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İzmi̇r History
İZMİR HISTORY Project Design Strategy Report First Edition, İzmir, 2016 1 Prof. Dr. İlhan Tekeli Prepared for publication by: Dr. H. Gökhan Kutlu Merve Çalışkan, Gizem Akyıldız, Dr. Çağlayan Deniz Kaplan, Alkın Korkmaz First Edition: September, 2016 İzmir Metropolitan Municipality Department of Survey and Project Directorate of Historic Environment and Cultural Properties İzmir History Project Centre 500 Copies Printed By: Dinç Ofset ISBN: 978-975-18-0201-9 2 CONTENTS I.INTRODUCTION 4 II.THESPATIALDIFFERENTIATIONOFTHEPOPULATIONANDTHEECONOMICGROWTH INIZMIR 7 WHATKINDOFASPATIALDIFFERENTIATIONTHEECONOMICGROWTHOFIZMIRSHOWS? 8 THEFORMATIONOFTHEIZMIRCENTERBUSINESSDISTRICT(CBD)ANDTHEFORMATIONDYNAMICSOFTHEIZMIRͲ HISTORYAREAINTHECHANGINGPROCESSINTHECOURSEOFTIME 15 IIIDETERMINATIONOFTHEIZMIRHISTORYPROJECTAREAANDSUBAREAS 34 THEFORMATIONOFTHEIZMIRͲHISTORYPROJECTANDTHELANDUSAGESTATUSESONIT 37 CHANGESTHATWEREEXPERIENCEDDURINGTHEREPUBLICPERIODINTHEIZMIRͲHISTORYPROJECTAREA ECONOMICALACTIVITIESPROFILE 47 DETERMINATIONOFTHESUBAREASOFTHEIZMIRͲHISTORYPROJECT 53 PROCESSOFTHERIFTFORMATIONINTHEIZMIRͲHISTORYPROJECTAREA 66 INFORMATIONABOUTROMANIZMIRINTHEIZMIRͲHISTORYPROJECTAREA 68 IV.STRATEGYPROPOSALOFTHEPRESERVATION/DEVELOPMENTOFIZMIRͲHISTORY PROJECTAREA 70 AIMS 71 STRATEGICALORIENTATION 72 STRATEGIESTHATSHALLBEBENEFITEDINDEVELOPINGTHEIZMIRͲHISTORYPROJECTASPERTHESUBJECTS 74 1.URBANARCHAELOGYANDPRESERVATIONSTRATEGYTHATSHALLBEIMPLEMENTEDINTHEPROJECTREGION 75 2.STRATEGYOFBRINGINGSOMEPLACESINTHEPROJECTAREAINBEINGAPLACEWHICHREALIZESAN“EXPERIENCE” BEYONDBEINGALIFEAREA. -
Archaeology and History of Lydia from the Early Lydian Period to Late Antiquity (8Th Century B.C.-6Th Century A.D.)
