 2000 18.09.2000 12:00 19.09.2000 00:00 19.09.2000 12:00 20.09.2000 00:00 Observed coastal pollution Spatial probability of oil pollution Muuga harbour Control of environmental effects of dredging operations Paldiski Harbour, 2002-2003 Tarmo Kõuts, Urmas Raudsepp, Liis Sipelgas et al Daily amounts of dredged material Total amount of dredged material 1 705 799 m3 sand, silt, clay Sediment examples Marine Systems Institute has long time expertise for port dredging and construction monitoring. During dredging activities coastal waters receive considerable amount of suspended material. The sea area affected by resuspended sediments depend on the amount of matter released in the water and the transport by currents. For continuous monitoring of distribution of suspended sediments during the dredging activities we have used combination of: Remote sensing, numerical modelling and in situ measurements Remote sensing Several optical remote sensing sensors (MODIS, MERIS) provide satellite images over Baltic Sea every day. Such high temporal resolution is necessary of continuous monitoring. In our work we have used MODIS images with spatial resolution of 250 meters what are converted into suspended matter concentration according to our calibration algorithm. Numerical modeling Hydrodynamical and particle transport model is used continuously during the construction period for calculation of SPM distribution. In situ measurements During the dredging also surveys of water transparency, temperature and salinity along with taking water samples from the surface layer are performed. Concentrations of suspended matter are determined by laboratory analyses
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