Dokuz Eylül University – DEU The Research Center for the Archaeology of Western Anatolia – EKVAM Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea Congressus internationales Smyrnenses IX Archaeology and history of Lydia from the early Lydian period to late antiquity (8th century B.C.-6th century A.D.). An international symposium May 17-18, 2017 / Izmir, Turkey ABSTRACTS Edited by Ergün Laflı Gülseren Kan Şahin Last Update: 21/04/2017. Izmir, May 2017 Websites: https://independent.academia.edu/TheLydiaSymposium https://www.researchgate.net/profile/The_Lydia_Symposium 1 This symposium has been dedicated to Roberto Gusmani (1935-2009) and Peter Herrmann (1927-2002) due to their pioneering works on the archaeology and history of ancient Lydia. Fig. 1: Map of Lydia and neighbouring areas in western Asia Minor (S. Patacı, 2017). 2 Table of contents Ergün Laflı, An introduction to Lydian studies: Editorial remarks to the abstract booklet of the Lydia Symposium....................................................................................................................................................8-9. Nihal Akıllı, Protohistorical excavations at Hastane Höyük in Akhisar………………………………10. Sedat Akkurnaz, New examples of Archaic architectural terracottas from Lydia………………………..11. Gülseren Alkış Yazıcı, Some remarks on the ancient religions of Lydia……………………………….12. Elif Alten, Revolt of Achaeus against Antiochus III the Great and the siege of Sardis, based on classical textual, epigraphic and numismatic evidence………………………………………………………………....13. Gaetano Arena, Heleis: A chief doctor in Roman Lydia…….……………………………………....14. Ilias N. Arnaoutoglou, Κοινὸν, συμβίωσις: Associations in Hellenistic and Roman Lydia……….……..15. Eirini Artemi, The role of Ephesus in the late antiquity from the period of Diocletian to A.D. 449, the “Robber Synod”.……………………………………………………………………….………...16. Natalia S. Astashova, Anatolian pottery from Panticapaeum…………………………………….17-18. Ayşegül Aykurt, Minoan presence in western Anatolia……………………………………………...19. -
6 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 6.1 Air Quality
6 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 6.1 Air Quality 6.1.1 Sources of Air Pollution The sources of air pollution in İzmir are industrial plants, traffic, and burning facilities used in the winter season for heating purposes. “İzmir Clean Air Plan”, prepared in 2001 states that, sulphur dioxide (SO2) emitted by industrial plants, airbone particles (PM10) generated by residential heating, nitrogen oxide (NO, NO2, NOx) released by traffic, volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide (CO) are the main factors of air pollution.221 The air quality levels are constantly surveilled at the city centre within IMM boundaries, at 4 spots (Alsancak, Bornova, Konak-Guzelyali, and Karsiyaka) by IMM, via fully-automated stationary measurement devices. The stations located in Bornova, Karsiyaka and Guzelyali measure only PM10 and SO2. The station located in Alsancak 219 measures PM10, SO2, CO, nitrogen oxides and ozone (O3) levels. Also there is an air measurement station station of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in Gaziemir districts which began operating in 2007.213 However, stabile measurements could not be performed yet due to calibration works of PM10 and SO2 devices. Measurement results of Stable Air Surveillance Stations installed in all cities in Turkey within the scope of Air Quality Surveillance Network work of Ministry of Environment and Forestry can be followed up in the internet environment from “http://www.çevreorman.gov.tr/” address of Ministry.214 Table 91, Table 92 show monthly and yearly mean values of PM10 and SO2 levels measured in station -
A New Approach for Defining the Conservation Status of Early Republican Architecture Case Study: Primary School Buildings in Izmir
A NEW APPROACH FOR DEFINING THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF EARLY REPUBLICAN ARCHITECTURE CASE STUDY: PRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN İZMİR A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY FATMA NURSEN KUL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN RESTORATION IN ARCHITECTURE MARCH 2010 Approval of the thesis: A NEW APPROACH FOR DEFINING THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF EARLY REPUBLICAN ARCHITECTURE CASE STUDY: PRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN IZMIR submitted by FATMA NURŞEN KUL in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Department of Architecture, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Canan Özgen ______________ Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güven Arif Sargın ______________ Head of the Department, Architecture Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emre Madran ______________ Supervisor, Department of Architecture, METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Elvan Altan Ergut ______________ Co-Supervisor, Department of Architecture, METU Examining Committee Members: Assoc. Prof. Dr. C. Abdi Güzer ______________ Department of Architecture, METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emre Madran ______________ Department of Architecture, METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Can Binan ______________ Department of Architecture, YTU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Suavi Aydın ______________ Department of Anthropology, HU Asst. Prof. Dr. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz ______________ Department of Architecture, METU Date: 15.03.2010 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. -
SEBNEM TELLİOGLU HARSA İzmir Institute of Technology Department
SEBNEM TELLİOGLU HARSA İzmir Institute of Technology Department of Food Engineering Gülbahçe, Urla, TR35430 İzmir, TURKEY Tel: +90 232 750 6291; Fax: +90 232 750 6196 email: [email protected] Doctor of Philosophy, Food Science and Technology 10/1987-2/1992 The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, U.K. Dissertation: Studies on the Ion-Exchange of Pectinase Master of Science, Food Engineering 2/1984-9/1986 Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. Master’s thesis: Production of Lactic Acid From Molasses Bachelor of Science, Food Engineering 9/1979-7/1983 Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. WORK EXPERIENCE: Professor, İzmir Institute of Technology 12/2001 - present Food Engineering Department, Urla, İzmir, Turkey Associate Professor, İzmir Institute of Technology 9/1995 -12/2001 Food Engineering Department, Urla, İzmir, Turkey Assistant Professor, İzmir Institute of Technology 9/1994 - 9/1995 Food Engineering Department, Urla, İzmir, Turkey Postdoctoral Research Fellow, The University of Tokyo Chemical Engineering Department, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan 10/1992 - 3/1994 Research Assistant, Ege University Food Engineering Department, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. 9/1985-9/1995 - Founding Senato member (with 7 others) and other boards at İzmir Institute of Technology 1994 - 2013. - Vice Dean of Engineering Faculty in IZTECH, 2003 - 2005. - Founding Head of Biotech&Bioeng. Department, 1996 - 2005. - Founding Head of Food Engineering Department, 1995 - 2013). - Founding General Manager of INOSHE Co. Inc. Biotech&Food R&D Consultancy (Start-up/spin off company since 2012 in IZTEKGEB, Technoparkİzmir). RESEARCH INTERESTS/EXPERIENCE of Prof. Dr. SEBNEM TELLIOGLU HARSA: Her research areas are fall into Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Food Engineering and Bioprocesses. -
Efficiency Analysis of İzmir Metro in Its Current State MASTER of CITY PLANNING
Efficiency Analysis of İzmir Metro in Its Current State By Ömer SELVİ A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment to the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF CITY PLANNING Department: City and Regional Planning Major: City Planning İzmir Institute of Technology İzmir, Turkey September, 2002 We approve the thesis of Ömer SELVİ Date of Signature …………………………………… 19.09.2002 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güneş GÜR Supervisor Department of City and Regional Planning …………………………………… 19.09.2002 Assist. Prof. Dr. Yavuz DUVARCI Department of City and Regional Planning …………………………………… 19.09.2002 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özen EYÜCE Department of Architecture …………………………………… 19.09.2002 Prof. Dr. Akõn SÜEL Head of Department ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would express firstly great thanks to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güneş GÜR for having accepted me to prepare this master thesis. I would also thank to Assist. Prof. Dr. Yavuz DUVARCI for his theoretical support during the process of this study. I would express heartfelt thanks to my dearest Evrim GÜÇER who made a serious contribution and support while preparing the thesis. I am also in debt to Ali Kemal ÇINAR for computer support. I am deeply grateful to; İBŞB staff; Ilgaz CANDEMİR, Emre ORAL, Esin TÜRSEN and Orhan KESLER for their help to enable data access. Ömür SAYGIN for GIS database support. Rose GANDEE, information specialist of APTA, for sending books. Özgür İMRE for his help throughout printing process. Finally, I would like to thank to my fellow Mehmet BAŞOĞLU for his help in land survey. i ABSTRACT This thesis analyzes the efficiency of the current state of İzmir Metro System by using the Method of Comparative Benchmarking. -
The Borderland City of Turkey: Izmir from Past to the Present Eylemer, Sedef; Memişoğlu, Dilek
www.ssoar.info The borderland city of Turkey: Izmir from past to the present Eylemer, Sedef; Memişoğlu, Dilek Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Eylemer, S., & Memişoğlu, D. (2015). The borderland city of Turkey: Izmir from past to the present. Eurolimes, 19, 159-184. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-46521-3 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. -
Ikiçeşmelik'in Çeşmeleri Eski Izmir Mahalleleri (Etiler)
KENT KONAK SONBAHAR 2016 / 29 ESKİ İZMİR MAHALLELERİ (ETİLER) Firkat, Revnak, Ziba, Rana, Meserret, Bedava adlı sokaklar neden bu kadar yalnız ve hüzünlü… İZMİR’İN TARİHİ BANKALARI NASIL ‘TARİH’ OLDU? İzmirli-Egeli bankaların çoğu 1980’li yıllara kadar küçük ölçekli ve yöresel bankacılık yaparak ayakta kaldı. ORHAN KEMAL’İN ROMANLARINDA İZMİR “O şimdi nerde mi? Kim bilir? ‘Küçük Adam’lara mahsus çileli bir hayatı sürerek, belki İzmir’de, belki İstanbul’da, belki de Van’da…” İKİÇEŞMELİK’İN ÇEŞMELERİ Yolun genişletilmesi ve yokuşun eğiminin azaltılması çalışmalarında ilk çeşme bir hayli yukarıda kaldığı için, hemen altına ikinci bir çeşme daha yapılmış ve benzerine çok güç rastlanır ilginç bir görünüm oluşmuştur. SONBAHAR 2016 / 29 KONAK BELEDİYESİ ADINA SAHİBİ Sema PEKDAŞ Konak Belediye Başkanı YAYIN KOORDİNATÖRÜ Işık TEOMAN (Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü) YAYIN DANIŞMANLARI Ozan YAYMAN - Fırat SOYLU HUKUK DANIŞMANI Mine GENÇ KNK GÖRSEL Reha ALAN KÜLTÜR SANAT M. Salim ÇETİN HALKLA İLİŞKİLER Emine KALABALIK KATKIDA BULUNANLAR Gökhan AKÇURA - Yaşar AKSOY Tufan ATAKİŞİ - Orhan BEŞİKÇİ Muzaffer CELLEK - Hürol DAĞDELEN Lütfü DAĞTAŞ - Sinan DOĞAN Hüseyin ERCİYAS - Saadet ERCİYAS Gürkan ERTAÇ - Tayfur GÖÇMENOĞLU Oktay GÖKDEMİR - Mehmet GÜLÜMSER Ahmet GÜREL - Teodora HACUDİ Atilla KÖPRÜLÜOĞLU - Nalan KOLAĞASI İMRE Sancar MARUFLU - Başak OCAK Uğur ORAL - Metin ÖZER Neslihan PERŞEMBE - Umur SÖNMEZDAĞ Ayşe TEOMAN - Başak OCAK Uğur ORAL - Atilla ÖZDEMİR Aygül UÇAR - Hüdai ÜLKER Yaşar ÜRÜK - Mazlum VESEK Burcu YAPRAK - Okan YÜKSEL EDİTÖR Ayşe TEOMAN GRAFİK Murat DİRLİK Kapak fotoğrafı Yaşar ÜRÜK BASKI TARİHİ EKİM 2016 YÖNETİM YERİ İzmir Konak Belediyesi Dokuz Eylül Meydanı No: 6 Basmane/İZMİR Tel: +90 (232) 484 53 00/1590 Internet: www.konak.bel.tr BASILDIĞI YER: İHLAS GAZETECİLİK A.Ş. -
TCDD İzmir Alsancak Limanının Geçmişten Günümüze Bölge
TCDD İZMİR ALSANCAK LİMANININ GEÇMİŞTEN GÜNÜMÜZE BÖLGE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ ___ 2019 TCDD İZMİR ALSANCAK LİMANININ GEÇMİŞTEN GÜNÜMÜZE BÖLGE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ ___ 2019 TCDD İZMİR ALSANCAK LİMANININ GEÇMİŞTEN GÜNÜMÜZE BÖLGE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN TCDD İZMİR ALSANCAK LİMANININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ GEÇMİŞTEN GÜNÜMÜZE BÖLGE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ Proje Koordinatörleri: ___ Prof.Dr. Soner ESMER – DEÜ Denizcilik Fakültesi Doç.Dr. Sadık Özlen BAŞER – DEÜ Denizcilik Fakültesi 2019 Cangül KUŞ – İZKA Merkez Çalışma Grubu Koordinatörü Hazırlayanlar: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Ekibi Prof.Dr. Soner ESMER Doç.Dr. Sadık Özlen BAŞER Dr. Ersel Zafer ORAL Ayşe DANACI Dr. Gökçay BALCI Araş.Gör. Kemal AKBAYIRLI İzmir Kalkınma Ajansı Ekibi Cangül KUŞ Erhan Mustafa ÜSTÜNEL Hakkı Gökhan ELÜSTÜN İdris DAĞHAN İpek KOCAOĞLU Sencer ÖZEN NİSAN - EKİM 2019, İZMİR Bu rapor, İzmir Kalkınma Ajansı tarafından yayına hazırlanmıştır. Bütün hakları saklıdır. Kaynak gösterilmeden tanıtım için yayımlanacak yazılar dışında, İzmir Kalkınma Ajansı’nın yazılı izni alınmadan çoğaltılamaz. © İzmir Kalkınma Ajansı. II TCDD İZMİR ALSANCAK LİMANININ GEÇMİŞTEN GÜNÜMÜZE TCDD İZMİR ALSANCAK LİMANININ GEÇMİŞTEN GÜNÜMÜZE III BÖLGE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ BÖLGE EKONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ SUNUŞ Denizcilik, tarih boyunca; yalnızca ulaşım ve ticarete büyük 17. Yüzyılın ilk yarısında liman odaklı başlayan gelişmeler, Oxford Economics tarafından 2019 yılında yayınlanan “Küresel bir kolaylık ve imkân sağlamakla kalmamış, bunun yanı sıra 19. Yüzyıla gelindiğinde İzmir’i, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Şehirler Analizi” (Global Cities Analysis) raporunda, 900 kent devletlerin, toplumların, kültürlerin, üretim biçimlerinin başkent İstanbul’dan sonra ikinci büyük kenti ve Akdeniz’in incelenmekte ve 2020-2035 yılları arasında bahse konu ve yaşam tarzlarının etkileşmelerine ve çeşitlenmelerine en büyük ticaret merkezlerinden biri haline getirmiştir. kentlere yönelik büyüme tahminleri ortaya konulmaktadır. -
Analyzing the Retail Structure Change of Izmir-Turkey: Integrative And
Mert Kompil & H. Murat Çelik Analyzing the Retail Structure Change of Izmir-Turkey 42nd ISOCARP Congress 2006 ANALYZING THE RETAIL STRUCTURE CHANGE OF IZMIR- TURKEY: INTEGRATIVE AND DISINTEGRATIVE ASPECTS OF LARGE-SCALE RETAIL DEVELOPMENTS INTRODUCTION The urban retail sector and retail environments have experienced radical changes in the last decades. With no doubt, most of the challenges are due to the changing demographic, social, economic and physical conditions of the world. As the sector has altered in terms scale, organization, and its geographical representation, many countries have introduced the emergence of new-innovative store formats, the development of large-scale out-of-town retail environments and the appearance of new consumption patterns as well. The first signs of the retail transformations have seen in the developed countries after the Second World War. With the rising affluence combined with a set demographic, technological, and life-style changes, the structure of the retail trade has changed drastically in the following decades. New store types and retail formats such as supermarkets, hypermarkets, shopping centers and specialty stores at larger scales as multiple establishments have been developed with different spatial and locational formats. Although there are numerous forces associated with this shift, the most important ones are the suburbanization of population growth, increased personal mobility and car ownership, being widespread usage of deep freeze and credit cards, rising demand for consumption goods, and changes in transportation, electronics and computer technologies (see extensive reviews on retail change in Dawson (1980), Guy (1994), Bromley and Thomas (1993), Rogers, (1984), McGoldrick (1984) etc.). Rapid transformations have continued after 1980s and retail sector has adopted itself to globalized economic structure and internationalization learning to perform in conditions of competition, economies of scale and technology intensive development. -
Real Estate Valuation Report Izmir / Konak Alsancak Ibis
REAL ESTATE VALUATION REPORT İZMİR / KONAK ALSANCAK IBIS OTEL 2018_AKFENGYO_10 1 INDEX 1. REPORT SUMMARY 3 2. REPORT INFORMATION 4 3. COMPANY AND CUSTOMER IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION. 5 4. GENERAL ANALYSIS AND DATA . 6 4.1. THE ESTATE CURRENTLY IN THE REGION'S ANALYSES AND DATA USED 6 4.2. AN ANALYSIS OF CURRENT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, REAL ESTATE MARKET, CURRENTTRENDSANDUNDERLYINGDATA 6 5 FACTS ABOUT the SUBJECT of REAL ESTATE VALUATION 13 5.1. PROPERTY LOCATION AND LOCATION, 13 5.2. PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES 15 5.2.1. STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF REAL ESTATE PROPERTIES 15 5.2.2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. 16 5.2.3. TECHNICAL FEATURES OF THE ESTATE 16 5.3. REAL ESTATE LEGAL REVIEW 16 5.3.1. LAND REGISTRY REVIEW 16 5.3.1.1. DEED RECORDS. 16 5.3.1.2. LIEN INFORMATION AND RELAYING-RELATED CONSTRAINTS 16 5.3.2. CITY REVIEW 17 5.3.2.1. RECONSTRUCTION STATUS 17 5.3.2.2. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE FILE REVIEW 17 5.3.2.3. COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS, DECISIONS OF THE COURT, THE PLAN CANCELLATIONS ETC OTHER SIMILAR TOPICS 17 5.3.2.4. BUILDING INSPECTION FIRM. 17 5.3.3. The LEGAL SITUATION-INDUCED CHANGE WITHIN THE LAST 3 YEARS 18 5.4. VALUING THE PROJECT. 18 6. VALUATION STUDIES 19 6.1. VALUATION METHODS IN THE WORKS 19 6.2. FACTORS AFFECTING THE VALUATION PROCESS. 20 6.3. FACTORS AFFECTING THE VALUE OF THE RECEIVED 20 6.4. VALUATION ASSUMPTIONS USED IN THE OPERATION, VALUATION METHODS AND REASON OF THEİR USES 20 6.5. THE VALUE OF MARKET RESEARCH AND FINDINGS. -
Railway Crossings: Encounters in Ottoman Lands
RAILWAY CROSSINGS: ENCOUNTERS IN OTTOMAN LANDS A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Elvan Cobb August 2018 © 2018 Elvan Cobb RAILWAY CROSSINGS: ENCOUNTERS IN OTTOMAN LANDS Elvan Cobb, Ph. D. Cornell University 2018 Railway Crossings: Encounters in Ottoman Lands focuses on the production of railway spaces in western Anatolia during the second half of the 19th century, with an emphasis on how spatial practices were altered with the advent of railways in the region. Understanding the railroads as a cultural as well as a material phenomenon, this work approaches the western Anatolian railways through a series of interdisciplinary vignettes that juxtapose the histories of the built environment with histories of technology, archaeology, travel, and the senses. In an effort to modernize its transportation infrastructure, the Ottoman government granted the first railway concessions in Anatolia to two British companies. The Izmir-Aydın and Izmir-Kasaba lines connected the port city of Izmir to the fertile river valleys of the Gediz, Küçük and Büyük Menderes rivers. The construction of railways was an intensely material act, requiring not only the laying of tracks and the construction of station buildings, but the alteration of a whole landscape. Beyond this physicality, the railroads were harbingers of new modes of interaction with space. They altered the commercial transportation networks of the region that had depended for centuries on camel caravans traveling along well-established but flexible pathways. People also found a new mobility in the train.